WIRELESS DUST BIN MONITORING
AND ALERT SYSTEM USING ARDUINO
P.Siva Nagendra Reddy , R.Naresh Naik,
Assistant Professor, Assistant Professor, Assistant Professor,
Department of ECE, Department of ECE, Department of ECE,
Kuppam Engineering Kuppam Engineering Kuppam Engineering
College,Kuppam,A.P. College,Kuppam,A.P. College,Kuppam,A.P.
snreddy715@gmail.com nareshkec2015@gmail.com,aamar404.ssits@gmail.com
Abstract—SwachhBharat Abhiyan (English: Clean
India Mission and abbreviated as SBA or SBM for
"Swachh Bharat Mission") is a national campaign by
the Government of India, covers4,023 well populous
cities and towns, to keep the areas and infrastructure
of the country clean. The aim of this mission is to
clean and cover all the rural and urban areas of the
country so that to present this country as an ideal
country before the world with the proliferation of
Internet of Things (IoT) devices, such as smart
phones, sensors, cameras. It is possible to collect
massive amount of data for localization and purifying
water.
In the existing systems no proper planning
regarding collecting the garbage due to some
problems which makes the city or town unhygienic.
The labors who are working in cleaning the dustbins
are not responsible and that makes the system worse
in urgent cases, proper monitoring of them is
mandatory to run the city clean and green. Only
traditional and manual garbage collection system is
available. No automatic or technology oriented
systems exist. This project is designed for the effective
garbage collection using Embedded System. The main
aim of the proposed method is collecting waste into
the dumping vehicles. In this method when ever
dustbin filled to certain levels the module placed on
the dustbin will send an alert message to server node.
From the server node it again sends a message to the
concerned authorities. This system also sends
information about harmful gases emanation.
Keywords—IoT, Arduino,SBM, GSM, MQ-4
I. INTRODUCTION
As a developing nation and as one of the
most populous country in the world we in India face
unique problems that require a unique solution such
problem is that of waste management. As of there is
no proper monitoring system on the working of
labors whoever working in the corporations, if they
are failed to clean the garbage bins within the
stipulated time then there must be overflow and so
as diseases and hazardous gases spreads easily
which makes city or town worst solid management
.our proposed system continuously monitors the
978-1-5090-3239-6/17/$31.00©2017IEEE
A.Amareshwar Kumar, S.Nanda Kishor
, Associate Professor,
Department of ECE,
Kuppam Engineering
College,Kuppam,A.P.
nankishor@gmail.com
regularity of cleaning the garbage bins by labors
and reports the same to the corresponding
Authority. From Ancestors to today solid waste was
majorly due to less usage of natural resources and
more of artificial facts. The major sources of
wastage during past decade were largely vestiges
and human ecological waste, brought into the
society with less impact on others. Paraphernalia
finished with things which lasts for long were
commonly used so many times or handed over to
their next generations. However, in 19th century,
because of some vulnerable dieses like dengue
which puts government to force emergency on
public health safety precautions which raises voices
in opposition to this solid waste concern. The
hygienic circumstance of the Laboring people in
1842 of the societal reformer, Edwin Chadwick, in
which he debated for the proper maintenance of the
dust bins, is important for the health of the peoples
who live in cities.
Generally solid waste is nothing but
wastage from houses, industries, institutions such as
hospitals, markets and streets. All these types of
solid waste are becoming a major problem to the
society due to lack of monitoring of garbage bins
cleaning system. A significant amount of solid
waste generated in country are not collected and
managed properly. Wastes are either burned openly
in the streets or end up with empty land, or they can
be dumped into the rivers which will cause serious
health issues to humans as well as aqua culture. In
the conventional approach, large number of
cleaning vehicles along with labors are sent to the
places where the garbage is present and in most
cases these labors whoever went for the cleaning are
not responsible enough to clean properly which
makes city more polluted Due this the garbage
spills on to the streets. As a result of this infectious
diseases are caused.
II. PROPOSED METHOD
In this proposed method Ultrasonic sensor
is used to measure levels of dust into the dust bin.
