Aisha Abdullah

Intern/Mentor Gt
Period 6
Week of 10/12/18

Annotated Source List

Apley, John, and Nora Naish. “Recurrent Abdominal Pains: A Field Survey of 1,000 School
Children.” ​Archives of Disease in Childhood​, vol. 33, no. 168, Apr. 1958, pp. 165–70.

In this article it talks about a study done on children with Recurrent Abdominal pain and
They want to how children with RAP differ from children who don’t. They observed kids with
pain that lasted about 3 hours that is severe enough to affect the kids activities and daily routines.
They study also took many other variables and factors and the child’s history into account. Data
showed that between the ages of 8- 10 there was a striking rise of pain but none subsequently.
This concluded that there are many factors to RAP but the main was excitement or being worry
worked up (stressed) about something. Additionally, child and family history was taken into
consideration in the duration of this study with data provided from table 2 and 3. In conclusion
what they were able to take out from this study is first girls are more prone to RAP and second
other pain complaints among the family is a factor for RAP.
Overall this article helped me establish factors among children with RAP, provided
through data and statistics. This article has more information and data about my topic of interest
within my field of interest and I hope to find similar articles to this to help me gain more
knowledge about this field of study.

Bertoldi, Julia, et al. “Patricia Padilha.” ​PeerJ​, PeerJ Inc., 27 Apr. 2018,
peerj.com/articles/4630/author-4.

Quality indicators for Nutritional Therapy (QINT) did research with other healthcare
professional To Assess in the 10 main quality indicators for nutritional therapies for pediatrics.
QINT for Pediatrics Invited total of 37 healthcare providers and about 33 showed up for the
study. 12 were Nutritionist 10 were nurses, 9 were pharmacist and 6 were physicians. QUINT
divided the Research study into Phases, the first stage was a questionnaire that had a collection
of objective and closed questions,The professionals were to punctuate each question and divide
them into 8 categories. The second Phase was where the professionals found out about the results
from the first stage of research to collect their opinions. This phase was carried out via email
where they answered two simple questions with a yes or no “do the QINTS for pediatric reflect
your own opinion?” and “Are you satisfied with the top 10 QINTS that were chosen for the
pediatric population?”. The results ended up being excellent according to the research due to
them making sure the efficiency and reliability of the results by using Cronbach's Alpha
Coefficient. 23 participants (92%) were satisfied.
This source has provided me with information that about other type of pediatrics and
what they do in their field. This depicts a wide variation of jobs in the pediatric field besides
caring for sick children. This article has given me more thought on what pediatrics do in their
field and gives me an idea of a what my research paper may be about.
 Boland, E., et al. “Limitations of Conventional Methods of Self-Monitoring of Blood
Glucose: Lessons Learned from 3 Days of Continuous Glucose Sensing in Pediatric
Patients with Type 1 Diabetes.” ​Diabetes Care,​ vol. 24, no. 11, Nov. 2001, pp.
1858–62. ​Crossref​, doi:​10.2337/diacare.24.11.1858​.

This article talks about children with type 1 diabetes that are asked to perform a
self-monitoring of glucose, through the system called Minimed, levels before every meal and
bedtime. In this study they are monitoring a child glucose and assisting in achieving ‘normal’
glucose levels, however, it is strenuous to achieve normal blood glucose level than in adults.
Having the children monitor their sugar levels and inject themselves with insulin daily will help
control and reduce hyperglycemia so that it won’t get worse. The study method was to attempt
using therapy to accomplish glucose control. Data analysis depicted that glucose was severely
high after the 3 main meals of the day and glucose was only low before breakfast. Overall the
results of the study established that glucose can be controlled than just lowering it.
This article overall talks about the study done on children with type 1 diabetes to help
control and lower their HbA/glucose levels. In general this article has helped me gain the
perspective of type of study done on children to help prevent a disease and I hope that this article
will help me on deciding on a research topic and answer any further questions I have in the
duration of my process.

