2

Mathematical Formulae

1. ALGEBRA
Quadratic Equation
For the equation ax 2 + bx + c = 0,

− b  b 2 − 4ac
x= .
2a

Binomial Theorem

(a + b)n = a n + 
n  n −1  n  n −2 2 n
a b +  a b + ... +  a n −r b r + ... + b n
1  2 r
n n!
where n is a positive integer and   = .
 r  (n − r )! r!

2. TRIGONOMETRY

Identities

sin 2 A + cos2 A = 1.

sec 2 A = 1 + tan 2 A.

cosec2 A = 1 + cot 2 A.

Formula for ∆ABC

a b c
= = .
sin A sin B sin C

a 2 = b 2 + c 2 − 2bc cos A.

1
= bc sin A.
2

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1 (a) On the Venn diagrams below, shade the region indicated [2]

(i) (ii)

A B C A  (B  C ' )

(b) Sets R and C are such that R = { 𝑥: 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 = 0} and C = { 𝑥: 3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 9 = 0} where

x is a real number. Find n(R) and n(C). [2]

2 Differentiate the following expressions with respect to x and leave your answers in the simplest form.

(a) 2 − 6x3 [2]

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(b) ln 3 1 − 2 x [2]

3 (a) Express log 7 x − log 49 (x − 2) = log 3 1 in the form ax 2 + bx + c = 0 . [4]

(b) Explain with workings why there are no real solutions to the equation. [1]

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4 The points A, B, C and D are the vertices of a parallelogram ABCD.

Given that AB = 6i + 8 j and that AD = 11i − 4 j , find a unit vector in the direction of BD . [3]

5 An examination consists of section A, containing 10 questions, and section B, containing

5 questions. Candidates are required to answer 6 questions from section A and 3 questions
from section B. Find the number of different selections of questions that can be made if

(a) there are no further restrictions, [2]

(b) candidates must answer the first 2 questions in section A and the first question in section B. [2]

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6 Prove that cot x  (sec x − tan x)(cosec x + 1) . [4]

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x 2 y 2 13
7 The line x = y − 2 intersects the curve + = at the points A and B.
3 4 4
Find the exact coordinates of A and of B. [4]

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1  3 1
8 The figure below shows part of the curve y = cos  x  . The line y = x − cuts the
2  2 2
2
curve at the point P. Given that the x-coordinate of P is , calculate the area of the shaded
3
region. [7]

P 3 1
y= x−
2 2

x
0 2
3

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(a) Find, in terms of p, the remainder when x + px + p x + 21 is divided by x + 3 .

3 2 2
9 [2]

(b) Hence, find the set of values of p for which this remainder is negative. [3]

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6
 x2 
10 (a) Given that the coefficient of the term in x for the binomial expansion of  3 − 
4 
 k 
is 135, find the value of the positive constant k. [4]

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(b) Using the value of k found in part (a), find the value of the constant a if the constant
6
 1  x2 
term in the expansion of  a + 2  3 −  is 972. [5]
 x  k 

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11 The diagram show a sector RGE of a circle, with centre R, radius 6 cm and subtends an angle of
1.1 radians. O is the point on RG and L is the point on RE such that EO is perpendicular to RG
and GL is perpendicular to RE. EO and GL intersect at X.

(a) Show that RO = 2.72 cm. [2]

G E

X
O L

NOT TO SCALE

1.1 rad

(b) Find the area of the shaded region. [5]

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12 Show that the gradient of the tangent to the curve y = (x – 1)(3x2 – 3x + 1) can never be
negative. Hence, find the coordinates of the point on the curve at which the tangent to
the curve is parallel to y = 5. [7]

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13 A particle moves in a straight line such that t seconds after passing through a fixed
 1
− t 
point O, its velocity, v m s , is given by v = 81 − e .
−1 2
 
 
−2
(a) Find the velocity when its acceleration is 2 m s . [3]

(b) Find the distance travelled during the fourth second of motion.
Give your answer correct to 3 significant figures. [3]

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14 NOT TO SCALE

hm

2x m

A window in the shape of a rectangle surmounted by a semicircle is being designed to let in the
maximum amount of light. The glass to be used for the semi-circle is stained glass which lets in
one unit of light per square metre. The rectangular part uses clear glass which lets in 2 units of
light per square metre.
(a) If the perimeter of the whole window is 10 m, express h in terms of x. [2]

(b) Hence, show that the amount of light, L, let in by the window is given as [4]
 3  2
L = 20 x −  4 + x .
 2 

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(c) Find the value of x and of h that must be used to allow the design to let in the maximum
amount of light. Correct the values to 3 significant figures. [5]

END OF EXAM

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