10.5644/Herb.16.1.

01

Herbologia, Vol. 16, No. 1, 2016.

PRELIMINARY LIST OF INVASIVE ALIEN PLANT SPECIES (IAS) IN

BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

Semir Maslo
Primary School, Lundåkerskola, Gislaved, Sweden E.mail: semmas@edu.gislaved.se

Abstract

As a result of 20 years of field research as well as herbarium and

literature searches, a preliminary list of invasive alien plant species has been
compiled and is presented here. It numbers 50 taxa, which equals 10% of the
alien flora of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The invasive alien flora was further
analyzed with respect to taxonomy, life forms, geographic origin, first record
and habitat type. The most common family is Asteraceae s.l. (19 taxa; 38%)
and the predominant life form is therophytes (56%). The majority of the plant
invasive alien species originate from North America (52%).

Keywords: invasive alien plants, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Balkans

Introduction

Plant invasion has been recognized as one of the most serious

environmental problems which impact the structure, composition and
function of natural and semi-natural ecosystems (Mooney & Hobbs, 2000).
According to Genovesi & Shine (2003), invasive alien species have been
pointed out as the second cause of species extinction at the world level (after
habitat deterioration or loss).
Due to the concept of Richardson et al. (2000) and Pyšek et al.
(2004), plant invasive alien species (IAS) are defined as “naturalized plants
that produce reproductive offspring, often in very large numbers, at
considerable distances from parent plants, and thus have the potential to
spread over large areas (produce reproductive offspring more than 100 m in
less than 50 years through generative reproduction/or more than 6 m in three
years through vegetative reproduction)”.
According to data available in “Overview and status of Biological and
Landscape Diversity in Bosnia and Herzegovina” (Redžić et al, 2008) 4569
taxa of vascular flora have been registered in the territory of Bosnia and
Herzegovina. Based on available records, it is estimated that in the territory
of Bosnia and Herzegovina occur more than 500 alien species, of which
many got adapted in natural habitats. A significant number of them live only
in crops (Redžić et al., 2008).

1
 S. Maslo

In about one third of Bosnia and Herzegovina plant invanders the first
records of their occurrence in the wild are more than a century old
(Struschka, 1880: Murbeck, 1891; Malý, 1899; 1908; 1912), but with the
majority of them quick expansion of populations took place in the last 50
years. Since the 1950s a few works giving findings of alien flora from
various areas in Bosnia and Herzegovina have been published (Korica,1952;
Bjelčić, 1954; Kovačević, 1957; Slavnić, 1960, 1964; Šilić, 1972/73, 1973;
Obradović & Budak, 1982; Bjelčić & Stefanović, 1986; Abadžić, 1986/87;
Mišić, 1998; Šilić & Abadžić, 2000: Šoljan & Muratović, 2000, 2002, 2004;
Šoljan et al, 2003;, Topalić-Trivunović, 2004, 2008, Tomović-Hadžiavdić &
Šoljan, 2006; Vojniković, 2009, 2015; Maslo, 2010, 2012, 2014a, 2014b,
2015; Petrović et al, 2011; Šoljan, 2011; Maslo & Abadžić, 2015; Memišević
Hodžić et al, 2015). There are no published complete lists or analyses of alien
flora in Bosnia and Herzegovina as a whole.

Table 1. List of plant invasive alien species (IAS) in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Life
Taxon Family Origin 1st record/autor Habitat type
form

Abutilon theophrasti
Malvaceae T As-E Struschka, 1880 Waste places, cultivated soils.
Medik.
Tomović-
Am-
Acer negundo L. Aceraceae P Hadžiavdić. & Riverine forest, waste places.
C&N
Šoljan, 2006

Ailanthus altisima Ruderalis/widespread, waste

Simaroubaceae P As-E Struschka. 1880
(Mill.) Sw. places, railways, rocklands.

Amaranthus retroflexus Ruderalis, waste places,

Amaranthaceae T Am-N Struschka. 1880
L. cultivated soils, city lawns.

Ambrosia Waste places, cultivated soils.

Asteraceae T Am-N Maly, 1940
artemisiifolia L. river banks, city lawns.

Amorpha fruticosa L. Fabaceae P Am-N Beck , 1927 River banks.