Committee on Bioethics and Committee on Hospital Care. “Palliative Care for Children.”
Pediatrics​,American Academy of Pediatrics, 1 Aug. 2000
pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/106/2/351.

Palliative pediatric care for children is a service that helps minimize the symptoms and
conditions Of a child with a terminal condition. Palliative care assist in controlling the pain and
psychological,Social and spiritual aspect of children living with life threatening disease.
Principles for pediatric Palliative care is to be respectful to the family that has a child with a
serious condition, have open Access to palliative care and supporting the caregivers by
healthcare professionals. Curative and Palliative care differ in many ways, curative care seeks to
reverse and diminish the disease while Palliative care seeks to relieve symptoms and pain for the
child. Pediatricians that deal with children with life threatening disease also have to deal with
confused, upset and angered parents and with that it is sometime difficult for a child to process
the emotions and the environment around them.
Overall Palliative care is essential in hospitals and other health care facilities to take care
of children. This article written by American Academy of Pediatric (AAP) has value to me
because it has shown me a different side of pediatric care that may be interesting to research
more about in the future.
“Definition of a Pediatrician .” ​Www.aappublications.org,​ American Academy of Pediatrics , 4
Apr. 2015, pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/pediatrics/135/4/780.full.pdf.

The American Academy of Pediatrics have come up with describing what a pediatrician
is in the Medical world. Although the meaning is universal, it is usually associated with the
meaning of taking Responsibility with the health of an infant until it reaches it adolescence age.
Pediatric care ranges From many different services, such as, trauma unit, treatment, palliative
and several other services. A pediatrician is usually concerned with a child's development and
health status throughout the Years. To be a pediatrician, you are required to take 4 years of
medical school along with extra years To learn about medical care for infants and children and
adolescence
Being a pediatrician is Something that requires training and hard work to be able to take
care of children and this article Has assisted in showing me the types of pediatric work there is
and the true meaning of what a Pediatrician is. This article will help establish what will happen at
my placement and the general field of interest that my research paper will be on.

Dhooge, Ingeborg, et al. “Role of Nasopharyngeal Bacterial Flora in the Evaluation of Recurrent
Middle Ear Infections in Children.” ​Clinical Microbiology and Infection​, vol. 5, no. 9,
Sept. 1999, pp. 530–34. ​Crossref,​ doi:​10.1111/j.1469-0691.1999.tb00430.x​.

This article talks about the study of nasopharyngeal in Otitis prone children. Human
Nasopharynx is a natural reservoir of bacterial pathogens. The study consisted of 35 children
between 11 months to 4 years undergoing tube placement or adenoidectomy because of frequent
ear infections. Children undergoing surgery were Otitis prone (OP) prior to the surgery. Results
were that children with nasopharynx correlated with being Otitis Prone than children with
non-OP. Adenoidectomy resulted in an decrease of Otitis and about half of the patients in the
duration of tube placement had middle ear fluid. Overall both cross-colonization and turnover
were high.
Overall this article has established a good correlation between children with children that
are prone prior to surgery compared to after the surgery and children that are not prone. This will
help establish a good research paper about a topic on ear infections in children.

Erickson, Sarah J. “Brief Interventions and Motivational Interviewing With Children,

Adolescents, and Their Parents in Pediatric Health Care Settings.” ​JAMA Internal
Medicine,​ American Medical

Brief Interventions (BI) and Motivational Interviewing (MI) are techniques used to help
address the Physical and psychosocial health of children in a pediatric care setting. BI and MI
Try to target the behavioral developmental and social problems that occur in children with
Pediatric practice. BI care is often centered in prevention of behavioral, developmental and
Social problems linked to health care. BI interaction supports direct and indirect psychological
Issues by communication and other techniques. MI deals with health risks behaviors, Procedural
pain control and treatment options. MI is centered in support of the patient Autonomy,
collaboration and evocation. Effectiveness of BI techniques has not been Proven yet, however,
studies have started to compare the efficacy of the techniques of BI.
This Journal Article has provided me with a new study that Helps children with
behavioral, developmental and social problem. This article is a value to me Because it identifies
the role of pediatric care and what is to be looked for at my placement. This article will also help
my future career because it indicates how to interact with children and family in the health care.

