Table of Contents

Abstract........................................................................................................................................................2
1. Introduction..........................................................................................................................................3
2. Problem Statement..............................................................................................................................5
3. Objectives.............................................................................................................................................5
4. Literature Review.................................................................................................................................6
5. Methodology........................................................................................................................................7
6. Design Concept.....................................................................................................................................9
7. Type of the equipment.......................................................................................................................10
8. Analysis and discussion......................................................................................................................12
9. Limitation of project...........................................................................................................................14
10. Conclusion..........................................................................................................................................15
11. References.........................................................................................................................................16

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 A study on pedestrian facilities and needs at Taman Kerang, Kuantan

NurBalqis Adriana Binti Mohd

Email: nbalqisadriana.mohd96@gmail.com

Tel: +6019-7071872

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY, UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA PAHANG (UMP), LEBUHRAYA

TUN RAZAK, 26300, GAMBANG KUANTAN, PAHANG

Abstract
Nowadays, Kuantan city especially Taman Kerang always facing traffic congestion problem, the
amount of vehicular transports annually increased in numbers. Pedestrian is one of the road
users which have large scale in group occurred at Taman Kerang. Pedestrian might consist of
normal people, disabilities people, children and group of age. As an initiative part in developing
urban traffic planning at Kuantan, the consideration on pedestrian facilities cannot be ignored.
Although there is pedestrian facilities provided at Taman Kerang, the facilities are not enough for
them and the safety level are still in doubted with the specifications and standard use in
developing the facilities.

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 1. Introduction

Pedestrian is one of the important users which considering a person walking using the road
rather than travelling in a vehicle. However, the consideration on pedestrian facilities is usually
being listed as the last terms in urban traffic planning. Nowdays in Kuantan city, the rate of road
traffic accidents which involves pedestrian illegal crossing the road and vehicles, slightly rises in
statistical measurement occurred in Kuantan. Thus, some reduction measure needs to be
considers by Malaysia government in securing road users especially pedestrians. The
inspections on the pedestrian facilities need to analyze and observe whether it follows Malaysia
Standard and Guide for Pedestrian facilities.

MPK FIELD

Figure 1: Proposed area at Taman Kerang, Kuantan

Based on this project scope, which mainly focused on pedestrian facilities at Taman Kerang, the
observations on the existing pedestrian facilities need to be inspected and analyze to make sure
that it follows Malaysia Pedestrian specification and standard. It is to ensure the comfort and
safety for the pedestrian to use the facilities.

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As for some reasons for this project in analyze pedestrian facilities and needs, Taman Kerang is
the road connection and main spot for Kuantan people who are from Pekan, and Gambang
others residential areas people besides using Indera Mahkota bypass to go to Kuantan city.
Besides that, Taman Kerang is near to Pahang state mosque and MPK field, plus it also provide
many facilities such as bank, administration department, restaurant, book shops and retails
shops. Because of that Taman Kerang is one of the best proposed areas for this project surveying
and analysis.

As for that, the pedestrian facilities need to be maintained and sustain to secure the safety and
comfort the users using the facilities provided. By the day, there was much focusing on solving
issues faced by the vehicular traffic by ignoring the pedestrian issues. Thus, the effect of this is a
large number of vehicular users occupy the road and this lead to a number of conflicts arising for
pedestrians. This research proposal will analyzed the existing pedestrian facilities located at
Taman Kerang, whether it is reliable to the government standard and secure the safety of the
pedestrian to use the facilities.

2. Problem Statement

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The consideration on pedestrian facilities provided at Taman Kerang. The preferred facilities
area is highly recommended as the users increased parallel with high volume of vehicles on the
road daily. The consideration on differences type of users level which include normal people,
disabilities people, children and group of age who will use the pedestrian facilities. Even though
there are fully effort done in protecting the pedestrians, but still slightly minor incident happens
while walking on pedestrian pathway. Thus, this research is needed to overcome the pedestrian
facilities problem and enhance the pedestrian safety efficiently.

Figure 2: Existing Pedestrian facilities at Taman Kerang, Kuantan

3. Objectives

The objective of this study is to address important issues regarding to the above mentioned
problems which are listed as below:

1. To identify the preferences of the pedestrian facilities provision after considering the
perception of pedestrian.
2. To evaluate the safety and comfort levels of pedestrian facilities based on Malaysia
Standard and Guide for Pedestrians.

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 4. Literature Review

Pedestrian facilities have an important aspect in traffic management system designing due to
implications on the traffic system. This research proposal is important to determine the usability
on the pedestrian facilities. The despite of the importance of walking to multi-modal travel, and
government strategies to encourage people used the pedestrian facilities (Tianjin,2012). By the
analysis had done before, it shows that the characteristics of pedestrians that used the
pedestrian facilities can be differentiate by age, gender, travel path, gait, occurrence, and
looking behavior often dictated the likelihood (Knoblauch et al., 2001).

Journeys between one destination to others and social or recreational outings and shopping are
the most common reason for pedestrian trips (Akin et al., 2000). For that reason, pedestrian
facilities should be considerable near to local shopping areas, recreational activities and
residential areas which needed to be an adequate standard. The quality of the pedestrian and
walk trip based on time to complete a sufficient journey is the most important factors that
valued by pedestrians, although the weight of the pedestrian should be considered
(Buchanan, 2004).

