HIGH STANDARDS IN MATH ADMA P2-Unlocked

TOTAL AREA OF THE SHADED
= ( )
O a b c d
Area = ( ) − ( ) + ( )
CONTACTS: 0966295655/ 0955295655/0970295655/0972355213

Email: kachamadickson@gmail.com
ABOUT THE AUTHORS
KACHAMA DICKSON.C: Formerly a pupil at Kamyanda Primary School in Manyinga

District (Northwestern Province) (2001-2009), Mufulira Secondary School (Mufulira
District) (2010-2012) and former Copperbelt University graduate (2014-2018). Holder of
Bachelors degree of Science in mathematics Ed (B.Sc MA.Ed). Currently works as a
coordinator at Katangalele Tuition Centre Mufulira – Copperbelt Province.
MWANSA ENISTONE: Holder of Bachelor of Science in mathematics Education

(B.Sc MA.Ed) obtained from Victoria Falls University of Technology. Currently a head of
Mathematics at Katima Secondary School Western Province - Zambia.
Kachama Dickson C is the author of other materials such as High standards in Mathematics
Grade 12 paper 1 and paper 2, High standards in mathematics Grade 9 paper 1 and paper 2,
High standards in mathematics Classified learners Revision Book Grades 10 -12 and High
standards in Mathematics Grade 12 learners’ Book 1. These materials have contributed
positively to the improvement of performance in the subject countrywide.
For this reason, Mr Kachama D.C and Mr. Mwansa. E decided to make collaboration and
came up with this Additional Mathematics being the first and the best Additional
mathematics pamphlet.
“We believe, this pamphlet will be of great help to you even as you prepare for your
final examinations.”
CAUTION: NO PART OF THIS DOCUMENT MAY BE REPRODUCED OR

TRANSMITTED IN ANY FORM OR BY MEANS OF PHOTOCOPYING,
RECORDING OR OTHERWISE WITHOUT THE PRIOR WRITTEN PERMISSION
OF THE AUTHORS.
All Rights Reserved © KDC 2020 – Copperbelt – Mufulira.
Compiled & Solved by Kachama Dickson. C & Mwansa. E / Together We can do Math ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We are most grateful to God Almighty for granting us this life, strength, grace and the
privilege to write the first junior secondary school mathematics pamphlet.
We will also remain indebted if we would not acknowledge the examination Council of
Zambia (ECZ) for the questions were adapted from the mathematics Past Examination papers
for the junior secondary school examinations. However, we wish to state that, the answers
given to the questions at the end of the questions are our own responsibility and not the ECZ.
. The completion of this Pamphlet was as a result of encouragement and support that we
received from many people and we will remain indebted to God if we do not acknowledge
these people.
We also wish to thank our fellow teachers of mathematics country wide for their support and
encouragement we received during the period of production of this document.
We further wish to acknowledge the following people for their constant supervision.
Mr. Kavombo P Assistant Clerk at DEBS - Masaiti
Mr. Mwelwa. K HOD Mathematic Twalubuka Sec. School - Mufulira
Mr. Chimibini. J Act/HOD Milemu Sec School - Ndola.
Mr. Chisapa. G HOD Mathematics Nsansa Sec School - Mufulira.
Mr. Musonda. I Deputy Head teacher Kalanga Sec School - Mufulira
Mr. Musondela. H Teacher of Mathematics – Rusangu Sec School -Monze
Mr. Sichilenge. M Director at High level Tuition Centre - Choma
Mr. Mwanza. G Teacher of Mathematics Naboye Sec School - Kafue.
Rev Banda Teacher of mathematics at Matero Boys Sec Sch Lusaka
Mr Mwape. O HOD Mathematics Kabulonga Sec School - Lusakka
Compiled & Solved by Kachama Dickson. C & Mwansa. E / Together We can do Math iii
INTRODUCTION
HIGH STANDARDS IN ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS pamphlet is written to

prepare learners sitting for Additional mathematics Syllabus 4030. This pamphlet is
intended for revision purpose. It covers all the topics in Additional Mathematics paper 2
syllabus 4030 and aims at providing assistance to candidates who are about to sit for the
final examinations. This pamphlet contains the following:
Past examination questions from 2016−2019 for both internal and G.C.E which are
arranged according to the topics.
Model answers with working methods are given at the end.
To get the maximum benefit of this pamphlet, learners are strongly recommended to use
this pamphlet alongside basic text books for more information on various topics.
The questions are arranged in a systematic way making it possible for the learners to do
quick revisions per topic.
All the necessary working methods are shown at the end of the questions and this makes
it possible for the learners revise on their own. Learners therefore, are encouraged to
work out the questions on their own before they can check for the answers at the end.
Note also that, there can be alternative working methods to some of the questions; the
authors has tried by all possible means to use the method which they think will make
the majority of the learners understand and get the concept. “Remember, there are many
ways of killing a rat”
In conclusion, any noticeable errors that maybe found in this pamphlet are the
responsibility of the authors. The authors would appreciate to receive details of such
errors that may have escaped the scrutiny of the authors.
Compiled & Solved by Kachama Dickson. C & Mwansa. E / Together We can do Math iv
MATHEMATICAL FORMULAE
1 ALGEBRA
Quadratic Equation
For the equation + + = 0,
− ±√ −4
=
2
2 SERIES
Arithmetic Sn = 2 + ( − 1)
( !" # )
Geometric Sn = !"
($ ≠ 1)
Sum to infinity S' = for |$| < 1

!"
3 TRIGONOMETRY
Identities
Sin(A ± B) = sin A sin B ± cos A cos B
Cos(A ±) = cos A cos B ∓ sin A sin B
tan A ± tan B
Tan(A ± B) =
1 ∓ tan A tan B
sin 2A = 2 sin A cos B
cos 2A = cos A − sin A = cos A − 1 = 1 − 2sin A
2 tan A
Tan 2A =
1 − tan A
4 STATISTICS
Mean and standard deviation
Ungrouped data
∑8 ∑(=!=̅ )> ∑ =>

Mean( ̅ ) = , SD= ;< ? = ;< − ( ̅) ?
9 9 9
Grouped data
∑ @= ∑ @(=!=̅ )> ∑ @= >

Mean( ̅ ) = , SD= ;< ? = ; − ( ̅)
∑@ ∑@ ∑@
Compiled & Solved by Kachama Dickson. C & Mwansa. E / Together We can do Math v
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABOUT THE AUTHORS: ……………………………………………………. (II)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: ……………………………………...……….…… (III)
INTRODUCTION: ……………………………………………..………..……. (IV)
MATHEMATICAL FORMULAE: …………………………………………… (v)
TOPIC PAGE
1 SYSTEM OF EQUATIONS: …………………………...…..…………………. 1
2 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS AND FUNCTIONS: ……..…….………………. 3
3 EXPONENTIAL AND LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS: ………...…………… 4
4 REMAINDER AND FACTOR THEOREM: ………………….…..…………… 5
5 PERMUTATIONS AND COMBINATION: ……...………………...……......... 7
6 TRIGONOMETRY: ………………………….………………..……………....... 9
7 SEQUENCES AND SERIES: ………………………………….….…..……….. 11
8 STATISTICS: ……………………………………………………..…………….. 14
9 CALCULUS: ……………………………………….……………..…………….. 17
10 ANSWERS: …………………………………………………………..………..... 28
Compiled & Solved by Kachama Dickson. C & Mwansa. E / Together We can do Math vi
TOPIC 1: SYSTEMS OF EQUATIONS
QUESTION 1: 2016 OCT/NOV EXAMS
Solve the following system of equations
+ 4y + 3z = 10,
2 + D − E = − 1
3 − D + E = 11.
QUESTION 2: 2017 JULY/AUG EXAMS
+ 2D + 2E = 4,
3 − D +4E =25,
3 + 2D − E = −4,
2 + − = −1,
+3 −2 = −6,
5 +2 + =5
QUESTION 4: 2018 JULY/AUGUST EXAMS
4 − D + 2E = 6,
3 + 2D − z =18,
2 − D + 3E = −1
Compiled & Solved by Kachama Dickson. C & Mwansa. E / Together we can do Maths 1
+ 2D + 2E = 3,
2 + D + 3E = −1,
3 + 2D + E = 7.
QUESTION 6: 2019 JUL/AUG EXAMS
Solve the following systems of equations
2 − D + 3E = 14,
+3D − E = − 4,
3 − D + 2E = 13.
2 + 3D −4E = 1,
3 − D − 2E = 4,
4 −7D −6E = −7.
QUESTION 8: 2020 SPECIMEN
2 + 3D − E = 2,
− 2D −4E = 8,
3 + 5D +2E = −7.
Compiled & Solved by Kachama Dickson. C & Mwansa. E / Together We can do Math 2
TOPIC 2: QUADRACTIC EQUATIONS AND INEQUATIONS
(a) Find the range of values of for which 2 − 7 + 3 ≥ 0.
(b) Express 3 − 24 +50 in the form ( + ) + , where , and ere constants.

Hence, find the coordinates of the turning point.
(a) Find the range of values of for which (9 − ) ≥ 18.
(b) Express 7−5 − 2 in the form ( + ) + , where , and ere constants.

(a) Find the range of values of for which 2 < 3 + 14.
(b) Express 6 + 4 − in the form ( + ) + , where , and ere constants.

