REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES

MINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITY BUUG -CAMPUS

College of Arts and Sciences
NURSING DEPARTMENT
Datu Panas, Buug, Zamboanga Sibugay

ACTIVITY 3
INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
Name: ADORADOR, AYRHA MAE BSN 1-A

Clinical Instructor: MRS. LOVELY HOPE MERASOL Date: OCTOBER 10,2020

A. Answer the following questions:

1. What structures are associated with the integumentary system?
- The structures associated with the integumentary system are: Skin, Blood Vessels, Nails,
Hair, and Sweat and Oil Glands.

2. What are the functions of the integumentary system?

-Protects us from ultraviolet rays from the sun which kills our cells, from water and also any
other outer threats to our body like harmful microorganisms such as bacteria. (PROTECTION)
- It allows us to feel anything because of the sensory nerves located on the dermis.
(SENSATION)
- It regulates our body temperature for example our adipose cells keep us warm when we feel
cold. On the other hand, when we feel cold our sweat glands secrete sweat which cools our body.
(TEMPERATURE REGULATION)
- Synthesizes Vitamin D. (VITAMIN D SYNTHESIS)
- BLOOD STORAGE

3. What part does the skin play in your immune system?

- It protects us from outer threats such us some microorganisms and protects our dermis (layer
of the skin where living cells are found) from ultraviolet rays.
- It also acts as the first line of defense of the immune system.
How does the integumentary system interact with the digestive system?
- When Vitamin D enters the bloodstream through the capillaries in the skin, it encourages the
uptake of calcium in one’s diet. The fats and oils we eat contributes to the health of our skin
as it helps the body make the protective oils needed for our skin take sebum as an example.

4. Why is it that patches placed on the skin can be used to deliver medications to the
bloodstream?

- These are called “transdermal patch”. It is efficient to use as the molecules of this medicine
is small and is able to penetrate to the skin therefore making it more effective.
- The medications enter the skin and penetrates through the capillaries (smallest blood vessel)
which is found under the skin (in the dermis). These capillaries are connected through the
bigger blood vessels and that’s where the circulatory system comes in.

5. What role does your skin play in the regulation of body temperature?
- The integumentary system is deeply associated with the sympathetic nervous system whose
function is to regulate our body temperature. This explains why when we feel hot, our sweat
glands release water which we call sweat in order to cool down our body. (In evaporation,
the warmest is what evaporates first before the coolest section of the liquid and this is why
we feel the cooling sensation minutes after we perspire).
- On the other hand, if we feel cold (when our body temperature drops below normal) our
blood vessels constrict (specifically the arteriole) to minimize the loss of body heat. Our
erector pili muscle and adipose cells help keep us warm.

6. How important is your skin for the functioning of the nervous system?
- The sensory nerves located at the dermis of the skin enables us to feel things and those
sensory receptors sends signal to the brain to interpret what we felt.
- We know that the skin controls our sense of touch, everything starts from there.

7. What parts of the integumentary system are made up of dead epidermal cells?
- The fingernails, toenails and the hair which is composed of dead keratinized cells.

8. What is the purpose of the excretory system?

- It regulates the bodily chemicals and discharges the body waste produced by bodily
processes.
- Sweat glands, liver, lungs and the kidney are in-charge of this.

9. What primary organs are involved in the excretion process?

- Kidneys, Ureter, Urethra, Urinary Bladder, Skin, Liver, Intestine and Lungs.

10. What types of waste products are removed through the skin?
- Sweat through perspiration and dead cells.

11. List and describe the five layers of the epidermis.

- Stratum corneum – composed of 20-30 sheets of dead keratinized cells and acts as the
frontline protection against any external threat.
- Stratum lucidum- this section is only found in our thick skin.
- Stratum granulosum- this layer is filled with skin granules that is composed of many things
(proteins, lipids, etc,.) which helps the 1st and 2nd layer.
- Stratum spinosum- holds the cells tightly together to prevent tearing.
- Stratum basale- the innermost layer or what connects the epidermis and the dermis. This is
where Keratinocytes are produced. Merkel cells, Langerhan’s cells and melanocytes can be
found in here as well.

12. Where is the epidermis and dermis located in relationship to each other?
- The epidermis is located at the outer part which is the skin we see and it’s composed of dead
skin cells. While the dermis, located below our epidermis which can be found inside. There
is a boundary between the epidermis and dermis called the stratum basale.

