RESUMEN relative increase of effective thermal conductivity λT/λ
caused by transition from laminar to turbulent flow is less Los resultados de los experimentos sobre la transferencia de than the relative increase of effective viscosity by a factor of calor a metales líquidos se analizan para facilitar las the order of Pr. Thus in a stream of liquid metal instalaciones en las que el flujo tuvo lugar tanto en tubos cortos como en canales planos, en vigas de varilla y en una λT/λ=(10^(-2)-10^(-4)) placa a lo largo de sus direcciones longitudinales, a través de cilindros, convección libre y condensación de vapores Several properties of the quantity E can be made clear from metálicos líquidos. El efecto de los aditivos en la tasa de the following considerations. transferencia de calor examinada. Se discuten las cuestiones que surgen en relación con la ebullición de los metales líquidos, así como los problemas de humectación de los 2. efectos sobre la fricción de fluidos y la tasa de transferencia de calor. Se proporcionan ecuaciones para el cálculo de las 3. CONCLUSIONES tasas de transferencia de calor. BIBLIOGRAFÍA 1. INTRODUCCIÓN [1] Parsons, S. R. and Harper, D. R., Radiators for Liquid metals are useful high temperature coolants which Aircraft Engines, U. S. Bureau of Standards, allow very high heat ratings due to their high thermal Technical Paper no. 211, 1922, pp. 327–330 conductivity. Unfortunately, several properties peculiar to liquid metals cause difficulties in handling, both during [2.] Harper, D. R. and Brown W. B., Mathematical experimental investigations and in practical application as coolants. Important properties include an extremely small Equations for Heat Conduction in the Fins of Air- ratio of kinematic viscosity, Y, to thermal diffusion, a, high Cooled Engines, National Advisory Committee for melting points (for most metals), high rates of erosion and Aeronautics, report no. 158, 1922 corrosion of many structural materials , ease of oxidation and high electrical conductivity. [3]. Schmidt, E., Die Warmeubertrgung durch Rippen, Zeit. V. D. I., Vol. 70, 1926, pp. 885–889, Liquid metals form a special class of coolants characterized and 947–951 by an extremely small value for the Prandtl number Pr = v/α = gcpu/λ of order l0^(-2) to 10^(-3), due to their high thermal conductivity, λ. The viscosity, p, and specific heat, C,, of liquid metals is similar to that of gases and non- metallic liquids, When v < α the molecular transfer of momentum is considerably less than the molecular transfer of heat. This leads to the existence of two important physical effects:
(a) The thickness of the thermal boundary layer is greater
than that of the hydraulic boundary layer, therefore the influence of molecular thermal conduction is important, not only in the static layer at the wall of the container but also in the central turbulent zone.
(b) The rate of diffusion of heat by turbulent transfer is
greater than the rate of momentum transfer.
In the standard formula
where λ, and ,u are the true thermal conductivity and
viscosity respectively and λT and uT the effective values under conditions of turbulent flow. The coefficient ε is the reciprocal of the eddy Prandtl number PrT defined by PrT = gcpuT/λT
For liquid metals E usually has a value less than unity.
Hence in-liquid metals the
Universidad Técnica de Ambato, Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica – Carrera de Mecánica
30 de Julio del 2020 Ambato, Ecuador Articulo presentado en el Seminario de Estructuras Metálicas Universidad Técnica de Ambato, Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica y Civil 12 – 14 Octubre 2016 Ambato, Ecuador