QUESTION 4: 2018 JULY/ AUG EXAMS
(a) Find the range of values of for which 3 < 4 − 11 .
(b) Express 7− − 3 in the form ( + ) + , where , and are constants.

(a) Solve the inequality 2 + ≤ 6.
(b) Express 9−6 − 2 in the form ( + ) + , where , and ere constants.

QUESTION 6: 2019 JULY/AUG EXAMS
(a) Find the range of values of for which 7 + 18 − 9 > 0.
(b) Express 2 − 3 + 4 in the form ( − ) + , where , and ere constants.

Hence, find the minimum value of 2 − 3 + 4.
(a) Find the range of values of O for which 3O > −10O − 3.
(c) Express −2 +12 +4 in the form ( − ) + , where , and ere constants.

(a) Find the range of values of for which 3 − 10 − 8 < 0.
(b) Express 12 −6 + 5 in the form ( + ) + , where , and ere constants.

Hence, find the minimum value of 12 −6 + 5.
TOPIC 3: EXPONENTIAL AND LOGARITHMIC EQUATIONS
Solve the equations
(a) 4=! − 2= = 8,
(b) log3(2 + 1) − 2 =log3(3 − 11).
Solve the equations
(a) 5=! = 9,
(b) log4( + 2) = log4( + 2) − 1.
Solve the equations
(a) 3=P = 5,
(b) log7 (2 − 3) + 2 = log7(17 + 15).
QUESTION 4: 2018 JULY/ AUG EXAMS
Solve the equations
(a) 6 =!
= 8,
(b) log S (11 − 2 ) − log S (2 − 7) = 1.
Solve the equations
(a) 3 =P = 8,
(b) lg (5 + 4) + 5 lg 2 = 2 + lg(2 + 1).
Solve the equations
(a) 5=!T − 9 = 2,
(b) log (21 + 65) − 4 = log (3 − 1).
QUESTION 7: 2019 OCT/ NOV EXAMS
Solve the equations
(a) 3 =!
= 7,
(b) log5 ( + 4) − 1 =log5 .
Solve the equations
(a) 4S=! = 19,

(b) log2 (2 + 3 + 5) = 3 +log2 ( + 1).
TOPIC 4: REMAINDER AND FACTOR THEOREM
(a) Find the value of U, given that the expression 2 S

−3 − U + 6 is divisible by
2 - 1.
(b) The expression 7 + 35 and 44 − 2 S

leaves the same remainder when divided
by − , find the three possible values of .
QUESTION 2: 2017 JUL/ AUG EXAMS
(a) Find the value of V, given that the expression S

– V + 7 + 10 is divisible by
( + 2).
(b) Solve the equation S
+ − 4 − 4 = 0.
(a) Find the value of V, given that the expression S

+ V + 2 + 12 is divisible by
( − 3)
(b) Factorise the expression 2 S
+ − 13 + 6
(a) The expression 2 S

+V − 72 − 18 leaves a remainder of 17 when divided by
+ 5. Find the value of V.
(b) The expression S
− 7 + 6 and S
− − 4 + 4 have the same remainder when
divided by + O, find the three possible values of O.
(a) Find the value of O, given that the expression 2 S

+ O − 3 + 5 is divisible
by − 2.
− 7 + 6 = 0.
(a) Find the value of O, given that the expression S

+O + 8 − 32 is divisible by
( + 4).
+2 − 5 − 6 = 0.
(a) Find the value of O, given that the expression S

+ O + 2 + 8 is divisible by
( − 4).
(b) Factorise the expression – S
−4 − + 6.
(a) Find the value of V, given that the expression 3 S

− 14 − 7V + 10 is exactly
divisible by ( + 1).
(b) Solve the equation 2 S
−3 − 30 + 50 = 0.
TOPIC 5: PERMUTATIONS AND COMBINATIONS
(a) In how many ways can 7 red marbles and 3 green marbles can be put in a straight
line if
(i) there are no restrictions,
(ii) green marbles should not be next to each other.
(b) A group of 6 pupils is to be chosen from 8 boys and 6 girls. Find the number of ways
of choosing at least 4 girls.
(a) A committee consists of a patron, a matron and 8 prefects. Find the number of ways of
arranging the committee members in a straight line if
(ii) there is no prefect at the beginning and the end of the line.
(b) A delegation of 3 boys and 2 girls is to be chosen from 10 boys and 5 girls. In how
many ways this can be done.
(a) In how many ways can 5 girls and 4 boys be put in a straight line if
(i) the girls are together,
(ii) no two boys are together.
(b) A group of 5 students is to be chosen from 5 girls and 4 boys. Find the number of
ways of choosing 3 girls and 2 boys.
(a) Calculate the number of ways of arranging the letters in the word CONSUMER.
(b) Committee consists of 2 teachers and 7 learners. In how many ways can they be seated
if
(ii) the sitting starts and ends with a teacher.
(c) A group of ten singers is to be chosen from 7 men and 5 women. Find the number of
ways of choosing not more than 6 men
(a) A running track has six lanes. Find the number of ways of assigning 6 out of 8
runners to the lanes.
(b) A team of 9 students is to be chosen from 8 men and 7 women. Find the number of
ways of choosing
(i) 5 men and 4 women,
(ii) at least 7 men.
(a) In how many ways can the letters of the word ‘COMPUTABLE’ be arranged?
(b) A supermarket cashier has five coins comprising a one ngwee, five ngwee, ten ngwee,
fifty ngwee and one Kwacha. Considering the faces of the corns as Head and Tail, in
how many ways can they be arranged in a straight line?
(c) In how many ways can a church committee be formed from a group of 5 Bishops and
7 Evangelists, if a committee comprises 3 Bishops and 4 Evangelists?
(a) In how many ways can six red discs and 3 blue discs be put in a straight line if
(ii) blue discs should not be next to each other.
(b) A group of five learners is to be chosen from 7 girls and 4 boys. Find the number of
ways of choosing 2 girls and 3 boys.
(a) In how many ways the letters of the word ‘UNGROUPED’ can be arranged?
(b) A team of 5 people is to be selected from 7 women and 6 men. Find the number of
different teams that could be selected if there must be more women than men in the
team.
TOPIC 6: TRIGONOMETRY
(a) Solve the equation 2sin 2 + 1 = 0 for values of in the range 0° ≤ ≤ 360°.
(b) (i) Express 5sin X − 12 cos X in the form Rsin(X − Y) where R >0 and
0° ≤ X ≤ 90°.
(ii) Hence solve the equation 5sin X − 12 cos X = 6.5 giving all solutions
between 0° and 360°
(a) Solve the equation cos(X + 30°) = sin X , for values of X in the range
0° ≤ X ≤ 360°.
S T
(b) Given that cos A = T and cos B = − , where angle A is acute and angle B is obtuse,
S
find the value of sin(A + B).
(a) Solve the equation √2 cos( − 45°) = 4sin for the values of in the range
0° ≤ ≤ 360°.
(b) (i) Express 5sin X − 12 cos X in the form Rsin(X − Y) where R>0 and
0° ≤ Y ≤ 90°.
(ii) Hence find the maximum value of Rsin(X − Y).
(a) Solve the equation 3cos 2 − 1 = 0 for 0 < < 360°.

(b) Express √5 cos X + 2sin X in the form Z cos(X − Y) for R > 0 and 0 < Y < 90°.
Hence solve the equation √5 cos X + 2sin X = 1.2 for the range 0 < < 360°.
(a) Solve the equation cos( + 60°) = 2sin( + 30°) for the values of in the range
0° ≤ ≤ 360°.
[
(b) Given that cos A = and cos B = − , where angle A is acute and angle B is obtuse,
T S
find the value of

(i) sin A,
(ii) cos(A − B).
\
(c) If X is acute and cos2 X = , find the value of cos X.
]\
(a) Solve the equation 4sin = cosec for the values of in the range
0° ≤ ≤ 360°.
[
(b) Given that sin A = T and cos B = − S, where angle A is acute and angle B is obtuse,
find the value of

(i) cos 2A,
(ii) tan(A + B).
(a) Solve the equation 2sin(30° + ) = 3 cos for the values of in the range
0° ≤ ≤ 360°.
S
(b) (i) Express sin + 2 cos in the form Rcos( − Y), where Z > 0 and
0° ≤ X ≤ 90°.
(ii) Hence, find the minimum value of 3sin + 4 cos .
(a) Solve the equation cos( + 60°) = 2 sin for the values of in the range
0° ≤ ≤ 360°.
(b) (i) Express 5sin + 12cos in the form Rsin( + ), where R > 0 and
0 ≤ Y ≤ 90°.
(ii) Hence, find the maximum value of Rsin( + Y).
TOPIC 7: SEQUENCES AND SERIES
_
(a) The third and sixth terms of a geometric progression are 2 S and _ respectively. Find
(i) the common ratio and the first term,

(ii) the sum to infinity of the geometric progression.
(b) The `n term of an arithmetic progression is 4 + 1. Find, in terms of , the sum of
th
the first n terms of the progression.

