MODULE 6: LITERAL INTERPRETATION AND DEPARTURE THEREFROM

A. Literal Interpretation
I. Verba Legis
1. TRADE AND INVESTMENT DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION OF THE PHILIPPINES v. CIVIL
SERVICE COMMISSION, G.R. No. 182249, March 5, 2013 (Application of the rule)

II. Dura lex sed lex

1. OLYMPIO REVALDO v. PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, G.R. No. 170589, April 16, 2009
2. ARNEL SAGANA v. RICHARD A. FRANCISCO, G.R. No.161952, October 2, 2009

B. Departure from literal interpretation

I. Statutes must be capable of interpretation
1. MIRIAM DEFENSOR-SANTIAGO v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 127325, March 19, 1997

II. Ratio legis et anima

1. RODOLFO G. NAVARRO v. EXECUTIVE SECRETARY EDUARDO ERMITA, G.R. No. 180050, April
12, 2011

2. ATONG PAGLAUM, INC. v. COMMISSION ON ELECTIONS, G.R. No. 203766, April 2, 2013

III. Literal import must yield to intent

1. AUTOMOTIVE PARTS & EQUIPMENT COMPANY v. JOSE B. LINGAD, G.R. No. L-26406, October
31, 1969

2. UNITED STATES v. TORIBIO, 15 Phil. 85 (1910)

3. SY TIONG SHIOU v. SY CHIM and FELICIDAD CHAN SY, G.R. No. 174168, March 30, 2009

IV. Cessante ratione legis, cessat et ipsa lex

1. B/GEN. JOSE COMENDADOR v. GEN. RENATO S. DE VILLA, G.R. No. 93177, August 2, 1991

V. Supplying legislative omission

1. GOVERNOR RODOLFO C. FARINAS v. MAYOR ANGELO M. BARBA, G.R. No. 116763, April 19,
1996

VI. Construction to avoid absurdity

1. PARAS v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 123169, 4 November 1996

VII. Construction in favor of right and justice

1. KAREN E. SALVACION v. CENTRAL BANK OF THE PHILIPPINES, CHINA BANKING
CORPORATION and GREG BARTELLI y NORTHCOTT, G.R. No. 94723, August 21, 1997

VIII. Law does not require the impossible

1. PEDRO T. SANTOS, JR. v. PNOC, G.R. No. 170943, September 23, 2008

IX. Number and gender of words

1. SANTILLON v. MIRANDA, G.R. No. 19281, June 30, 1965

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MODULE 7: IMPLICATIONS
I. Necessary Implications
1. DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES (DENR) v. UNITED PLANNERS
CONSULTANTS, INC., G.R. No. 212081, February 23, 2015

2. SUGBUANON RURAL BANK, INC. v. HON. UNDERSECRETARY BIENVENIDO E. LAGUESMA, G.R.

No. 116194, February 2, 2000

II. Grant of power includes incidental power

1. CARMELO F. LAZATIN v. HRET, G.R. No. 84297, December 8, 1988
2. CEMCO HOLDINGS, INC. v. NATIONAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC.,
G.R. No. 171815, August 7, 2007

III. What cannot be done directly cannot be done indirectly

1. TAWANG MULTI-PURPOSE COOPERATIVE v. LA TRINIDAD WATER DISTRICT, G.R. No. 166471,
March 22, 2011

MODULE 8: INTERPRETAION OF WORDS AND PHRASES

I. In General
1. JOSEPH EJERCITO ESTRADA v. SANDIGANBAYAN, G.R. No. 148560, 19 November 2001.
2. JOSE JESUS M. DISINI, JR. v. SECRETARY OF JUSTICE, G.R. No. 203335, 11 February 2014.

II. General rules of interpretation

1. ATTY. REYNANTE B. ORCEO v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 190779, 26 March 2010
2. MUSTANG LUMBER, INC. v. HON. COURT OF APPEALS, G.R. No. 104988, 18 June 1996.

III. Where the law does not distinguish

1. REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES v. DAISY R. YAHON, G.R. No. 201043, June 16, 2014
2. VISAYAS COMMUNITY MEDICAL CENTER (VCMC) v. ERMA YBALLE, G.R. No. 196156, January
15, 2014

IV. Disjuntive and Conjunctive Words

1. ANTONIO D. DAYAO v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 193643, January 29, 2013
2. PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES v. ANTONIO COMADRE, G.R. No. 153559, June 8, 2004
3. GONZALES v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 28196, November 9, 1967

V. Noscitur a sociis
1. PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES v. ISIDRO FLORES, G.R. No. 188315, August 25, 2010
2. CESAR M. CARANDANG v. VICENTE SANTIAGO, G.R. No. L-8238, May 25, 1955

VI. Ejusdem generis

1. EMETERIA LIWAG v. HAPPY GLEN LOOP HOMEOWNERS ASSOCIATION, INC., G.R. No. 189755,
July 4, 2012
2. COMMISSIONER OF CUSTOMS v. COURT OF APPEALS, G.R. No. 33471, January 31, 1972.