The data collection on the numbers of vehicles, vehicle speeds, gaps in traffics occurred, number
of pedestrians and the behavior of the drivers and pedestrians should be in detailed in order to
relate the traffic occurred with the pedestrian in using the facilities (Mac Lean, 1980). While
conducting opinion-based survey, interview and questionnaire to the pedestrian occurred, it is
consider to use rating scales to ease the analysis process in develop the efficient results
(Statpac Inc, 2006).

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 5. Methodology

By proceeding this entitle research proposal, identify the project problem is the most important
thing need to be verify first. Discover and analyze the project problem occurred based on the
pedestrian facilities issues and summarize it as a problem statement that will mention all the
content of this research proposal. By identifying suitable problem statement, it will be easier to
identify the project objectives which will explain in details the main purpose and vision of this
research proposal in solving analyze and discover pedestrian facilities at Taman Kerang, Kuantan.

To gain more information related to the pedestrian facilities, do some research on past research
by other researchers. It will help in completing the literature review with the sufficient citation.
In referring to the past research, it may help in developing ideas to solving the pedestrian
facilities issues by compare their opinions. Many sources will be referred to which will be found
at the library and by searching details and information in internet. It will be used as references in
proposal research of pedestrian facilities at Taman Kerang, Kuantan.

Next, verify the type of equipment will be used in collecting data and information for this
research issue. This research used qualitative research which mostly associated with words,
language and experiences rather than measurement, statistics and numerical figures. It could be
done by conducting interview session, questionnaire distribution and survey on the people at
Taman Kerang.

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For data collection, it will conduct an interview session, questionnaire distribution and survey at
the field observation. This data collection is aiming to get people perceptions and opinion
whether they are satisfied with the existing pedestrian facilities or not. This field observation and
surveying will be done with 10 set of time which at 8am, 9am, 10am, 11am, 12pm, 1pm, 2pm,
3pm, 4pm and 5pm. The time limit data will be compared between weekdays and weekend.

Last but not least, to make sure that the existing pedestrian facilities follows Malaysia Pedestrian
Standard and Guide. The observation on the facilities will be done to determine and analyze the
facilities whether it is enough for the pedestrians to use the facilities and secure the pedestrian
to use the facilities. After the data have been collecting, do the analysis on the numbers
encountered as pedestrian located at Taman Kerang to make a statistical analysis on Taman
Kerang pedestrian walk trip and numbers of pedestrian occurred for certain time. After finalize
it, the solutions can be sort out by fulfill pedestrian facilities and needs at Taman Kerang.

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6. Design Concept

1. Project Problem
7.
Will identify the suitable
problem statement of the
project

2. Project Objectives

Will verify suitable project

objectives

3. Literature Review

Will do some research on past

research on past research to
gain more information related
to the research proposal

4. Type of Equipment Use

Will conduct interview

sessions, questionnaire and
survey
5. Data Collection

Will contribute relevant

information from data survey

6. Analyze and Sort Out the

Problem

Proposed solutions by the

analyze data collection and
consideration

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 8. Type of the equipment

This research proposal will be held at Taman Kerang, Kuantan. In this research, it require
observation on the pedestrians facilities and number of pedestrian occurred to analyze whether
the facilities are sufficient with the existing pedestrian occurred. As for that, come equipment
will be carry out to get the accurate and details information from the observation on pedestrian
facilities and needed at Taman Kerang, Kuantan.

I prefer choose qualitative research method. This method is mostly associated with words,
language and experiences rather than measurement, statistics and numerical figures. This refers
to inductive, holistic, emic, subjective and process-oriented methods used to understand,
interpret, describe and develop a theory on phenomena or setting. It is systematic, subjective
approach used to describe life experiences and give them meaning (Burns & Grove 2003:356;
Morse & Field 1996:1999). By that, this research require to survey on pedestrian survey count. It
includes survey consistency, survey count duration, survey day and time, survey by
questionnaire, and survey method.

Survey consistency is used to recognized pedestrian volume fluctuate from day to day, owing to
factors such as weather conditions, day of the week, time of the year and whether it is school
break time. When selecting a time and a day, peak hours are the key on consideration. The other
consideration need is variability in pedestrian numbers, over the same period, from week to
week. The key measure of this variability and input into statistical calculation is the coefficient of
variance between counts.

Next, survey count duration which is the original proposed methodology suggested that a two-
hour period should be used for most sites. It also suggests that only the peak hours should be
considered in the analysis. A longer count period should be considered and record it in about 15
minute intervals. By that, it can be used to seek the pedestrian on the majority using the
pedestrian facilities.

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Then, by doing survey day and time, it is important to keep consistent on the duration of survey
conducted. It also expecting to significantly improve the likelihood of understanding the count
varied from day to day and from week to week, and therefore better understands the significant
increase in the numbers on pedestrian using the facilities. Analysis on the data collection will be
used to identify the desire number of facilities needed by the pedestrians using the facilities at
Taman Kerang, Kuantan.