(c) The eighth term of an arithmetic progression is four times the fifth term and the sum
of the first eight terms is 20. Calculate the sum of the ten terms.
[
(d) The second and the fifth terms of a geometric progression are and respectively.
_ [S
Find
(i) the common ratio and the first term,
(ii) the sum to infinity of the progression.
(a) The sum of the first four terms of arithmetic progression is 62 and the second term is
17. Find
(i) the first term and the common difference,
(ii) the sum of the first 40 terms.
(b) A geometric progression is given by 81, 54, 36, . . . Find
(i) the 20th term,
(ii) the sum to infinity.
(c) An agent sponsoring students decides to give a sum of money to a school each year for
12 years. The agent decides to give K75 000.00 in the first year and to increase the
sponsorship by K10 000.00 each year.
(i) Find the amount the agent gives in the twelfth year,
(ii) Find the amount received by the school from the agent altogether.
(d) The first term of a geometric progression is 1 and the sum of the first 3 terms is 7/9.
Find the two possible values of the common ratio of this series.
(a) The sum of the first 6 terms of an arithmetic progression is 57 and the sum of the next
7 terms is 203. Find the
(ii) sum of the first 12 terms of the progression.
(b) The third term of a geometric progression is 32 and the ninth term is . Find the
(i) the first term and the common ratio,

(ii) the sum to infinity
(c) In an arithmetic progression, the 5th term is three times the second term. The sum of
the first ten terms is 50. Find the first term and the sum of the first 30 terms.
(d) The fifth term of geometric progression is 8, the third term is 4 and the common ratio
is positive. Find the first term, the common ratio and the sum of the first twelve
terms.
(a) The 14th term of arithmetic progression is 55 and the sum of the first 13 terms is 351.
First the sum of the first 28 terms.
(b) A geometric progression has a common ratio of and the sum of the first four terms
S
_
is . Find the
`
(i) first term of the progression,

(ii) sum to infinity.
(c) The first and the last term of an arithmetic progression are 3 and 95 respectively.
The sum of all the terms is 1176. Calculate
(i) the number of terms in the progression,
(ii) the common difference.
T
(d) The first term of the geometric progression is 2 and the common ratio is . Find the
least number of terms that can be added for the sum not to exceed 800.
(a) The last term of an arithmetic progression of 20 terms is 195 and the common
difference is 5. Find
(i) the first term,
(ii) the sum of the arithmetic progression.
(b) The sum to infinity of a geometric progression is 3 and the sum of the first two terms
is.2 S . Given that r > 0, find the first term and common ratio of the geometric
progression.
(c) In an arithmetic progression, the 15th term is double the 9th term. If the sum of the
first 9 terms is 279, find the first term and the common difference.
(d) 1 + a, 3a + 1 and 1 + 4a, where a ≠ 0 are the first three terms of a geometric
progression. Find
(i) the value of a,
(ii) the common ratio,
(iii) the sum to infinity of the progression.
(a) In an arithmetic progression the 22nd term is four times the 5th term and the 12th term
is 12 more than the 8th term. Find
(ii) the sum of the first 15 terms of the progression.
(b) Given that the sum to infinity of a geometric progression is 36 and the sum of the first
_
three terms is , find the first term and the common ratio.
(c) An arithmetic progression contains 20 terms. Given that the 6th term is l7 and the sum
of the first 8 terms is 100. Calculate the sum of the last 8 terms.
S S
(d) The 3rd term and the 5th term of a geometric progression are 1 T and T
respectively.
Find
(i) the first term and the common ratio,
(ii) the sum to infinity of the progression.
T
(a) If the 3rd and 6th terms of arithmetic progression are and respectively, find the
] T
(i) first term and the common difference,

(ii) 10th term.
(b) The first three terms of a geometric progression are 3 + 5, 8, 2. Find the
(i) common ratio and the value of .
(ii) sum to infinity.
(c) In an arithmetic progression, the 15th term is twice the 9th term. The sum of the first
15 terms and the sum of the first 9 terms added together is 279. Find the first term and
the sum of the first 40 terms.
(d) The seventh term of a geometric Progression is 27, the fifth term is 3 and common
ratio is positive. Find the first term, the common ratio and the sum of the first 8 terms.
(a) The sum of the first 6 terms of an arithmetic progression is 555 and the sum of the
next 6 terms is 1 455. Find the first term and the common difference.
(b) In a geometric progression, the third term is 45 and the fifth term is 405. Find the
(i) first term and the common ratio ($ > 0),
(ii) sum of the first 8 terms.
TOPIC 8: STATISTICS
A new drug for a certain disease was administered to 60 patients of different age groups.
The table below shows the results obtained.
Age ( ) 1−5 6−10 11−15 16−20 21−25 26−30 31−35
Frequency 5 8 12 18 9 6 2
(a) State the median class.

(b) Calculate
(i) an estimate of the mean,
(ii) the standard deviation.
The table below shows the results in a Science test for 200 students.
Marks 1−20 21−40 41−60 61−80 81−100
Frequency 13 56 60 48 23
(a) Find the median class

(b) Calculate an estimate of
(i) the mean,
QUESTION 3: 2017 OCT/ NOV
The table below shows the points scored by 110 students in an examination.
Points scored 6−8 8−10 10−12 12−14 14−16 16 −18 18−20

Frequency 13 16 9 15 22 15 20
(a) Find the median class
(b) Calculate
The table below shows the distribution of time spent by 50 learners in doing their homework.
Time(t) 0−9 10−19 20−29 30−39 40−49 50−59 60−69 70−79

No. of 2 4 6 11 14 7 4 2
Learners

(b) Calculate an estimate of the
(i) mean,
(ii) standard deviation
The table below shows results in a Mathematics test for 40 students.
Mark 0−2 3−5 6−8 9−11 12−14 15−17 18−20
No of students 4 3 5 7 10 6 5

(b) Calculate an estimate of the
(i) mean,
(ii) standard deviation.
The table below shows the processor speed of two computer models under 10 trials.
Type A 3 6 12 9 13 11 10 16 18 2
Type B 7 4 8 10 13 16 17 15 4 6
(a) Find the standard deviation of each computer.
(b) Which of the two models is more reliable?
The table below shows the heights of 100 learners of a particular grade in a school.
Heights in cm 153−157 158−162 163−167 168−172 173−177

Frequency 9 23 35 27 6
(a) Find the median class.

(b) Calculate
The table below shows the points scored by 95 students in an examination.
Points scored 1−3 4−6 7−9 10−12 13−15 16−18 19−21 22−24
Frequency 12 9 8 11 7 20 13 15
(a) Find the median class.

(b) Calculate
(i) an estimate of the mean
TOPIC 9: CALCULUS
(a) The diagram below shows parts of the curve D = + 2 and the line D = 4 − 1
intersecting at points A and B.
D D=4 −1
D= +2
A
2
O
-1
Find
(i) the coordinates of A and B,
(ii) the volume obtained by rotating the shaded region through 360° about the
x−axis.
(b) A small body moves in a straight line so that its velocity v m/s at time b seconds from
the starting point 0, is given by v = 6b − 18b + 12.
(i) Find in terms of b for
(a) its acceleration,
(b) its distance from O.
(ii) Calculate the maximum velocity and the distance covered when the distance is
maximum.
(c) A curve has an equation D = 2 S
−9 + 12 + 8.
(i) Find the coordinates of the stationary point of the curve.
(ii) Determine the nature of the stationary points.
d
(d) Find the coordinates of the point where the curves D = c >!S and D = c `PS= meet and
the gradient of each curve at the point.
ef
(e) Given that D = + sin 2 , find the values of x for which e=
= 0, for the range
0≤ ≤ g.
(f) The diagram below shows a metal plate consisting of a rectangle of length D cm and
width cm, and a quarter-circle of radius cm. The perimeter of the metal plate is
60 cm.
cm
D cm cm
(i) Show that the area of the plate, A cm2, is given by A = 30 − .

(ii) Given that can vary, find the value of at which A is stationary,
(iii) Hence find the stationary value of A and determine its nature.
(a) The diagram below shows the part of the curve D = 4 and the line D = meeting at
the point O and A.
D
D=
A D =4
Find
(i) the coordinates of A,
x− axis .
(b) A particle moves in a straight line so that b seconds after passing a fixed point 0, its
acceleration, m/s is given by = 4b − 12. Given that the speed at 0 is 16m/s, find
(i) the value of b at which the particle is at instantaneous rest,
(ii) the distance the particle travels in the fifth second.
=> =h
(c) A curve has the equation y = 6 – − .
S
(i) Find the coordinates of the stationary points.

(d) Find the coordinates of the point where the curve D = 3c =![
intersects the line
D = 3, and the gradient of the curve at that point.
ef
(e) A curve has gradient function given by e= = 4 + = > , and passes through the point
( − 1, 5). Find the equation of the curve.

