1220 - when the obligation is already remitted by the creditor any of the solidary debtors can’t

demand reimbursement from his co-debtors

1221 - when the prestation is lost without the fault of the solidary debtors then the obligation is
extinguished. When through the fault of the solidary debtors then they will proportionately divide the
said obligation plus payment for the damages and interest.

1222 - solidary debtors can avail defenses in case the creditor act against any one of the debtors
related to the obligation.

1223 - Divisible obligation is if the person obliged to perform it can do so partially. An obligation is
indivisible if the person obliged to perform it can do so only totally or completely, not partially.
Obligations may be divisible or indivisible. The fact that the object of the obligation where there is
only one debtor and only one creditor is divisible or indivisible does not in any way change the nature
and effect of such obligation

1224 - If one of the debtors is insolvent or fails to pay his share, the others will not be liable for his
share who already performed their part do not become liable. The obligation may transform but
cannot increase. If this transformation caused damages to them, they may recover such damages
from the debtor who failed to perform.

1225 - obligations that are considered indivisible are obligation to give definite things, obligation that
cannot be done partially, or when the law says so. Obligations that are considered divisible are those
obligations is the execution of a certain number of days of work, when it can be done partially and/or
the debtor is required to pay in installments.

1226 - The penal clause is an accessory undertaking to assume greater liability in case of breach, to
insure performance of the obligation.

1227 - the debtor cannot just pay the penalty to avoid obligation and neither can the creditor demand
for the fulfillment of the obligation and of the penalty at the same time. But if the obligation is
impossible to fulfill without the fault of the creditor then the penalty can be demanded by him

1228 - it doesn’t mean that when the creditor suffered damages he can demand for penalty, it is only
possible when there is a breach on obligation of the debtor. Also the creditor cannot demand more
than the penalty agreed even if he suffered damage exceeding the penalty.

1229 - the court may reduce a penalty stipulated in the contract,when the principal obligation has
been partly or irregularly fulfilled and the court can see that the person demanding the penalty has
received the benefit of such or irregular performance. In such case the court is authorized to reduce
the penalty to the extent of the benefits received by the party enforcing the penalty.

1230 - Because the penal clause is only an accessory to the principal obligation, it cannot exist alone.
If the penal clause is void, the principal obligation remains enforceable.