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Long Form Two

Long Fonn Two is the last of the basics fonns. It


follows the rules and patterns set up in the previous
forn1s. The footwork mll co111plete the ""alls-then
corners pattern set in Short Two. The blocks are the
standard sequence of ilnvard, oun-vard, upward, and

>
do"V11ward. We are still advancing and using two
in-one tilning. Follomng the principle that we
always add ne"" infonnation in every new fonn, we
will find 111uch added to the patterns of the hands
and feet and catego1ies of n1otion.

Footwork
Not only mll we advance mth two-in-one tilning,
,ve will retreat ·with it in the last half of this fonn. The inside do,-vnward paln1-up blocks and inward overhead
elbows are done vvith twist-through n1aneuvers, vvhich basics list because of the rush to con1plete the oliginal
pro1note this type of ti1ning. The twist-through differs 1nanuals and requiren1ents lists. It stands out as a
fron1 a step-through. T\vist through 1naneuvers rotate, 111aneuver in this forn1 and den1onstrates the only way to
then gain or lose distance, or vice versa. Step-through utilize both hands fully and efficiently fro111 this
n1aneuvers gain or lose distance with rotation n1aneuver. The twist-through has applications in botl1
siniultaneously not sequentially. In other vvords, a step- directions, forward and back, in this fonn.
through gives rotation vvith distance, while a tvvist- Front and rear crossover 111aneuvers are added to our list
through gives rotation then distance or distance then of new ite1ns. What is con1n1only called a crossover is
rotation. Their t,,vo-in-one timing is a reason why the actually a crossover-step out. These are related to the tvvist-
tvvist-through foot n1aneuvers are saved for use in Long through done in Long Fonn Tvvo. In this fonn vve have
Two. It 1nakes the then1e of the fonn 1nore cohesive-this the front, rear, and in place (rotating) twist stances.
the1ne is advancing and retreating vvith two-in-one Therefore we aug1nent the categories of twist stances and
ti1ning, not just advancing as in Sho1tTwo. their con1plen1entary foot 1naneuvers.
The tvvist-through foot 1naneuver never n1ade the

Timing
Tvvo "beats" are generally added to the base 1notions block/chop/poke/spearhand/chop/chop. The
established in Short Two. For exa1nple, the first section addition of two 1nore counts or beats per version is
of both Short and Long Two is like the self-defense obvious. Ed Parker's idea of the inve1ted pyra1nid of
technique Five Swords. Sho1t Two starts ,vith two infonnation is now 111ore evident.
1noves: block/chop. Long �,vo starts
,¥ith four n1oves: block/chop/poke/spearhand. This
pattern continues in Long Fonn Four. In that forn1, Hand and Arm Strikes
Five Swords 1s six n1oves:
The new hand strikes are the vertical punch, 1'¥0-finger poke, vertical back-knuckle punch, and
chopping knuckle punch, hanunerfist, claw, vertical vertical inward foreann strike. Elbow strikes now
included are inward, outward, up,vard, inward
overhead, and outward overhead. Outvvard elbows are
ach1ally introduced in Long One, between the
outvvard and upward block sections. They are sho,¥n
at the end of Long �,vo after a sandwiching heel-
pahn/elbow.
The addition of these strikes and punches e}..})ands
our knowledge of angles of delivery and n1ethods of
execution. We see han1n1e1ing cla,vs, snapping
punches, thrusting eye pokes, looping elbo,vs, and
roundhouse heel-paln1s.

Kicks
No previous fonn has kicks. Although Kenpo is a
hand systen1, it is unusual in n1ost 111a1tial arts to wait so long to start kicking in fonns. Mr. Parker
believed that a student should develop a strong base
beneath their blocks, stiikes, and punches before Isolation
sta1ting to kick. Kicking inherently reduces stability.
The isolation in this fonn consists of the last nvo
It therefore 111akes sense to develop the base with
silnultaneous elbow strikes, those being the left
the different hand con1binations throughout the first
upward and right back elbo,,vs. It is co111111only
fonns, then start kicking.
thought that the isolation is all four elbow strikes at
�vo kicks are introduced in Long Forni Two, the
the end. This leads to confusion and sets the student
side and front kicks. Side kicks are done in the
off on a path of thinking that is alrnost guaranteed to
second section of the forn1, front kicks in the fourth.
prevent figuring out ,vhat the isolation actually
The side kicks are snapping kicks. They n1atch the
rneans.
111ethod of execution of the jab, which is done at the
This isolation acts as a test question. Instructors
saine tirne to sho,¥ the relationship of hand to foot.
give students guidance as to how the isolations
There is a hidden kick in the fifth section. It is a
function. If students understand this, they can
thrusting sweep kick inserted in the front crossover to
decipher their rneaning. If they do not, they will
the uppercut/upward block, which is actually a
continue, as 1nany others have, to grind along just
strike.
doing 1nove1nent without rnuch n1eaning. The
Russian philosopher Gurdjieff said there is a
difference between kno,¥ledge and understanding.
Pagina98

