Chapter 15 – Anticholinergic and

B. Tricyclic Antidepressants
Neuroleptic Drugs
• the term Neuroleptics has replaced older
terminology that belongs to the psychotherapeutic
• blocks Acetylcholine (ACh) agents.
• inactivated by enzyme Acetylcholinesterase
• also known as; Chlopromazine and Promethazone (Phenothiazine
a. Antimuscarinic agents derivatives) – where the first neuroleptics synthesized
b. Cholinergic blockers in the 1950s and are the prototype for all psychoactive
compounds
2 Types of Cholinergic Blockers
Toxicity Symptoms:
a. Nicotinic Receptors •CNS depression
•are present in plasma membranes of dendrites •seizures
& cell bodies of both SNS & PNS postganglionic •cardiac arrhythmias
neurons, at neuromascular junction, & in the •Extrapyramidal symptoms
spinal chord.

• activation of these receptors triggers

postsynaptic neuronal excitation and skeletal
muscle contraction.

b. Muscarinic Receptors
•are present in on cell membranes of smooth
and cardiac muscle and sweat glands.

•activation of this receptors delivers stimulation

or inhibition, depending on the effector organ.

A. Antihistamines. GI and Antiparkinson Drugs

Belladonna alkaloids – derived from Belladonna

(Deadly Nightshade)

Alkaloids related to Belladonna:

•Solanaceous alkaloids
•L-hyoscyamine
•Scopolamine
•Atropine

Common ADR:
•Dry mouth
•Mydriasis
•Dyspnea
•Headache
•Dysuria

Physostigmine – treatment for anticholinergic

Poisoning

Toxicology Notes