I. HIDROCARBURI: Alcani, Alchene, Alchine, Arene Alcani

FORMULE CHIMICE COLEGIUL TEHNIC „CONSTANTIN BRÂNCUŞI” ORADEA
Anul şcolar 2015 - 2016
I. HIDROCARBURI : alcani, alchene, alchine, arene

ALCANI
Nr de
Formula Formula
atomi de Formula structurală Denumire Categoria
moleculară generală
C
alcan
n=1 CH4 CH4 metan (legături CnH2n+2
simple)
alcan
n=2 C2H6 H3C - CH3 etan (legături CnH2n+2
simple)
alcan
n=3 C3H8 H3C - CH2 - CH3 propan (legături CnH2n+2
simple)
alcan
n=4 C4H10 H3C - CH2 - CH2 - CH3 butan (legături CnH2n+2
simple)
alcan
n=5 C5H12 H3C - CH2 - CH2 -CH2 - CH3 pentan (legături CnH2n+2
simple)
alcan
n=5 C5H12 H3C -( CH2)3 - CH3 pentan (legături CnH2n+2
simple)
1
Prof. KASTNER ELISABETA CHIMIE ORGANICĂ
alcan
n=6 C6H14 H3C -( CH2)4 - CH3 hexan (legături CnH2n+2
simple)
alcan
n=7 C7H16 H3C -( CH2)5 - CH3 heptan (legături CnH2n+2
simple)
alcan
n=8 C8H18 H3C -( CH2)6 - CH3 octan (legături CnH2n+2
simple)
alcan
n=9 C9H20 H3C -( CH2)7 - CH3 nonan (legături CnH2n+2
simple)
alcan
n = 10 C10H22 H3C -( CH2)8 - CH3 decan (legături CnH2n+2
simple)
*****************************************************************
metan CH4
metan CH4
2
*****************************************************************
etan C2H6
etan H3C - CH3
*****************************************************************
3
propan C3H8
propan H3C - CH2 - CH3
*****************************************************************
n-butan C4H10
4
n-butan C4H10
n-butan H3C - CH2 - CH2 - CH3
**************************************************************************************************
izobutan C4H10
5
izobutan C4H10
*****************************************************************
decan C10H22
6
decan C10H22 sau H3C -( CH2)8 - CH3

*****************************************************************
7
ALCHENE
Nr de
Formula Formula
C
alchenă
n=2 C2H4 H2C = CH2 etenă (legătură CnH2n
dublă)
alchenă
n=3 C3H6 H2C = CH - CH3 propenă (legătură CnH2n
dublă)
alchenă
n=4 C4H8 H2C = CH -CH2 - CH3 1 - butenă (legătură CnH2n
dublă)
alchenă
n=4 C4H8 H3C- HC = CH - CH3 2 - butenă (legătură
CnH2n
dublă)
alchenă
n=5 C5H10 H2C = CH -CH2 - CH2 - CH3 1 - pentenă (legătură
CnH2n
dublă)
alchenă
n=5 C5H10 H3C- HC = CH -CH2 - CH3 2 - pentenă (legătură
CnH2n
dublă)
alchenă
n=6 C6H12 H2C = CH-CH2-CH2- CH2- CH3 1 - hexenă (legătură
CnH2n
dublă)
alchenă
n=6 C6H12 H3C- HC = CH- CH2 -CH2 - CH3 2 - hexenă (legătură
CnH2n
dublă)
8
alchenă
n=6 C6H12 H3C-CH2- HC = CH -CH2-CH3 3 - hexenă (legătură
CnH2n
dublă)
***********************************************************************
etenă C2H4
etenă H2C = CH2
***********************************************************************
9
propenă C3H6
propenă H2C = CH - CH3
***********************************************************************
1-butenă H2C = CH -CH2 - CH3 1-butenă C4H8

10
***********************************************************************
2-butenă H3C- HC = CH - CH3 2-butenă C4H8

