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PDF Electronics For Beginners A Practical Introduction To Schematics Circuits and Microcontrollers Jonathan Bartlett Ebook Full Chapter
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TECHNOLOGY IN AC TION™
Electronics
for Beginners
A Practical Introduction to
Schematics, Circuits, and
Microcontrollers
—
Jonathan Bartlett
Electronics for
Beginners
A Practical Introduction
to Schematics, Circuits,
and Microcontrollers
Jonathan Bartlett
Electronics for Beginners: A Practical Introduction to Schematics, Circuits,
and Microcontrollers
Jonathan Bartlett
Tulsa, OK, USA
Chapter 1: Introduction������������������������������������������������������������������������1
1.1 Working the Examples������������������������������������������������������������������������������������2
1.2 Initial Tools and Supplies��������������������������������������������������������������������������������3
1.3 Safety Guidelines��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������5
1.4 Electrostatic Discharge�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������7
1.5 Using Your Multimeter Correctly���������������������������������������������������������������������7
v
Table of Contents
vi
Table of Contents
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Table of Contents
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Table of Contents
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Table of Contents
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Table of Contents
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Table of Contents
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Table of Contents
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Table of Contents
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Table of Contents
Appendix A: Glossary������������������������������������������������������������������������419
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Table of Contents
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Table of Contents
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Table of Contents
Index�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������499
xviii
About the Author
Jonathan Bartlett is a senior software R&D specialist at Specialized
Bicycle Components, focusing on creating initial prototypes for a variety
of IoT (Internet of Things) projects. Jonathan has been educating the tech
community for well over a decade. His first book, Programming from the
Ground Up, is an Internet classic and was endorsed by Joel Spolsky,
co-founder of Stack Exchange. It was one of the first open source
books and has been used by a generation of programmers to learn how
computers work from the inside out, using assembly language as a starting
point. He recently released Building Scalable PHP Web Applications Using
the Cloud as well as the calculus textbook Calculus from the Ground Up.
Jonathan also writes a mix of technical and popular articles for a number
of websites, including the new MindMatters.ai technology blog. His other
articles can be found on IBM’s DeveloperWorks website, Linux.com, and
Medium.com. He is also the head of Tulsa Open Source Hardware, a local
group focusing on do-it-yourself electronics projects.
Jonathan also participates in a variety of academic work. He is an
associate fellow of the Walter Bradley Center for Natural and Artificial
Intelligence. There, he does research into fundamental mathematics and
the mathematics of artificial intelligence. He also serves on the editorial
board for the journal BIO-Complexity, focusing on reviewing information-
theoretic papers for the journal and assisting with LaTeX typesetting.
Additionally, Jonathan has written several books on the interplay of
philosophy, math, and science, including Engineering and the Ultimate
and Naturalism and Its Alternatives in Scientific Methodologies. Jonathan
served as editor for the book Controllability of Dynamic Systems: The
Green’s Function Approach, which received the RA Presidential Award
xix
About the Author
xx
About the Technical Reviewer
Mike McRoberts is the author of Beginning Arduino by Apress. He is
the winner of Pi Wars 2018 and a member of Medway Makers. He is an
Arduino and Raspberry Pi enthusiast.
Mike McRoberts has expertise in a variety of languages and
environments, including C/C++, Arduino, Python, Processing, JS, Node-
RED, NodeJS, Lua.
xxi
Acknowledgments
I would like to thank, first and foremost, my homeschool co-op
community. This book originally started from a series of classes that I
taught in our local co-op, and my students were the guinea pigs for this
content. I received a lot of encouragement from that class, with both the
students and the parents enjoying the material. I want to thank my wife
who put up with me always typing on my computer to put this together.
I also want to thank the Tulsa Open Source Hardware community (as
well as the larger Tulsa WebDevs community), who gave me a lot of
encouragement while putting together this book and who also sat through
many presentations based on this material.
xxiii
CHAPTER 1
Introduction
Welcome to the world of electronics! In the modern world, electronic
devices are everywhere, but fewer and fewer people seem to understand
how they work or how to put them together. At the same time, it has never
been easier to do so as an individual. The availability of training, tools,
parts, instructions, videos, and tutorials for the home experimenter has
grown enormously, and the costs for equipment have dropped to almost
nothing.
However, what has been lacking is a good guide to bring students from
wanting to know how electronic circuits work to actually understanding
them and being able to develop their own. For the hobbyist, there are
many guides that show you how to do individual projects, but they often
fail to provide enough information for their readers to be able to build
projects of their own. There is plenty of information on the physics of
electricity in physics books, but they fail to make the information practical.
One exception to this is Horowitz and Hill’s The Art of Electronics. This
book is a wonderful reference guide for practical circuit design. However,
its target audience is largely electrical engineers or other very advanced
circuit designers. Not only that, the book itself is prohibitively expensive.
What has been needed for a long time is a book that takes you from
knowing nothing about electronics to being able to build real circuits
that you design yourself. This book combines theory, practice, projects,
and design patterns in order to enable you to build your own circuits
from scratch. Additionally, this book is designed entirely around safe,
low-current DC (direct current) power. We stay far away from the wall
outlet in this book to be sure that you have a fun and largely worry-free
experience with electronics.
This book is written with two groups of people in mind. First, this book
can be used as a guide for hobbyists (or wannabe hobbyists) to learn on
their own. It has lots of projects to work on and experiment with. Second,
this book can also be used in electronics classes for high school and
college students. It has problems to be worked, activities to do, and reviews
at the end of each chapter.
The needs of these groups are not so different from each other. In fact,
even if you are a hobbyist and plan on using this book to learn on your
own, I suggest that not only do you read the main parts of the chapter
but that you also do the activities and homework as well. The goal of the
homework is to train your mind to think like a circuit designer. If you work
through the example problems, it will make analyzing and designing
circuits simply a matter of habit.
2
Chapter 1 Introduction
For beginners and hobbyists, this is less of a concern, and we will generally
be in a hobbyist mindset for the book.
In short, as engineers, we wind up being, at minimum, as precise as
we need to be or, at maximum, as precise as we can be. The amount of
precision we need will vary from project to project, and the amount of
precision that we can be will depend on our tools, our components, and
other things we interact with. Therefore, there is not a lot of focus on this
book on how many decimals exactly to use. You can get more detailed
descriptions in other science books for dealing with significant figures. In
the problems in the chapters, if you are off by a single digit due to rounding
errors, don’t worry about it.
4
Chapter 1 Introduction
Later projects will require specialized components, but these are the
components that are needed for nearly every project you will encounter or
design yourself. If you would like to order a kit with all of the components
you need for this book, you can find them at www.bplearning.net.
5
Chapter 1 Introduction
Please note that if you ever deal with alternating current (AC) or
large batteries (such as a car battery), you must exercise many more
precautions than described in this book, because those devices generate
sufficient power in themselves and within the circuits to harm or kill you if
mishandled (sometimes even after the power has been disconnected).
6
Chapter 1 Introduction
7
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