Objectives: At the end of 30 hrs lecture, the students will be able to: + Define terms related to the concept; «identify the normal structure & function of the cell; « differentiate the normal cell fromthe cancer cell; «identify factors that contribute to CA development;«discuss the different stages of CA development; « differentiate between benign & malignant tumor; « describe the significance of health education & preventive care in lowering the incidence of cancer; «recognize the importance of identifying the different laboratory examinations & treatments and the corresponding nursing management; b«+ Describe briefly the CA involving the specific site or organ in the body; «describe common nursing diagnoses & collaborative problems of patients w/ CA; «describe the role of the nurse in assessment & management of common oncologic emergencies.Pain & Death CA Nurse = support patient & family through a wide range of physical, emotional, social, cultural, & spiritual crisesCancer - medical term : MALIGNANT NEOPLASM - a disease process whereby cells proliferate abnormally, ignoring- regulating signals in the environment surrounding cells. :Estimated Leading New Cancer Cases, Both Sexes (2015) & . Breast . Lung . Colon/Rectum . Liver . Prostate . Leukemia . Thyroid . Stomach 1 2 3 4 5. Cervix/Uteri 6 7 8 9 10.OvaryDefinition of Terms . ‘White blood cel Aberrant Cellular Growth @ - It is an alteration in@hey gor which occurs when the cells esca growth and differentiation. 6 Apoptosis - programmed ~ Cyst ‘ 4 b ; - Aclosed sac having emibrane and developing abnormally in a body structure.>> Chromatin conensanci Cell Membrane blebbing e t... collapse Apoptotic body formationMetastasis Cancer spreads to other parts of the body ieee - Greek: NEO “new” —-Plasia “growth of tissue Se Mic i WBC MO lege Mile oloale un Waele surrounding structures and hasno physiologic purpose. 3 - — orn oe (te Ttet lle) ls} a" a . Peet eh ray of £A or malignant tumor arising from Stel Cells. ( In Greek “Epi” means, ‘on, upon," Ee leM Le mate eastes] ue cea a Nek Bere Bett Meio ett k ed ea EOL - Amass.of new tissue that grows independently of its SE Bre tear cae ane Core eal Te — aera) ~ ~ - Yen of CA or malignant tum usa Wenlen (In Greek “Epi” means, on, upon,” and "Theli” meaning "tissue.“) rele : Saat Wel emr-tsceue ames rea 0 nMOlm ean Lert cae solid neoplasmProto-oncogenes - These are ign forms of esec r some ie ar function: cially g d development. ; - - Norm ar genes that are important re ‘mal cellular processes.Proto-oncogenes appear to be normal genes | Behavior may be altered D/T Incorporation of Mutation physical or retrovirus Chemical carcinogen * a Transformation * | oncogeneDifferentiation extent to w/c tissue cells resemble - nor al: cells Progression - phenomenon by wie malignancies attain their function slowly. Neoplastic Progression Ph oe - Worsening of the cell’s biologiéal potential, with the passage of time none, becomes more. « malignant. : Carcinoma in Situ - Neoplasm which remains confined on thd tite of origin. 4Cellular Adaptive Process Differentiation - cells are transformed into different and more specialized cell types as they proliferate from a single stem cell It determines: ‘What cell will look ike? How tt will function? How long will it live? 1. Hyperplasia 2. Metaplasia 3. Dysplasia 4. AnaplasiaHyperplasia Increase in number of cells _fMetaplasia ell with other Hypertrophy Dysplasia in size of cells Deranged cell growthSa s =Contact Inhibition - ceasation of growth ones the cell comes in contact with another cell. It switches off cell growth by blocking the synthesis of DNA, RNA & CHON. Cell Proliferation - is well regulated - process by which multiply and bear offspring Contact inhibition (Colts toom singie ager Calis removed. Inyer a repated. cMoni Types of cells according to their \/" ability to undergo Seta regeneration: . iL Bal skin, Gl, bone marrow © ne 2. Stable - nerve & heart muscle cells 3. Permanent or Fixed - neur