****************************************************************
11
izobutenă C4H8
***********************************************************************
3-hexenă C6H12
12
3-hexenă C6H12
3-hexenă H3C-CH2- HC = CH -CH2-CH3
*****************************************************************
13
ALCHINE
Nr de
Formula Formula
C
alchină
n=2 C2H2 HC ≡ CH etină sau acetilenă
(legătură triplă) CnH2n-2
alchină
n=3 C3H4 HC ≡ C - CH3 propină
alchină
n=4 C4H6 HC ≡ C -CH2 - CH3 1 - butină
alchină
n=4 C4H6 H3C - C ≡ C - CH3 2 - butină
alchină
n=5 C5H8 HC ≡ C - CH2 - CH2 - CH3 1 - pentină
alchină
n=5 C5H8 H3C- C ≡ C -CH2 - CH3 2 - pentină
alchină
n=6 C6H10 HC ≡ C - CH2 - CH2 - CH2 - CH3 1 - hexină
alchină
n=6 C6H10 H3C - C ≡ C- CH2 -CH2 - CH3 2 - hexină
alchină
n=6 C6H10 H3C- CH2 - C ≡ C -CH2 - CH3 3 - hexină
14
***********************************************************************
etină sau acetilenă C2H2

etină sau acetilenă HC ≡ CH
***********************************************************************
propină C3H4
propină HC ≡ C – CH3
***********************************************************************
15
1-butină C4H6
1-butină HC ≡ C -CH2 - CH3
*******************************************************************************
2-butină C4H6
2-butină H3C - C ≡ C - CH3
16
*****************************************************************
HIDROCARBURI AROMATICE mononucleare (arene)

Nr de
Formula Formula
C
arene sau
n=6 C6H6 C6H6 benzen hidrocarburi CnH2n-6
armatice
toluen sau metil arene sau
n=7 C7H8 C6H5 - CH3 benzen
hidrocarburi CnH2n-6
armatice
arene sau
n=8 C8H10 C6H5 -CH2 - CH3 etil benzen hidrocarburi CnH2n-6
armatice
arene sau
n=8 C8H10 C6H5 –C2H5 etil benzen hidrocarburi CnH2n-6
armatice
dimetil benzen sau arene sau
n=8 C8H10 CH3 - C6H4 - CH3 xilen (poate fi orto 12, hidrocarburi CnH2n-6
meta 13, para 14) armatice
arene sau
n=9 C9H12 C6H5 -CH2 - CH2 - CH3 propil benzen hidrocarburi CnH2n-6
armatice
arene sau
n=9 C9H12 C6H5 -CH(CH3)2 izopropil benzen hidrocarburi CnH2n-6
armatice
17
arene sau
n=9 C9H12 C6H5 –C3H7 propil benzen hidrocarburi CnH2n-6
armatice
metil etil benzen arene sau
n=9 C9H12 CH3 - C6H4 -CH2 - CH3 (poate fi orto 12, meta hidrocarburi CnH2n-6
13, para 14) armatice
metil etil benzen arene sau
n=9 C9H12 CH3 - C6H4 –C2H5 (poate fi orto 12, meta hidrocarburi CnH2n-6
13, para 14) armatice
trimetil benzen arene sau
(poate fi vicinal 123,
n=9 C9H12 C6H3 (CH3)3 simetric 135, asimetric
hidrocarburi CnH2n-6
armatice
124)
18
***********************************************************************
benzen C6H6
benzen C6H6
19
***********************************************************************
toluen C7H8
toluen sau metilbenzen C6H5 - CH3
formula moleculară C7H8
20
***********************************************************************
C8H10 izomeri
etilbenzen C6H5 –CH2-CH3 sau C6H5 –C2H5
dimetilbenzen CH3 - C6H4 - CH3
dimetilbenzen sau xilen (poate fi orto 1,2; meta 1,3; para 1,4)
*****************************************************************
21
etilbenzen C6H5 –CH2-CH3 sau C6H5 –C2H5

Formula moleculară C8H10
*****************************************************************
22
1,2-dimetilbenzen sau orto-xilen CH3 - C6H4 - CH3

***********************************************************************
23
1,3-dimetilbenzen sau meta-xilen CH3 - C6H4 - CH3

***********************************************************************
24
1,4-dimetilbenzen sau para-xilen CH3 - C6H4 - CH3

***********************************************************************
25
Izomeri C9H12
***********************************************************************
26
propilbenzen izopropilbenzen
C6H5 -CH2 - CH2 - CH3 C6H5 -CH(CH3)2
derivaţi monosubtituiţi ai benzenului
***********************************************************************
27
o m p
metil-etilbenzen CH3 - C6H4 -CH2 - CH3
derivaţi disubstiuiţi ai benzenului
***********************************************************************
28
1,2,3-trimetilbenzen (izomer vicinal)

trimetilbenzen C6H3(CH3)3
derivat trisubstiuit ai benzenului
***********************************************************************
29
1,2,4-trimetilbenzen (izomer asimetric)

