2 ee eee eee > Before reading the text, do you know what these words mean? Match aword in A with ts meaning in B, A B. 1 issue 8 topromote the growth or development of something 2, amined, b. to stop oneself from doing something that one would like to do 3. regardless of «. refusal to obey authority 4, self-deprecating 4. a condition for something to happen or exist 5. foster ¢. painful or sensitive 6. defiance £ having a natural tendency to do something 7. refrain 2. topic 8. counterpart h. paying no attention to something, 9. pre-requisite i. holding very strong views which one is not willing to change 10. sore i. someone who has the same position as someone else 11. opinionated k. representing oneself as having little orno value |. smbarassed, ‘Seannad with CamSeannet1. + Whatis the main idea expressed in the excerpt below? ‘No one actually wants to cause offence but, as businesses become more and more international It is easy to go wrong, There may be one European market, but it does not mean that people, wiether managers or professionals, behave the same in Great Britain as they do in Portugal. Therefore, when you conduct business abroad, or play host to foreign partners, it makes good business sense to be aware of cultural differences. By making an effort to close the cultural gap and get along with people who do not share your background, your views, your beliefs, your customs or your lifeayle, you will gain respect, increase credibility and foster successful business relationships. Annes: ‘The main idea expressed in the text helow ix that is very important to knoxe the culture of every, country yon make business with. 2+ Provide the missing prepostions: One piece of usefisl advice: refrain (1)fkom, taking your, assumptions (2) for granted! Take eye-contact as ‘at example. Americans snd British people think that a direc, eve-(3) te-e¥s gnze swagess the desirable teste (for hoossty and attention, But, peopl (Sith cultures with anal respec (6)for autho like the Japauest may think this signifies disrespect or defiance. So, when someone refuses tg look you (7) im the ‘xe perhings it relectseulirally correct behaviour, not deviou sess. Very fen, the tempo of Iie has an impact (2) en people behaiaut, For instance, Americans appear to be fiving andl working. (9) with a rapid pace. This isis (10) tw the ered "tug te money and money talks” They do not like to waste time and are slays pineual. Similarly, (11) for Asign and German business partners, punctuality is a” must”, if aol. the pre-cemuisite (12) for a geod business relationshig ‘And yet, fee cultures have an identical undertanding of wht the concept of "punctual really means (13)For to many Canadians, bsing (14) om ne for appointment means being abou! five minutes early, On the. other hand, (15) im Latin cultures, timg a relative In Mexico, being 30 minutes late (16)for a social event is considered normal. rive earlier and you will. cause inconvenienes (17). bo the hast be punctual for appointments, but be prepatedsto wait(18)ferthingstoget started. ‘Seannad with CamSeannet3. * Pat in the missing words. Choose from the ones given below, Careful! There are two extra words! Physical contact is a sore point that may (1)... or decrease the chances of ereating a (2)... business relationship. (3)..... Britons and Germans, who (4).... a certain distance when talking to people. Latins are inlined to touch their (5)...... and keep smaller personal space as a sign of friendliness or politeness. In France, good (6).... require that on arriving at a business meeting, a manager shakes hands with everyone |... « Koreans tend to stand elose together when they talk or walk. Moreover, (8)..... through a crowd or brushing up against others on a (9)..... sidewalk is considered normal. What is (10)..... to a Westerner isthe fact that there is no need to say “Excuse me” or "Sorry" when this occurs. sound amazing squeezing interesting enhance — manners —uulike present keep busy preserve interlocutor Answer: Lpreserve 2.amazing 3.Unlike 4kcep S.interlocutor 6.manners T.present S.squeezing 9.busy 10.interesting scanned wth Camscannet4.+ Put in the ONE missing word: Addressing people is often a culturally sensitive issue. Americans and Britons (1)... to use first names regardless of age or (2)..... in the company and tend to (3)..... relationships more quickly with new: business contacts. Germans differ (4).... this, they are well-known for the (5)..... of formality they bring to business. They are not (6)... to calling people by their first names and assign a lot of importance to nn and titles, If you do not wish to cause serious (8)... ,remember that someone should be addressed by their titles. The same applies in Italy where engineers, lawyers and architects expect you to call them by their (9)... titles. Likewise, Asians have a strong (10)...... of hierarchy, rank, position and status at all times. They always use the interlocutor’s surname, including Mr. or Mrs. as a (11)... of respect. In South Korea, it is considered (12)..... to call people by their first names (13)....... you know them well, The same is equally (14)... for the Middle East. Status is also important and has a direct (15)..... on the appropriate form of address to the people you meet, Thus, refer to your business partner as Mr. Mubarak and not as Mohammed or Salim, Answer: Lprefer 2position/rank/hierarchy S.make 4.from S.amount 6.used 7mames 8.problems 9.professional ‘4.respectfal 15.influence scanned wth Camscannet6.+ Choose the appropriate word: ‘The (1) lengthamount of silence that is perceived as (2) right/correct during a conversation is a major player in cross-cultural confusion. A Japanese proverb (3) saystells: "Those who know do not speak — those who speak do not know. In Japan, as well asin other Asian cultures, silence (4) ensures/assures the time for listening, contemplation and (5) required/due considerstion of what has been discussed. On contrary, American business people fel thet even a (6) sliht/syperfcil silence can be embarrass hence fill it up with conversation. The fact that Americans are (7) likelyvexpected to talk loudly ig often interpreted in Europe as aggressive or (8) uneduccted/uncultivated behaviour. Likevvise, the British or ‘Asian way of speaking quietly might be understood as secretive to Americans. Most Canadians and Americans as well as Britons consider a good sense of humour to be a welcome attribute in business deals. Nevertheless, when you (9) domake a joke in the presence of Japanese business people, you should make (10) cetain/sure it is ether very easy to understand, or self-deprecating (11) In/On informal occasions when they know (12) alVeveryone, the Japanese will be humorous and entertaining. At a formal meeting or (13) between/among strangers they (14) eanimay feel awkward, withdrawn or too nervous to loosen up. The Japanese, (15) likelsame the Germans do not appreciate ‘lippancy in business environments Answer? Lomount 2aight Sssays assures Sdue Gaslight Tlkely Sunedueated Smake 1Sike ‘Seannad with CamSeannet