Ruderalis/widespread, waste
Artemisia annua L. Asteraceae T As-E Murbeck ,1891
places, railways.

Artemisia verlotiorum Redžić et al., Ruderalis, waste places,

Asteraceae H As-E
L. 2008 railways.

Asclepias syriaca L. Asclepiadaceae H Am-N Maly, 1928 Wet meadows.

Aster squamatus Am- Ruderalis/waste places, river

Asteraceae T Maslo, 2014a.
(Spreng.) Heiron C&S banks.

Ruderalis/waste places, river

Bidens frondosa L. Asteraceae T Am-N Bjelčić, 1954
banks.

2
 Preliminary list of invasive alien plant species (IAS) in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Bidens subalternans Ilijanić& Ruderalis, waste places,

Asteraceae T Am-S
DC. Hećimović 1983. railways.
Broussonetia Ruderalis/waste places,
papyrifera L`Herit ex Moraceae P As-E Beck ,1916 vegetation near the road sides.
Vent.

Ruderalis, vegetation near the

Chamomilla
road sides.
suaveolens (Pursh) Asteraceae T Am-S Maly, 1912
aste places, vegetation near the
Rydb
road sides.

Chenopodium Ruderalis, vegetation near the

Chenopodiaceae T Am-T Beck ,1916 road sides.
ambrosioides L.

Conyza bonariensis Ruderalis, waste places,

Asteraceae T Am-C Lasić et al, 2010
(L.) Cronq. railways.

Conyza canadensis (L.)

Asteraceae T Am-N Struschka, 1880 Ruderalis/widespread.
Cronq.

Cuscuta campestris Ruderalis, submediterranean

Cuscutaceae T Am-N Beck et al, 1967
Yunker shrublands and rocklands.

Datura stramonium L. Solanaceae T Am-N Struschka, 1880 Ruderalis/widespread.

Duchesnea indica
Rosaceae H As-E Maslo, 2014b City lawns, grasslands.
(Andrews) Focke
Slavnić, 1964 (in
Abadžić,
Echinocystis lobata 1986/87). Ruderalis/waste places, river
Cucurbitaceae T Am-N
(Michx.) Torr. et Gray BOS. banks.
GRADIŠKA

Eleusine indica (L.) City lawns, trampled habitats,

Poaceae T As Mišić, 1987
Gaertn. cracks in the asphalt.

Elodea canadensis Stagnant water, channels,

Hydrocharitaceae Hy Am-N Maly, 1928
Michx shalow lakes, ditches.

Erigeron annuus (L.) Ruderalis/widespread, waste

Asteraceae T Am-N Murbeck ,1891
Pers. ssp. annuus places, shrublands.

Ruderalis, trampled habitats,

Euphorbia maculata L. Euphorbiaceae T Am-N Slavnić, 1960
railways..

Euphorbia prostrata Ruderalis, trampled habitats,

Euphorbiaceae T Am-N Maslo, 2014b
Aiton along roads and railway lines.

Galinsoga ciliata Disturbed habitats, weed in

Asteraceae T Am-S Beck et al, 1983
(Raf.) S.F.Blake gardens.

Galinsoga parviflora Ruderalis/waste places, weed

Asteraceae T Am-S Maly, 1933
Cav. in crops and gardens.

Helianthus tuberosus Along roads and railways, river

Asteraceae G Am-N Beck et al, 1983
L. banks, ditches, dikes.

Impatiens glandulifera Along rivers, around dumpsites

Balsaminaceae T As Maly, 1935
Royle and in disturbed habitats.

3
 S. Maslo

Semi-natural and man-made

Juncus tenuis Willd.. Juncaceae H Am-N Maly, 1935
habitats.

City lawns, along roads and

Lepidium virginicum L. Brassicaceae T Am-N Maly, 1923
railways, cracks in the asphalt.

Ruderalis/waste places, on
Oenanthera biennis L. Onagraceae H Am-N Beck ,1927 river banks, near roads and
railways.

Mediterranean rocklands, in
Opuntia vulgaris Mill. Cactaceae Ch Am-N Maslo, 2014b
rocky, sandy and grassy areas.

Panicum capillare L. Poaceae T Am-N Slavnić, 1960 Along roads and railways.

Parthenocissus Along rivers and forest

quinquefolia (L.) Vitaceae P Am-N Beck ,1916 margins, climbing and coiling
Planchon. around trees.

