The nations within Britain Reamer, = > neigh LoApON ee Viking helmet 22 COUNTRIES The UK ‘The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Norther Ireland’ i the union of England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland, These were four separate natior Ireland is now once again independent) People in the UK are offal called British but most people born in Great Britain state their national fdentityjas English, Scottish, Irish or Welsh. mest of Discovering the past ‘Abou 2,00 years ago the Bath Isles were inhabited by the Cel, who orignal came from central ‘Europe. The Romans came from Italy in AD 43 and ‘gave Britain its name (Britannia), Starting from the 5 century AD, missionaries fom Rome brought ‘Christianity into the British Iles, The Anges and Saxons came from Gemany, Denmark andthe Netherland inthe 5 century, and England fet its name frm them (Anglland or the ‘Land af the Angles). The Vikings artived from Denmark and Norway during the 9® century, and in 1066 the Normanfiawadedfrom France. The vases] dove the Celts into what snow Wales (Gyan in Wes) and Scotland (Albin Gael) and they emained, ofcourse, in Treland (Eire in Kish ‘The Engh, on the other hand, are the SCE] afl he invaders, bu ate more Anglo-Saxon than anything ele For centuries Roman Catholics has been Treands principal eligi, After the Reformation, while the English, the Welsh and liter, the Scots BEETS] Protestantism, the Irih remained Cathlic, and Catholics became covey asocisted wth ish tutionasm andfesstancefo British ue “These various origins explain many ofthe dfeences between England, Wales, Scotland and Ireland, sucha ciferences in education, religion legal tems and, cbviousy, in language Language ‘The language ofthe Celts survives today in the form ‘of Welsh, Scdtish Gadi and Irish Gadi, About 20% ofall Welsh people speak Welsh ~ or G Scottish Gaelic and Irish Gaelic ate sil spoken, and are now offically encouraged and taught in schools. English developed from Anglo-Saxon and is a Germanic language. However, cue 1 the Norman French influence, there are many words cof French origin in English, Nowadays English is ‘the offiial language inthe UK but al the countries have thee on special accents and dialects, and thei people are easily recognizable as soon as they speak Devolution Devolution is the setting up of anecteThegional Gassembld whose powers are carefully and clearly by national government. These powers doen icons of four nations: England, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland ot usually includefER9 collection, the contol of the emedTorcal or foreign Policy decisions, Such issues ae controlled bya central government [roland and Wiles decided in favour fof devolution in referendums which were held in 997, Thisled tothe creation of a Parliament and Executive for Scotland and an Assembly for Wale, The Norther Ireland Assembly was WBualished as pat of the Belfast Agreement HUBERY Scorland has afuide rangdof posers fncuding health, education, justice [ral and transport Wiles can only make Sccondary Tegalation eluting to local mateers In Northern Irland, the local Assembly and Executive have full legislative and executive power over finance and personne, agriculture, education, health and social services, economic development and environment 1 Adapted fom Iau swine co even bm "caLAND Pa cTviTies WARMING UP How much do you know about the UK today? Workin groups. Choose two ofthe topic areas below and using geography books and an atts or te Internet write text of approximately 200 words about tern [100 wore for each topic, Report back orali to your class, The history ofthe country’s name The capital and oer major cities Palites P arephy lim Economy Religion nd population READ AND FIND, Read the texts on these payes and find the fltowng information, Where the Celts onginaly came from. The origin ofthe rane ‘itan Who brought Christianity inte the British isles and when, 10. 