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Culture Documents
COOH
R CH
NH2
COOH
NH2
C
R
glicina
(H)
alanina
(Me)
valina
(iPr)
leucina
(i-Bu)
izoleucina
(sec-Bu)
fenilalanina
(benzil)
2. Acizi dicarboxilici
acid aspartic
acid glutamic
asparagina
glutamina
3. Hidroxiaminoacizi
serina
treonina
tirosina
4. Tioaminoacizi
cisteina
cistina
metionina
5. Diaminoacizi
ornitina
arginina
lisina
6. Aminoacizi heterociclici
prolina
triptofan
histidina
hidroxiprolina
Clasificare
Aminoacizi esentiali
Aminoacizi neesentiali
Arginina
Alanina
Histidina
Asparagina
Isoleucina
Acid aspartic
Leucina
Cisteina
Lisina
Cistina
Metionina
Acid glutamic
Fenilalanina
Glutamina
Treonina
Glicocol (glicina)
Triptofan
Hiidroxiprolina
Valina
Prolina
Serina
Tirosina
Sinteze de aminoacizi
1. Aminarea acizilor halogenai
R CH COOH + NH3
R CH COOH + HX
NH2
Metoda Gabriel
O
NK + Cl-CH2COOR
O
HCl
N CH2COOR
H2O
COOH
+ H2N-CH2-COOH + ROH
COOH
Glicocol
O
Na+ CH
NK + Br-CH2CH2CH2Br
O
N (CH2)3-Br
O
COOR
N (CH2)3 CH
COOR
O
1. + H2O
2. - CO2
3. - ROH
COOR
O
1. Br2
O
COOH
+
COOH
COOR
N(CH2)3 C
2. NH3
H2N-(CH2)3-CH COOH
NH2
Ornitina
COOR
COOR
NH2
CH2
COOR + HNO2
COOR
O=N CH(COOR)2
Nitrozoderiat
HO-N C(COOR)2
Izonitrozoderiat
1) 4 [H]
+
..
H3C-CO-HN CH(COOR)2 EtO Na H3C-CO-HN C(COOR)2
2) Ac2O
Ester aminomalonic acilat
Na+
+ C 6H5CH2Cl
H3C-CO-HN C(COOR)2
CH2C6H5
1) 3H2O/-2ROH;
- CH3COOH
2) CO2
C6H5CH2-CH COOH
NH2
Fenilalanina
3. Sinteza Strecker
R CHO
+ NH3
- H2O
CN
R CH NH
+ HCN
H2O
R CH
R CH COOH
NH2
NH2
CH3SH + CH2=CH-CHO
1. NH3 + HCN
H3C-S
2. H2O
C6H5 CH C C
N C
acid hipuric
2 [H]
C6H5 CH2 CH C
N
O
O
C 6H 5
azlactona nesaturata
H2O
-C6H5COOH
C6H5
5. Sinteze de -aminoacizi
Degradare Hoffmann
CH2 C
CH2 C
O
NH
O
Br2
NaOH
O
N H
Br2
NaOH
HCN
COO-Na+
HCl
NH2
COOH
NH2
Acid -amino-benzoic
CH2 CN NH3
CH2 OH
CH2 CN H2O
CH2 NH2
CH2 COOH
CH2 NH2
Proprietati chimice
1. Ionizarea aminoacizilor. Caracterul amfoter
HO
R CH COOH
NH2
R CH COO
NH3
R CH COO
NH2
+ H 2O
R CH COOH
NH3
Aplicatie: electroforeza
Cu2+
CH2 COO
CH2 NH2
Cu
OOC
CH2
H2N CH2
Aplicatie
- Suplimente nutritive- minerale si oligielemente
- Aportul ionilor M(II) = Zn, Mn, Cu, Mo sub form de chelai cu aminoacizi [M(AA)2] sau
[M(AA)3] , unde AA = L- histidina sau L -cisteina, acidul L -aspartic, L - metionina
- Aportul ionilor Fe (II) sruri/compleci ai Fe(II) cu: acizi lactic, citric, gluconic,
fumaric, succinic, AA acid L aspartic, L serin, L cistein
- Aportul ionilor Ca, Mg(II) sruri/compleci:
Ca2+ - gluconat, pantotenat, aspartat
Mg2+ - orotat, aspartat, gluconolactat
+ R'OH
HCl(g)
R CH COOR'
NH3+Cl-
baza
R CH COOR'
NH2
Cloruri acide
+ C6H5-COCl
R CH COOH
NH2
- HCl
+ PCl
5
R CH COOH
R CH COCl
- HCl
NH-CO-C6H5 - POCl3
NH-CO-C6H5
Decarboxilarea
R CH COOH
NH2
N
N
H
CH2 CH COOH
- CO2
NH2
Histidina
N
H
Histamina
CH2 COO
N(CH3)3
CH2 COO-CH3
N(CH3)2
300 C
Descompunere termica
300 C
300 C
+ N(CH3)3
HNO2
R CH COOH + N2 + H2O
OH
O
R CH COOH +
NH2
OH
O
O
H
OH
+ NH3 +
OH
- CO2
- NH3
OH
O
O NH4 O
HO
H
O
+ R-CHO
R CH COOH
NH2
enz.
Mecanism
OPO3H2
OPO3H2
H 2C
CH NH2 + O C
H
COOH
H2C
R
HC
N
HO
COOH
CH3
N=CH
HO
CH3
Vitamina B6
OPO3H2
OPO3H2
H2C
R
C
N-CH
COOH
HO
CH3
H2 O
H2 C
C O + H2N CH2
COOH
-cetoacid
N
HO
CH3
Dezaminare- decarboxilare
- Enzimele din drojdie - fuzel
H 3C
CH CH COOH
H 3C
NH2
Valina
H3C
H2O
CH CH2 CH COOH
H3C
NH2
Leucina
H5 C2
CH CH COOH
H3 C
NH2
Izoleucina
H3C
H3C
H2O
- CO2
- NH3
H3 C
CH CH2 CH2 OH
H3 C
Alcool izoamilic
H2O
H5 C2
- CO2
- NH3
H 3C
CH CH2 OH