(f) The diagram below shows a rectangular box without a lid which is made from a thin
cardboard.
2
The base is 3 cm long and 2 cm wide and the height is ℎ cm. The total surface area
of the box is 200cm2.
m S=
(i) Show that ℎ = − .
= T
(ii) Hence, find the dimensions of the box which can give a maximum value.
(a) The diagram below shows part of the curves D = + 6 and D = 2 + 2 meeting at
the point A.
D
D=2 +2
D = 2 +6
Find

(ii) the volume obtained when rotating the shaded region through 360° about the
x-axis.
(b) The velocity, V m/s, of a particle travelling in a straight line, at time b seconds after
leaving a fixed point 0, is given by V = Ub – 3b + 10, where b ≥0 and U is a
constant. When b = 0, the particle is at 0 and its acceleration is 1m/s. Find
(i) the value of U,
(ii) the value of b when the particle is at instantaneous rest,
(iii) the distance the particle has travelled when it is at instantaneous rest.
(c) A curve has the equation D = −2 S
+3 + 12 + 27.
(i) Find the stationary points.
(d) A curve has an equation D = ln . Determine the equation of the straight line which
can be drawn to find the solution of the equation c =! = 1.
ef
(e) A curve has gradient function e= = 6 + 4 − 5 and passes through the point
(2, 10). Find the equation of the curve.

(f) The diagram below shows a quarter circle with radius 5cm. OPQR are vertices of a
rectangle on a quarter-circle and OP = cm.
T
R Q
O cm P S
5 cm
(i) Given that the area of the rectangle OPQR is A cm2, show that the square of
the rectangular area, A , is given by A = o25 – p .
(ii) Find the values of for which A2 is stationary.
_
(a) In the diagram, the line D = − + 6 meets the curve D = = at A and B.
_
D =
B =
D=− +6

O
(i) Find the coordinates of A and B.

(ii) Calculate the volume obtained when the region enclosed by the curve and the
line AB is rotated through 360° about the x- axis.
(b) A particle moves in a straight line and its distance S, from a fixed point O is give by
q = b S − 6b + 9b + 48. Find
(i) its velocity after 4 seconds,
(ii) the time when it is momentarily at rest,
(iii) its maximum velocity.
(c) Find the coordinates of the point where the curves D = c =P` and D = c SPS= meet and
the gradient of each curve at that point.
(d) A curve has the equation D = 2 S
−9 + 12 + 8
(i) Find the stationary points.
ef
(e) Given that D = 2 cos 2 + , find the value of for which = 0 for the range
e=
0 < < g.
(f) From a rectangular piece of thin cardboard 16cm by 10cm, the shaded squares each of
sides cm are removed as shown. The remaining piece is folded up to form a tray.
10cm
16cm
(i) Show that the volume V cmS , of this tray is given by
s = 4( S
− 13 + 40 )
(ii) Calculate the value of for which the volume is stationary.
(iii) Find the volume and determine whether its maximum or minimum.
(a) The diagram below shows part of the curves D = 2 and D = 2√ intersecting at
the origin and at the point A.
D = 2
A D = 2√
Find

x-axis.
(b) The velocity V ms ! of a particle moving in a straight line, b seconds after passing
through fixed Point O is given by V = 3b − 30b + 72. Find the
(i) time when velocity is constant,
(ii) time when velocity is at instantaneous,
(iii) distance when it is at first instantaneous rest from the fixed point.
(c) The equation of the curve is D = S
−6 − 15 + 3
(i) Find the coordinates of the stationary points.
d
(d) Find the coordinates of the point where the curve D = c TP= and D = c t![ meet and
the gradient of each curve at that point.
ef
(e) A curve has gradient function given by e= = 3 cos − 2 sin and passes through the
point (0, 2). Find the equation of the curve.

(f) The diagram below shows a can in the shape of a closed cylinder of radius $ cm and
height ℎ cm.
ℎ cm
$ cm
(i) Given that the volume of the cylinder is 128g cm3, express ℎ in terms of $.
T]u
(ii) Show that the surface area, A cm2, of the cylinder is A = 2g$ + .
"
(iii) Given that $ varies, find the value of $ at which the surface area, A cm2, is
minimum.
(a) The diagram below shows part of the curve D = 4 – and the line y = 2
meeting at C.
D
D=2
C D=4 −
Find
(i) the coordinates of C,
x-axis.
(b) The velocity Vcm/s, of a particle moving in a straight line is given by
V = b − Vb + 3 where b ≥ 0 When t=0, the particle is at O and the acceleration is
−4 m/s . Find
(i) the value of V ,
(ii) the values of t at which the particle is at instantaneous rest,
(iii) its displacement between those times.
wxy =
(c) The curve has an equation D = S!z{w =. Find
ef
(i) an expression for e= ,
(ii) the value of in the range 0 ≤ ≤ 2g for which D is stationary.
ef
(d) A curve has gradient function = √1 + 2 and passes through the point (4, 30).
e=
Find the equation of the curve.

(e) The curves y = c T=! and D = c m!=
intersect at the point Q. Find
(i) the coordinates of Q,
(ii) the gradient of each curve in terms of c at Q.
(f) A piece of wire 64cm long is divided into two parts. One part is formed into the shape
of a circle of radius $ cm, while the other part is formed into a square of side cm
long.
S ! =
(i) Show that $ = cm
u
(ii) Calculate the value of for which area, A is a minimum.
(a) The diagram below shows part of the curves D = 8 and D = meeting at the
point A. D
D= D =8
Find
(i) the coordinates of A
x-axis.
(b) The velocity, V m/s, of a particle moving in a straight line, at time 2 seconds is given
\
by V = 1 + | > for 1 ≤ b ≤ 3. When b = 3, the particle is 6m from a fixed point 0
on the line.
(i) Find the acceleration when b = 2.
(ii) Find an expression in terms of b for its distance from the fixed point.
(iii) Find the distance travelled between b = 1 and b = 3.
(c) A curve has an equation D = S
−3 −9 .
(i) Given that, can vary, find the stationary values
(ii) Determine the nature of the stationary values.
(d) A curve has an equation D = ln2x. Determine the equation of the straight line which
can be drawn to find the solution of the equation c =
= 2 c ! .
ef
(e) A curve has gradient function e= = 1 − − 2 + 4 S
and passes through the
point (0, 2). Find the equation of the curve.

(f) A piece of wire 20cm long is bent to form the shape below.
h h
5 5
(i) Show that the area, A cm2, of the shape is given by A = 480 − 60 .
(ii) Find the value of for which A is stationary.
QUESTION 8 : 2020 SPECIMEN
(a) The diagram below shows part of the curves D = 27 and D = intersecting at O
D
and A.
D=
D = 27
Find
(ii) the volume obtained by rotating the shaded region through 360° about x-axis.
=P ef
(b) A curve has an equation D= =P
. Given that =− when = 3,
e= T
find the value of .