30
***********************************************************************
1,3,5-trimetilbenzen (izomer simetric)

31
HIDROCARBURI AROMATICE polinucleare (arene)

Nr de
Formula Formula
C
arene sau
hidrocarburi
n = 10 C10H8 naftalină
armatice CnH(2n+2)-14
dinucleare
sau
naftalina C10H8
32
RADICALI
Nr de
Formula Formula
C
radical
n=1 CH3 - CH3 - metil
monovalent CnH2n+1 -
radical
n=1 - CH2 - -CH2- metilen
divalent CnH2n -
radical
n=1 -CH - -C∕H - metin
trivalent CnH2n-1 -
radical
n=2 C2H5 - CH3 - CH2 - etil
radical
n=2 -C2H4- -CH2 - CH2 - 1,2 -etilen
divalent CnH2n -
1,1 -etilen sau radical
n=2 -C2H4- CH3 -C∕H - etiliden divalent CnH2n -
radical
n=3 C3H7 - CH3 - CH2 - CH2 - propil
n=3 C3H7 - CH3 - C∕H - CH3 izopropil radical
33
radical
n=4 C4H9 - H3C - CH2 -CH2 - CH2 - n -butil
n=4 C4H9 - H3C - CH2 - C∕H - CH3 secbutil radical
radical
n=4 C4H9 - (CH3)2 CH - CH2 - izobutil
radical
n=4 C4H9 - (CH3)3 C - terţbutil
radical
n=6 C6H5 - C6H5 - fenil
monovalent CnH2n-7 -
fenilen radical
n=6 C6H4 - -C6H4 - (poate fi orto 12, meta
divalent CnH2n-8 -
13, para 14)
34
II. COMPUŞI ORGANICI CU GRUPE FUNCŢIONALE

MONOVALENTE : compuşi halogenaţi, compuşi
hidroxilici, amine
COMPUŞI HALOGENAŢI
Nr de
Formula Formula
C
clorură de metil sau derivat
n=1 CH3Cl CH3-Cl monoclormetan monoclorurat CnH2n+1 -Cl
clorură de metilen derivat
n=1 CH2Cl2 CH2Cl2 sau diclormetan diclorurat CnH2nCl2
clorură de metin
derivat
n=1 CHCl3 CHCl3 sau cloroform sau
triclorurat CnH2n-1Cl3
triclormetan
tetraclorură de
derivat
n=1 CCl4 CCl4 carbon sau
tetraclorurat CnH2n-2Cl4
tetraclormetan
derivat
n=2 C2H5-Cl CH3 - CH2 -Cl clorură de etil
monoclorurat CnH2n+1 -Cl
35
derivat
n=3 C3H7 -Cl CH3 - CH2 - CH2 -Cl clorură de propil
derivat
n=3 C3H7 -Cl (CH3)2 CH -Cl clorură de izopropil
derivat
n=4 C4H9 -Cl CH3 - CH2 -CH2 - CH2 -Cl clorură de n -butil
clorură de derivat
n=4 C4H9 -Cl CH3 - CH2 -CHCl - CH3 secbutil monoclorurat CnH2n+1 -Cl
derivat
n=4 C4H9 -Cl (CH3)2 CH - CH2 -Cl clorură de izobutil
derivat
n=4 C4H9 -Cl (CH3)3 C - Cl clorură de terţbutil
36
***********************************************************************
monofluorometan monoclorometan monobromometan

fluorură de metil clorură de metil bromură de metil
CH3-F CH3-Cl CH3-Br
***********************************************************************
37
***********************************************************************
monoclorometan diclorometan
CH3-Cl CH2Cl2
clorură de metil clorură de metilen
***********************************************************************
38
***********************************************************************
Triclorometan tetraclorometan
CHCl3 CCl4
clorură de metin (cloroform) tetraclorură de carbon
***********************************************************************
39
***********************************************************************
monocloroetan
CH3-CH2-Cl
clorură de etil
formula moleculară C2H5Cl
**********************************************************************
40
***********************************************************************
1-monocloropropan
CH3 –CH2-CH2-Cl
clorură de propil
**********************************************************************
41
***********************************************************************
2-monocloropropan
CH3 –CH(Cl)-CH3
clorură de izopropil
42
COMPUŞI MONOHIDRIXILICI - ALCOOLI MONOHIDROXILICI