Paspalum paspalodes Ruderalis, city lawns, river

Poaceae G Am-N Bajić, 1954
(Michx.) Scribn. banks.

Phytolacca americana Abandoned and ruderal places,

Phytolaccaceae G Am-N Maly, 1908
L. margins of forests, in gardens.

Pueraria thunbergiana Along rivers and forest

Fabaceae P As-E Maslo, 2014b
Benth. margins, coiling around trees.

Reynoutria japonica Man-made habitats, along

Polygonaceae G As Trinajstić, 1990
Houtt. roads and railways, dumpsites.

Robinia pseudoacacia Natural forests, along roads,

Fabaceae P Am-N Struschka 1880
L. railways, river banks.

Along rivers and forest

Rudbeckia laciniata L. Asteraceae H Am-N Slavnić, 1960
margins, wetlands.

Solanum
Solanaceae T Am-S Lasić et al, 2010 Ruderalis/waste places.
elaeagnifolium Cav.

Along rivers and forest

Solidago canadensis L. Asteraceae H Am-N Beck et al, 1983
margins, roadsides, gardens.

Maly, 1933
Solidago gigantea Along rivers and forest
Asteraceae H Am-N
Aiton margins, roadsides, gardens.
TREBEVIĆ

Sorghum halepense Grassy and sandy places, in

Poaceae G As Struschka 1880
(L.) Pers. crops as a weed, roadsides.

Maly, 1935 Waste places, along roads,

Tagetes minuta L. Asteraceae T Am-S
MOSTAR railways, vineyards, farmland.

Veronica persica Poir. Scrophulariaceae T As -W Maly, 1899 Widespred

4
 Preliminary list of invasive alien plant species (IAS) in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Ruderalis/waste places, along

Xantthium spinosum L. Asteraceae T Am-S Struschka, 1880
roads, railways, river banks.

Xanthium strumarium
Am- Murbeck ,1891 Man-made and disturbed
L. ssp. italicum Asteraceae T
N&S habitats, river banks and dikes.
(Moretti) D.Löve

Although occasional attention has been paid to the alien flora in

Bosnia and Herzegovina, ecological studies on plant invasion are still scanty.
Some data exist but the authors do not rely on the criteria set by Richardson
et al. (2000) and Pyšek et al. (2004), and their lists include some taxa that
belong to the autochthonous flora of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Redžić et al,
2008; Vojniković, 2009). Both of these lists have even included a taxon that
does not exist in the flora of Bosnia and Herzegovina, namely Bidens
bipinnata L. According to Trinajstić (1993) all the previous states of B.
bipinnata in the Eastern Adriatic Littoral refer to the taxon Bidens
subalternans DC. This is also confirmed by my own field research in South
Herzegovina. This work contains the first preliminary list of invasive alien
plant species (IAS) of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Materials and methods

The preliminary check-list of invasive alien plant species in Bosnia

and Herzegovina is mainly created according to literature data and my own
field observations. All relevant literature concerning alien species, their first
records and their spread in the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina was
examined.
Plant nomenclature follows Nikolić (ed.) (2015). In this work
theAsteraceae family is perceived in a broader sense (sensu lato), namely
Asteraceae and Cichoriaceae together.
In the list of invasive alien flora (Tab. 1.), taxa were listed in
alphabetic order. The invasiveness of species is estimated according to
Richardson et al. (2000). The life-form categories follow Raunkiaer (1934)
and are marked with the standard abbreviations in the list of urban flora: Ch
(Chamaephytes), G (Geophytes), H (Hemmicriptophytes), Hy (Hydrophytes),
P (Phanerophytes) and T (Therophytes).
Data about the geographic origin of invasive alien taxa were taken
mostly from the available literature (see References).