(c) The velocity, Vms ! of a particle moving in a straight line, b seconds after passing
through a fixed point O, is given by V= 36b − 3b . Find
(i) the value of b when the velocity is constant,
(ii) value of b when the velocity is instantaneous rest,
(iii) distance of the particle from O when the particle is at instantaneous rest.
(d) The curves D = c S= and D = c !=
intersect at the point B. Find the
(i) coordinates of B,
(ii) gradient of each curve in terms of c, at B.
(e) When log10D is plotted against , a straight line is obtained passing through the points
(0.6, 0.3) and (1.1, 0.2). Find log10D in terms of .
(f) A curve has equation D = 2 − 3 sin , find the smallest positive value of for which
the curve has gradient .
(g) The diagram shows a cuboid with a rectangular base of sides cm and 2 cm. The
height of the cuboid is Dcm and its total surface area is 120cm2.
Dcm
2 cm
cm
[= h
(i) Show that the volume, V cm3 of the cuboid is given by V = 40 − S
.
(ii) Given that can vary find the dimensions of the cuboid when v is a minimum.
THE END OF QUESTIONS
Why Should You Fail Mathematics When Success is Guaranteed
COMPILED AND SOLVED BY
KACHAMA DICKSON.C: COPPERBELT − MUFULIRA
AND
MWANSA. E: WESTERN PROVINCE
Mathematics has its own terminologies there in, lies its power
ANSWERS TO ALL THE QUESTIONS
TOPIC 1: SOLUTIONS
QUESTION 1
+ 4y + 3z = 10………………….(i)
2 + D − E = − 1…………………(ii)
3 − D + E = 11 …………………..(iii)
Step 1: Eliminate D from (ii) and (iii) by adding the two equations
2 + D − E = − 1
+ 3 − D + E = 11
5 = 10 ……………..….. (iv)
Step 2: Eliminate D from (i) and (ii) by multiplying (iii) by 4 and add them
+ 4D + 3E = 10
12 − 4D + 4E = 44
13 + 7E = 54 ……..………(v)
Step 3: Solve (iv) and (v) simultaneously
5 = 10 ⟹ =2
13 + 7E = 54
13(2) + 7E = 54
26 + 7E = 54
7E = 54 − 26
7E = 28
E = 4
Step 4: Substitute the values of by 2 and E by 4 in (ii) to find the value of D
2(2) + D − 4 = −1
4 +D − 4 = −1
D = −1
∴ = •, = −‚ and ƒ = „ Ans
QUESTION 2
+ 2D + 2E = 4 ………………..(i)
3 − D +4E =25………………..(ii)
3 + 2D − E = −4…………...(ii)
Step 1: Eliminate from (ii) and (iii)
3 − D +4E = 25
− 3 + 2D − E = −4
− 3D + 5E = 29 ……………(iv)
Step 2: Eliminate from (i) and (ii) by multiplying (i) by 3
3 + 6D + 6E = 12
− 3 − D +4E = 25
7D + 2E = −13 ……………(v)
− 3D + 5E = 29 2 eliminate E −3(−3) + 5E = 29
7D + 2E = −13 5 9 + 5E = 29
−6D + 10E = 58 5E = 29 − 9
−30D + 10 = −65 5E = 20
−41D = 123 (Divide by – 41 both sides) E=4
D = −3
Step 4: Substituting the value of D and E in (i)
+ 2(−3) + 2(4) = 4
−6+8=4
+2=4
=2
∴ = •, = −… and ƒ = „
QUESTION 3
2 + − = −1………………..……(i)
+3 −2 = −6 ……………….(ii)
5 +2 + = 5 ………………..(iii)
Step 1: Eliminate c from (i) and (iii) by adding the two equations
2 + − = −1
+ 5 +2 + = 5
7 + 3 = 4 …………………...(iv)
Step 2: Eliminate c from (i) and (ii) by multiplying (i) by 2 throughout.
4 + 2 − 2 = −2
− +3 −2 = −6
3 − = 4 ……………………...(v)
Step 3: Solve (iv) and (v) simultaneously by multiplying (v) by 3
7 +3 =4 3 − =4
+9 − 3 = 12 3(1) − =4
16 = 16 − = 4−3
=1 − =1
= −1
Step 4: Substitute the value of and in (iii)
5(1) + 2(−1) + = 5
5−2+ =5
3+ =5
=2
∴ = ‚, = −‚ and = • Ans
QUESTION 4
4 − D +2E = 6 …………………....(i)
3 + 2D − E = 18 ……………………..(ii)
2 − D + 3E = −1 ……………..….(iii)
Step 1: Eliminate D from (i) and (iii) by subtracting the two equations.
4 − D +2E = 6
− 2 − D + 3E = −1
2 − E = 7 ……………(iv)
Step 2: Eliminate D from (ii) and (iii) by multiplying (i) by 2 and add the two new eqations
8 − 2D + 4E = 12
+ 3 + 2D − E = 18
11 + 3E = 30 ……………(v)
2 − E = 7 3 eliminate E 2 − E = 7
11 + 3E = 30 1 2(3) − E = 7
6 − 3E = 21 6−E =7
+11 + 3 = 30 −E = 7 − 6
17 = 51 (Divide by 17 both sides) −E = 1
=3 E = −1
Step 4: Substitute the values of and E in (iii) to find the value of D
2(3) − D + 3(−1) = −1
6 − D − 3 = −1
3 − D = −1
−D = −1 − 3
D=4
∴ = …, = „ and ƒ = −‚
QUESTION 5
+ 2D + 2E = 3 …………………..(i)
2 + D + 3E = −1………………..(ii)
3 + 2D + E = 7…………………(iii)
Step 1: Eliminate D from (i) and (ii)
+ 2D +2E = 3
− 3 + 2D + E = 7
− 2 + E = −4 ……………(iv)
Step 2: Eliminate from (ii) and (iii) by multiplying (ii) by 2
4 + 2D + 6E = −2
− 3 + 2D + E = 7
+ 5E = −9 ……………(v)
Step 3: Solve (iv) and (v) simultaneously by substitution
+ 5E = −9
= −9 − 5E = −9 − 5(−2)
−2(−9 − 5E) + E = −4 = −9 + 10
18 + 10E + E = −4 =1
11E = −22
E = −2
Step 4: Substituting the value of and E in (i)
2(1) + D + 3(−2) = −1
2 − 6 + D = −1
−4 + D = −1
D = −1 + 4
D=3
∴ = ‚, = … and ƒ = −• Ans
QUESTION 6
2 − D + 3E = 14 ……………….…(i)
+3D − E = − 4 ………………….(ii)
3 − D + 2E = 13 …………………..(iii)
Step 1: Eliminate D from (i) and (ii)
2 − D + 3E = 14
− 3 − D + 2E = 13
− + E = 1 ……………..…(iv)
Step 2: Eliminate from (ii) and (iii) by multiplying (iii) by 3
+ 3D − E = − 4
+9 − 3D + 6E = 39
10 + 5E = 35 ……………(v)
Step 3: Solve (iv) and (v) simultaneously by substitution
− +ƒ=‚
E =1+ E =1+
10 + 5(1 + ) = 35 E = 1+2
10 + 5 + 5 = 35 E=3
15 = 35 − 5
15 = 30
=2
2 + 3D − 3 = −4
2 − 3 + 3D = −4 ∴ = •, = −‚ and ƒ = … Ans
−1 + 3D = −4
3D = −3 (Divide both sides by 3)
D = −1
QUESTION 7
2 + 3D −4E = 1 …………………....(i)
3 − D − 2E = 4……………………..(ii)
4 −7D −6E = −7 ……………..….(iii)
Step 1: Eliminate D from (i) and (ii) by multiplying (ii) by 3 first
2 + 3D −4E = 1
+ 9 −3D −6E = 12
11 − 10E = 13 ……………(iv)
Step 2: Eliminate D from (ii) and (iii) by multiplying (ii) by 7
21 − 7D − 14E = 28
− 4 −7D −6E = −7
17 − 8E = 35 ……………(v)
11 − 10E = 13 8 eliminate E 17 − 8E = 35
17 − 8E = 35 10 17(3) − 8E = 35
88 − 80E = 104 51 − 8E = 35
−170 − 80E = 350 −8E = 34 − 51

−82 = −246 (Divide by −82 both sides) −8E = −16
=3 E = 2
2(3) + 3D −4(2) = 1
6 − 8 + 3D = 1
−2 + 3D = 1
3D = 3
D=1
∴ = …, = ‚ and ƒ = •
QUESTION 8
2 + 3D − E = 2 …………………...(i)
− 2D −4E = 8 ……………………(ii)
3 + 5D +2E = −7 …………………(iii)
Step 1: Eliminate from (i) and (ii) by multiplying (ii) by 2 first
2 + 3D − E = 2
− 2 − 4D −8E = 16
7D + 7E = −14 ……………(iv)
Step 2: Eliminate from (ii) and (iii) by multiplying (ii) by 3
3 − 6D −12E = 24
−3 + 5D +2E = −7
−11D − 14E = 31 ……………(v)

7D + 7E = −14 2 Eliminate E 7(1) + 7E = −14
−11D − 14E = 31 1 7 + 7E = −14
14D + 14E = −28 7E = −14 − 7

−11D − 14E = 31 7E = −21 (Divide by 7 both sides)
3D = 3 (Divide by 3 both sides) E = −3
D=1
− 2(1) − 4(−3) = 8
− 2 + 12 = 8
+ 10 = 8
= 8 − 10
= −2
∴ = −•, = ‚ and ƒ = −…
TOPIC 2 SOLUTIONS
QUESTION 1
(a) 2 −7 +3≥0
2 − −6 +3≥0
(2 − 1)( − 3) ≥ 0 To find the sign in each case,
The critical point are; 2 − 1 = 0 or −3=0 get a number that satisfies
= †$ = =3
each inequality: E.g for ≤ ,
get a number less that and

≤ ≤ ≤3 ≤3
replace it in (2 − 1)
1 1 ≥3
≤ ≤ ≤3
factors
2 2
2 −1 − + +
−3 − − +
(2 − 1)( − 3) + − +
The solution set is written as ‡−∞, ‰ ∪ 3, ∞ )

Tm
(b) 3 24 + 50 = 3( −8 + ) Factor out 3
S
Tm
= 3( − 8 + (−4) + − (−4) ) Find the half of −8 and square it
S
Tm
= 3 ‡( − 4) + S
− 16‹ Factorise − 8 + (−4)
Tm![_
= 3 ‡( − 4) + ‹
S
•
= … ‡( − „)• + …‹
= 3( − 4) + 2 As required and so the turning point is („, •)
QUESTION 2
(a) (9 − ) ≥ 18
9 − − 18 ≥ 0
− 9 + 18 ≥ 0
− 3 − 6 + 18 ≥ 0
( − 3)( − 6) ≥ 0
The critical points are ( − 3)( − 6) = 0
= 3 †$ = 6
≤ 3 3 ≤ ≤6 ≤6
Factors ≤ 3 3≤ ≤6 ≤6
( − 3) − + +
( − 6) − − +
( − 3)( − 6) + − +
The solution is ≤ 3 †$ ≤ 6 which can be written as (−∞, … ∪ Œ, ∞)
(b) 7−5 −2 = −2 −5 +7
T `
−2 − 5 + 7 = −2 ‡ + − ‹
5 5 7 5
= −2 • + +Ž • − −Ž • •
2 4 2 4
T ` T
= −2 Ž‡ + [‹ − − ]
•
T !T]! T
= −2 Ž‡ + [‹ •
]
T _
= −2 Ž‡ + [‹ − •
]
‘ • ’‚
= −• ‡ + „‹ + ’
As required.
‘ ’‚
Hence the turning point is ‡− „ , ‹.
’
QUESTION 3
(a) 2 < 3 + 14
2 − 3 − 14 < 0
2 + 4 − 7 − 14 < 0
(2 − 7)( + 2) < 0
The critical points are (2 − 7)( + 2) = 0
2 = 7 or = −2
`
= or = −2
` `
< −2 − 2 < < >
< −2 7 7
−2 < < >
Factor
2 2
( + 2) − − +
(2 − 7) + + +
(2 − 7)( + 2) − − +
“
The solution is (−∞, −•) ∪ ‡−•, •‹
(b) 6+4 − =− +4 +6
− + 4 + 6 = −1( − 4 − 6)
= −1( − 4 + (−2) − 6 − (−2) )
= −1(( − 2) − 6 − 4)
= −1(( − 2) − 10)
= −1( − 2) + 10 As required and so the turning point is (2, 10)
QUESTION 4
(a) 3 ≤ 4 − 11 ⇒ 3 + 11 − 4 < 0
3 + 11 − 4 < 0
3 − + 12 − 4 < 0
(3 − 1)( + 4) ≤ 0
The critical points are 3 − 1 = 0 †$ + 4 = 0
= S †$ = −4
< −4 − 4 < <S >S
< −4 −4 < <S 1