Nr de
Formula Formula
C
alcool metilic sau alcool
n=1 CH4O CH3-OH metanol monohidroxilic CnH2n+2O
alcool etilic sau alcool
n=2 C2H6O CH3 - CH2 -OH etanol monohidroxilic CnH2n+2O
alcool propilic sau alcool
n=3 C3H8O CH3 - CH2 - CH2 -OH propanol monohidroxilic CnH2n+2O
alcool izopropilic alcool
n=3 C3H8O (CH3)2 CH -OH sau izopropanol monohidroxilic CnH2n+2O
alcool butilic sau alcool
n=4 C4H10O CH3 - CH2 -CH2 - CH2 -OH 1-butanol monohidroxilic CnH2n+2O
alcool secbutilic sau alcool
n=4 C4H10O CH3 - CH2 -CH(OH) - CH3 2-butanol monohidroxilic CnH2n+2O
alcool izobutilic sau alcool
n=4 C4H10O (CH3)2 CH - CH2 -OH izobutanol monohidroxilic CnH2n+2O
alcool terţbutilic alcool
n=4 C4H10O (CH3)3 C - OH sau terţbutanol monohidroxilic CnH2n+2O
43
***********************************************************************
1-hidroximetan
metanol CH3-OH
alcool metilic
formula moleculară CH4O
***********************************************************************
44
***********************************************************************
1-hidroxietan
etanol CH3-CH2-OH
alcool etilic
formula moleculară C2H6O
**********************************************************************
45
***********************************************************************
1-hidroxipropan
1-propanol CH3 - CH2 - CH2 -OH
alcool propilic
Formula moleculară C3H8O
***********************************************************************
46
2-hidroxipropan
2-propanol (CH3)2 CH -OH
alcool izopropilic
47
COMPUŞI POLIHIDROXILICI - POLIOLI

Nr de
Formula Formula
C
1,2 dihidroxi etan
n=2 C2H6O2 HO-CH2-CH2-OH sau 1,2 etandiol sau diol CnH2n+2O2
glicol
1,2,3 trihidroxi
propan sau 1,2,3
n=3 C3H8O3 HO-CH2-CH(OH)-CH2-OH propantriol sau
triol CnH2n+2O3
glicerina
n=6 C6H14O6 HO-CH2-[CH(OH)]4-CH2-OH hexitol hexitol CnH2n+2O6
48
***********************************************************************
1,2-dihidroxietan
1,2 etandiol sau glicol HO-CH2-CH2-OH
Formula moleculară C2H6O2
***********************************************************************
49
***********************************************************************
1,2,3-trihidroxipropan
1,2,3 propantriol sau glicerina
HO-CH2-CH(OH)-CH2-OH
50
***********************************************************************
1,2,3,4,5,6-hidroxihexan
hexitol
HO-CH2-[CH(OH)]4-CH2-OH
formula moleculară C6H14O6
***********************************************************************
51
AMINE
Nr de
Formula Formula
C
amină CnH2n+1-NH2
n=1 CH5N CH3-NH2 metil amină
primară sau R -NH2
amină CnH2n+1-NH2
n=2 C2H7N CH3 - CH2 -NH2 etil amină
primară sau R -NH2
amină CnH2n+1-NH2
n=3 C3H9N CH3 - CH2 - CH2 -NH2 propil amină
primară sau R -NH2
amină CnH2n+1-NH2
n=3 C3H9N (CH3)2 CH -NH2 izopropil amina
primară sau R -NH2
amină CnH2n+1-NH2
n=4 C4H11N CH3 - CH2 -CH2 - CH2 -NH2 n-butil amina
primară sau R -NH2
amină CnH2n+1-NH2
n=4 C4H11N CH3 - CH2 -CH(NH2) - CH3 secbutil amina
primară sau R -NH2
52
amină CnH2n+1-NH2
n=4 C4H11N (CH3)2 CH - CH2 -NH2 izobutil amina
primară sau R -NH2
amină CnH2n+1-NH2
n=4 C4H11N (CH3)3 C - NH2 terţbutil amina
primară sau R -NH2
amină
n=2 C2H7N CH3 - NH -CH3 dimetil amina
secundară R1 -NH -R2
amină
n=3 C3H9N CH3 -CH2 - NH -CH3 etil metil amina
amină
n=3 C3H9N C2H5 - NH -CH3 etil metil amina
amină
n=3 C3H9N (CH3)3 N trimetil amina
terţiară
(R1)(R2)(R3)N
amină
n=4 C6H15N (CH3 -CH2)3 N trietil amina
terţiară
(R1)(R2)(R3)N
amină
n=4 C6H15N (C2H5)3 N trietil amina
terţiară
(R1)(R2)(R3)N
53
***********************************************************************
aminometan
metilamina CH3-NH2
formula moleculară CH5N
amină primară
***********************************************************************
54
***********************************************************************
aminoetan
etilamina CH3 - CH2 -NH2
formula moleculară C2H7N
amină primară
***********************************************************************
55
***********************************************************************
dimetilamina CH3 - NH -CH3