5
 S. Maslo

Table 2. Taxonomic spectrum of families of IAS in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Family No. of taxa %

Asteraceae 19 38.00
Poaceae 4 8.00
Fabaceae 3 6.00
Euphorbiaceae 2 4.00
Solanaceae 2 4.00
Aceraceae 1 2.00
Amaranthaceae 1 2.00
Asclepiadaceae 1 2.00
Balsaminaceae 1 2.00
Brassicaceae 1 2.00
Cactaceae 1 2.00
Chenopodiaceae 1 2.00
Cucurbitaceae 1 2.00
Cuscutaceae 1 2.00
Hydrocharitaceae 1 2.00
Juncaceae 1 2.00
Malvaceae 1 2.00
Moraceae 1 2.00
Onagraceae 1 2.00
Phytolaccaceae 1 2.00
Polygonaceae 1 2.00
Rosaceae 1 2.00
Scrophulariaceae 1 2.00
Simaroubaceae 1 2.00
Vitaceae 1 2.00

Results and discussion

The preliminary check-list of invasive alien plant species (IAS) in

Bosnia and Herzegovina consist of 50 taxa and is presented in Tab. 1. The list
consists of IAS that belong to 43 genera and 25 families (Tab. 2.), the
majority of which (22 familes with 44 taxa) belong to dicotyledones.
Monocotyledones are represented by only 3 families with 6 taxa. The family
with the highest number of IAS is Asteraceae, which included 19 invasive
taxa, which account for more than one third of all IAS in Bosnia and
Herzegovina. Other families with a considerable number of invasive taxa are
Poaceae and Fabaceae, with 4 respectively 3 taxa, while the other families are
represented with two taxa or only one taxon (Tab. 2). Comparisons with the

6
 Preliminary list of invasive alien plant species (IAS) in Bosnia and Herzegovina

invasive floras of Croatia (Boršić et al., 2008), Montenegro (Stešević &

Petrović, 2010), Serbia (Lazarević et al., 2012) and Europe (Lambdon et al.,
2008), show that the representation of the richest families is very similar, and
that these are mostly global plant families. The family Asteraceae not only is
an important contributor of IAS in Bosnia and Herzegovina, but also is the
largest dicotyledonous family and one of the notorious contributors to the
naturalized flora of the world (Pyšek, 1998).The most abundant genera are
Artemisia, Bidens, Conyza, Euphorbia, Galinsoga, Solidago and Xanthium
which all are represented with two taxa (Tab. 1).
An analysis of life-forms of IAS in Bosnia and Herzegovina (Fig. 1.)
shows the predominance of therophytes with 28 taxa (56% of all IAS),
followed by hemmicriptophytes with 8 taxa (16%), phanerophytes with 7
taxa (14%) and geophytes with 5 taxa (10%), while the least abundant are
chamaephytes and hydrophytes with only one taxon each (2%). The greatest
procentage of recorded therophytes is similar to the alien floras of other
countries in the region (Boršić et al., 2008; Stešević & Petrović, 2010). On
the other hand, such a high presence of therophytes also matches their
dominance in the native flora of the area. Quite a large proportion of
phanerophytes is connected with significant introductions of ornamental and
cultivated species of trees and shrubs.

Figure 1. Life-form analysis of invasive alien plant species (IAS) in Bosnia

and Herzegovina.

An analysis of the geographical origin of IAS in Bosnia and

Herzegovina (Tab. 3) showed that the most plants originated from the
Americas (37 taxa, 74%), among which most originate from North America
(26 taxa, 52%). Plants that originate from Asia are also significantly
represented (13 taxa, 26%). The IAS of Bosnia and Herzegovina primarily

7
 S. Maslo

has American and Asian origins, similar to other countries in this region
including Croatia (Boršić et al., 2008), Montenegro (Stešević & Petrović,
2010) and Serbia (Lazarević et al., 2012).

Table 3. Origin analysis of invasive alien plant species (IAS) in Bosnia and
Herzegovina.
Geografic region/subregion No. of taxa %
Central America 1
Central & North America 1
Central & South America 1
AMERICA North America 26 37 74.00
North & South America 1
South America 6
Tropical America 1
Asia 5
ASIA East Asia 7 13 26.00
West Asia 1
TOTAL 50 100.00

Up to now five taxa of IAS have distribution restricted only to Bosnia,

mostly in the Posavina region: Asclepias syriaca, Chamomilla suaveolens,
Echinocystis lobata, Impatiens glandulifera and Solidago gigantea.
According to distribution maps in FCD (Nikolić (ed.), 2013) almost all given
taxa have the same continental distributions in neighbouring Croatia.
Due to the favorable climate and higher level of disturbance the
Mediterranean part of the country hosted significantly higher number of IAS
than continental-mountainous. IAS (12 taxa) typical for the Mediterranean
part of the country are: Artemisia verlotiorum, Aster squamatus, Bidens
subalternans, Broussonetia papyrifera, Conyza bonariensis, Duchesnea
indica, Eleusine indica, Euphorbia prostra, Opuntia vulgaris, Paspalum
paspalodes, Pueraria thunbergiana, Solanum elaeagnifolium and Tagetes
minuta. Other taxa (33) are distributed in both parts of the country (Fig. 2).