13. What types of tissues/cells are found in the dermis?

- Glands (oil and sweat), hair follicles, nerve cells, blood vessels (capillaries).

14. List the two types of sweat glands and explain the difference between the two.
- Eccrine and apocrine.
- Eccrine is commonly found throughout our skin and it its pores is open directly on our skin
while apocrine is developed when we reach puberty and its opening is through the hair
follicle.
- Apocrine sweat glands secrete sweat with proteins and fats when bacteria combine with it, it
causes odor. It is commonly found in the armpit and groin.

15. What role do sebaceous (oil) glands play in the skin?

- Sebaceous glands produce sebum which helps moisturize and waterproof the hair shafts.
- It also lubricates the skin and keeps it soft, as it also prevents skin dehydration.

16. What is the job of the erector pili muscle? How is this related to the phenomenon called
“goosebumps”?
- When we are cold, we undergo the phenomenon called goosebumps. We see our skin having
some bumps because our body hair stands up. This is actually because in order for our body
to produce heat our erector pili muscle contracts and since this muscle is attached to our hair
follicles the contraction causes the hair to stand up.

17. What are hair follicles? Where do hair cells get their color?
- Hair follicles are structures in the skin where hair grows. It anchors the skin and the hair
together.
- Melanocytes – these cells produce a substance called melanin which gives our hair its color.
The color varies from place to place as it is highly dependent on the amount of sunlight it
gets. For example, people far from the equator have blonde hair since they don’t get as much
sunlight as people near the equator does who has ivory-black hair.

18. Where is the hypodermis? What is the hypodermis composed of?

- It is located under the dermis, just above the bodily organs.
- It is composed of adipose cells which keeps our body warm, blood vessels and loose
connective tissues.

19. What types of sensations do sensory receptors detect? What is the function of the sensory
receptors?
- The sensory receptors respond to temperature, chemical, light and pressure.
- It allows us to feel changes in the temperature, presence of chemicals, pain and heat through
pressure, vision through light and feeling of touch.

II. Research.
You are to write an essay on a separate sheet/document with the filename (surname/AP3essay)
regarding one of the following diseases of the Integumentary System. There are a number of
diseases to choose from listed below. Your work is yours alone. Do not copy someone else’s
work! You have the freedom to select your disease but please carefully adhere to the following
specifics:

1. Use 1 inch margins.

2. Times New Roman 12-point font.
3. Double Space
4. Your Disease Name should be centered at the top of the page

The following are pretty common diseases:

 • Acne
• Athlete’s foot (fungus)
• Burns
• Seborrheic dermatitis
• Psoriasis
• Basal Cell Carcinoma
• Squamos Cell Carcinoma
• Malignant Melanoma
• Vitiligo
• Warts
• Alopecia Areata
• Eczema
• Chicken pox

Not as common:

• Ichthyosis vulgaris
• Keratoderma
• Pyoderma gangrenosum
• Mycosis fungoides
• Xeroderma pimentosum

Parasitic Skin Diseases:

• Cimicosis (Bedbug bite)

• Creeping eruption
• Coolie itch
• Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
• Kandahar sore
• Gnathostmiasis
• Head Lice
• Hook worm disease

Example: PSORIASIS

1. Information to Include:
a. Introduction-
 • Tell me what you are going to write about in the paper and what one can expect to
learn by reading your essay.
• Why did you choose this disease?
b. Overview of the Integumentary System- You might consider answering the following:
• What is the integumentary system?
• What are its components?
• What is its function in the human body?
• How does it help maintain homeostasis?
• Why is maintaining homeostasis important?
c. Overview of your disease –
You might consider the following:
• What is your disease?
• Does it have any alternative names?
• What part of the integumentary system does it specifically affect?
• What are the symptoms of the disease?
• How is the disease acquired?
• Does the disease affect activities of daily living?
Include interesting facts if possible.
d. Prognosis and Treatment-
• Discuss how the disease is treated and/or cured if possible. If not curable, how are
the symptoms managed.
• What is the prognosis with treatment?
• What is the prognosis if treatment is not available?
e. Conclusion- Summarize your essay.
f. Resources- Include a list of all resources consulted. Resources should be listed on a
separate page. WIKIPEDIA IS NOT A USEFUL RESOURCE. You should have a
minimum of 3 resources.