ID: 574416e4

Name: Shahzaib

Question No 1

1 0 −2
Find the determinant of the Matrix[0 4 −1].
3 5 2

Solution:

Be represent the Matrix ix A

So,

1 0 −2
A = [0 4 −1]
3 5 2

Determinant,

1 0 −2
|𝐴| = |0 4 −1|
3 5 2

By the definition of determinant grader than 2-by-2 matrix

|𝐴| = 1 × |4 −1| − (0) × |0 −1

| + (−2) × |
0 4
|
5 2 3 2 3 5

|𝐴| = 1 × |4 −1
|−0−2 × |
0 4
|
5 2 3 5

|𝐴| = 1 × |4 −1| − 2 × |0 4
|
5 2 3 5

|𝐴| = 1 × [(4)(2) − (−1)(5)] − 2 × [(0)(5) − (3)(4)]

|𝐴| = 1 × (8 − 5) − 2 × ( 0 − 12)

|𝐴| = 1 × (3) − 2 × (−12)

 |𝐴| = 3 + 24

|𝐴| = 27

Question No 2

To save money you set aside $50. Find each following month you set aside 10% more than
the previous month. How much Money will you save in a year?

Solution:

For first month 10% of $50 is $5

For first month aside money = 50 + 5 = $55

For second month 10%

55+10
= = 5.5
100

For second month aside money = 55 + 5.5 = $60.5

For third month 10%

60.5+10
= = 6.05
100

For third month aside money = 60.5 + 6. 05 = $66.55

For forth month 10%

66.55+10
= = 6.655
100

For forth month aside money = 66.55 + 6.655 = $73.205

For fifth month 10%

73.205+10
= = 7.3205
100

For fifth moth aside money = 73.205 +7.3205 = $80.525

For sixth month 10%

80.525+10
= = 8.0525
100

For sixth month aside money = 80.525 + 8.0535 = $88.577

For seventh month 10%

88.577+10
= = 8.8577
100

For seventh month aside money = 88.577 + 8.8577 = $97.414

For eighth month 10%

97.414+10
= = 9.7414
100

For eighth month aside money = 97.414 + 9.7414 = $107.177

For ninth month 10%

107.277+10
= = 10.7177
100

For ninth month aside money = 107.277 + 10.7177 = $117.894

For tenth month 10%

117.894+10
= = 11.7894
100

For tenth month aside money = 117.894 + 11.7894 = $129.68

For eleventh month 10%

129.68+10
= = 12.968
100

For eleventh month aside money = 129.68 + 12.968 = $142.64

For twelfth month 10%

142.64+10
= = 14.264
100

For twelfth month aside money = 142.64 + 14.264 = $156.90

Hence

$156.90 money will save in one year

Question No 3

If f (x) = (x + 2)² - 1, what is the largest possible domain of f so that its inverse is also a
function.

Solution:

Here

f(x) = (x + 2)² - 1

By replacing x with y:

⇒y = (x + 2)² - 1

⇒y + 1 = (x + 1)2

Taking square root on both sides

⇒±√(y + 1) = x + 2

⇒x = -2 ± √(y + 1)

⇒f(y) = -2 ± √(y + 1)
It will be function only when either
f(y) = - 2 - √(y + 1) or -2 + √(y + 1)
Is inverse of f(x).

We know, range of inverse of

f(x) = domain of f(x).

So, for large domain, range of inverse of f(x) must be large.

If we choose function

f(y) = -2 - √(y + 1)

Domain y ≥ -1

⇒√(y + 1) ≥ 0

⇒-2 - √(y + 1) ≤ - 2

So, range of inverse of

f(x) ≤ -2

But if we choose

f(y) = -2 + √(y + 1)

So, range of

f(y) ≥ -2

So, for domain of

f(x) ≥ -2

Inverse of f is also a function.

Therefore the largest possible domain is [-2, ∞)

 Question N0 4

Explain how the graph of y = a sin(bx + theta) changes for different values of a, b and thet.

Solution:

We are going to examine the graph of y = a sin (bx + ϴ). First, we will begin by looking at the
graph of y = a sin (bx + c) where a = 1, b = 0, and ϴ = 0.

Let's first look at the different characteristics of the graph y = sin x. The graph passes through
the origin (0, 0). The graph is continuous along the x-axis and reaches a highest value of 1 and
a lowest value of -1 on the y-axis. It also appears that the graph repeats itself once it reaches a
certain point on the x-axis. We can correlate this information to what we know about the sine
function. The domain of the sine function is all real numbers, while the range is [-1,1]. The sine
function is called a periodic function because it repeats itself over intervals which are called
periods. If we say that the cycle starts at the origin (0,0), then we can see from the graph that
the cycle repeats itself when x is just greater than 6. The actual point at which the cycle repeats
itself is (2p,0). So, the period of the graph y = sin x is 2p. Comparing the graph y = sin x to the
graph y = a sin (bx + c), we can see that there seems to be some differences in the graphs
when a, b, and c are changed. Next we are going to see how the graph is affected when we
change the ‘a’, but leave the b and c constant. Let's take a look at the graph of y = a sin (bx
+ c), where a = 1/2, 1, and 2, b = 1, and c = 0.

Graph representing line blue, red and green the values of ‘a’ for ½, 1 and 2 respectively.
Clearly we can see the affect ‘a’ has on the graph y = a sin (bx + c). When 0 < a < 1, the
amplitude of the graph decreases, causing the slopes of the graph to appear more "flat".
When a > 1, the amplitude of the graph increases, causing the slopes of the graph to appear
more "steep". This shows that changing the ‘a’ affects the amplitude of the graph. We can also
note that all three graphs have the common points (0,0), (p,0), (2p,0), and (3p,0). What happens
when we make a negative? One hypothesis is that it will cause the graph to reflect across the
x-axis. Let's see if we are correct.

