CHAFTER

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On successful completion of all learning activities provided
in the chapter, a student will be able to
discuss different techniques oi llotv measuremeni;
determine the velocity profile for {lows through an open channel by
employing a V-notch 0r a rectangular notch;
obiain the discharge thr0ugh an open channel by employing a
V-notch or a rectangular notch ;
obtain the discharge through a pipe by emplcyinq a venturimeter,
a fiow nozzle or an orificemeter;

describe the technique of hot-wire anemometry;

state the advantages of laser anemometry; and

outline some techniques ol flow visualisation.

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.rften necessary to measure the pressure and velocity at any point in a flow field as also the
-:irough a passage. For example, we must determine the velocity profile at a cross section in
; in order to determine the nature of flow in it. Discharge through open field channels must
:C for the purpose of distribution of water in the fields. Discharge through oi1 pipelines and
--*s is likewise necessary in order to calculate the patterns of consumption.
:,us methods of flow measurement have come into existence. An attempt has been made to
: simple and more commonly used techniques based upon the principles of fluid mechanics.

.:ermodynamic pressure, frequently referred to as pressure p is the static pressure in a

The static pressure is a parameter to describe the state of a fluid irrespective of its velocity.
.lorvs in a passage, a simple flushed hole in the wall normal to the flow called a 'wall tap'