SCIENCE 9 – Alkanes, Alkenes, and Alkynes (Part 1)

Name: Score:
Shendy B. Rulida Content Performance Presentation Total

Grade and Section: Group Number:

Grade 9 – Star Rose Quartz

Date Performed: Date Submitted: Name of Teacher:

April 8, 2021 April 8, 2021 Christian Orvin Viluan

Introduction
Alkanes, alkenes and alkynes are simple hydrocarbon chains with no functional groups. The simplest organic
compounds are the alkanes. Alkanes have only single bonds between carbon atoms and are called saturated
hydrocarbons. Alkenes have at least one carbon-carbon double bond. Alkynes have one or more carbon-carbon
triple bonds. Alkenes and alkynes are called as unsaturated hydrocarbons. Alkanes have the general formula of
CnH2n+2 where n is the number of carbon atoms. Alkenes have the general formula C nH2n. The general formula
for alkynes is CnH2n-2. Acetylene is the simplest alkyne with the formula as C 2H2.

The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) has established rules to systematize the naming
of hydrocarbon molecules.
1. Straight-chain hydrocarbon molecules that contain only singly-bonded carbons are called alkanes. When
naming these molecules, the final syllable in their name is "ane."
2. Straight-chain hydrocarbon molecules that contain at least one doubly-bonded carbons are called
alkenes. When naming these molecules, the final syllable in their name is "ene."
3. Straight-chain hydrocarbon molecules that contain at least one triply-bonded carbons are called alkynes.
When naming these molecules, the final syllable in their name is "yne."
4. Prefixes are attached to the last syllable to indicate the number of carbons in the hydrocarbon chain.
The IUPAC prefixes for the first twelve carbon chain lengths are:

1 2 3 4 5 6
meth- eth- prop- but- pent- hex-

7 8 9 10 11 12
hept- oct- non- dec- undec- dodec-

5. Alkenes and alkynes with hydrocarbon chain lengths of four or greater require a numbering scheme to
the chain to designate the location of a multiple bond. The rules regarding this numbering scheme are:
a. The numbering system begins at the end of the molecule nearest the location of a multiple bond.
b. The number in the name is assigned relative to the carbon in the chain where a multiple bond begins.
c. A number is included for each multiple bond in the chain. The numbers are separated by commas.
d. A dash connects the number locations to the hydrocarbon name.
STRAIGHT-CHAIN ALKANES Complete the table below.
No. of Molecular Condensed
Name Structural Formula
Carbons Formula Structural Formula

1 CH4 methane CH4

2 C2H6 ethane CH3CH3

3 C3H8 propane CH3CH2CH3

4 C4H10 butane CH3CH2CH2CH3

C5H12 pentane
5 CH3(CH2)3CH3

C6H14 hexane
6 CH3(CH2)4CH3

C7H16 heptane
7 CH3(CH2)5CH3

C8H18 octane
8 CH3(CH2)6CH3

C9H20 nonane
9 CH3(CH2)7CH3

C10H22 decane
10 CH3(CH2)8CH3

STRAIGHT-CHAIN ALKENES Complete the table below. *For alkenes with four or more carbon atoms, draw
the double bond between the first and second carbon atoms (see example below).
 No. of Molecular Condensed
Name Structural Formula
Carbons Formula Structural Formula

2 C2H4 ethene CH2=CH2

C3H6 propene
3 H2C=CHCH3

*4 C4H8 1-butene H2C=CHCH2CH3

*5 C5H10 1-pentene H2C=CHCH2CH2CH3

C6H12 1-hexene
*6 H2C=CH(CH2)3CH3

C7H14 1-heptene
*7 H2C=CH(CH2)4CH3

C8H16 1-octene
*8 H2C=CH(CH2)5CH3

C9H18 1-nonene
*9 H2C=CH(CH2)6CH3

C10H20 1-decene
*10 H2C=CH(CH2)7CH3
STRAIGHT-CHAIN ALKYNES Complete the table below. *For alkynes with four or more carbon atoms, draw
the triple bond between the first and second carbon atoms (see example below).
No. of Molecular Condensed
Name Structural Formula
Carbons Formula Structural Formula

2 C2H2 ethyne HC≡CH

propyne
3 C3H4 HC≡CCH3

*4 C4H6 1-butyne HC≡CCH2CH3

*5 C5H8 1-pentyne CH3CH2CH2C≡CH

C6H10
*6 1-hexyne HC≡C(CH2)3CH3

C7H12
*7 1-heptyne HC≡C(CH2)4CH3

C8H14
*8 1-octyne HC≡C(CH2)5CH3

C9H16
*9 1-nonyne HC≡C(CH2)6CH3

C10H18
*10 1-decyne HC≡C(CH2)7CH3