3 Life skills

3.1 Challenges
GOALS ■ Talk about challenges and success ■ Talk about ability

5 3.31 Complete the phrases in the text with the verbs in the
Vocabulary & Listening challenges and box in the correct form. Then listen and check your answers.
success
avoid be deal give make (x2) prefer resist rise
Work w ith a partner. W hat do you find difficult to resist? succeed in w ait
For example: buying clothes, spending too m uch tim e
online, eating ju n k food.
PRONUNCIATION w ord stre ss
Work w ith a partner. Look at the photo. The children are
trying to resist the tem ptation to eat the m arshm allow. 6a Work w ith a partner. Say the verbs in the box aloud and
W hich child do you th in k is m ore likely to succeed? Why? m ark the stress on each verb.

achieve avoid manage observe prefer resist

3.1))) Listen to the first p a rt of a talk on the M arshm allow
succeed
Test results. W hat was Mischel's experiment?

4 3.2))) Listen to the rest of the talk an d answ er the questions. b W hat is the m ost co m m on stress pattern in verbs w ith
Check your answ ers w ith a partner. two syllables?
1 How long did the children have to wait w ithout eating
C 3.41 Listen, check and repeat.
the m arshm allow ?
2 How m any of th em failed the test?
3 In w hat ways were the children who d id n ’t eat the
m arshm allow s m ore successful in later life?
4 How did the successful children m anage not to eat the
m arshm allow ?
5 Why is it im portant to be able to wait for som ething
you want?

The Marshmallow Test

In the Marshmallow Test, researchers left four-year- The best technique was to 1 _________ thinking about
old children alone in a room with a marshmallow. If the the marshmallow at all. The successful children 8
children managed to 1 re sist tem ptation and not eat the w ith the problem by looking away or covering their eyes.
marshmallow, the researcher promised them a reward of If they didn’t think about the marshmallow, they didn’t have
two marshmallows. However, m ost of the children found it to 9 an effort not to eat it.
d ifficu lt to 2 p atient and 3 in before
the tim e was up. They 4 to have something When Mischel taught a different set of children this
im m ediately rather than 5 for what they really technique, nearly all the children 10 w aiting
wanted. The researchers found that, as adults, those the full tim e. Learning these techniques can help in adult
children who could 6 to th e challenge were life because being able to wait helps us to 11 the
generally much more successful than the others. right choices.

26 On O xford 3000™