Hardy, A. M., and M. G. Fowler. “Child Care Arrangements and Repeated Ear Infections in
Young Children.” ​American Journal of Public Health​, vol. 83, no. 9, Sept. 1993, pp.
1321–25. ​Crossref​, doi:​10.2105/AJPH.83.9.1321​.

Otitis media is a common ear infection that occurs in children. Approximately two
thirds of children by the age of three will have at least one episode of Otitis Media. However, if a
child has frequents episodes it is likely that surgery or other type of treatment is necessary. In
this study, a 1988 National Health Institute Survey (NHIS) is used to hypothesize to what extent
which a child may have the risk factor of having recurrent ear Infections. In the survey parents
were to report about their child’s ear infection. In the survey they refrained from using the
medical term ‘Otitis Media’ instead they used a more common word, ear infections. The results
Were that seventeen percent of children had recurrent ear infections and had many factors that
were associated with it.
Overall this article has good statistics and reasoning to conclude what type of risks
Factors there are that go into children having ear infections and used good terminology to help
explain everything. This article is a good beginning on a research paper that will be will be about
children with ear infections.

Hotopf, Matthew, et al. “Why Do Children Have Chronic Abdominal Pain, and What
Happens to Them When They Grow up? Population Based Cohort Study.” ​BMJ :
British Medical Journal,​ vol. 316, no. 7139, Apr. 1998, pp. 1196–200.

This article talks about a study done with children that have Recurrent Abdominal Pain
(R.A.P.) conducted a research that tested the prediction that children with RAP have parents or
relative with anxiety or any physical illness that may have caused the children to attain an
unexplainable illness. The results of this study was that the relation between the child and and
illnesses in the family have been seen in many other studies but have been reinforce in the
child’s physiological and medical bodily sensations. Additionally data also shown that children
would grow up to still have RAP and they were linked to 2 other things besides family illnesses,
which was if a child was to have RAP it was not certain they would have it when they would
become adults and that RAP was an indicator of mental illness for a child when they would grow
up.
Overall this article has helped me gain more knowledge about a potential topic that may
be researched in my field of interest. This article is able to give me more information about RAP
and that not only is it cause by stress in internal or environmental factor but that RAP is an
indicator of mental illness that can occur during adulthood of a child that had RAP.
 McEvoy, Mimi, et al. “Are There Universal Parenting Concepts among Culturally Diverse
Families in an Inner-City Pediatric Clinic?” ​Journal of Pediatric Health Care,​ vol. 19,
no. 3, May 2005, pp. 142–50. ​Crossref​, doi:​10.1016/j.pedhc.2004.10.007​.

This journal article talks about the type of concept different families from different
cultures view in a pediatric or child care clinic or even at home. In this study, the purpose of it
was to use a anthropological method to examine the group sampled on practice and philosophies
among diverse cultural groups. 46 parents were recruited for this study from the pediatric clinic
in New York, they were interviewed by two medical students. The interview was structure by
open ended questions which unintentionally force the parents to stories or examples regarding to
the care for their children. This study ended up discovering that they are still many universal
practices and philosophies that exist to this day. The big practice that was common among most
was respect.
This journal article has helped address the type of practices and philosophies that are
presented in cultural groups at a pediatric clinic. This article has helped me shaped the view
about how parents from different cultures may raise their kid and this will help me work with not
only the children but also the parents in a pediatric clinic throughout my internship and career.