Arduino is used as a controller in this design.
Whenever the Garbage in dust bin reaches the
threshold level it will send the information to server
node using Bluetooth. Server node receives the
values given by the sensing node and it alerts the
user by sending an SMS to the concerned
authorities through the GSM module. It also reads
the hazardous gases released by the Garbage by
using MQ4 sensor and alerts the user by sending
alert message and precautionary measures. The
below fig 1 shows the block diagram of proposed
system.
Fig 1: Block Diagram of Wireless Dust Bin Monitoring And
Alert System Using Arduino
In this system Bluetooth and Global
System for Mobile Communication (GSM) are the
wireless communication modules. GSM is used for
sending messages to the concerned authorities.
Bluetooth is used as a wireless communication
module between nodes.
Sensor node:
Fig 2: Sensing node of Wireless Dust Bin Monitoring and Alert
System Using Arduino
The sensor node consists of Arduino, ultra-
sonic sensors and Bluetooth transceiver units. In
this sensor node are continuously detects the levels
of garbage in garbage bins. The levels of the
garbage are detected by the Arduino then the data
will be processed. The processed data is transmitted
through wireless network (Bluetooth Transceiver) to
the master Arduino UNO.
III. ARDUINO
The Arduino Uno is controller board based
on the ATmega328 .It has 14 digital input/output
pins (of which 6 are PWM outputs), 6 analog input
pins, a USB connection, a 16 MHz ceramic
resonator, a power jack, and a reset button. The
Uno differs from all preceding boards in that it does
not use the FTDI USB-to-serial driver chip. Instead,
it features the ATMEGA programmed as a USB-to-
serial converter. The Arduino Uno can be powered
via the USB connection or with an external power
supply.
Fig 3: Arduino UNO board
The power source is selected
automatically. External (non-USB) power can be
taken either from an ADC adapter or battery. Leads
from a battery can be connected in the Vin and Gnd
pin headers of the POWER connector. The board
can work with an external supply of 5-20 volts. If
power supply is less than 7V, in some cases, the 5V
pin may supply something less than five volts and
the board may be unstable. If we use more than
12V, the voltage regulator will become overheat
and will also damage the board. The recommended
operating voltages are 7 to 12 volts.
Features of Arduino Uno:
Arduino is an Open-Source Prototyping
Platform and easy-to-use hardware as well as
software. The Arduino software is easy for
understanding to beginners. It is simplify the
process of creating any control system by providing
the standard board that can be programmed and
connected to the system without the need to any
sophisticated PCB design and implementation.
Inexpensive, Cross-platform, Simple clear
programming environment, Open source and
extensible software, Open source and extensible
hardware. It is user friendly enough for advanced
users. It runs on Windows, Mac, and Linux.
Arduino is a key tool to learn new things.
MQ4 Gas Sensor:
MQ-4 Semiconductor sensor is made using
Natural Gas Sensitive material. MQ-4 gas sensor is
sensitive to tin dioxide. When the concentration of
the tin dioxide increases, the conduction levels of
sensor also increases. MQ-4 gas sensor is also
sensitive to Methane, Propane and Butane. The
sensor is used to sense different burnable gases,
mainly Methane. It is low cost sensor and suitable
for different application.
Fig 4:MQ-4 Gas sensor
Specifications:
x Analog output: 0 – 5 V
x Internal data logger
x CH4 flow through sensor for underway
(Ferry-box) and lab applications.
Advantages &Applications:
1. Good sensitivity to Combustible gas in
wide range.
2. High sensitivity to Natural gas.
3. Long life and low cost.
4. Domestic gas leakage detector.
5. Industrial flammable gas detector.
Fig 5: Typical sensitivity characteristics CH4 sensor
Fig 5 shows the archetypal compassion
characteristics of the MQ-4,
Ordinate means confrontation ratio of the
sensor (Rs/Ro), it is absorption of gases. Ro means
resistance of sensor in 1000ppm Methane, Rs means
resistance in unlike gases. All tests are below
typical test environment.
