ARTICLE KF-3

FABRICATION REQUIREMENTS FOR MATERIALS

WITH PROTECTIVE LININGS

KF-300 SCOPE KF-303 400 Series Alloy Filler Metals

This Article applies to materials with protective 400 Series alloy filler metals are not permitted when
linings that are applied by integral cladding or weld the filler metal is welded to the base metal.
overlaying. Prestressed liners which are considered part
of the shell for strength purposes are not covered by
this Article (see Article KF-8).
KF-310 QUALIFICATION OF WELDING
PROCEDURES
KF-301 Types of Joints Permitted The specification of the welding procedure that is
proposed to be followed in clad, weld overlaid or lined
The types of joints and welding procedures used construction shall be recorded in detail.
shall be such as to minimize the formation of brittle
weld composition by the mixture of metals of corrosion-
resistant alloy and base material.1 KF-311 Procedure to Be Qualified Per Section
IX

KF-302 Weld Metal Composition
Welds that are exposed to the corrosive action of
the contents of the vessel should have resistance to
corrosion that is not substantially less than that of
the corrosion-resistant integral or weld metal overlay
cladding or lining. The use of filler metal that will
deposit weld metal with practically the same composi-
tion as the material joined is recommended. Weld metal
of different composition may be used provided it has
better mechanical properties in the opinion of the
Manufacturer, and the User is satisfied that its resistance
to corrosion is satisfactory for the intended service. The
columbium content of columbium-stabilized austenitic
stainless steel weld metal shall not exceed 1.00% except
when a higher content is permitted in the material
being welded.
1 Because of the different coefficients of thermal expansion of dissimi-
lar metals, caution should be exercised in design and construction
under provisions of these paragraphs in order to avoid difficulties
in service under extreme temperature conditions or with unusual
restraint of parts such as may occur at points of stress concentration.
All weld procedures associated with protective liners
shall be qualified in accordance with the provisions of
Section IX, QW-217.
KF-312 Qualification of Procedure for
Attaching Linings
(a) Each welding procedure to be used for attaching
lining material to the base material shall be qualified
on lining attachment welds made in the form and
arrangement to be used in construction and with materi-
als that are within the ranges of chemical composition
of the materials to be used, respectively, for the base
material, the linings, and the weld metal.
(b) Welds shall be made in each of the positions
defined in Section IX, QW-120 that are to be used in
construction. One specimen from each position to be
qualified shall be sectioned, polished, and etched to
show clearly the demarcation between the fusion zone
and the base metal.
(c) For the procedure to qualify, the specimen shall
show, under visual examination without magnification,