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VII. Expressio unius est exclusion alterius and casus omissus
1. SAN PABLO MANUFACTURING CORPORATION v. COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE,
G.R. No. 147749, June 22, 2006

2. COCONUT OIL REFINERS ASSN., INC. v. TORRES, G.R. No. 132527, July 29, 2005

3. THE COMMISSION ON AUDIT OF THE PROVINCE OF CEBU v. PROVINCE OF CEBU, G.R. No.
141386, November 29, 2001

VIII. Reddendo singula singulis

1. MA. MERCEDITAS N. GUTIERREZ v. THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES COMMITTEE ON
JUSTICE, G.R. No. 193459, February 15, 2011

2. CITY OF MANILA v. LAGUIO, G.R. No. 118127, April 12, 2005

IX. Provisos, Exceptions and Saving Clauses

1. RICARDO FERNANDEZ v. NLRC, G.R. No. 106090, February 28, 1994

2. COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE v. FILIPINAS COMPANIA DE SEGUROS, G.R. No.

L-14880, April 29, 1960

3. ARENAS v. CITY OF SAN CARLOS, G.R. No. 34024, April 5, 1978

4. CHARTERED BANK OF INDIA v. C. A. IMPERIAL, G.R. No. L-17222, March 15, 1921

5. ROBERTO S. BENEDICTO v. COURT OF APPEALS, G.R. No. 125359, September 4, 2001

6. BALAGTAS MULTI-PURPOSE COOPERATIVE, INC. v. COURT OF APPEALS, G.R. No. 159268,

October 27, 2006

MODULE 9: STATUTES CONSTRUED AS A WHOLE AND IN RELATION TO OTHER STATUTES

I. Statutes construed as a whole
1. AQUINO v. QUEZON CITY, G.R. No. 137534, August 3, 2006

2. LIWAYWAY VINZONS-CHATO v. FORTUNE TOBACCO CORPORATION, G.R. No. 141309, June 19,
2007

3. PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES v. LUISITO D. BUSTINERA, G.R. No. 148233, June 8, 2004

MODULE 10: MANDATORY AND DIRECTORY STATUTES

1. Article 5, New Civil Code
2. ACOSTA v. ADAZA, G.R. No. 168617, February 19, 2007
3. LUIS K. LOKIN, JR. v. COMELEC, G.R. Nos. 179431-32, June 22, 2010
4. FLORANTE S. QUIZON v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 177927, February 15, 2008

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MODULE 11: STRICT OR LIBERAL CONSTRUCTION
I. Statutes strictly construed A. Penal laws
1. INTESTATE ESTATE OF MANOLITA GONZALES VDA. DE CARUNGCONG v. PEOPLE OF THE
PHILIPPINES, G.R. No. 181409, February 11, 2010

2. GERARDO R. VILLASEÑOR v. SANDIGANBAYAN, G.R. No. 180700, March 4, 2008

B. Statutes in derogation of rights

1. HEIRS OF ALBERTO SUGUITAN v. MANDALUYONG, G.R. No. 135087, March 14, 2000

2. PHILACOR CREDIT CORPORATION v. COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL

REVENUE, G.R. No. 169899, February 06, 2013

3. COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE v. KUDOS METAL CORPORATION, G.R. No. 178087,

May 5, 2010

4. MAPULO MINING ASSOCIATION v. HON. FERNANDO LOPEZ, G.R. No. L-30440, February 7, 1992

C. Statutes granting privileges

1. COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE v. PHILIPPINE LONG DISTANCE TELEPHONE
COMPANY, G.R. No. 140230, December 15, 2005

2. RAOUL B. DEL MAR v. PAGCOR, G.R. No. 138298, November 29, 2000

3. REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES v. KERRY LAO ANG, G.R. No. 175430, June 18, 2012

D. Exceptions and provisos

1. COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE v. THE COURT OF APPEALS, CENTRAL VEGETABLE
MANUFACTURING CO., INC., G.R. No. 107135, February 23, 1999

2. GEOLOGISTICS, INC. v. GATEWAY ELECTRONICS CORPORATION, G.R. Nos. 174256-57, March

25, 2009

II. Statutes Liberally Construed

1. RE: APPLICATION FOR SURVIVORSHIP PENSION BENEFITS UNDER REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9946,
A.M. No. 14155-Ret., November 19, 2013

2. MARIA OBRA v. SSS, G.R. No. 147745, April 9, 2003

3. IN RE: PETITION FOR ADOPTION OF MICHELLE P. LIM, G.R. Nos. 168992-93, May 21, 2009

4. THE COCA-COLA EXPORT CORPORATION v. CLARITA P. GACAYAN, G.R. No. 149433, December
15, 2010
5. REGIONAL AGRARIAN REFORM ADJUDICATION BOARD v. COURT OF APPEALS, G.R. No.
165155, Apr 13, 2010
6. COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE v. BASF COATING, G.R. No. 198677, November 26,
2014

7. RAMON A. SYHUNLIONG v. TERESITA RIVERA, G.R. No. 200148, June 4, 2014