amină secundară
*****************************************************************
56
*****************************************************************
trimetilamina (CH3)3 N
amină terţiară
**********************************************************************
57
III. COMPUŞI ORGANICI CU GRUPE FUNCŢIONALE

DIVALENTE : COMPUŞI CARBONILICI - aldehide şi cetone
COMPUŞI CARBONILICI - ALDEHIDE
Nr de
Formula Formula
C
aldehidă formică CnH2nO sau
n=1 CH2O H2C = O sau metanal
aldehidă
R-HC = O
aldehidă formică CnH2nO sau
n=1 CH2O H - HC = O sau metanal
aldehidă
R-HC = O
aldehidă acetică CnH2nO sau
n=2 C2H4O CH3 - HC = O sau etanal
aldehidă
R-HC = O
aldehidă CnH2nO sau
n=3 C3H6O CH3 -CH2 - HC = O propanoică sau aldehidă
propanal R-HC = O
aldehidă butirică CnH2nO sau
n=4 C4H8O CH3 -CH2 -CH2 - HC = O sau butanal
aldehidă
R-HC = O
58
aldehidă CnH2nO sau

n=4 C4H8O (CH3)2 CH -HC = O izobutirică sau aldehidă
izobutanal R-HC = O
aldehidă benzoică aldehidă
n=4 C7H6O C6H5 -HC = O sau benzaldehidă aromatică Ar - HC = O
*********************************************************************************************
metanal H2C = O
aldehida formică
formula moleculară CH2O
********************************************************************************************
59
*********************************************************************************************
etanal CH3 - HC = O
aldehida acetică sau acetaldehidă
*******************************************************************************************
60
********************************************************************************************
propanal CH3 -CH2 - HC = O

aldehidă propanoică
*********************************************************************************************
61
********************************************************************************************
Aldehidă benzoică C6H5 -HC = O

Benzaldehidă
*******************************************************************
62
COMPUŞI CARBONILICI - CETONE

Nr de
Formula Formula
C
dimetil cetonă sau
CnH2nO sau
n=3 C3H6O (CH3)2 C = O acetonă sau cetonă
propanonă (R1)(R2)C = 0
dimetil cetonă sau
CnH2nO sau
n=3 C3H6O CH3- CO -CH3 acetonă sau cetonă
propanonă (R1)(R2)C = 0
metil etil cetonă CnH2nO sau
n=4 C4H8O (CH3)(CH3-CH2) C = O sau butanonă
cetonă
(R1)(R2)C = 0
n=4 C4H8O CH3 - CH2 - CO -CH3 sau butanonă
cetonă
(R1)(R2)C = 0
n=4 C4H8O (CH3)(C2H5) C = O sau butanonă
cetonă
(R1)(R2)C = 0
n=4 C4H8O C2H5 - CO -CH3 sau butanonă
cetonă
(R1)(R2)C = 0
63
metil propil cetonă CnH2nO sau

n=5 C5H10O (CH3)(CH3-CH2-CH2) C = O sau 2-pentanonă
cetonă
(R1)(R2)C = 0
n=5 C5H10O CH3 - CH2 -CH2 - CO -CH3 sau 2-pentanonă
cetonă
(R1)(R2)C = 0

n=5 C5H10O (CH3)(C3H7) C = O sau 2-pentanonă
cetonă
(R1)(R2)C = 0

n=5 C5H10O C3H7 - CO -CH3 sau 2-pentanonă
cetonă
(R1)(R2)C = 0
dietil cetonă sau CnH2nO sau