1. The meaning of ‘England! Where the language ofthe Celts stil survives today. The reason wiy there are many words cof French origin in English, The itlerences between England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. way the tlerent peoples ofthe UK ca be recognized, What was decided through the 1997 referendums, ‘The dat of the Belfast Agreement GUESSING GAME Play witha partner. Look atthe 11 icons. Wht are they? Which of the four nations ‘ofthe UK does each icon represent? Why? Wiite down your uesses. Then check with your teacher. You receive 1 point for each correct answer. Example: Number 18... think isan¥ Ne AU ICaNN Cele hH Ieee The Cotswolds, Oxfordshire. eo oni [ostelarmiand an vilageshestledin hidden valleys ‘Apestct image of he tines Gas Street Basin, Birmingham. The ol indstial canal an boat mecrgs have become a setting forthe new ecnary Now nancial and aint sevice lean Donan stand of Dunan) tall and lesue atte canbe found bere Lach* Duch, Scottish Hightands’. Despite huran activity, the Highlands have retained an aif primal beauty. mystery and grandeur that inspires artists and visitors who come fro al over the wardgare ty, but the have wate i he yun ofa stately The colours ae btext ala is cut of pace ies Future Snowdonia Nationa Park, Wales. Here we can see the tal silouette of win tubine Agathe blue skies, Wind farms" area fest: grown clean energy source in Britain ACTIVITIES WoRDS Find the fllowing adjectives inthe texts and match them with the noun they refer to ‘fast-growing + exquisite hidden ‘ert + industrial + primat + rural ‘Timeless = tiny + tranguit (Choose @ adjectives from the lst above and use each of them to make a sentence. waite The photos provide examples othe diversi that canbe ourdin the British landscape. Which one tract you mest? Why? Write 2 detailed description of the scene in which You say why yeu tiki about 200 words DISCUSS AND SPEAK Look at picture & showing a wind farm. Read the following sentences. Decide if they are for F or against A wind farms as an energy source ‘The cooing towers ‘of Agecrott Powe tation, Agecoft was coal firepower tation nee Manchest Iwas loses in 198 and demolished to make way fora prison, People inthe future may ever hraw that this place was once the centre cof an extracinry ch industial ite and cute Wind is not afisite resource FA ach one can generate the same level af nose asa family car traveling at 70 mph FOR 3. Wind farms donot create waste products or pollution, FA Wind farms distigure the countryside FA 5. Thelargest single turbine available today provides enough electricity for 475 homes. FAR 6. Wind turbines can be dangerous toanimalsliketirds andbats. FA Wind farms pay fr themsebes within 3 months of installation interms ofthe energy produced. FA Wind turbines come in diferent sizes s0.can be used by single households, small tovns and villages, FA Find out more information about wind farms using the Internet and other resources. Have a class discussion and debate about wind farms as an energy source. Take apo and decide demacaticaly the position ofthe lass on this issueThe basis of a modern state 2. Magna Carta [1215], King John Under King Jot he GRA. ob's edit ation of was considered tobe unreliable. |n 1215 2 group of barons demanded a charter of iberties as 2 safeguard aganst he nngsfaraivayetavor he barons took up ams apanst anand ongueed honda MayAN9 In Jue both partes mel and held TEOpTaTONat Runnymede bythe ner Thames The agreements reached ‘at Runnymede became known 2h at tio 6 Grea Cae Magna Cata is often thought tobe the fundtion-stne of liberty andthe ET TEND ais ara] and unjust ule in England, It established forthe fist time avery significant principle, namely thatthe king's per was no anger absolut, and he was no anger above the Ln, 1. Murder in the Cathedral, Henry II Henry Uist ofthe Angevn® kings. was one ofthe mos effective tf all England's monarchs. He refomed the country’ financial, juiil and aéminisative syste Henry also reduced the privileges of thle but nso doing entered into conic with is close fiend Thomas Becket, Archtshop of Cantertuy*, Becket was murdered inhisctheral because he refused ta allow the clergy to be judged under royal law TW centuy 2 r 4) 1066 1154-1189, m2 1199-1216 1215 hi ante 26 COUNTRIES Were 1509-1547 | 1534B. Act of Supremacy, Henry Vill Bey Vil is koown asa tyrannical ue. [iti yeas 1882-4 alone he cdered 30 Boia executions, However, he enjoyeqiET=E font wth is subjects. When he was young Deas god loking and cout be charming and affectionate and tok areal nterest in ater peor. Ashe grew olde bis character hardened He was Iie 2 god musician, nd Bosse brary If alost thousand backs, which he certainly ead a he made notes allover them, Ding bis Loaignery Vil estatlsted ‘ae efficient centralised state and gained contol er the Church "Retr Supremacy mage Hey Vit up ‘ofthe Church of England and separates ‘vom the Roan Catholic Church The break mith Rone wes huge OO toProtstnts in Erland oisse-r603 | 1564-1616 | 1588 IG p The Spanish Armada, Elizabeth | Ding the eign of Elizabeth | there was vty between Spain and England ove the conto ot Pili of Spain decided to put an end to English attacks by 2 The Spnish Amada was a huge 