8
Preliminary list of invasive alien plant species (IAS) in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Figure 2. Preliminary data on the distribution of some invasive alien plant

species in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

9
 S. Maslo

Conclusions

The preliminary check-list of invasive alien plant species (IAS) in

Bosnia and Herzegovina consists of 50 taxa belonging to 43 genera and 25
families.The families with the highest number of IAS are Asteraceae,
Poaceae and Fabaceae.
In the spectrum of life forms therophytes are prevailing, while due to
its native range, the majority of IAS has North American origin. Due to the
favourable climate and higher level of disturbance the Mediterranean part of
the country is more favourable for alien plant species than the continental
one.
It is important to note that my results in this study did not include
several well-know invasive taxa, which were recorded in the country, such as
Heracleum mantegazzianum Sommier & Lévier, Paspalum dilatatum Poir
and Senecio inaequidens DC, due to their short residence times in to the
area,and limited amount of herbarium records of these species. Therefore,
further studies are highly recommended in the future.

Acknowledgement I would like to thank to Aldin Boškailo on the mapping of distribution

of species as well as my colleague Jessica Andersson for improving the English of this paper.

References

ABADŽIĆ, S., 1986-1987: Prilog poznavanju horologije i ekologije dviju adventivnih vrsta
– Echinocystis lobata (Michx) Torrey et Gray i Bidens bipinnata L. u flori Bosne i
Hercegovine. Glasnik Zemaljskog muzeja Bosne i Hercegovine (Prirodne nauke,
Nova serija) 25-26: 71-77.
BAJIĆ, D., 1954: Neke nove i ređe vrste u flori Bosne i Hercegovine. Acta ichtyologica
Bosniae et Hercegovinae 3, 71-81.
BECK-MANNAGETTA, G., 1916: Flora Bosne, Hercegovine i novopazarskog Sandžaka
2(7). Glasnik Zemaljskog muzeja u Bosni i Hercegovini 28(1): 41-168.
BECK-MANNAGETTA, G., 1927: Flora Bosne i Hercegovine i oblasti Novog Pazara 3,
Horipetalae. Srpska kraljevska akademija, Posebna izdanja 63, Prirodnjački i
matematički spisi 15; 1-487.
BECK, G., MALÝ, K. & BJELČIĆ, Ž., 1967: Flora Bosnae et Hercegovinae 4, Sympetalae,
2. Zemaljski muzej Bosne i Hercegovine u Sarajevu, Prirodnjačko odjeljenje,
Posebno izdanje 2: 1-111.
BECK, G., MALÝ, K. & BJELČIĆ, Ž., 1983: Flora Bosnae et Hercegovinae 4, Sympetalae
4: Zemaljski muzej Bosne i Hercegovine u Sarajevu, Prirodnjačko odjeljenje,
Posebno izdanje 4: 1-188.
BJELČIĆ, Ž., 1954: Flora i vegetacija bare Velika Tišina kod Bos. Šamca. Godišnjak
Biološkog instituta Univerziteta u Sarajevu, 7, 1-2: 188-189. Sarajevo.
BJELČIĆ, Ž., V. STEFANOVIĆ, 1986: Phytolacca americana L. u flori i vegetaciji Bosne i
Hercegovine. Godišnjak Biološkog instituta Univerziteta u Sarajevu, 5: 5-11.
Sarajevo.