n=5 C5H10O (CH3-CH2)2 C = O 3-pentanonă
cetonă
(R1)(R2)C = 0

n=5 C5H10O CH3 - CH2 - CO -CH2 -CH3 3-pentanonă
cetonă
(R1)(R2)C = 0

n=5 C5H10O (C2H5)2 C = O 3-pentanonă
cetonă
(R1)(R2)C = 0

n=5 C5H10O C2H5 - CO –C2H5 3-pentanonă
cetonă
(R1)(R2)C = 0
64
fenil metil cetonă cetonă

sau acetofenonă
n=8 C8H8O (C6H5)(CH3)C = O sau
aromatică (Ar)(R)C = 0
acetilbenzen mixtă
fenil metil cetonă cetonă
sau acetofenonă
n=8 C8H8O C6H5 - CO - CH3 sau
aromatică (Ar)(R)C = 0
acetilbenzen mixtă
cetonă
n=8 C8H8O C6H5 - CO - CH3 acetilbenzen aromatică (Ar)(R)C = 0
mixtă
difenil cetonă sau
cetonă
n = 13 C13H10O (C6H5)2C = O benzofenonă sau
aromatică
(Ar)(Ar)C = 0
benzoilbenzen
difenil cetonă sau

cetonă
n = 13 C13H10O C6H5 - CO - C6H5 benzofenonă sau
aromatică
(Ar)(Ar)C = 0
benzoilbenzen
cetonă
n = 13 C13H10O C6H5 - CO - C6H5 benzoilbenzen
aromatică
(Ar)(Ar)C = 0
65
***********************************************************************
propanonă (CH3)2 C = O
dimetilcetonă CH3- CO -CH3
acetonă
***********************************************************************
66
***********************************************************************
butanonă (CH3)(CH3-CH2) C = O
metil-etil-cetonă CH3 - CH2 - CO -CH3
*****************************************************************
67
***********************************************************************
2-pentanonă (CH3)(C3H7) C = O
metil-propil-cetonă C3H7 - CO -CH3
***********************************************************************
68
***********************************************************************
3-pentanonă (CH3-CH2)2 C = O
dietilcetonă CH3 - CH2 - CO -CH2 -CH3
69
*****************************************************************
fenil-metil-cetonă C6H5 - CO - CH3

acetofenonă sau acetilbenzen
***********************************************************************
70
***********************************************************************
difenilcetonă C6H5 - CO - C6H5

benzofenonă sau benzoilbenzen
***********************************************************************
71
IV. COMPUŞI ORGANICI CU GRUPE FUNCŢIONALE

TRIVALENTE : COMPUŞI CARBOXILICI - acizi carboxilici
ACIZI MONOCARBOXILICI
Nr de
Formula Formula
C
acid formic sau acid acid CnH2nO2 sau

n=1 CH2O2 H - COOH metanoic carboxilic R - COOH
acid acetic sau acid acid CnH2nO2 sau
n=2 C2H4O2 CH3 - COOH etanoic carboxilic R - COOH
acid CnH2nO2 sau
n=3 C3H6O2 CH3 -CH2 - COOH acid propanoic
carboxilic R - COOH
acid butiric sau acid acid CnH2nO2 sau
n=4 C4H8O2 CH3 -CH2 -CH2 - COOH butanoic carboxilic R - COOH
acid izobutiric sau acid CnH2nO2 sau
n=4 C4H8O2 (CH3)2 CH -COOH acid izobutanoic carboxilic R - COOH
72
acid CnH2nO2 sau

n=5 C5H10O2 CH3 -CH2 -CH2 -CH2 - COOH acid pentanoic
carboxilic R - COOH
acid hexanoic sau acid CnH2nO2 sau
n=6 C6H12O2 CH3 –(CH2)4 - COOH acid capronic carboxilic R - COOH
acid
n=7 C7H6O2 C6H5 - COOH acid benzoic carboxilic Ar - COOH
aromatic
73
***********************************************************************
acid metanoic H - COOH

acid formic
formula moleculară CH2O2
***********************************************************************
74
***********************************************************************
acid etanoic CH3 – COOH

acid acetic
***********************************************************************
75
***********************************************************************
acid propanoic CH3 -CH2 - COOH

***********************************************************************
76
***********************************************************************
Acid butanoic CH3 -CH2 -CH2 - COOH

Acid butiric
***********************************************************************
77
***********************************************************************
acid benzoic C6H5 – COOH

