Professional Documents
Culture Documents
IV. Procedure
The increasing number of global cities:
1. Host the headquarters of multinational corporations, such as Coca-Cola.
2. Exercise significant international political influence, such as that from Beijing or
Berlin.
3. Host the headquarters of international nongovernmental organizations (NGOs),
such as the United Nations.
4. Host influential media, such as the BBC and Al Jazeera
5. Host advanced communication and transportation infrastructure, such as that in
Shanghai.
V. Significant Learning
Urbanization the study of the social, political, and economic relationships of cities
Urban sociology the subfield of sociology that focuses on the study of
urbanization.
Zero population growth a theoretical goal in which the number of people
entering a population through birth or immigration is equal to the number of
people leaving it via death or emigration
Slum cities the development on the outskirts of cities of unplanned shantytowns
or squats with no access to clean water, sanitation, or other municipal services.
Demography the study of population. Demographic transition theory that
describes four stages of population growth, following patterns that connect birth
and death rates with stages of industrial development
Global city a unique development based on the new role of cities in the circuits of
global information and global capital circulation and accumulation.
Corporate city a city form based economically on corporate management and
financial services
Dual cities that are divided into wealthy, high-tech, information-based zones of
urban development and poorer, run-down, marginalized zones of urban
underdevelopment and informal economic activity.
Edge cities urban formations based on clusters of shopping malls, entertainment
complexes, and office towers at major transportation intersections
Environmental sustainability the degree to which a human activity can be
sustained without damaging or undermining basic ecological support systems.
Pollution when contaminants are introduced into an environment at levels that
are damaging.
Climate change long-term shifts in temperature and climate due to human
activity.
VI. Conclusion
Cities provide numerous opportunities for their residents and offer significant
benefits including access to goods and numerous job opportunities. At the
same time, high-population areas can lead to tensions between demographic
groups, as well as environmental strain. While the population of urban
dwellers is continuing to rise, sources of social strain are rising along with it.
The ultimate challenge for today’s urbanites is finding an equitable way to
share the city’s resources while reducing the pollution and energy use that
negatively impacts the environment.