10
 Preliminary list of invasive alien plant species (IAS) in Bosnia and Herzegovina

BORŠIĆ, I., MILOVIĆ, M., DUJMOVIĆ, I., BOGDANOVIĆ, S., CIGIĆ, P., REŠETNIK,
I., NIKOLIĆ, T. & MITIĆ, B., 2008: Preliminary check-list of invasive alien plant
species (IAS) in Croatia. Nat.Croat. Vol. 17(2).
GENOVESI, P. & SHINE, C., 2003: European strategy on invasive alien species. Council of
Europe T-PVS 2003/7.
ILIJANIĆ, LJ. & HEĆIMOVIĆ, S., 1983: Nova nalazišta adventivne vrste Bidens bipinnata
L. u istočnojadranskom primorju. Acta Bot. Croat. 42, 123-126.
KORICA, D., 1952: Prilog reviziji adventivne i korovske flore Bosne i Hercegovine.
Godišnjak Biološkog instituta u Sarajevu, 5, 1-2, 278-286. Sarajevo.
KOVAČEVIĆ, J., 1957: Rasprostranjenost sjevernoameričkog korova limundžika (Ambrosia
artemisifolia L.) u korovskim fitocenozama Srednje Posavine. Godišnjak Biološkog
instituta u Sarajevu, 10, 1-2, 173-176. Sarajevo.
LAMBDON P. W., PYŠEK P., BASNOU C., HEJDA M., ARIANOUTSOU M., ESSL F.,
JAROŠÍK ... A., ROY D. & HULME P., 2008: Alien flora of Europe: species
diversity, temporal trends, geographical patterns and research needs. Preslia 80:
101–149.
LASIĆ, A., JASPRICA, N. & RUŠČIĆ, M., 2010: Neophytes in the city of Mostar (Bosnia
and Herzegovina). 3th Croatian Botanical Congress, Abstracts: 121, Murter.
LAZAREVIĆ, P., STOJANOVIĆ, V., JELIĆ, I., PERIĆ, R., KRSTESKI, B., AJTIĆ, R.,
SEKULIĆ, N., BRANKOVIĆ, S., SEKULIĆ, G. & BJEDOV, V., 2012:
Preliminarni spisak invazivnih vrsta u Republici Srbiji sa opštim merama kontrole i
suzbijanja kao potpora budućim zakonskim aktima. Zaštita prirode 62(1), 5-31.
MALÝ, K., 1899: Floristički prilozi. Glasnik Zemaljskog muzeja u Bosni i Hercegovini
11(1): 127-150.
MALÝ, K., 1908: Beiträge zur Kenntnis der illyrischen Flora. Magyar botanikai lapok 7(4-
8): 203-240.
MALÝ, K., 1912: Prilozi za floru Bosne i Hercegovine 3. Glasnik Zemaljskog muzeja u
Bosni i Hercegovini 23(4): 587-595.
MALÝ, K., 1923: Prilozi za floru Bosne i Hercegovine 9. Glasnik Zemaljskog muzeja u
Bosni i Hercegovini 35(1): 123-162.
MALÝ, K., 1928: Prilozi za floru Bosne i Hercegovine 10. Glasnik Zemaljskog muzeja u
Bosni i Hercegovini 40(1): 107-166.
MALÝ, K., 1933: Materialien zu G. v. Beck´s Flora des ehemaligen Bosnien-Hercegovina.
Glasnik Zemaljskog muzeja u Bosni i Hercegovini 45(1): 71-142.
MALÝ, K., 1935: Mitteilungen über die flora von Bosnien-Hercegovina. Glasnik
Zemaljskog muzeja u Bosni i Hercegovini 47(1): 101-112.
MALÝ, K., 1940: Notizen zur Flora von Bosnien-Hercegovina. Glasnik Zemaljskog muzeja
Nezavisne države Hrvatske u Bosni i Hercegovini . Prirodne nauke 52(2): 21-46.
MALÝ, K., 1948: Novi oblik vrste Phytolacca americana. Godišnjak Biološkog instituta u
Sarajevu 1 (2), 33-35.
MASLO, S., 2010: Giant hogweed Heracleum mantegazzianum Somier & Levier - a new
non-indigenous species in the flora of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Herbologia, 11(2),
17-24, Sarajevo.
MASLO, S., 2012: Rescue grass Bromus catharticus Vahl. - a new alien species in the flora
of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Herbologia. 13 (1), 31-36, Sarajevo.
MASLO, S., 2014a: Alien flora of Hutovo blato Natural Park (south Bosnia and
Herzegovina). Herbologia. 14 (1), 1-13.
MASLO, S., 2014b: The urban flora of the city of Mostar (Bosnia and Herzegovina). Nat.
Croat. 23 (1), 65–109.
MASLO, S., 2015: Alien flora of the city of Mostar (Bosnia and Herzegovina). Herbologia.
15 (2), 1-16.

