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1. LAWS OF INDICES:
(i) am x an = am + n
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(ii) am / an = am-n
(iii) (am)n = amn
(iv) (ab)n = anbn
(v) ( a/ b )n = ( an / bn )
(vi) a0 = 1
2. SURDS: Let a be a rational number and n be a positive integer such that a1/n = nsqrt(a)
3. LAWS OF SURDS:
I SOLVED EXAMPLES
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Sol. x-1 -1 = (1/x)-1 = _1 -x * 1 = -1
x-1 x-1 x (x - 1) x
Hence, the required quotient is -1/x
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Sol. 2x - 1 + 2X+ 1 = 1280 2x-1 (1 +22) = 1280
Hence, x = 9.
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Ex. 5. Find the value of [ 5 ( 81/3 + 271/3)3]1/ 4
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Sol. [ 5 ( 81/3 + 271/3)3]1/ 4 = [ 5 { (23)1/3 + (33)1/3}3]1/ 4 = [ 5 { (23 * 1/3)1/3 + (33 *1/3 )1/3}3]1/ 4
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= 3n + (2n + 1) = 3(3n+1) = 3(3n+l)-(3n-l) = 32 = 9.
32n+n-1 3(3n-1)
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Sol.
Putting 21/4 = x, we get :
Sol.
Given Expression
= [{x(o - b)}^(a2 + b2 + ob)].['(x(b - c)}^ (b2 + c2 + bc)].['(x(c - a)}^(c2 + a2 + ca])
= [x(a - b)(a2 + b2 + ab) . x(b - c) (b2 +c2+ bc).x(c- a) (c2 + a2 + ca)]
= [x^(a3-b3)].[x^(b3-e3)].[x^(c3-a3)] = x^(a3-b3+b3-c3+c3-a3) = x0 = 1.
Ex. 13. Which is larger √2 or 3√3 ?
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Sol. Given surds are of order 2 and 3. Their L.C.M. is 6. Changing each to a surd of order 6, we
get:
√2 = 21/2 = 2((1/2)*(3/2)) =23/6 = 81/6 = 6√8
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√3= 31/3 = 3((1/3)*(2/2)) = 32/6 = (32)1/6 = (9)1/6 = 6√9.
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Clearly, √9 > √8 and hence 3√3 > √2.
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Ex. 14. Find the largest from among 4√6, √2 and 3√4.
Sol. Given surds are of order 4, 2 and 3 respectively. Their L.C,M, is 12, Changing each to a surd
of order 12, we get:
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√6 = 61/4 = 6((1/4)*(3/3)) = 63/12 = (63)1/12 = (216)1/12.
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√2 = 21/2 = 2((1/2)*(6/6)) = 26/12 = (26)1/12 = (64)1/12.
√4 = 41/3 = 4((1/3)*(4/4)) = 44/12 = (44)1/12 = (256)1/12.