Knowledge is knowing of infonnation,


understanding is realizing its application. Son1e
Filipino syste111s relate this to a n1onkey playing ball Long Form Two: Detail of
,vith a coconut. It just uses the coconut for a ball, not
realizing there is son1ething good to eat and drink the For111. Sections
inside.
This fonn sta1ts like the previous three fonns, ,-vith a
right hanunering inward block. To add use of the front
hand as sho'\>vn in Short Two to that of the back
hand as shown in Long One, you execute a Five Swords-
type of technique. This shows ho,,v you can now use
both the front and rear hands after the inward block.
Ren1e1nber, '\>Ve always add ne,v inforn1ation with
each new fonn.
You start by stepping forward fro111 the horse
salutation into a right neutral bow ,-vith the right
inward block as you set your base. Your rear (left)
hand does not check; it is cha111bered. Now slice
through and diagonally do"vn to the right across the
neck and body with a right slicing chop as you pivot in is improperly forn1ed. Yes, there are people ,vho use it
place to a 1ight forward bow with a right straight heel- to break boards or run their hands through watennelons,
pahn to the chin (or straight finger thrust to the eyes), but that is not your average practitioner. It is in the fonn
chan1be1ing the open right hand. The tin1ing of the body to preserve it. Most people would use a vertical punch
shift fro111 the neutral bo,v into the fonvard bow is, again, or uppercut in its place.
two-in-one. The first half of the shift powers the 1ight Continue to the second side, as in Short Two, by
hand, and the second half the left hand. This is done stepping through forward to a left neutral bow with a
srnoothly, delivering the hvo stlikes in one count. The left thrusting inward block. Once again, take care not to
right chop should not be done by itself, since there is extra-step by turning the front foot out early. Con1plete
nothing po,,vering it when done in that manner. the section by slicing out with the left handsword,
Ilntnediately shift back into a right neutral bow with a st1iking ,,vith the right pahn or finger thrust in a
1ight vertical finger thrust (spearhand) to solar plexus forward bow, and then pivoting back into the left
level, left hand chan1bered. The spearhand is essentially neutral bow ,<\Tith the vertical finger thrust. The hands
an undeveloped natural weapon. Very few people use this do not cover like they did in Sho1t Two; they chamber
in self-defense, since it requires striking generally harder instead. The n1ain reason for this is that you want full
targets, like the torso, and you are likely to hurt yourself if range of 111otion, like you did in Long One. You want
it to be able to feel
what the rnaxirnurn power is that you can generate condense that travel later, \-vhile retaining the sarne
frorn these positions. You will need, and want, to arnount of power.
Going into section two, you slide back into a left positioned as a jab and thro\-vn as a vertical snap
45° cat, with the hands stacked at the right hip, just punch. Sirnultaneously, you will execute a left
as in Short Two. Once again, your feet should have snapping side knife-edge kick.
autornatically taken the 45° position if your left This should be done ,vithout any leaning of the
neutral bow \-Vas correct. Step off toward 9:00 into a body, either forward or backward. The first photo
left neutral bo,¥ with the left vertical outward block, belo,¥ shows no lean; the second illustrates the
right straight punch cornbination. No,,v thro,¥ a left incorrect posture. Just as a jab is thro,¥n without
straight punch frorn the outward block as your right telegraphing, the kick can be thrown in the san1e
pulls back just under your right pectoral, at your rnanner.
chest. This continues the "natural positions"
introduced at the end of Short �¥0. Shoot your right
straight punch horizontally frorn that position as your
left hand cocks like a jab, fist diagonally up and
elbow down by the hip. The left fist is

left: Without leaning., light: Too n1uch leaning.