11
 S. Maslo

MASLO, S. & ABADŽIĆ S., 2015: Vascular flora of the town of Blagaj (South Bosnia and
Herzegovina). Nat. Croat. 24(1), 59–92.
MEMIŠEVIĆ HODŽIĆ, M., MEJRIĆ, A., SEJDIĆ, A. & OMEROVIĆ, S., 2015: Cadastre
of ragweed`s sites in the Sarajevo canton. Herbologia. 15 (2), 17-26.
MIŠIĆ, LJ. 1998: Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. – nova vrsta trave (Poaceae) u adventivnoj
flori Bosne i Hercegovine. Radovi Poljopriv. Fak. Universiteta u Sarajevu XLIII,
47: 52-55. Sarajevo.
MITIĆ, B., BORŠIĆ, I., DUJMOVIĆ, I., BOGDANOVIĆ, S., MILOVIĆ, M., CIGIĆ, P.,
REŠETNIK, I. & NIKOLIĆ, T., 2008: Alien flora of Croatia: proposals for
standards in terminology, criteria and related database. Nat.Croat. 17, 73-90.
MOONEY, H.A. & HOBBS, R.J. (eds), 2000: Invasive Species in a Changing World. Island
Press, Washington, D.C., USA.
MURBECK, S., 1891: Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Flora von Sudbosnien und der
Hercegovina. Lunds Universitets Arsskrift, 27: 1-182, Lund.
NIKOLIĆ, T., MITIĆ, B. & BORŠIĆ, I., 2009: Flora Hrvatske: Invazivne biljke. Alfa d.o.o.
Zagreb. 6-295.
NIKOLIĆ, T. (ed.), 2015: Flora Croatica baza podataka /Flora croatica Database. On-Line
URL: http://hirc.botanic.hr/fcd. ( Acessed November 2015). Botanički zavod,
Prirodoslovno-matematički fakultet, Sveučilište u Zagrebu.
OBRADOVIĆ, M. & BUDAK, V., 1982: Rudbeckia hirta L. u flori sjeveroistočne Bosne.
Glasnik Zemaljskog muzeja Bosne i Hercegovine, Sarajevo, 21, 87-89.
PETROVIĆ, D., HERCEG, N., KOVAČEVIĆ, Z. & OSTOJIĆ, I., 2011: Distribution of tree
of heaven species Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle in Herzegovina. Herbologija.
12 (1), 111 – 114.
PYŠEK, P., 1998: Is there a taxonomic pattern to plant invasions? Oikos 82, 282-294.
PYŠEK, P., RICHARDSON, D.M., REJMANEK, M., WEBSTER, G.L., WILLIAMSON,
M., & KIRSCHNER, J., 2004: Alien plants in checklists and floras: towards better
communication between taxonomists and ecologists. Taxon, 53(1): 131-143.
RAUNKIAER, C., 1934: The life forms of plants and statical plant geography. Clarendon
Press, Oxford. 632 p.
REDŽIĆ, S., BARUDANOVIĆ, S. & RADOVIĆ, M., eds., 2008: Bosnia and Herzegovina –
Land of Diversity. Overview and status of Biological and Landscape Diversity in
Bosnia and Herzegovina. Federal Ministry of Environment and Tourism, Sarajevo.
RICHARDSON D. M., PYŠEK P., REJMÁNEK M., BARBOUR M. G., PANETTA F. D. &
WEST C. J., 2000: Naturalization and invasion of alien plants: concepts and
definitions. Diversity & Distributions, Oxford, 6: 93–107.
SLAVNIĆ, Ž., 1960: O useljavanju, širenju i odomaćivanju nekih adventivnih biljaka u
Bosni i Hercegovini. Godišnjak Biološkog instituta Univerziteta u Sarajevu, XIII, 1-
2: 117-146. Sarajevo.
SLAVNIĆ, Ž. 1964: Rod Bidens L. u flori Bosne i Hercegovine. Radovi Naučnog društva
SR BiH 25, Odjelj. Privr. – tehn. Nauka, knj. 7: 155-162. Sarajevo.
STEŠEVIĆ, D. & PETROVIĆ, D., 2010: Preliminary list of plant invaders in Montenegro,
Biologica Nyssana 1 (1-2): 35-42.
STRUSCHKA, H., 1880: Die umgebung Mostars. (Jahresb. k. k. Staats-Gymnas., 1880.) 44
pp. Kremsier.
ŠILIĆ, Č., 1972/1973: Nova nalazišta nekih rijetkih i manje poznatih biljnih vrsta u flori
Bosne i Hercegovine. Glasnik Zemaljskog muzeja Bosne i Hercegovine u Sarajevu,
11-12, 59-79
ŠILIĆ, Č., 1973: Tagetes minutus L. – sve masovniji i sve opasniji korov na poloprivrednim
površinama Dalmacije, Hercegovine, Crnogorskog primorja i južne Makedonije.

