NAME DESCRIPTION INDICATION CONTRAINDICATION ADVERSE REACTION SPECIAL CONSIDERATION

DEXTROSE 50%    Hypoglycemia  There are no Warmth, pain, pregnancy safety: NA 
Class  The term dextrose Altered level of significant burning from Draw blood sample
Carbohydrate, is used to describe consciousness  contraindications medication before administration if
hypertonic solution  the six-carbon Coma of unknown for IV infusion, possible. 
sugar d-glucose, etiology  administration of thrombophlebitis, Use blood-glucose
the principal form of Seizure of 50% dextrose in rhabdomyositis  reagent strips (Dextrostix)
carbohydrate used unknown etiology  emergency care.  or glucometer before
by the body. D50 is Refractory cardiac administration if possible. 
used in emergency arrest Extravasation may cause
care to treat (controversial)  tissue necrosis; use a
hypoglycemia and large vein and aspirate
to manage coma of occasionally to ensure
unknown origin.  route patency. 
D50 sometimes
precipitates severe
neurological symptoms
(Wernicke's
encephalopathy) in
thiamine-deficient
patients such as
alcoholics. (This can be
prevented by
administering 100 mg of
thiamine, IV.) 
DRUG NAME INDICATION MECHANISM OF CONTRAINDICATION ADVERSE EFFECTS NURSING
ACTION RESPONSIBILITIES
AMINOPHYLLINE To prevent and Aminophylline is a Hypersensitivity to CNS: Nervousness,  Monitor for S&S
(theophylline relieve symptoms of salt of theophylline xanthine derivatives restlessness, of toxicity
ethylenediamide) acute bronchial with effects similar to or to depression, insomnia, (generally related
(am-in-off'i-lin) asthma and those of other ethylenediamine irritability, headache, to theophylline
treatment of xanthines (e.g., component; cardiac dizziness, muscle serum levels over
Corophyllin , bronchospasm caffeine and arrhythmias. Safety hyperactivity, 20 mg/mL).
Paladron , associated with theobromine). Action during pregnancy convulsions. CV: Observe patients
Phyllocontin, chronic bronchitis is dependent on (category C) or Cardiac arrhythmias, receiving
Somophyllin, and emphysema. theophylline content lactation is not tachycardia (with parenteral drug
Somophyllin-DF, (approximately 80%) established rapid IV), closely for signs of
Truphylline and is measured as hyperventilation, hypotension,
theophylline in the chest pain, severe arrhythmias, and
Classifications: serum. hypotension, cardiac convulsions until
BRONCHODILATOR arrest. GI: Nausea, serum theophylline
(RESPIRATORY vomiting, anorexia, stabilizes within
SMOOTH MUSCLE hematemesis, the therapeutic
RELAXANT); diarrhea, epigastric range.
XANTHINE pain  Note: High
incidence of
toxicity is
associated with
rectal suppository
use due to erratic
rate of absorption.
 Monitor & record
vital signs and I&O.
A sudden, sharp,
unexplained rise in
heart rate may
indicate toxicity.
 Lab tests:
Monitor serum
theophylline levels.
 Note: Older
adults, acutely ill,
and patients with
severe respiratory
problems, liver
dysfunction, or
pulmonary edema
are at greater risk
of toxicity due to
reduced drug
clearance.
 Note: Children
appear more
susceptible to CNS
stimulating effects
of xanthines
(nervousness,
restlessness,
insomnia,
hyperactive
reflexes, twitching,
convulsions).
Dosage reduction
may be indicated.
DRUG NAME INDICATION MECHANISM OF ACTION CONTRAINDICATION ADVERSE EFFECTS NURSING
RESPONSIBILITIES
MANNITOL Acute oliguric renal In the oliguric phase of Susceptibility Dehydration
failure acute renal failure, Dehydration Anuria
Brand Name: Osmitrol, Toxic overdose Mannitol increases Intracranial bleeding
Resectisol Edema osmotic Headache
Classification: Osmotic Increased intracranial pressure (pressure Blurred vision
Diuretic pressure (ICP) needed to stop the Nausea and vomiting
Intraocular pressure absorption of something or Volume expansion
(IOP) osmosis) of the glumerular Chest pain
filtrate, thereby,promoting Pulmonary edema
diuresis (treating the Thirst
oliguric phase of renal Tachycardia
failure) and excretes toxic Hypokalemia (increases
materials(management for the risk of digoxin
toxic overdose). toxicity)
It also elevates Chronic renal failure
blood plasma osmolalit
y thus, inhibiting the
reabsorption of water
and electrolytes (for
relief of edema)
and mobilizing fluids
in the cerebral and
ocular spaces(lowers
intracranial or
intraocular pressure).
DRUG NAME INDICATION MECHANISM OF CONTRAINDICATION SIDE EFFECTS NURSING
ACTION RESPONSIBILITIES