>
Factors
3
3 −1 − − +
+4 − + +
(3 − 1)( + 4) + − +
Therefore, the range of values of is −4 < < .
S
(b) 7− − 3
`
−3 − + 7 = −3( + − )
S S
`
= −3 Ž + +‡ ‹ − −‡ ‹ •
S ] S ]
`
= −3 Ž‡ + ‹ − − •
] S S]
_[!
= −3 Ž‡ + ]‹ − •
S]
_T
= −3 Ž‡ + ]‹ − S]•
_T
= −3 ‡ + ]‹ + As required and so,
_T
Hence the coordinates of the turning point are ‡− ] , ‹.
QUESTION 5
(a) 2 + ≤6⇒2 + −6≤0

2 + −6≤0
2 +4 −3 −6≤0
(2 − 3)( + 2) ≤ 0
The critical points are 2 − 3 = 0 †$ + 2 = 0
S
= †$ = −2
S S
≤ −2 − 2 ≤ ≤ ≥
≤ −2 3 3
−2 ≤ ≤ ≥
Factors
2 2
2 −3 − − +
+2 + + +
(2 − 3)( + 2) − − +
…
The solution is (−∞, −•) ∪ −•, •
QUESTION 6
(a) 7 + 18 − 9 > 0
7 + 21 − 3 − 9 > 0
7 ( + 3) − 3( + 3) > 0
( + 3)(7 − 3) > 0
The critical points are; + 3 = 0 † 7 − 3 = 0
S
= −3 †$ =
`
S S
≤ −3 − 3 ≤ ≤` ≤`
< −3 3 3
−3 < < >
factors
7 7
+3 − + +
7 −3 − + +
(7 − 3)( + 3) + + +
…
The solution set is written as (−∞, −…) ∪ (−…, ) ∪ (“ , +∞)
S
(b) 2 − 3 − 4 = 2( − − 2)
S S S
= 2Ž − + ‡[‹ − 2 − ‡[‹ •
S \
= 2 Ž‡ + ‹ − 2 − •
]
S [
= 2 Ž‡ + [‹ − ]
•
… • „‚
= • ‡ + •‹ − Ans required
’
[
Hence the minimum value of 2 − 3 − 4 is −
_
QUESTION 7
(a) 3O > −10O − 3

3O + 10O + 3 > 0
3O + O + 9O + 3 > 0
(O + 3)(3O + 1) > 0
The critical points are; O + 3 = 0 or 3O + 1 = 0
O = −3 or O = − S
O < −3 − 3 < O < − O>−

S S
O < −3 1 1
−3 < O < − O>−
Factors
3 3
(O + 3) − + +
(3O + 1) − − +
(O + 3)(3O + 1) + − +
‚
The solution is (−∞, −…) ∪ (− , +∞).
…
(b) −2 − 12 + 4 = −2( + 6 − 2)
= −2( + 6 + (3) − 2 − (−3) )
= −2(( + 3) − 2 − 9)
= −2(( + 3) − 11)
= −2( + 3) + 22 As required
Hence the turning point is (−…, ••)
QUESTION 8
(a) 3 − 10 − 8 < 0
3 + 2 − 12 − 8 < 0
( − 4)(3 + 2) < 0
The critical points are ( − 4) = 0 †$ (3 + 2) = 0
•
= „ –— = − …
< − − < <4 >4

S S
2 2 >4
<− − < <4
Factors
3 3
−4 − − +
3 +2 − + +
( − 4)(3 + 2) + − +
The solution is − S < <4
T
(b) 12 − 6 + 5 = 12 ‡ − + ‹
T
= 12 Ž − + ‡[‹ + − ‡[‹ •
T
= 12 Ž‡ + ‹ + − •
[ ]
m!S
= 12 Ž‡ + [‹ + [_
•
`
= 12 Ž‡ + [‹ + [_•
`
= 12 ‡ + [‹ + as required
[
` ‚
Hence the maximum value of 12 − 6 + 5 is = „ „ Ans
[
TOPIC 3 SOLUTIONS
QUESTION 1
(a) 4=! − 2= = 8 (b) log3(2 + 1) − 2 =log3(3 − 11)

(2 )=! − 2= = 8 log3(2 + 1) − 2log33 = lo3(3 − 11)
2 =!
− 2= − 8 = 0 log3(2 + 1) − log332= log3 (3 − 11)
=P
2 =
÷ 2 − 2= − 8 = 0 log3‡ ‹ = log3(3 − 11) œ†• =1
S>
Note that
( d )> =P and so œ†•S 3 = 2
> − 2= − 8 = 0 = 3 − 11
\
Let D = 2 , then
=
2 + 1 = 27 − 99
f>
−D−8=0 1 + 99 = 27 − 2
[
D − 4D − 32 = 0 100 = 25 Divide both sides by 25

D + 4D − 8D − 32 = 0 = „ Ans
(D + 4)(D − 8) = 0
D = −8 or D = 8
Recall D = 2= For D = −4 is discarded.
2= = 8
2= = 8S
= … Ans
QUESTION 2
(a) 5=! = 9 (b) log4( + 2) = log4( + 2) − 1

log 5=! = log 9 log4( + 2) = log4( + 2) −log44
=>P
( − 1)log5 = log9 log4( + 2) = log4‡ ‹
[
=>P
log5 − log5 = log9 +2=
[
log = log9 + log5 +2=4 +8

™{š\P™{šT
= −4 −6=0
™{š T
.]TS T [ !(![)±›(![)> ![( )(!])

= =
m.]\_\`mmm[S ( )
[±√[m
= 2.365212389 =
„P√„Ÿ „!√„Ÿ
≈ •. …“ Ans = –— =
• •
= ‘. ‚Œ –— = −‚. ‚Œ
QUESTION 3
(a) 3=P = 5 (b) log7(2 − 3) + 2 = log7(17 + 15)

( + 1)log3 = log5 log7(2 − 3) + 2log77 = log7(17 + 15)
log3 + log3 = log5 log7(2 − 3) + log772 = log7(17 + 15)
log = log5 − log3 log7 (2 − 3) × 7 = log7(17 + 15) 2log77 = 2 since
™{šT!™{šS
= (2 − 3) × 49 = 17 + 15 log77 = 1
™{š S
= 0.4649735207 98 − 147 = 17 + 15
= Ÿ. „Œ‘ Ans 98 − 17 = 15 + 147
81 = 162 (Divide by 81 on both sides)
= • Ans
QUESTION 4
(a) 6 =!
= 8 (b) lg S (11 − 2 ) − lg S (2 − 7) = 1
! =
log6 =!
= log8 lg S ‡ =!`
‹ =) lg S 3
! =
(2 − 1)log6 = log8 =3
=!`
2 log6 − log6 = log8 11−2 = 3(2 − 7)

2 log6 = log8 + log6 11 − 2 = 6 − 21
™{š_P™{š]
= −2 − 6 = −21 − 11
™{š ]
.]_ [ S`
= m.\T[ −8 = −32 (Divide both sides by −8)
[ Tm\[
= ‚. Ÿ’ Ans = „ Ans
QUESTION 5
(b) 3 =P
= 8 (b) lg (5 + 4) + 5 lg 2 = 2 + lg(2 + 1)
log3 =P
= log8 lg(5 + 4) + 5lg2 = lg100 + lg (2 + 1)
(2 + 1)log3 = log8 lg(5 + 4) + lg2T = lg100 + lg (2x+1)
2 log3 + log3 = log8 lg(5 + 4) × 2T = lg100 × (2 + 1)
2 œog3 = log8 − log3 (5 + 4)32 = 100(2 + 1)
™{š_!™{šS
= 160 + 128 = 200 + 100
¡{šS
lg100 = 2
m.[ T\]_`S S
= 128 − 100 = 200 − 160
m.T[ [ Tm\[
= Ÿ. „„Œ Ans 28 = 40
•’ “
= „Ÿ = ‚Ÿ Ans
QUESTION 6
(a) 5=!T − 9 = 2 (b) log (21 + 65) − 4 = log (3 − 1).

