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s,: DE' CONSTANTE


.BAZICITATE
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P,roil. tllARlA NISTOR

Ucculloh.ilunlilnu-ilurlpcF

Br&llr
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ba:lcltgtr,ddcmlndcotPalmctilel..' r,
PcnW

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FORMUI-A
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,ri+i
i{r,.

pKa pentru acizi$ens,oiel sutrstituig.a


Suba$tuedl

--

,ij

lr il ptiiai':1
i.l.

pKo pentru po:ifiilc

Hi l.4,ao | .,a I aeo-l cxs I s,gr I l,zz I 4ps-| I' I .r r. I g,zz I g,s6 l 1tl l | cl, I i,sa I -spg--l-s,ez _l I lj Bi .l e,ss _l s,ar -f 3,ez I l

orto

mct|
3.9f " 4,14
3,64 3,77

NOr

2,21

3;42i, ltl
9,55
3.68:j11 ti
ii

GHI
CN
CFs

3,46 3,14 2,98

OH

4,08

4,57:"t.

Cbnstante de bazicitate

| ,aara I formuts:l-&-lmgFlt) -lI | ' smoniao I Nrtg J- _!,1 L_gg!!"rl^" I cF.NH; dirnoritomina I 'rrtmotiromtna I (cxs)aNl L, iao.ro{-l | I tcx.l.H-T lF.tor.l oritamini I caxs-r{Hi-f--s4o.1orl I lksi't,iri^a,l tqHd.NH I

Baza

Formula

lG (t r9l;tlr
.,4,9, rcjt11ii

m.toluldina p,toluldlna dimotllonllino diotilanillna dilonilanlllna pyrldina etllsndlamlna

CHrQHdl'lz
Cl-loQHlNHz

fi.8.r0':9
I1.5,10'rq
36g110i,!9
'
i

ii
r

QHfl(CHrla
QHsN(C2H512

(CoHcl:Nl{
CIH',N
HaNCHeCHzNHa

7,6,

lo!'
rl,
!

I so,s.ro-5 | TTrro1rl
l-,rs.1d.'Tl

1,5ilqf

9.l.lo'? 1.5:10'7 'l5.ror0 p.enisldino lCHlOC"Hr.NHz


I

nr.ruricicJino

|
--

-'----

2.lo'tu

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