***********************************************************************
78
ACIZI GRAŞI
Nr de
Formula Formula
C
acid gras CnH2nO2 sau
acid butiric sau acid
n=4 C4H8O2 CH3 -CH2 -CH2 - COOH butanoic
(unt de
vacă) R - COOH
n = 12 C12H24O2 CH3 –(CH2 )10 - COOH acid lauric (unt de
cocos) R - COOH
acid gras
(fructe de CnH2nO2 sau
n = 16 C16H32O2 CH3 –(CH2 )14 - COOH acid palmitic palmier,
orice R - COOH
grăsime)
n = 18 C18H36O2 CH3 –(CH2 )16 - COOH acid stearic (orice
grăsime) R - COOH
acid gras
nesaturat
n = 18 C18H34O2 CH3-(CH2)7-HC=CH-(CH2)7-COOH acid oleic (uleiuri – CnH2n-2O2
uleiul de
măsline)
79
******************************************************************************************************
Acid butanoic CH3 -CH2 -CH2 - COOH

Acid butiric
******************************************************************************************************
80
******************************************************************************************************
acid lauric CH3 –(CH2 )10 - COOH

******************************************************************************************************
81
******************************************************************************************************
acid palmitic CH3 –(CH2 )14 - COOH

******************************************************************************************************
82
******************************************************************************************************
acid stearic CH3 –(CH2 )16 - COOH

******************************************************************************************************
83
******************************************************************************************************
acid stearic CH3 –(CH2 )16 - COOH

******************************************************************************************************
84
******************************************************************************************************
acid oleic CH3-(CH2)7-HC=CH-(CH2)7-COOH

******************************************************************************************************
85
******************************************************************************************************
acid oleic CH3-(CH2)7-HC=CH-(CH2)7-COOH

******************************************************************************************************
86
V. COMPUŞI ORGANICI CU FUNCŢIUNI MIXTE :

aminoacizi, zaharide
AMINOACIZI
Nr de
Formula Formula
C
n caz general R- CαH(NH2)-COOH α aminoacid aminoacid α aminoacid

acid α amino
n=2 C2H5NO2 H2N- CαH2 -COOH acetic sau glicină
aminoacid α aminoacid
acid α amino
n=2 C2H5NO2 H- CαH(NH2)-COOH acetic sau glicină
acid α amino
n=3 C3H7NO2 CH3- CαH(NH2)-COOH propionic sau aminoacid α aminoacid
α alanină
acid α amino
n=5 C5H11NO2 (CH3)2CH- CαH(NH2)-COOH izovalerianic
acid α amino
acid monoamino
n=4 C4H7NO4 HOOC-CH2- CαH(NH2) -COOH succinic sau acid aminoacid
dicarboxilic
asparagic
87
acid α amino
α acid monoamino
n=5 C5H9NO4 HOOC-CH2-CH2- C H(NH2) -COOH glutaric sau acid aminoacid
dicarboxilic
glutamic
acid α, ε diamino acid diamino
n=6 C6H14N2O2 H2N-CεH2-(CH2)3-CαH(NH2)-COOH capronic sau lisina
aminoacid
monocarboxilic
acid α amino β
hidroxi
n=3 C3H7NO3 HO-CβH2- CαH(NH2) -COOH hidroxi propionic
aminoacid
nu e cazul
sau serina
acid α amino β tio
tio
n=3 C3H7NO2S HS-CβH2- CαH(NH2) -COOH propionic sau
aminoacid
nu e cazul
cisteina
88
H2N-C2H2-C1OOH
acid 2-aminoetanoic (IUPAC)
acid α aminoacetic
glicină sau glicocol
*****************************************************************************************
89
*****************************************************************************************
α alanina
CH3- CαH(NH2)-COOH
acid 2-aminopropanoic (IUPAC)
*****************************************************************************************
90
*****************************************************************************************
Valina
Acid 2-amino-3-metilbutanoic (IUPAC)
Acid α aminoizovalerianic
(CH3)2CH- CαH(NH2)-COOH
*****************************************************************************************
91
*****************************************************************************************
HO-CβH2- CαH(NH2) -COOH

acid α amino β hidroxi propanoic
serina
acid 2-amino-3-hidroxipropanoic (IUPAC)
*****************************************************************
92
*****************************************************************************************
HS-CβH2- CαH(NH2) -COOH

acid α amino β tio propanoic
cisteina
acid 2-amino-3-tiopropanoic (IUPAC)
*****************************************************************************************
93
MONOZAHARIDE
Nr de
Formula Formula
C
n=6 C6H12O6 HO-CH2-[CH(OH)]4-HC=O glucoză monozaharidă CnH2nO6
n=6 C6H12O6 HO-CH2-[CH(OH)]3-CO-CH2-OH fructoză monozaharidă CnH2nO6
94
*****************************************************************************************
Glucoză (aldohexoză) C6H12O6