Therefore, it will be low, about shin height. This then the (opposite) front hand/rear foot
con1bination of the kick and punch shows the co1nbinations, and finally the rear hand/rear foot
relationship of the jabbing foot and hand. It also con1binations.
illustrates the first one of the punch/kick As you thro,v the jab and kick, your rear hand will
combinations in the forn1. If you look hard enough, you be in that natural cha111ber position. You then plant
will see this (the front hand/foot con1bination), the left foot, slide into the 1ight 45° cat with the
hands chambered at the left hip, and continue with
the opposite side of the section, ending in a right
neutral bow.
Section three sta1ts "vith you sliding into another
left 45° cat, hands chan1bered, then back toward 5:30
with the left foot so that you can establish a base and
turn counter-clockwise to face 6:oo in a left neutral
bo,,v. As you settle in the neutral bow, execute a
"universal" block, left hand doing a do"vnward block
and the light an inward block, sin1ultaneously. Here
again we have the two-in-one tilning sho,ving, but this
tin1e ·with two blocks. In
the previous section we had a block and a punch. The section before that, we had two strikes. We now see the
category con1pletion inherent in the fonns, i.e., stance change occurs, so that your front hand is up in
strike/strike, block/strike, block/block. It is one of the the block position and your rear hand down and out with
reasons the universal sho,,vs up out of sequence. The the strike. Inunediately return to the left neutral bow as
three previous forn1s follo,-ved the basic order of you drop your left ann and hand into a hanunering
inward, outward, up,,vard, do,vnward. Now we have claw, at face height, and deliver a right outward back-
inward, outward, universal, then upward, do"1nward knuckle to the ja,v hinge, using t,,vo-in-one tin1ing.
(and then the inside downward and push-do,vn). It is Your hands are now on a
another exa1nple of a "stand out" n1ove. It is so vertical 12-6 line, right hand on top, elbo,,vs do,vn, at
obvious, you have to ask ,vhy it is there. It is there to this point. Continue this section by doing a
show the catego1y and also to sho,v orbital switching, double back-knuckle, rolling the left hand into an
which beco1nes apparent ouhvard back-knuckle, right hand checking, followed
,,vith the very nell.1: 1nove. by a 1ight outward back-knuckle, left hand checking.
Shifting in place to a left forward bow, you execute a These are done at jaw-hinge height and show the
left upward block as your right hand si1nultaneously co1nple111enta1y angles of the jaw line to illustrate
delivers an underhand hanunerfist to the groin. These contouring. These h-vo sections could be used against a
nvo actions are co1npleted as the kick-punch co1nbination. However, you should
experin1ent with a va1iety of attacks to see the varied
applications.
Move your right foot in and toward your left foot, stepping to a right neutral bo,v facing 12:00. Your anns
n1aking a V step, and finish the second line of the V by ,vill make the opposite universal block, left hand on top.
Shift into a right fonvard bow with the One and Long Two, you step away on the first do,vnward
upward/ha1nn1erfist position, and continue by shifting block. In Sho1t One, it is ,vith a right do,vnward; in Long
back into the neutral bow with a right claw, left back- Two it is ,vith a left downward. Therefore, both "sides"
knuckle position, follo,ved by right then left back- (hands) have been used. The idea of stepping in with the
knuckles. block (advancing) is shown with the first do,vnward in
The fourth section of the fonn is started by stepping Long One, using the right hand, and in Short Two, using
toward 10:30 with your right foot, as your right hand the left hand, also on the first down,vard block. Ed Parker
blocks the lo,v zone with an inside downward palrn-up cleverly placed this inforn1ation about how to step forward
block (1ninor). As you settle into a left neutral bow facing and back, using right and left, in 1nis1natched pairs, in
4:30, your 1najor block, the left doWinvard, is co1npleted. different fonns. Yet now it is obvious when you see it.
This step is a con1plen1ent to the first step to a doWinvard The two-in-one tin1ing concept co1nes into use again as
block in Short One. It con1pletes the set of forward and your left do,vi1ward block flows directly into an inverted
retreating steps with a down,vard block. In Short roundhouse back-knuckle at head height. Typically tl1is
sequence is den1onstrated against a right front kick
con1ing fron1 4:30. The block ,vould hit the inside of tl1e
leg and continue
right up to the te111ple. Shift inunediately to a left kicking leg to 4:30, toes pointing straight to the san1e
forward bow ,vith a right straight thrust punch to solar- angle. Now turn it hard into a right side horse. You will
pleJn1s height, cha111bering the left hand at your left be in the side horse to 4:30, but your centerline will face
libs. Follow with a silnultaneous left straight snapping 1:30. Ren1en1ber once again that, just like Shott Two,
punch and 1ight front snap kick. The kick is at groin your toes ,-vill face the walls when using neutral bows
height, and the punch at face height. Keep the punch on on the diagonal lines, and toes , vill face corners ,,vhen
your centerline and not too high. Snap the kick; do not using the cross lines, as they did in the One forn1s and
let it hang, which defeats the purpose of this 111ove at the beginning of the �,vo
and the ne}..1: one, and it just looks sloppy. Plant the
fonns. In this instance, your toes v,rill be facing the The opposite side of the section is done by stepping
1:30 corner because we are using a side horse. The fonvard to,vard T30 ,-vith your right, just like in Sho1t
purpose here is to use the rotation of the right knee T'\<vo. Don't forget to keep the left inside downward
with the stance change off the kick to buckle the block as a 111inor during the transition step, which
inside of the opponent's 1ight leg. Silnultaneously, you is done by pulling the right leg in and through the
are punching the solar plell.'US with your 1ight hand, 1ight cat stance, and ending with the right
left hand chan1bered at the left 1ibs. This whole downward block. Continue with the right inverted
section is loaded "'rith two-in-one ti1ning frorn roundhouse back-knuckle, the left straight punch,
beginning to end. kick-punch, and side horse with a

