Business Mathematics & Statistics Project

Topics: Standard Deviation.

Coefficient of Variation.
Regression Equation.
Correlation coefficient.
Submitted To: Ma’am Wajeeha
Submitted By: Adnan Yasin.
NUML ID: NUML-F19-19062.
Class: M.com 1 A (Morning).
 Question 1: Construct a frequency distribution from data of 100
observations by taking a suitable class interval. Calculate its standard
deviation and co-efficient of variation.
Marks of 100 students who enrolled in Inter exam:
40,40,41,42,42,42,44,45,46,47,48,48,48,48,48,50,52,53,54,54,55,56,57,58,
58,59,60,60,61,61,62,63,63,63,65,65,66,67,68,69,70,70,70,70,71,72,72,72,
72,73,73,74,74,74,75,76,77,78,78,79,80,80,80,80,80,81,82,82,83,84,84,85,
85,86,86,86,87,87,88,89,89,90,91,92,93,94,94,95,95,95,95,96,96,97,97,97,
98,98,98,99.

Class interval = Max value – Minimum value / 5 = 99-40/10 = 5.9

We take 5 as the interval.

Class Frequency Class X

Interval (F) Boundaries (Mid) FX X- (X- )2 F(X- )2
40-45 8 39.5-45.5 42.5 340 -29.51 870.84 6966.7
46-50 8 45.5-50.5 48 384 -24.01 576.48 4611.8
51-55 5 50.5-55.5 53 265 -19.01 361.38 1806.9
56-60 7 55.5-60.5 58 406 -14.01 196.01 5572.1
61-65 8 60.5-65.5 63 504 -9.01 81.18 649.4
66-70 8 65.5-70.5 68 544 -4.01 16.08 128.6
71-75 11 70.5-75.5 73 803 0.99 0.98 10.8
76-80 10 75.5-80.5 78 780 5.99 35.88 358.8
81-85 8 80.5-85.5 83 664 10.99 120.78 966.2
86-90 9 85.5-90.5 88 792 15.99 255.68 2301.3
91-95 9 90.5-95.5 93 837 20.99 440.58 3965.2
96-100 9 95.5-100.5 98 882 25.99 675.48 6079.3
ΣFX= ΣF(X-
2
ΣF=100 7201 ) =33417.1

= = 72.01
Standard Deviation =
σ =√

S.D = σ = √ σ=√

σ = 18.28

Coefficient of variation = x 100

Coefficient of variation = x 100

Coefficient of variation = 0.25 x 100

C.V = 25

Question 2: Taking a data of 20 observations. Calculate the

regression equation and correlation coefficient. Interpret your
results? Data collects from a table of 2 and 3.
X = 2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,24,26,28,30,32,34,36,38,40.
Y = 3,6,9,12,15,18,21,24,27,30,33,36,39,42,45,48,51,54,57,60.
 X Y XY X2 Y2
2 3 6 4 9
4 6 24 16 36
6 9 54 36 81
8 12 96 64 144
10 15 150 100 225
12 18 216 144 324
14 21 294 196 441
16 24 384 256 576
18 27 486 324 729
20 30 600 400 900
22 33 726 484 1089
24 36 864 576 1296
26 39 1014 676 1521
28 42 1176 784 1764
30 45 1350 900 2025
32 48 1536 1024 2304
34 51 1734 1156 2601
36 54 1944 1296 2916
38 57 2166 1444 3294
40 60 2400 1600 3600
2 2
ΣX= 420 ΣY= 630 ΣXY = 17220 ΣX = 11480 ΣY = 25875

(ΣX)2 = 176400 (ΣY)2 = 396900

Regression equation: Y on X
Y = a + bX a=? b=?

a=

a=
a=

a=

a=0

b=

b=

b=

b=

b = 1.5

Y = a + bX

Y= 0 + 1.5X

Regression equation: X on Y
X = a + bY

a=

a=
a=

a=

a = 0.156

b=

b=

b=

b=

b = 0.661
X = a + bY
X = (0.156) + (0.661)Y

X = 0.817 Y

Coefficient of Correlation. Taking same data as regression.

X = 2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,24,26,28,30,32,34,36,38,40.
Y = 3,6,9,12,15,18,21,24,27,30,33,36,39,42,45,48,51,54,57,60.
 X Y X- Y-Ȳ (X- )(Y-Ȳ)
2 3 -19 -28.5 541.5
4 6 -17 -25.5 433.5
6 9 -15 -22.5 337.5
8 12 -13 -19.5 292.5
10 15 -11 -16.5 214.5
12 18 -9 -13.5 121.5
14 21 -7 -10.5 73.5
16 24 -5 -7.5 37.5
18 27 -3 -4.5 13.5
20 30 -1 -1.5 1.5
22 33 1 1.5 1.5
24 36 3 4.5 13.5
26 39 5 7.5 37.5
28 42 7 10.5 73.5
30 45 9 13.5 121.5
32 48 11 16.5 214.5
34 51 13 19.5 292.5
36 54 15 22.5 337.5
38 57 17 25.5 433.5
40 60 19 28.5 541.5
ΣX= 420 ΣY= 630 0 0.0 Σ(X- )(Y-Ȳ) = 4134

= = = 21

Ȳ= = = 31.5
 (X- )2 (Y-Ȳ)2
361 812.25
289 650.25
225 506.25
169 380.25
121 272.25
81 182.25
49 110.25
25 56.25
9 20.25
1 2.25
1 2.25
9 20.25
25 56.25
49 110.25
81 182.25
121 272.25
169 380.25
225 506.25
289 650.25
361 812.25
Σ(X- )2 = 2660 Σ(Y-Ȳ)2 = 5985

r= ̅
,r= ,r=
√ √ √

r= , r = 1.036 , r = 1.036