*******************************************************************************
95
*******************************************************************************
Fructoză (cetohexoză) C6H12O6

******************************************************************************************************
96
97

I. HIDROCARBURI: Alcani, Alchene, Alchine, Arene Alcani

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I. HIDROCARBURI: Alcani, Alchene, Alchine, Arene Alcani

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FORMULE CHIMICE COLEGIUL TEHNIC „CONSTANTIN BRÂNCUŞI” ORADEA

Anul şcolar 2015 - 2016

I. HIDROCARBURI : alcani, alchene, alchine, arene

decan C10H22 sau H3C -( CH2)8 - CH3

1-butenă H2C = CH -CH2 - CH3 1-butenă C4H8

2-butenă H3C- HC = CH - CH3 2-butenă C4H8

etină sau acetilenă C2H2

HIDROCARBURI AROMATICE mononucleare (arene)

etilbenzen C6H5 –CH2-CH3 sau C6H5 –C2H5

1,2-dimetilbenzen sau orto-xilen CH3 - C6H4 - CH3

1,3-dimetilbenzen sau meta-xilen CH3 - C6H4 - CH3

1,4-dimetilbenzen sau para-xilen CH3 - C6H4 - CH3

1,2,3-trimetilbenzen (izomer vicinal)

1,2,4-trimetilbenzen (izomer asimetric)

1,3,5-trimetilbenzen (izomer simetric)

HIDROCARBURI AROMATICE polinucleare (arene)

II. COMPUŞI ORGANICI CU GRUPE FUNCŢIONALE

monofluorometan monoclorometan monobromometan

COMPUŞI MONOHIDRIXILICI - ALCOOLI MONOHIDROXILICI

COMPUŞI POLIHIDROXILICI - POLIOLI

n=6 C6H14O6 HO-CH2-[CH(OH)]4-CH2-OH hexitol hexitol CnH2n+2O6

dimetilamina CH3 - NH -CH3

III. COMPUŞI ORGANICI CU GRUPE FUNCŢIONALE

aldehidă CnH2nO sau

propanal CH3 -CH2 - HC = O

Aldehidă benzoică C6H5 -HC = O

COMPUŞI CARBONILICI - CETONE

metil propil cetonă CnH2nO sau

metil propil cetonă CnH2nO sau

metil propil cetonă CnH2nO sau

dietil cetonă sau CnH2nO sau

dietil cetonă sau CnH2nO sau

dietil cetonă sau CnH2nO sau

dietil cetonă sau CnH2nO sau

fenil metil cetonă cetonă

difenil cetonă sau

fenil-metil-cetonă C6H5 - CO - CH3

difenilcetonă C6H5 - CO - C6H5

IV. COMPUŞI ORGANICI CU GRUPE FUNCŢIONALE

acid formic sau acid acid CnH2nO2 sau

acid CnH2nO2 sau

acid metanoic H - COOH

acid etanoic CH3 – COOH

acid propanoic CH3 -CH2 - COOH

Acid butanoic CH3 -CH2 -CH2 - COOH

acid benzoic C6H5 – COOH

Acid butanoic CH3 -CH2 -CH2 - COOH

acid lauric CH3 –(CH2 )10 - COOH

acid palmitic CH3 –(CH2 )14 - COOH

acid stearic CH3 –(CH2 )16 - COOH

acid stearic CH3 –(CH2 )16 - COOH

acid oleic CH3-(CH2)7-HC=CH-(CH2)7-COOH

acid oleic CH3-(CH2)7-HC=CH-(CH2)7-COOH

V. COMPUŞI ORGANICI CU FUNCŢIUNI MIXTE :

n caz general R- CαH(NH2)-COOH α aminoacid aminoacid α aminoacid

HO-CβH2- CαH(NH2) -COOH

HS-CβH2- CαH(NH2) -COOH

n=6 C6H12O6 HO-CH2-[CH(OH)]3-CO-CH2-OH fructoză monozaharidă CnH2nO6

Glucoză (aldohexoză) C6H12O6

Fructoză (cetohexoză) C6H12O6

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