Vector Space, Linear Mappings, System of Equations, Basis, Rank

and Linear Independence & Dependence

1. Show that {1, 𝑡, 𝑡 2 , 𝑡 3 , . . . , 𝑡 𝑛 } is a basis of V (the vector space V of polynomials in 𝑡

of degree ≤ 𝑛); hence dim 𝑉=𝑛 + 1.
2. How to show that a set of vectors do not span Rn ?
3. How do you show that vectors (1, -2,3) and (-2,7, -9) do not span R3 but span R2 ?
4. Show that 𝑢1 = (1,2,5), 𝑢2 = (1,3,7), and 𝑢3 = (1, −1, −1) do not span 𝑅 3 .
5. Is v = [2, 1, 5] is a linear combination of 𝑢1 = [1, 2, 1], 𝑢2 = [1, 0, 2], 𝑢3 = [1, 1, 0]?
6. Let V be the vector space and let v1 = [1, 2, 1]; v2 = [1, 0, 2]; v3 = [1, 1, 0]. Does S =
{v1, v2, v2} span V?
7. Let V be the vector space P2. Let S = {p1(t), p2(t)} where
p1(t) = t2 + 2t + 1
p2(t) = t2 + 2
Does S span V?
8. Are the vectors v1 = [1, 0, 1, 2], v2 = [0, 1, 1, 2] and v3 = [1, 1, 1, 3] in R4 linearly
independent or linearly dependent?
9. Determine whether the polynomials 𝑢, 𝑣, 𝑤 are dependent where 𝑢 = 𝑡 3 + 4𝑡 2 −
2𝑡 + 3, 𝑣 = 𝑡 3 + 6𝑡 2 − 𝑡 + 4, 𝑤 = 3𝑡 3 + 8𝑡 2 − 8𝑡 + 7.
10. Let v1 = [1, 2, −1], v2 = [1, −2, 1], v3 = [−3, 2, −1], and v4 = [2, 0, 0] in R3. Is S =
{v1, v2, v3, v4} linearly dependent or linearly independent?
11. Determine whether S = {[1, 2], [1, −1]} is a basis for R2.
12. Determine whether S = {[−1, 2], [1, −2], [2, 4]} is a basis for R2.
13. Consider the following subspaces of 𝑅 4 :
𝑈 = {(𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑑): 𝑏 + 𝑐 + 𝑑 = 0} and 𝑊 = {(𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑑): 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 0, 𝑐 = 2𝑑}
Then, find the dimension and a basis of 𝑈 and 𝑊.
14. If S = {v1, v2, ..., vn} is a basis for a vector space V, then every set containing more
than n vectors is linearly dependent.
15. If S = {v1, v2, ..., vn} is a basis for a vector space V, then every set containing less
than n vectors does not span V.
16. Let 𝑇: 𝑅 3 → 𝑅 3 be the linear mapping defined by 𝑇(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = (𝑥 − 3𝑦 − 𝑧, 5𝑦 +
𝑧, 3𝑥 − 9𝑦 − 7𝑧). Find a basis and the dimension of the image 𝑈 of 𝑇.
17. Let V = P3 and let S = {1, t, t2, t3}. Show that S is a basis for V.
18. Let S = {v1, v2, ..., vk} be a basis for V. Then every vector in V can be written
uniquely as a linear combination of vectors in S
19. Let 𝑇: 𝑅 4 → 𝑅 3 be the linear mapping defined by 𝑇(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧, w) = (5𝑥 + 2𝑦 −
3𝑧, 2𝑦 + 3𝑧, 5𝑥 + 7𝑦 − 9𝑧). Find a basis and the dimension of the image 𝑈 of 𝑇.
20. Let S span a vector space V, then there is a subset of S that is a basis for V.
21. Let 𝑇: 𝑅 2 → 𝑅 3 be the linear mapping defined by 𝑇(𝑥, 𝑦) = (x + 𝑦 + 𝑧, 3𝑥 + 𝑦 −
2𝑧, 3x + 7𝑦 + 5𝑧). Find a basis and the dimension of the image 𝑈 of 𝑇.
22. If S = {v1, v2, ..., vn} is a basis for a vector space V and T = {w1, w2, ..., wk} is a
linearly independent set of vectors in V, then k ≤ n.
23. Let 𝑇: 𝑅 3 → 𝑅 3 be the linear mapping defined by 𝑇(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = (𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 𝑧, 𝑦 +
𝑧, 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 2𝑧). Find a basis and the dimension of the image 𝑈 of 𝑇.
24. Let S = {v1, v2, ..., vk} be a linearly independent set of vectors in a vector space V.
Then there are vectors vk+1, ..., vn such that {v1, v2, ..., vk, vk+1, ..., vn} is a basis
for V.
25. The vectors e1 = (1, 0, . . ., 0), e2 = (0, 1, 0, . . ., 0), . . ., en = (0, . . ., 0, 1) span Fn.
Hence Fn is finite-dimensional. Let S = {v1, v2, ... , vk} be a basis for V. Then every