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KF-312 1998 SECTION VIII — DIVISION 3
complete fusion and complete freedom from cracks in
the fusion zone and in the heat-affected metal.
KF-313 Requirements for Composite Welds
KF-313.1 Procedure Qualification for Groove
Welds in Base Material With Corrosion-Resistant
Integral Cladding or Weld Metal Overlay. The re-
quirements in Section IX, QW-217 for procedure quali-
fication shall be followed. The procedure for groove
welds may be qualified as in KF-311, or the weld in
the base joint or cladding joint may be qualified individ-
ually in accordance with the rules in Section IX.
KF-313.2 Performance Qualification for Compos-
ite Welds. The requirements in Section IX, QW-310 and
KF-313.1 or KF-313.3 shall be followed for performance
qualification.
KF-313.3 Test Plates for Composite Welds. Per-
formance qualification tests shall be made in accordance
with Section IX by preparing test material from integral
clad or weld overlay material having the same P-
Numbers in QW-422 as that of the base material.
Integral or weld metal overlay cladding materials to
be used in the test shall have the same F-Number in
QW-432 as the filler metal that will be used in construc-
tion. When the integral clad or weld metal overlay
material is not listed in QW-422, qualification shall be
made on the same grade as used in the vessel. Heat
treatment is not required but is permitted if the welder’s
work on construction is to be heat treated. The following
conditions shall also be met. A section cut from the
test material perpendicular to the welding direction and
properly prepared and etched shall show no lack of
fusion longer than 1⁄8 in. (3.2 mm). The total length
of unfused cladding shall not exceed 10% of the length
of the test material perpendicular to the direction of
welding.
KF-320 INTEGRALLY CLAD MATERIALS
A shear test shall demonstrate a minimum shear
strength of 20,000 psi (138 MPa) for integral clad
materials.
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KF-341
KF-330 POSTWELD HEAT TREATMENT
OF LININGS
KF-331 When Base Metal Must Be Postweld
Heat Treated2
Vessels or parts of vessels constructed of an integrally
clad material or weld metal overlay shall be postweld
heat treated when the base material is required to be
postweld heat treated. In applying these rules, the
determining thickness shall be the total thickness of
base material. When the thickness of the base material
requires postweld heat treatment, it shall be performed
after the application of weld metal overlay or clad
restoration.
KF-332 Requirements When Base Metal or
Lining Is Chromium-Alloy Steel
Vessels or parts of vessels constructed of chromium-
alloy stainless steel cladded base material and those
lined with chromium-alloy stainless steel applied linings
shall be postweld heat treated in all thicknesses, except
that vessels clad or lined with Type 405 or Type 410S
and welded with an austenitic electrode or non-air-
hardening nickel–chromium–iron electrode need not be
postweld heat treated unless required by KF-331.
KF-333 Heat Treatment That May Affect
Vessel Stress Redistribution
The Manufacturer shall ensure and document, in
accordance with KG-323(d), that any heat treatment
given to a vessel or vessel part does not adversely
affect the stress distribution required by Articles KD-
5, 8, 9, and 10. In addition, for layered or autofrettaged
vessels, the Manufacturer shall meet the requirements
for heat treatment given in KF-830 or KF-540(b), as
applicable.
KF-340 EXAMINATION REQUIREMENTS
KF-341 Examination of Base Materials
Protected by Welded Overlay
The examination required by the rules in Article
KE-3 shall be made after the joint, including the
corrosion-resistant layer, is complete. The examination
2 Postweld heat treatment temperatures may be in the carbide precipita-
tion range for unstabilized austenitic chromium–nickel steel, as well
as within the range where a sigma phase may form. Improper
treatment could result in material of inferior physical properties and
inferior corrosion resistance and could result in the ultimate failure
of the vessel.
KF-341 PART KF — FABRICATION REQUIREMENTS
may be made on the weld in the base material before
the alloy cover weld is deposited, provided the following
requirements are met:
(a) the thickness of the base material at the welded
joint is not less than that required by the design
calculation;
(b) the corrosion-resistant alloy weld deposit is non-
air-hardening;
(c) the completed alloy weld deposit is examined
by any method that will detect cracks in accordance
with KE-233.
KF-342 Examination of Chromium-Alloy
Cladding Overlay
The joints between chromium-alloy cladding overlay
or loose liner sheets shall be examined for cracks as
follows.
KF-342.1 Straight Chromium-Alloy Filler Metal
(a) Joints welded with straight chromium-alloy filler
metal shall be examined throughout their full length.
Chromium-alloy welds in continuous contact with the
welds in the base metal shall be examined in accordance
with Article KE-3.
(b) Liner welds that are attached to the base metal,
but merely cross the seams in the base metal, shall be
examined in accordance with KE-334.
KF-342.2 Austenitic Chromium–Nickel Steel Filler
Metal. Joints welded with austenitic chromium–nickel
steel filler metal or non-air-hardening nickel–chro-
mium–iron filler metal shall be dye penetrant examined
139
KF-360
over their entire length per KE-334 and spot UT
examined over 10% of their length in accordance with
Article KE-3.
KF-350 INSPECTION AND TESTS
KF-351 General Requirements
The rules in the following paragraphs shall be used
in conjunction with the general requirements for inspec-
tion in Part KE, and for testing in Part KE that pertain
to the method of fabrication used.
KF-352 Leak Test of Protective Lining
A test for pressure tightness of the protective lining
that will be appropriate for the intended service is
recommended, but the details of the test shall be
a matter for agreement between the User and the
Manufacturer. The test should not damage the load-
carrying baseplate. When rapid corrosion of the base
material is to be expected from contact with the contents
of the vessel, particular care should be taken in devising
and executing the leak test.
KF-360 STAMPING AND REPORTS
The provisions for stamping and reports in Part KS
shall apply to vessels that are constructed of integral
clad, weld metal overlay, or protective liners and shall
include the specification and type of lining material.
This information shall be included in the Manufacturer’s
Data Reports.