Paglna 103

left vertical punch, ending toward 7:30. This is the step out with your right, planting to 1:30 in a right
halfway point of the form. neutral bow. As your left foot crosses, your left hand
Section five follows the san1e line as in Short Two. strikes the bridge of the nose with the fore-knuckles
You will now go back up the line you created in the of the hand. Your right hand should be cha1nbered at
previous section, heading fron1 T30 to 1:30. your right ribs to prevent its being checked in real
From your left side horse, execute a left front application, and for proper line-of-sight alignn1ent
crossover n1aneuver by crossing your left foot in for the next n1ove. The left crossover is a thrusting
front of your right in a transitional twist stance and sweep kick in application, done as the left hand
strikes. This section has always been considered an
offensive technique, and it works well as such. It is the only aggressive n1ove in the
forms, providing a little food for thought and a clue
to the offensive techniques that 1nay derive fron1 the
forn1s. vVith the step-out, your right hand strikes in
uppercut fashion under the chin and continues to
forn1 the upward-block position, typically striking
under the chin with your forearn1 to open the throat
line and brace the opponent for the subsequent eye
pokes, as you settle in the right neutral bow. Poke
the right eye ,-vith your left vertical t\vo-finger
poke, leaving the right ann in place as you do,
crossing over your ann at the Wiist. Follow with a
right then left poke of the san1e type. When
executing the right poke, line it up next to but not
crossing behind your left. With your paln1s no,v
facing each other, fire the pokes "pon1-po1n gun"
fashion. You will end ,vith your left poke slightly
ahead of your right, by about a hand length.
The crossover/punch con1bination can be done with or without an accent on the crossover sweep.
This section is an introduction to the front hvist and Section six is done by dropping back along the
crossover 1naneuver, as it has not been previously sa111e line you just ca111e up. Slide your left foot back
included in a fonn. The strike itself will be seen as into a rear nvist stance as your left hand executes an
either a full-fist fore-knuckle strike, like knocking on inside downward block, pahn up. Your 1ight hand
a door, or like an overhand half-fist. The cha1nbers.
uppercut/step-out sho,vs how to use an uppercut Re1nind yourself to keep the spine straight and
stepping fonvard, con1pared to stepping back, as it is vertical so there is no "jet lag," lagging the head
used hvo sections later. The two-in-one tin1ing is behind the lo,,ver body.
again obvious, as is the footwork line direction and
final position in its silnilarity to Short Two.
Fron1 the final position on the right side, crossover
toward 10:30 ,vith your 1ight leg and do the sa1ne
con1bination, using the 1ight hand to strike with as
you crossover and finish ,vith a left neutral
bow/upward block. Start and end the poke series
with the right hand.
neutral bow to 10:30 with a right vertical snap punch
at ,,vaist height, left hand cha1nbered. This sequence
would be used against a right front kick, so that the
punch would hit the short ribs or kidney, as you
would be ,vorking the opponent fron1 behind. This
left: The body is ve1tical., right: The body is section introduces the rear twist, so ,,ve now have both
"lagging." front and rear twist added to our catego1y of stances.
Vve also now have the front crossover and rear
This gives you an exan1ple of frictional pull used twist-through added to the foot 1naneuvers
on a block that is being done like a pariy, and catego1y. A further note about this section is that we
directional harn1ony. Pivot ilnn1ediately into a right break sequence here in the downward blocks. In Long
One, "vhen ,,ve sho, v the three additional blocks in the
isolation, we do pal1n down, then pahn-up and push-
do"vn. In Long Two, we do paln1-up, then pahn-down
and push-down. This is because ,vhen we con1e out
of the eye pokes, our hands and arms are not in the
appropriate point of origin to do a paln1-do,,vn
block. Use this
type of thinking to uncover n1ore reasons for sequencing in all your fonns.
The opposite side is done by staying on the sarne Fro1n your left neutral bow, step back to J:30 with
line and retreating to 4:30 with your light foot and your right foot, as your left punching hand beco1nes
blocking ,vith the right hand. Pivot out and deliver a an inside downward pahu-down block. Settle into a
left vertical snap punch fron1 a left neutral facing left neutral facing 1:30 as your left hand continues its
10:30, right hand cha1nbered. This particular n1otion, using two-in-one tiluing, to strike under the
"technique" shows ho,v to block and strike using chin in snapping vertical back-knuckle fashion. It's
both hands while changing your stance fro1n one like the uppercut in section five, but n1oving and
side to the other. The ne"-1: sequence sho,,vs how to use settling back. Your right hand chambers. This could