vector in V can be written uniquely as a linear combination of vectors in S
26. i. Show there is a unique linear map 𝑇: 𝑅 2 → 𝑅 2 for which 𝑇(3,1) = (2, −4) and
𝑇(1,1) = (0,2).
ii. Find a formula for 𝑇, 𝑖. 𝑒., find 𝑇(𝑎, 𝑏).
iii. Find 𝑇 −1 (5, −3).
27. The set {x2, x, 1} is a basis for the vector space of polynomials in x with real coefficients
having a degree at most 2.
28. Let V be an n-dimensional vector space and let S be a set with n vectors. Then the
following are equivalent.
i. S is a basis for V.
ii. S is linearly independent.
iii. S spans V.
29. Show that 𝑊 is a subspace of 𝑉 = 𝑅 3 where 𝑊 = {(𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐): 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 0}.
30. Let F denote a field. Give a basis for F4.
31. Show that (?) 𝑊 is a subspace of 𝑉 (vector space of all functions from the real field 𝑅
into 𝑅) where 𝑊 = {𝑓: 𝑓(2n) = 𝑓(2n + 5)}.
32. Show that 𝑊 is a subspace of 𝑉 (vector space of all functions from the real field 𝑅
into 𝑅) where 𝑊 = {𝑓: 𝑓(7) = 𝑓(1)}.
33. Determine whether or not 𝑣 = (13,9, −4) in 𝑅 3 is a linear combination of 𝑢1 =
(−2,0,3), 𝑢2 = (3,0, −1) and 𝑢3 = (−1,2,1), that is, whether or not 𝑣 ∈
𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛(𝑢1 , 𝑢2 , 𝑢3 ).
34. Determine whether or not 𝑣 = (3, −4, −2) in 𝑅 3 is a linear combination of 𝑢1 =
(1, ,0,3), 𝑢2 = (2,0, −1) and 𝑢3 = (2,2,1), that is, whether or not 𝑣 ∈
𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛(𝑢1 , 𝑢2 , 𝑢3 ).
35. Determine whether or not 𝑣 = (3,9, −4, −2) in 𝑅 4 is a linear combination of 𝑢1 =
(1, −2,0,3), 𝑢2 = (2,3,0, −1) and 𝑢3 = (2, −1,2,1), that is, whether or not 𝑣 ∈
𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛(𝑢1 , 𝑢2 , 𝑢3 ).
36. Solve the given system:
5x1 − 2x2 + 3x3 = 0
6x1 + x2 − 7x3 = 0
− x1 + 3x2 + x3 = 0
37. Solve the following system:
3x - 2y + z = 0,
x - y = 0,
3x + 2y - z + w = 0.
38. Test for consistency of the following system of linear equations and if possible, solve:
x + 2 y − z = 3, 3x − y + 2z = 1, x − 2 y + 3z = 3, x − y + z +1 = 0.
39. Test for consistency of the following system of linear equations and if possible, solve:
4x − 2 y + 6z = 8, x + y − 3z = −1, 15x − 3y + 9z = 21.
40. Test for consistency of the following system of linear equations and if possible, solve:
x − y + z = −9, 2x − 2 y + 2z = −18, 3x − 3y + 3z + 27 = 0.
41. Test the consistency of the following system of linear equations: x − y + z = −9, 2x − y + z = 4,
3x − y + z = 6, 4x − y + 2z = 7.
42. How many solutions does the following system of linear equations have?
−𝑥 + 5𝑦 = −1; 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 2; 𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 3.
43. Find an orthonormal basis in the subspace R4 spanned by all solutions of
x+2y+3z−6j=0. Then express vector b= (1,1,1,1) to this basis.
44. Let u and v be orthogonal vectors. If u + v and u − v are orthogonal, show that |u| = |v|.
45. Find an orthonormal basis of the subspace 𝑊 of 𝑅 4 spanned by 𝑣1 = (-1,1, -1,1), 𝑣2 =
(-1, -2,4, -5), 𝑣3 = (1, −3, −4, −2).
46. Find an orthonormal basis of the subspace 𝑊 of 𝑅 3 spanned by 𝑣1 = (1,1,1), 𝑣2 =
(2,4,5), 𝑣3 = (−3, −4, −2).
47. Find an orthonormal basis of the subspace 𝑊 of 𝑅 2 spanned by 𝑣1 = (1,1), 𝑣2 = (4,5),
𝑣3 = (−4, −2).
48. Find an orthonormal basis of the subspace 𝑊 of 𝑅 3 spanned by 𝑣1 = (3,2,1), 𝑣2 =
(2,4,5), 𝑣3 = (1, −4, −2).
49. Find an orthonormal basis of the subspace 𝑊 of 𝑅 5 spanned by 𝑣1 = (5,1,1,1,1),
𝑣2 = (7,1,2,4,5), 𝑣3 = (9,1, −3, −4, −2).
50. Find an orthonormal basis of the subspace 𝑊 of 𝑅 6 spanned by 𝑣1 = (7,8,1,1,1,1),
𝑣2 = (9,6,1,2,4,5), 𝑣3 = (4,5,1, −3, −4, −2).