Graph representing line blue, red and green the values of ‘b’ for ½, 1 and 2 respectively.

It looks as though our hypothesis was correct. Changing the ‘a’ from positive to negative
reflects the graph across the x-axis. And if you compare the previous two graphs, the magnitude
of the amplitude is the absolute value of a. The range of the function does not change when the
sign of a is changed. Now that we have seen the affect of changing a, let's take a look at what
happens to the graph when b is changed, while ‘a’ and c are left constant. Below is the graph y
= a sin (bx + c) where b = 1/2, 1, and 2, a = 1, and c = 0

Again, our hypothesis was correct. The periods stayed the same when we changed b from
positive to negative. However, the graph reflected across the x-axis. So, we can further
generalize the formula for the period to (2p / |b|) where |b| is the absolute value of b. So, what
happens when we change c while leaving ‘a’ and b constant? Let's graph y = a sin (bx + c)
where c = -2, -1, 0, 1, and 2, a = 1, and b = 1.

Graph representing line blue, red, green, purple and Firozi the values of ‘c’ for -2, -1, 0, 1 and
2 respectively

When we change c, we change the phase shift of the graph. In other words, we are shifting the
graph along the horizontal axis. Notice on the graph y = sin x, the graph passes through the
origin (0,0). Then the graph crosses the x-axis at (p,0). When we make c positive, we move the
graph to the left c units. So the graph y = sin (x + 1) is shifted 1 unit to the left. It passes through
(-1,0) and (p - 1,0). Likewise, when we make c negative, we move the graph to the right c units.
So the graph y = sin (x - 1) is shifted 1 unit to the right. It passes through (1,0) and (p + 1,0).
Unlike a and b, making c positive or negative does not reflect it across the x-axis. It only shifts
the graph left or right c units.
Now that we have examined what happens to the graph y = a sin (bx + c) when a, b, and c are
changed, is there any way to affect the vertical change? What if we add a fourth variable, d,
that gives us the equation y = a sin (bx + c) + d? Let's take a look at the graph y = a sin (bx + c)
+ d where d = -2, -1, 0, 1, and 2, a = 1, b = 1, and c = 0.

Graph representing line blue, red, green, purple and Firozi the values of‘d’ for -2, -1, 0, 1 and
2 respectively

As you can see from the graphs above, changing d does, in fact, affect the vertical change.
Making d positive moves the graph up d units, while making d negative moves the graph
down d units.

To conclude, when examining the graph y = a sin (bx + c), a affects the amplitude, b affects
the period, and c affects the phase shift. If we add a fourth variable d, it affects the vertical
change.
 Question No 5

The hyperbola is given by equation 4x2 – 9y2 + 32x + 54y – 53 = 0. Find the coordinates of
the center, the foci, the eccentricity and the asymptotes of the hyperbola

The standard form for equation of hyperbola is

For horizontal Hyperbola

(𝑥 − ℎ)2 (𝑦 − 𝑘)2
− =1
𝑎2 𝑏2

For vertical Hyperbola

(𝑦 − 𝑘)2 (𝑥 − ℎ)2
− =1
𝑎2 𝑏2

Now change the given equation into standard form

4x2 – 9y2 + 32x + 54y – 53 = 0

4x2 + 32x – 9y2 + 54y = 53

Add 82 and subtract 92 on both sides to make complete squares on L.H.S

4x2 + 32x + 82 – 9y2 + 54y - 92= 53 + 82 - 92

(4x2 + 32x + 82) – (9y2 - 54y + 92) = 36

4(x2 + 2(4)x + 16) – 9(y2 – 2(3)y +9) = 36

As (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2 and (a – b)2 = a2 - 2ab + b2

We can write above equation as

4(x + 4)2 – 9(y – 3)2 = 36

Now divide both sides with 36 to convert the R.H.S to 1

4(𝑥 + 4)2 − 9(𝑦 − 3)2

=1
36
 (𝑥 + 4)2 (𝑦 − 3)2
− =1
32 22

(𝑥 + 4)2 (𝑦 − 3)2
− =1
9 4

The above equation is standard form of horizontal hyperbola as its first term contains x

Center of Hyperbola
Center of hyperbola is given as (h, k)
By comparing our equation with standard equation of a hyperbola we get

(x – h) = (x + 4) (y – v) = (y – 3)
h = -4 v=3

Thus center of hyperbola is (-4, 3)

Foci of Hyperbola
We will use the formula
a2 + b2 = F2
By comparing our equation with standard equation of a hyperbola we get

a2 = 9 and b2 = 4

Putting the values of a2 and b2 in above formula

 9 + 4 = F2

F2 = 13
F = 3.6, -3.6

Here F is the distance from the center to the foci along the transverse axis
Coordinates of foci in a horizontal hyperbola are given as
(h + F, k) and (h – F , k)

Thus, foci are given as points

(-4+3.6, 3) and (-4-3.6, 3)

(-0.4, 3) and (-7.6 , 3)

Eccentricity of Hyperbola
The eccentricity of hyperbola is always greater than 1 and given by formula

𝑒 = √𝑎2 + 𝑏2 / 𝑎

𝑒 = √9 + 4 / 13

e= /3

e = 3.6 / 3

e = 1.2

Asymptotes
The formula of asymptotes of a horizontal hyperbola is

𝑏 𝑏
𝑦=𝑘+ (𝑥 − ℎ) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 𝑘 − (𝑥 − ℎ)
𝑎 𝑎

By putting values in the formula we get

2 2
y=3+ (x − 4) and y = 3 − (x − 4)
3 3

2x 8 2x 8
y = 3+ + and y = 3 − −
3 3 3 3

2x 17 1 2x
y= + and y = −
3 3 3 3