one hand to do the same job, utilizing a necessary also be an ouhvard back-knuckle instead of vertical,
tin1ing change. but I like the vertical to keep tl1e uppercut
Section seven requires that you change angles by forward/uppercut back set of n1oves.
90° . You con1pleted the footwork angle sequence as in Continue back do,.,vn that line, the 1:30-7'.30, with
Short Two when you did the last of the finger pokes. a left step-through reverse and a right inside
Then you start reversing the lines. Ed Parker said do,"7nward pahn-down block. Flo,"' ,>\Tith the block into
there is an opposite and a reverse for everything. the right vertical back-knuckle as you settle in the
right neutral bo,v facing 1:30, left hand cha1nbered.
Section eight now works forward, up the sa111e line in Long One, and the rotating hvist stance, the third
you just established facing 1:30. It has three identical type of nvist.
sections that use the push-down block, our final block Fron1 the right neutral bow, pivot hard into a
forward bow ,vith a left push-down block, light hand bo,.v with the left cla,v.
cha1nbered. Transition into a 1ight front rotating This section points out the tinting change fro1n the
hvist stance to bring your left shoulder into align1nent step-through 1naneuver to the twist-through
for the next 1nove. Do not bounce dtuing the n1aneuver. To repeat, a step-through gives rotation
transition. Step-through forward, out of the twist, with distance, while a h.vist-through gives rotation
,ith your left foot to 1:30 as your left ann does a then distance or distance then rotation. This and the
left ounvard overhead elbo,v and ha1nn1ering claw, next section show the hvist-through forward and
ending in a left neutral bo,v. Repeat on the opposite reverse. The ouhvard overhead elbows use double
side by pivoting to a left forward bow Mth a 1ight factoring (two-in-one tilning), since they elbo,v and
push-down block, right step-through to 1:30, and right claw. They also show the ouhvard overhead path of
overhead elbow and claw. Repeat the first side once travel, while the inward overheads will be shown
1nore to end facing 1:30 in a left neutral shortly afte1ward. In addition, your foot,vork has
traveled a "long line," son1ething that will be
significant in fonus to corne.
No,.v in a left neutral bow ,vith your left claw up,
shift in place to a left fonvard bow with a right
straight thrust punch, left hand cha1nbered.
lln1nediately shift back into the neutral bo,v Mth a
left inside vertical foreann st1ike, which should look like an inward block. This shows the reverse
sequence of the block and punch used in Long One. Duplicate the action on the opposite side by doing
Long One blocks, then punches; Long Two punches, a right hvist-through reverse and a left inward
then blocks. The idea here is that you punch and the overhead elbow, tight hand cha1nbering or grabbing.
opponent blocks it and conies in, so you use the Show the gravitational n1arriage in this technique by
block-type action after the punch to either block or dropping your ,veight with the elbows. You should be
strike. facing 1:30 in a left neutral bow.
This last section of the fonn travels back do,vn the You now step back with your left foot into a
long line and into an isolation horse. Fro111 the left square horse, facing 12:00. As your left foot stops and
inward block, hvist-through reverse "vith your left foot you settle into your stance, your right inward elbo"v
back to 7:30. Unwind into a 1ight neutral bo,v facing and left heel-paln1 execute an elbo"v sandwich. The
1:30 with a right inward overhead elbo"v. Your left heel of your left hand should 111ake contact with your
hand can do one of two actions at this tin1e. It can right elbow, not your fingers. This is in1portant to
chamber or it may be used to show a grab or hook to sho,v the proper fonnation of the elbo"v sandmch, a
the opponent's inco111ing head during an weapon not previously shown. Ideally your left hand
atte111pted tackle frorn which you pull hiln into the should be a handsword fonnation, for a clean n1ove,
elbow. both in execution and in looks. Letting the fingers be
limp and unfonned pro111otes sloppy-looking forn1
and does not work
well in application. Slide the left over, to the right and on top of the
right ann, as your right ann draws under and to the
left. This action cocks both anus for the next n1ove,
as well as provides follo,v-through for the elbow
sandwich. Drive both anns out into twin ouhvard
elbo,vs, fists closed, pahns down. The actual
isolation occurs now, as you deliver a right back
elbo,v ,vith a left up,vard elbo,v.
Your hands should be closed, although relaxed until
the ti111e of in1pact. Be aware of "false travel." It is
easy to create an ilnpression of travel ,vith the weapon,
even when it is not really 111oving 111uch. To prevent it,
keep your co1npact unit (which is the elbow· pinched to
the biceps, created ,v, hen you did the ouhvard elbow)
and throw fro111 there. Do not let the hands lead.
Ending isolation.