Rasquin, Andrée, et al. “Childhood Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders:

Child/Adolescent.” ​Gastroenterology​, vol. 130, no. 5, Apr. 2006, pp. 1527–37.
Crossref​, doi:​10.1053/j.gastro.2005.08.063​.

Gastrointestinal Disorders (FGIDs) are chronic Gastrointestinal symptoms that have no

pathology or biochemical abnormalities. In this study, pediatrics wanted to revise an old study
Rome II that occured around the 1980’s. They used the usual techniques such as questionnaires
that help better understand the amount of pain or how the pain is for the child. Additionally, the
clinicians also took many other variables in hand and other symptoms a child may have such as,
cyclical vomiting, migraines, irritable bowel pains, constipation or Fecal incontinence, and
measured the psychological factors involving FGID and symptoms. For each symptom that
occured they had criteria for it to be a possible symptom and treatments to cure the symptom or
diminish the pain.
Overall I think this article helped me understand another way that children can have
stomach or abdominal pain. However , FGID is very similar to RAP (recurrent abdominal pain)
but the symptoms are not similar, besides that, FDIG and RAP have no pathology of the pain.
This Article on Gastrointestinal Disorder has helped me look further into my topic of interest
which is Recurrent Abdominal Pain and has assist me into the knowledge of another similar pain
that occurs in children.
Sanders, M. R., Shepherd, R. W., Cleghorn, G., & Woolford, H. (1994). The treatment of
recurrent abdominal pain in children: A controlled comparison of cognitive-behavioral
family intervention and standard pediatric care. ​Journal of Consulting and Clinical
Psychology, 62​(2), 306-314.

This journal article talks about a clinical trial on a total of 44 children ranging between
the Ages of 7-14 diagnosed with Recurrent Abdominal Pain (R.A.P). R.A.P episodes of severe
Recurrent abdominal pain that has no pathology. Although it is not established how RAP Occurs,
however, it is known that a child physiological disorders and psychological factors Have been
the cause maintance of RAP symptoms. A child's coping mannerisms towards Family and
environment and caregivers (parents) assistances toward the child affects the Child’s pain. The
study used to help children and caregivers with RAP was broken down into 8 Sessions that
involved self-management skills and training the children caregivers in prompt of Using the
skills. The case study was sectioned into various things that a child and parent had to To do in
order to collect the data. The results in the ends were that the child experience reduced Amount
of pain within the 6-12 month period and were maintained.
This article established A case study done on children with recurrent abdominal pain and
their cognitive behavior, which has major correlation. This article will help me with a potential
topic for a research paper.

Walker, Lynn S., et al. “Psychosocial Correlates of Recurrent Childhood Pain: A

Comparison of Pediatric Patients with Recurrent Abdominal Pain, Organic Illness, and
Psychiatric Disorders.” ​Journal of Abnormal Psychology​, vol. 102, no. 2, 1993, pp.
248–58. ​Crossref​, doi:​10.1037/0021-843X.102.2.248​.

This journal article discusses the research done with children with Recurrent
Abdominal Pain (R.A.P), children with organic illnesses and children with psychiatric Disorders,
between the ages of 6-18. The first part of this study was that Lynn S. Walker wanted to see the
differences of emotional and somatic symptoms between children with R.A.P and children with
organic illness or a psychiatric disorder. Second part of this study was to compare the
psychosocial factors on the patient groups. Her hypothesis was that R.A.P patients would have
experience a greater number of negative life events compared to patients with more health
related negative life events. The results indicated that R.A.P patients had a higher amount of
emotional and somatic symptoms compared to with well children, but had the some measure of
negative life events. Another results were that R.A.P patients compared to psychiatric patient
was R.A.P exhibit fewer negative life events than psychiatric patient.
This journal article helped address another study done with R.A.P patients and gave
deeper information about how R.A.P compares to other illnesses in a child. Overall this article
manage to assist me in a deeper knowledge about a potential topic on a research paper done in
this field of interest.