CARBON

SSC
Class 10

COMPOUNDS

ONE SHOT
Draw an electron dot structure of the following molecules. (Without circles)

a. Methane c. Methanol CH3 - OH

H H
H C H H C O H
H H

b. Ethene d. Water H2O

H H
C C H O H
H H
Draw all possible structural formulae of compounds given below.

a. C3H8 b. C4H10 c. C3H4 [CnH2n-2]

H H H H
H H H H H
H H C C C C H
H C C C H H H H H C C C
H H H H
butane
propane propyne
H H H
H
H C C C
H H
H
H C
H
isobutane
Saturated hydrocarbons are classified into three types. Give one example of each.
Hydrocarbons in which the carbon atoms are linked to each other only by single
bonds (C – C) are known as SATURATED HYDROCARBONS. They are classified into:
Saturated Hydrocarbon

Straight chain Branched chain Cyclic/ ring chain

e.g., Ethane e.g., Isobutane e.g., cyclohexane

 Functional group

Hetero atom Name Structural formula Condensed Structural

formula
Halogen Halo X X

Oxygen 1) Alcohol

2) Carboxylic
acid

3) Aldehyde
 Functional group

Hetero atom Name Structural formula Condensed Structural

formula

Oxygen 4) Ketone

5) Ester

Nitrogen Amine
 OH
Halo X COOH
CHO
Alcohol CO

Carboxylic acid

Aldehyde

Ketone

Amine
 ALKANE ALCOHOL ALKENE

Mol. Name Str. Mol.

Name Name
Formula Formula Formula
Methane CH4 Methanol CH3 - OH Ethene C2H4

Ethane C2H6 Ethanol C2H5 - OH Propene C3H6

Propane C3H8 Propanol C3H7 - OH Butene C4 H8

Butane C4H10 Butanol C4H9 - OH Pentene C5H10

Pentane C5H12 Pentanol C5H11 - OH Hexene C6H12

 C

Fluoro,
Chloro,
Bromo,
Iodo 1 C - meth
2 C - eth
3 C - prop
4 C - but
Number lagega
5 C - pent
prefix and suffix
6 C - hex
ke pehle 7 C - hept
8 C - oct
Identify the parent Hydrocarbon.

Identify the functional group and add appropriate

prefix or suffix.

Assign proper number to the functional group.

HYDROCARBONS

1) CH3 - CH2 - CH2 - CH3

2) CH2 = CH2
(ethylene)

3) HC = CH
(acetylene)
HALOGEN X Prefix : chloro, bromo, fluoro

1) CH3 - CH2 - Cl

2) Br - CH2 - CH3

3) CH3 – CH2 - CH2 - Cl

(n-propyl chloride)
HALOGEN X Prefix : chloro, bromo, fluoro

1) 2 - chlorobutane

2) 1 - bromopropane
ALCOHOL OH Suffix : ol

1) CH3-OH
methyl alcohol

2) CH3-CH2-OH
ethyl alcohol

3) CH3 – CH - CH3
OH
CARBOXYLIC ACID COOH Suffix : oic acid

1) CH3 - COOH
acetic acid

2) CH3 - CH2 - COOH

3) butanoic acid
ALDEHYDE CHO Suffix : al

1) methanal

2) CH3 - CHO
acetaldehyde

3) CH3 - CH2 - CHO

KETONE CO Suffix : one

1) CH3 - CO - CH3
acetone

2) CH3 – CO - CH2 - CH3

ethyl methyl ketone

3) pentan -2- one

AMINE NH2 Suffix : amine

1) CH3 - NH2

2) CH3 - CH2 - NH2

ethyl amine
COMBUSTION

1. C + O2
carbon

2. CH4 + O2
methane

3. C2H5OH + O2
ethanol
COMBUSTION

4. CH3 - CH2 - CH3 + O2

propane
OXIDATION

(O)
1. CH3 - CH2 - OH
Alkaline
ethanol KMnO4

(O)
2. CH3 - CH2 - CH2 - OH
Alkaline
propanol KMnO4
ADDITION

H2
-C=C-
Pt / Ni

Unsaturated

CH3 – CH = CH - CH3 + Br2

SUBSTITUTION
Sunlight
CH4 + Cl2

Sunlight
CH3 - Cl + Cl2

Sunlight
CH2 Cl2 + Cl2

Sunlight
CH Cl3 + Cl2
SUBSTITUTION

Sunlight
CH3 - CH3 + Cl2
ETHANOL - IMP
Reaction with sodium:

CH3 - CH2 - OH + Na

Dehydration reaction:
170 oC
CH3 - CH2 - OH
Conc. H2SO4
 ETHANOL - IMP

Dehydration reaction:
170 oC
CH3 - CH2 - CH2 - CH2 - OH
Conc. H2SO4
ETHANOIC ACID -IMP
Reaction with base:

CH3 - COOH + NaOH

acid base

CH3 - COOH + Na2CO3

ETHANOIC ACID -IMP

ESTERIFICATION:
Acid
CH3 - COOH + HO - CH2 – CH3
ethanoic acid ethanol Catalyst

CH3- COO - CH2 – CH3 + NaOH