5=!T = 2 + 9 log (21 + 65) − log 16 = log (3x − 1)
=P]T
lg5=!T = lg11 log ‡ ‹ = log (3 − 1)
]
=P]T
( − 5)lg5 = lg11 =3 −1
]
lg5 − 5lg5 = lg11 16(3 − 1) = 21 + 65

lg5 = lg11 + 5lg5 48 − 16 = 21 + 65
™š PT™šT
= 48 − 21 = 65 + 16
™šT
= 6.489896102 27 = 81
= Œ. „¢ Ans = …Ans
QUESTION 7
(a) 3 =!
=7 (b) log T ( + 4) − 1 = log T x.
lg3 =!
= lg7 log T ( + 4) − log T = 1
=P[
(2 − 1)lg3 = lg7 log T ‡ ‹=1
£
=P[
• lg3 − lg3 = lg7 =5
=
2 lg3 = lg7 + lg3 5 = +4

™š`PT™šS
= ™šS
5 − =4
= 1.38562185 4 =4
= ‚. …¢ Ans = ‚Ans
QUESTION 8
(a) 4S=! = 19 (b) log2 (2 + 3 + 5) = 3 +log2 ( + 1)

lg 4S=! = lg 19 log (2 + 3 + 5) = log 8 + log ( + 1)
(3 − 2) lg 4 = lg 19 log (2 + 3 + 5) = log 8 × ( + 1)
3 lg 4 − 2 lg 4 = lg 19 2 +3 +5=8 +8 œ†• 8 = 3
3 lg 4 = lg 19 + 2 lg 4 2 +3 −8 +5−8= 0
™š \P ™š [
= S ™š [
2 −5 −3=0
= 1.374654586 (2 + 1)( − 3) = 0
‚
= ‚. …“ Ans = − –— = …
•
‚
∴ =… ( = − • is discarded)
Alternative methods can be used too.
TOPIC 4 SOLUTIONS
QUESTION 1
(a) Let ¤( ) = 2 S
−3 − U + 6
Since 2 − 1 is divisible by ¤( ), the 2 − 1 is a factor and so the remainder is zero
2 −1=0⟹ =
‚ S
‡ ‹ = 2‡ ‹ − 3‡ ‹ − U‡ ‹ + 6 = 0
•
1 1 U
2 Ž • − 3 Ž • − + 6 = 0
8 4 2
S ¥
[
−[− +6=0
2 U
− + 6 =
4 2
−2 + 24 U
=
4 2
22 U
=
4 2
4U = 44 (Divide both sides by 4)
¦ = ‚‚Ans
(b) 7 + 35 and 44 − 2 S
− =0⟹ =
Remainder: 7( ) + 35 = 7 + 35
44( ) − 2( )S = 44 − 2 S
Since the two expressions leave the same remainder, hence they are equal
7 + 35 = 44 − 2 S
2 S
+7 − 44 + 35 = 0
§
The zeros are ¥ where P are the factors of 35 and q factors of 2
§ ± ,±T,±`,±ST `
= = ±1, ± , ±5, +7, ± …
¥ ± ,±
T S T T
Using trial and error: 2 ‡ ‹ + 7 ‡ ‹ − 44 ‡ ‹ + 35 = 0
T
Hence = is a factor and using synthetic division, we have
T
2 7 −44 35
S
the power reduces from
−35
to
5 30
the last number is the
2 12 −14 0 remainder
2 + 12 − 14
2 − 2 + 14 − 14
(2 + 14)( − 1)
T
2 S
+7 − 44 + 35 = ‡ − ‹ (2 + 14)( − 1) = 0
‘
= = •, = “ –— = ‚ Ans
QUESTION 2
(a) Let ¤( ) = S
−V + 7 + 10
+2=0
= −2
¤(−2) = 0
(−2)S − V(−2) + 7(−2) + 10 = 0
−8 − 4V − 14 + 10 = 0
−4V − 12 = 0
−4V = 12
V = ![
© = −… Ans
(b) Let S
+ −4 −4
Use the rational zeros i.e divide the factors of 4 by 1 the coefficient of .
± ,± ,±[
±
= ±1, ±2, ±4, the first factor is found by trials.
¤(2) = (2)S + (2) − 4(2) − 4 = 0

Thus − 2 is a factor and so = 2, using the synthetic division to find the other factors:
2 1 1 −4 − 4
2 6 4
1 3 2 0
+3 +2
( + 1)( + 2)
S
+ − 4 − 4 = ( − 2)( + 1)( + 2) = 0
= •, = −‚ –— = −• Ans
QUESTION 3
(a) Let S
+ V + 2 + 12
−3=0⟹ =3
¤(3) = (3)S + V(3) + 2(3) + 12 = 0
27 + 9V + 6 + 12 = 0
27 + 9V + 18 = 0
9V + 45 = 0
9V = −45
V = −5
(b) Let ¤( ) = 2 S
+ − 13 + 6
S
The possible factors are ±1, ±2, ± , ±3 …
By trial we have
¤(2) = 2(2)S + (2) − 13(2) + 6 = 0. Thus − 2 is a factor of ¤( ).
Thus =2
2 2 1 −13 6
4 10 − 6
2 5 −3 0
2 +5 −3
2 − +6 −3
(2 − 1)( + 3)
• …
+ − ‚… + Œ = ( − •)(• − ‚)( + …) Ans
QUESTION 4
(a) Let ¤( ) = 2 S
+V − 72 − 18
+5=0⟹ = −5
Thus ¤(−5) = 17
2(−5)S + V(−5) − 72(−5) − 18 = 17
−250 + 25V + 360 − 18 = 17
−250 + 360 − 18 + 25V = 17
25V + 92 = 17
25V = 17 − 92
25V = −75
© = −… Ans
(b) +O =0⟹ = −O. Since the express have the same remainder, then they are equal
S
−7 +6= S
− − 4 + 4
(−O)S − 7(−O) + 6 = (−O)S − (−O) − 4(−O) + 4
−OS + 7O + 6 = −OS − O + 4O + 4
−OS + OS + O + 7O − 4O + 6 − 4 = 0
O + 3O + 2 = 0
(O + 1)(O + 2) = 0
ª = −‚ –— ª = −•
QUESTION 5
(a) ¤( ) = 2 S
+O −3 +5 (b) ¤( ) = S
−7 +6
−2=0⟹ =2 Since the sum of the coefficients is zero, 1 is
¤(2) = 0 the factor, hence we have =1
2(2)S + O(2) − 3(2) + 5 = 0 1 1 0 −7 6
16 + 4O − 6 + 5 = 0
4O + 16 − 1 = 0 1 1 −6
4O + 15 = 0 1 1 −6 0
4O = −15 + −6
‚‘ …
ª=− = − ‡… „‹ Ans ( + 3)( − 2)
„
∴ ( − 1)( + 3)( − 2) = 0
= ‚, = −… and =•
QUESTION 6
(a) +„=Ÿ⟹ = −„
Suppose that ( ) = S
+O + 8 – 32
Thus (−„) = Ÿ
(−4)S + O(−4) + 8(−4) – 32 = 0
−64 + 16O − 32 − 32 = 0
16O − 64 − 64 = 0
16O −128 = 0
16O = 128
ª = ’ Ans
(b) ¤( ) = S
+2 −5 −6
The possible factors are ±1, ±2, ±3, ±6
¤(2) = 2(3)S + 2(2) − 5(2) − 6 = 0; thus − 2 is a factor and so =2
Using synthetic division, we have
2 1 2 −5 −6
2 8 6
1 4 3 0
+4 +3
( + 1)( + 3)
S
+2 − 5 − 6 = ( − 2)( + 1)( + 3) = 0
= = •, = −‚ –— = −…
QUESTION 7
(a) −4=0⟹ =4
Let ( ) = S
+ O + 2 + 8 .
Now if ( − 4) is divisible by ¤( ) then ¤(4) = 0.
(4)S + O(4) + 2(4) + 8 = 0
64 + 16O + 8 + 8 = 0
16O + 64 + 16 = 0
16O + 80 = 0
16O = −80
ª = −‘ Ans
(b) Let ¤( ) =– S
−4 − +6
Since the sum of the coefficients i.e – 1 − 4 − 1 + 6 = 0 then, = 1 and so ( − 1) is
one of the factors. By using the synthetic division, we can find the other factors as
follows:
1 −1 − 4 − 1 6
−1 −5 −6
−1 − 5 − 6 0
− −5 −6
− −2 −3 −6
( + 2)(− − 2)
∴ =– …
−„ •
− + Œ = ( − ‚)( + •)(− − •) Ans
QUESTION 8
(a) +1=0⟹ = −1
Let ¤( ) = 3 S
− 14 − 7V + 10. Now if the expression ¤( ) is divisible by
+ 1, then ¤(−1) = 0.
3(−1)S − 14(−1) − 7(−1)V + 10 = 0
−3 − 14 + 7V + 10 = 0
−17 + 10 + 7V = 0
−7 + 7V = 0
7V = 7
© = ‚ Ans
(b) f(x) = 2 S
−3 − 30 + 56
By finding the rational zeros, we divide the factors of 56 by the factors of 2
± ,± ,±[,±`,±_,…
± ,±
`
The possible factors are ± 1, ± 2, ± 4, ± , …..
The first factor is found by trial

¤(1) = 2(1)S − 3(1) − 30(1) + 56 = 25, hence ( − 1) is not a factor.
¤(2) = 2(2) − 3(2) − 30(2) + 56 = 0
Hence =2⟹ − 2 = 0 and so ( − 2) is a factor of the expression ¤( ).
By the synthetic division, the other factors can be found as follows.
2 2 −3 −30 56
4 2 - 56
2 1 −28 0
2 + − 28
2 − 7 + 8 − 28
(2 − 7)( + 4)
∴2 S
−3 − 30 + 56 = 0
( − 2)(2 − 7)( + 4) = 0
− 2 = 0 †$ 2 − 7 = 0 †$ + 4 = 0
“
= •, = –— = −„ Ans
•
TOPIC 5: SOLUTIONS
QUESTION 1
(a) (i) Total number of marbles = 3 + 7 = 10 marbles.