3. nas, battle, the English detested the Spanish mata With te defeat ofthe Spanish Armada England became 5. ACTIVITIE woros What ba Read captions 1-3 that go with the pictures and match the following pairs of adjectives and nouns with the characters they eer to io What wast fone eect break with Rome unreliable administration of justice effective monarch absolute po efficent state arbitrary beravow Lok at picture D Listen and complete READ AND WRITE — Read captions 1-3 again and write answers themselves? foie long genoa os tcl)? Thomas Becket lileness!? ria establish 4, (HB LISTEN AND ANSWER Learn more about Henry Vil’ personality Listen to Henry Vil’ s Good Company and answer the questions LISTEN AND COMPLETE a You can read the lyrics ofthe 00g on pages 146-147 ng people should enjoy o ou think he appSECTION Of parliament land ha eve been [SEHTEREEo death efor tis. When the executioner raised the king's head aoe the crowd everybody ke thet pariament had won NITS 01TI King Chars I belive in theivine ro gs dhe thoghe tha kings were appointed by Parliament ted to limit his owe, but Charlesdissalvedhe assembly and for clever. yeas ul parla. This was called the‘ Pesca Rule’ (1629-1640), The mores] Protestants ct Puritans, eared that Cares planned to emenehis peoples 3. 0 ‘bert and to restore the Califa] Then, in 164, the Catholics of Trend rose up in arms, Kling any hunted of Protests who had sce in he cunty.The caved icin England. Chades and piament ould not agre and England began to divide into two armed caps. Cl War berven the supporters ofthe king, | andthe suppers of patient, broke out in 162 Patent had an ay called New Mode Amy” nade up of profesional fsciined ‘Model Army leby Over Cronwe, the royalists. King Charles was taken four ig sexenced 0 death and beheaded en 7 encary 168. Monarchy wale England bene fiver Cromellcnshed thereblionsin rdand and Saland and brought them under Engh ool. In (Cromwell, as the ‘Lord Protector’, dismissed patament and established altar dictatorship Caled he ‘Commonweal’ In 16 he monarchy tvs resored. The confit beeen parlaent and king was ste in 1689 th the ‘Gloss Reston when the Bil of ih Act pt an end tothe concept ofthe tight ofkings tie ot | TeGloous Blof its prohibiting abiteary suspension of parhament fests pore] Fes a cof members manted fee and fie of partament. The Act so guaranteed the ofl pech of members of parament and made th{impeston of exces nee cru punishments The two basic principles of Britain's democracy the supremacy of andthe ue ofa had been estaba MAcTIVITIES READ AND WRITE Read The rise of arlamentary democracy and filkn the missing words from the Uist below. ‘Then check your answers with partner divine 653 elections dom» God legal + parliament + parlarentaans + prisoner + republic sights | Tales + soldiers without Gif READ AND ANSWER | Read The is of paramentry democracy again and wit answers othe felling aueston. What was called the ‘Personal Rule”? What did the Puntan fear? Wat happened in 1641? What was the New Model Ary"? What id Cromel do in 16537 What happened in 1689? What id the Bill of Rights state? What are the two basic principles of Britain's demacracy? WRITE Work in pairs. Wit four sentences about the political history of your country. Read the sentences tthe class and compile = class factsheetWid NI Rule Britannia 1 cantry 1769 patent 30 COUNTRIES Ww 170-1780 James Coks feeerietl EUROPE: UK Winds of change 1805 rato Nelson defeats 107 free 1839 Aden | Geage acy kt CH Bitish | Slpterson—_restictewok © (thestan —andefilden locate Alslavestet in te rts \ i The working class ‘The 18°-19° century was the period inion nt ta et pete ann Ep tg ings ane ef von ried tin ints pede th at fects ol canted seat potty gh pala elo rated ad pt en races epn coy oe Arb one te ron ese ste bed claxedeetnolp Apes of etn tok inrarypatel te Teeny loa et py inp ey pl tapes, Arwen ds ene tein dass Ae ye teed et far ast fresravor | 1059 eG iting UEEN cf the n | WOTORA Ste Canal Uirking Eup othe ast and wee apa to ao tie canta ith this enployer ca e-t-oe tsi wich laced theemploe ata tray. (ny ova the ii ofthe 19° contury were wrk suits. xt, Then tad lator rion mere ured ae political ates presenting the abou movement emerged sa consequence patent posed ‘ats afesirg the wt excesses inthe atric tbo eon ‘heageo rete was torn nigh shifts fr wen wer ane and asic safety andar finds ver estab In 160 ection borane campus for chien under ten Fe 150 omar labo uns eran the hu wing dy. Oe ements ince nee ada sutage the vt ad fee Sundays. 1070 fda et jan Tae urn ae egal AL hen rust goteschal