12
 Preliminary list of invasive alien plant species (IAS) in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Jugoslovenski simpozijum o borbi protiv korova u brdsko-planinskim područjima:

27-34, Sarajevo.
ŠILIĆ, Č. & ABADŽIĆ, S. 2000: Contribution to the knowledge of the neophytic flora of
Bosnia and Herzegovina. Herbologia. 1(1), 29 – 40.
ŠOLJAN, D. & MURATOVIĆ, E., 2000: Rasprostranjenost vrste Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.
na području grada Sarajeva. Herbologia. 1(1), 41-47.
ŠOLJAN, D. & MURATOVIĆ, E., 2002: Rasprostranjenost vrste Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.
u Bosni i Hercegovini. Herbologia. 3(1), 107-111.
ŠOLJAN, D. & MURATOVIĆ, E., 2004: Rasprostranjenost vrste Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.
u Bosni i Hercegovini (II). Herbologia. 5(1), 1-5.
ŠOLJAN, D., ABADŽIĆ, S. & MURATOVIĆ, E., 2003: Neophytes in flora of Bosnia and
Herzegovina. 3th International Balkan Botanical Congress, Abstracts: 197,
Sarajevo.
ŠOLJAN, D., 2011: Sedum sarmentosum Bunge (Crassulaceae), an allochthonous species in
the flora of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Herbologia. 12(3), 15-21.
TOMOVIĆ-HADŽIAVDIĆ, V. & ŠOLJAN, D., 2006: Urbana flora Sarajeva. /Urban Flora
of Sarajevo./ GZM (PN) NS 32:121-135, Sarajevo.
TOPALIĆ-TRIVUNOVIĆ, LJ. & ŠUMATIĆ, N., 2004: Reynoutria japonica Houtt.-
Invasive species in ruderal flora of Banja Luka. Acta herbologica. 13(1), 13-18.
TOPALIĆ-TRIVUNOVIĆ, LJ. & PAVLOVIĆ-MURATSPAHIĆ, D., 2008: Adventive flora
of the Banja Luka Region. Acta herbologica. 17(1), 109-117.
TRINAJSTIĆ, I., 1990: Prilog poznavanju rasprostranjena vrste Reynoutria japonica Houtt.
(Polygonaceae) u Jugoslaviji. Fragmenta herbologica Jugoslavica, 19(2), 139-143.
TRINAJSTIĆ, I., 1993: Bidens subalternans DC. in the neophytic flora of Croatia. Acta
Botanica Croatica 52, 107-112.
VOJNIKOVIĆ, S. 2009: Crna lista flore. Hrvatska misao (Matica hrvatska Sarajevo). 50(1),
nova serija, sv. 36, 85-95.
VOJNIKOVIĆ, S. 2015: Tall cone flower (Rudbeckia laciniata L.) – new invasive species in
the flora of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Herbologia, 15(1), 39-47.

13
 S. Maslo

Appendix 1. Invasive alien plant species in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Figure 1. Some invasive alien plant species in Bosnia and Herzegovina:

a. Asclepias syriaca; b. Bidens frondosa; c. Chamomilla suaveolens;
d. Chenopodium ambrosioides; e. Conyza bonariensis;
f. Echinocystis lobata; g. Impatiens glandulifera; h. Reynoutria japonica;
i. Solidago Canadensis
(Photos: Semir Maslo, except photos a, b and f, by Šemso Šarić).

14