Bring your right hand up and your left hand down


into the hand-over-fist salutation in the
horse. Close by bringing your left foot to the right, as you did in each form so far. Bow. This co1npletes
Long Fann Two. You will see that you have ended in
a position back and to the left of where you started.
It is not necessary to end in the same spot, as so1ne In Closing
people think You should not, in this forn1, because
of the footwork lines. You will notice that we did not prescribe a particular
attack for 1nost of the fonn "techniques." Son1e have
an attack to help de111onstrate application of a
sequence. Most do not because they are basics and
exercise, which accurately describes what they do.
An e1nbryonic basic such as an inward block could
be used to block, strike as a hainn1er or rake, or be an
in,vard foreann strike. I think that ,vould be 1nore
accurately desc1ibed as an inward 1notio11, thus
re1noving a prejudice as to what the 1noven1ent is.
In this n1anner, one sees that the first blocks in Short
One could easily be against a punch, a kick, a grab,
or a push atte1npt. It is the method and angle of
execution that are i1npo1tant. The 1nultiple
applications are up to you.
There are comn1011 attacks utilized to get the student to use the appropriate tilning and power, so you ,-vill see the
first block used against a right and so on. Many of us
saw Ed Parker do Short One grabbing "vith his rear hand 12 I do not agree with the tenn "reverse gravitational
and using the blocking hand to break the arn1. He was 1narriage." It fits the definition of back-up n1ass. That
showing us son1e of the 111any possibilities of definition states that when body "veight 1noves in line
application. with a strike, back-up mass is being used. If your body
It is your responsibility to research these possibilities, weight is 1noving up,-vard with your strike, I call it
regardless of your rank and tin1e in grade. Do not wait back-up 111ass, not reverse gravitational 111aniage. (Is
for son1eone to spoon-feed you the ans"vers, or it 1nay it safe to say that would be "gravitational divorce"?)
never happen. After more than forty years in Kenpo, I
still find 1nore inforn1ation in the fonns. You ,-vill not
figure out the whole picture without kno"ving the forn1s
co1npletely and correctly, and by having the guidance of
knowledgeable instructors. I , vas fortunate to have those
people available in the persons of Ed Parker and Huk
Planas.

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