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Linear Combination: 3.4 Linear Dependence and Span P. Danziger
Linear Combination: 3.4 Linear Dependence and Span P. Danziger
Danziger
Linear Combination
v = a1v1 + a2v2 + . . . + ak vk
for some scalars a1, a2, . . . , ak , is called a linear
combination of v1, v2, . . . , vk .
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3.4 Linear Dependence and Span P. Danziger
Example 2
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3.4 Linear Dependence and Span P. Danziger
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3.4 Linear Dependence and Span P. Danziger
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3.4 Linear Dependence and Span P. Danziger
Span
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3.4 Linear Dependence and Span P. Danziger
Example 5
0 −1 z − 3x
1 1 x
0 1 x−1 y R3 → R3 + R2
2
0 −1 z − 3x
1 1 x
0 1 1
x − 2y
1
0 0 z − 2x − 2 y
So solutions when 4x + y − 2z = 0. Thus
span{v1, v2} is the plane 4x + y − 2z = 0.
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3.4 Linear Dependence and Span P. Danziger
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3.4 Linear Dependence and Span P. Danziger
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3.4 Linear Dependence and Span P. Danziger
In general
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3.4 Linear Dependence and Span P. Danziger
Linear Independence
c1v1 + c2v2 + . . . + ck vk = 0
has only the trivial solution
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3.4 Linear Dependence and Span P. Danziger
Example 7
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3.4 Linear Dependence and Span P. Danziger
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3.4 Linear Dependence and Span P. Danziger
Example 8
Determine whether v1 = (1, 1, 1), v2 = (2, 2, 2)
and v3 = (1, 0, 1) are linearly dependent or inde-
pendent.
Proof:
−a
av1 + bv2 = 0 ⇔ v2 = v1
b
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3.4 Linear Dependence and Span P. Danziger
Example 10
Determine whether v1 = (1, 1, 3) and v2 = (1, 3, 1),
v3 = (3, 1, 1) and v4 = (3, 3, 3) are linearly depen-
dent.
1 1 3 3 0
1 3 1 3 0
3 1 1 3 0
Since the number of columns is greater then the
number of rows, we can see immediately that this
system will have infinite solutions.
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