GSM Module:
GSM (Global System for Mobile) / GPRS
(General Packet Radio Service) TTL modem s
SIM900 quad-band GSM / GPRS device, works
with frequency ranges 900 MHZ, 850MHZ, 800
MHZ and 1900 HZ. It is very small in size and easy
to use as plug in GSM Modem. The baud rate can
be used as from 9600-115200 bps from beginning to
end AT (Attention) commands.. It is suitable for
Data conveying and also SMS application in
mobile phone to portable phone boundary. The
modem can be interfaced with a Microcontroller
using USART (Universal Synchronous
Asynchronous Receiver and Transmitter) feature.
Fig 6: GSM Interfacing Board
GSM is nothing but a mobile network
which always searches for the required frequency to
operate. In a GSM Network, it has approximately
five different sizes macro, micro, pico, femto,
and umbrella cells. The exposure area of each cell
varies according to the accomplishment
surroundings. Macro cells can be measured as cells
where the pedestal post antenna is installed on a
device which is of above average rooftop level.
Micro cells are cells where antenna pinnacle is
below usual rooftop level; they are used mostly in
metropolitan areas.
Fig 7:GSM hardware Module
 Pico cells are cells which are having a
diameter of few meters. They are mostly used
indoors and large industrial areas. These cells are
planned to use in small business areas or residential
and connected with the help of network provider’s
service through a broadband internet link.
Cell straight radius changes based on
antenna gain, antenna altitude, and propagation
conditions from around two hundred meters to
hardly any tens of kilometers. The greatest distance
the GSM ropes in practical case is 35 kilometers
(22 mi)[14]. There are lots of ideas were tried to
unmitigated cell, where the cell radius can be triple
or more, depending on the type of landscape,
antenna system, and the timing advance.
Ultrasonic Sensor (HC SR04):
Ultrasonic based sensors technology
becomes grown-up and are widely used in the an
assortment of sectors of electronics. Ultra sonic
sensors are used to find the distance of object from
particular place[15]. The main advantage of this
sensor is its superior capability to probe interior
parts of objectives without destroying them because
ultrasound can proliferate through any kinds of
medium including liquids, gases and solids except
vacuum.
Fig 8: Ultrasonic sensor HC SR04
In archetypal ultrasonic sensing, ultrasonic
waves are travels in air and always paying attention
on identifying substances such that a functional
data with communication of signals acquired from
objects reflected from ultrasonic based energy
signals[16].Such ultrasonic sensor gives data on the
basis of estimation and perception of ultrasonic
sensing signals.
IV. RESULTS
The proposed system Wireless Dust Bin
Monitoring and Alert System Using Arduino is very
useful to the society. It is a low cost method using
wireless sensor networks. In this system ultrasonic
sensor detects the levels of garbage in dust bins.
Whenever dust reaches the threshold level, sensor
node sends a message to server node using
Bluetooth. In this system Bluetooth is configured as
master slave mode. Server node receives the
message from server node it will send the alert
message to the concerned persons is shown in
below fig 9.
Fig 9:Alert message when dustbins are full
The additional feature in this method is harmful
gas detection. Sometimes, dustbins emits harmful
gases. These gases cases diseases for surrounding
living people. So in this system MQ-4 sensor is
used to detect harmful gases which are emitted from
the dustbins. When harmful gases generated from
the dustbin server node sends an alert message to
the surrounding peoples and concerned authorities.
The alert message is shown in below fig 10.
Fig 10:Alert message when Harmful gases released from
dustbins
CONCLUSION & FUTURE ENHANCEMENT
This report presents the work
accomplished on real time solid waste municipal
garbage bins monitoring system. Solid waste can be
monitored effectively by sending alert to the local
corporation. If the garbage in garbage bin is not
cleared in a specific period of time then alert will be
sent to the head office so that proper action will be
taken accordingly. In this way time can be managed
and solid waste can be monitored effectively. So
finally we conclude that our system is so much
helpful for monitoring the bins effectively without
overflowing onto the streets.
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