This survey questionnaire method will be using in figuring the analysis data by distribution
questionnaire which will permit the participants to answer the questions. The steering group
believed that a pedestrian’s perception on safety, delay and directness would influences in
decision making on observation and analysis at Taman Kerang. This method required number of
participant which will be involved in answering some questionnaire. This questionnaire will be
distributes in about 50 people.

Last but not least, survey method is an interview sessions as many numbers of pedestrian as
possible during the survey period. This survey actually will be conduct after the pedestrian using
the existing facilities which will help us to get their detail opinions, and suggestions in order to
improving the pedestrian facilities occurred at Taman Kerang, Kuantan.

9. Analysis and discussion

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Based on the research proposal entitled which recognized the pedestrian facilities occurred at
Taman Kerang, for the data collection phase it will be compared with two types of data which
are from weekends and weekdays. This field observation and surveying will be done with 10 set
of time which at 8am, 9am, 10am, 11am, 12pm, 1pm, 2pm, 3pm, 4pm and 5pm. This survey
consistency is used to assist in determining the best survey time, data from site observation.

Figure 3: Coefficient of Variance between quarter- hour counts on weekday

Figure 4: Coefficient of Variance between quarter- hour counts on weekend

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By referring to the Figure 3 and Figure 4 above, it shows the data collection which is done by
Beca for Transfund NZ in analyzing and improving the pedestrian facilities need at Christchurch
Hospital. By using the data analysis and collection, it can be seen the similar will be gain by
conducting the site observation at Taman Kerang, Kuantan. The graph shows the number of
pedestrian counts on different weekdays was similar and generally between 40% to 60%. It
shows that by using the consistency survey, it would give the random and quite difficult in order
to collect the data.

The range of coefficient of variance from the figures above shows lowest number of pedestrian
around noon, therefore that is the potentially the best time to done the survey. The variability of
pedestrian occurred may be around afternoon and morning peaks will shows the higher
numbers of pedestrian. These analyses is comparing between others research which entitled
“Benefits of new and improved pedestrian’s facilities” due to the goals of this research is same
to this research proposal, so the data will be used and references.

Based on Figure 3 and Figure 4, the coefficient of variance during weekdays shows high value in
percentage during morning, afternoon and evening peak hour. It shows that at proposed area,
there are many pedestrian occurred. Thus, it may be busy and traffic problems will occurred due
to many road users at the same time. For pedestrian they might face problems due to this
problem to across the road, meanwhile if it is raining, they might be wet due to the lack
facilities. To overcome this problem, the development on pedestrian facilities should be taken as
the first mitigation in focusing more on pedestrian facilities when planning urban road traffic.

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 10. Limitation of project

But, there also many challenges need to be faces in managing such of facilities which include in
knowing the numbers of pedestrian occurred, determine the source of localizing the different
points of observation, observe and analyze the possible design for pedestrian facilities and the
most important thing is considering the weather and time consuming being on site to observe
and collect data from the proposed area.

By that, there might facing complicated to get details traffic information at Taman Kerang with
Jabatan Pengangkutan Jalan (JPJ), Kuantan. Therefore, the best ways to overcome this issue is by
meet and greets JPJ Kuantan staff and ask personally help from them. Other matters needed in
settle up this research proposal are by doing some research and analysis by searching internet
and referring others journal related.

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 11. Conclusion

The implementation on the consideration of pedestrian facilities is needed in order to secure the
safety of pedestrian occurred at Taman Kerang, Kuantan. This study is needed in order to
overcome the pedestrian facilities problem and enhance the pedestrian safety efficiently.
Meanwhile, the data collection phase need to be done and analyze efficiently to get a better
result.

Taman Kerang is one of the busiest areas in Kuantan which crowded with vehicles and
pedestrians. This will lead to traffic problems. Pedestrian is one of the road users which used the
road by walking from another place to another. Thus, many facilities should be provided more in
securing the pedestrian from harm and weather. This research proposal will help in analyzing
the pedestrian facilities and needs at Taman Kerang, Kuantan.

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12. References

1. Akin, D and VP Sisiopiku (2000) Study of pedestrians’ crossing preferences and

perceptions. Proceedings of the 2000 ITE International Conference, Irvine, CA.

2. Buchanan P and D Heuman (2004) Measuring the benefits of pedestrian improvements.

Paper presented to Walk21-V Cities for People, The Fifth International Conference on
Walking in the 21st Century, June 9–11, Copenhagen, Denmark.

3. Knoblauch, RL, M Nitzburg and RF Seifert (2001) Pedestrian crosswalk case studies:
Richmond, Virginia; Buffalo, New York; Stillwater, Minnesota. US Department of
Transportation FHWA-RD 00-103. 52pp.

4. MacLean, AS and DJ Howie (1980) Survey of the performance of pedestrian crossing

facilities. Australian Road Research 10, no.3: 38–45.

5. StatPac Inc (2006) Survey & questionnaire design. Accessed 21 February 2006.
www.statpac.com/surveys

6. Walton, D and S Sunseri (2007) Impediments to walking as a mode choice. Land

Transport NZ research report 329. 46pp.

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