Since there are no restrictions, it means that we have the 10 marbles to be arranged
in a straight line.
10! = 10 × 9 × 8 × 7 × 6 × 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 ×× 1 = 36 28800 ways Ans
(ii) Note: If we place the 7 red marbles, this leaves 3 spaces to place the green marbles
between them. That is – $ − $ − $ − $ − $ − $ − $ −
We can observe that, there is only one way to place them.
→ There also 8 empty spaces to place the three green marbles that is C$ = 8C3 ways
to do this. By multiplication rule, we have 1 × 8C3 = 56 ways
(b) At least 4 girls
We have the following possibilities
4 girls → 2 boys
5 girls → 1 boy
6 girls → No boy
∴ the number of ways of choosing at least 4 girls = 8C2 × 6C4 + 8C1×6C5
= 28 × 15 + 8 × 6
= 420 + 48 = „Œ’ Ways
QUESTION 2
(a) (i) There are 10 people to be arranged in a straight line: Thus 10! = 3628880 Ways Ans
(ii)
(b) Number of ways of choosing 3 boys from 10 boys = 10C3
9! m! S] __m
n
Cr = (9!")!"! = ( = = 120 ways
m!S)!S! `!S!
Number of ways of choosing 2 girls from 5 = 5C2

9! T! m
n
Cr = (9!")!"! = (T! )! !
= = 10 ways
S! !
∴ the number of ways of choosing a delegate of 3 boys and 2 girls from 10 boys and 5
girls is = 10C3 × 5C2= 120 × 10 = ‚•ŸŸ ways
QUESTION 3
(a) (i)Treating the number of girls as one student, we have 1 + 4 = 5.

→ Student to arrange = 5! = 120 ways
→ Also girls can be arranged in 5! = 120 ways
∴ the number of ways of putting girls in a straight line if girls are together
= 5! × 5! = ‚•Ÿ × ‚•Ÿ = ‚‚„ŸŸ Ways
(ii) No two boys are together.
→ First we find the number of ways if two boys are together, that is we consider “two
boys as one boy”
→ So there are 5 + 2 + 1 = 8 = 8! = 40320 ways
→ Also boys can be arranged in 2! = 2 ways
And so the number of ways when two boys are together = 40320 × 2 = 80640
ways
∴ number of ways when two boys are not together = (5 + 4)! − 80640
= 9! − 80640 = 362880 − 80640 = •’••„Ÿ Ways
(b) Number of ways of choosing 3 girls from 5 girls = 5C3
9! T! m
n
Cr = (9!")!"! = (T!S)!S! = = 10 ways
!S!
Number of ways of choosing 2 boy from 4 boys = 4C2

9! [! [
n
Cr = (9!")!"! = ([! )! !
= = 6 ways
! !
∴ the number of ways of choosing 2 boys and 3 girls = 5C3 × 4C2= 10 × 6 = ŒŸ ways.
QUESTION 4
(a) The word CONSUMER has 8 letters.

∴ the number of ways = ’! = „Ÿ…•Ÿ ways
(b) (i) Number of people in the committee = 2 + 7 = 9
∴ number of ways they can be seated = ¢! = …Œ•’’Ÿ ways
(ii) ……….
(c) The following are the possibilities
6 men → 4 women
5 men → 5 women
∴ number of ways of choosing not more than 6 women =7C6 × 5C4 + 7C5×5C5
= 7 × 5 + 21 × 1
= 35 + 21 = ‘Œ Ways
QUESTION 5
_!
(a) Number of ways = 6! × 8C6 = 720 × (_!])!]!
[mS m
= 720 ×
!]!
[mS m
= 720 × ×` m
= •Ÿ‚ŒŸ ways Ans

(b) (i) Number of ways of choosing 5 men from 8 men = 8C5
9! _! [mS m
n
Cr = (9!")!"! = (_!T)!T! = = ‘Œ ways
S!T!
Number of ways of choosing 4 women from 7 women = 7C4

9! `! Tm[m
n
Cr = (9!")!"! = (`![)![! = = …‘ ways
S![!
∴ the number of ways of choosing 5 men and 4 women from 8 men and 7 women
= 8
C5 × 7C4 = 56 × 35 = ‚¢ŒŸ Ways. Ans
(ii) The following are the possibilities of choosing at least 7 women
7 men → 2 women
8 men → 1 woman
9 men → No woman → which is not possible since we only have 8 men.
∴ the number of ways of choosing at least 7 women = 8C7 × 7C2 + 8C8 × 7C1
= 8 × 21 + 1 × 7
= ‚“‘ Ways Ans
QUESTION 6
(a) The word COMPUTABLE has 10 words.

∴ number of ways = 10! = 3628800 Ways
°± e
(b) ® ¯¡
∑ +2 = 2! × 2! × 2! × 2! × 2! × 5!
= 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 120
= 32 × 120
= …’„Ÿ ways
(c) Number of ways of choosing 3 Bishops from 5 = 5C3
9! T! m
n
Cr = (9!")!"! = (T!S)!S! = !S!
= 10 ways
Number of ways of choosing 4 Evangelist from 7 = 7C4

9! `! Tm[m
n
Cr = (9!")!"! = (`![)![! = S![!
= 35 ways
∴ the number of ways of choosing 5 men and 4 women from 8 men and 7 women
= 5
C3 × 7C4 = 10 × 35 = …‘Ÿ ways.
QUESTION 7
(a) (i) Number of discs = 6 + 3 = 9

There are just 9 discs to arrange in the straight line.
Hence number of ways = 9! = 362880 Ways
(ii) Without restrictions = 362880 ways
If we think of three blue discs and treat the them as one, then we have 6 + 1 = 7
The blue discs can also be arranged in 3! = 6 ways
Thus we have = 7! × 3! = …Ÿ•„Ÿ
∴ the discs can be arranged in 362880 – …Ÿ•„Ÿ = 332640 ways if the blue discs are to
be next to each other.
(b) Number of ways of choosing 2 girls from 7 girls = 7C2
9! `! Tm[m
n
Cr = (9!")!"! = (`! )! !
= T! !
= 21 ways
Number of ways of choosing 3 boys from 4 girls = 4C3

9! [! [
n
Cr = (9!")!"! = ([!S)!S! = = 4 ways
!S!
∴ the number of ways of choosing 2 girls and 3 boys from 7 girls and 4 boys
= 7
C2 × 4C3 = 21 × 4 = ’„ ways.
QUESTION 8
(a) The word UNGROUPED has 9 letters including two U’s

¢!
∴ number of arrangements = •!
…Œ•’’Ÿ
•
= ‚’‚ „„Ÿ ways Ans

(b) Number of people to be selected is 5. Now out of this number there must be more women
than men.
The following are the possibilities
3 women 2 men
4 women 1 man
5 women 0 men → this one is ivalid since the selection should consist of different
items
∴ the number of ways = 7C3 × 6C2 + 7C4 × 6C1
= 35 × 15 + 35 × 6
= 525 + 210
= “…•‘ Ways Ans
TOPIC 6: SOLUTIONS
QUESTION 1
(a) 2 sin 2 + 1 = 0 Now we know that the sine ratio is (−) in the 3rd and 4th
2 sin 2 = −1 quadrants.
sin 2 = − In 3rd quadrant: Y = 180° + 30° = 210°
sin 2 = −0.5 In 4th quadrant: Y = 360° − 30 = 330

Let Y = 2 Recall that Y = 2
sin Y = −0.5 2 = 210° also 2 = 330°
Y = sin! (−0.5) = 105° = 165°
Y = −30° ∴ = ‚Ÿ‘° or ‚Œ‘° Ans
(b) (i) R sin(X − Y)
⟹ R sin(X − Y) = R sin θ cos α − cos θ sin α
R sin θ cos α − Rcos θ sin α = 5 sin θ − 12cos θ
R sin θ cos α = 5 sin θ (Divide through by sin X)
R cos α = 5
− Rcos θ sin α = − 12cos θ (Divide both sides by −cos θ)
R sin α = 12
µ wxy ¶
R sin α + R cos α = 12 + 5 tan Y = µ z{w ¶ =
T
R (sin α + cos α) = 144 + 25 tan Y =

T
R (1) = 169 Y = tan! ‡ T ‹
R = 169 Y = 67.38013505
Z = √169 Y == 67.4°
R = 13 since R > 0
∴ ‘ ·¸¹ º − ‚•»¼· º = ‚… ·¸¹(º − Œ“. „°) As required
(ii) 5 sin θ − 12cos θ = 6.5 Recall that Sin is positive in the 1st and 2nd quadra
13 sin(θ − 67.4°) = 6.5 →In the 1st quadrant: Y = 30°
].T
sin(θ − 67.4°) = →In the 2nd quadrant: Y = 180 − 30° = 150°
S
Let Y = X − 67.4° Now X − 67.4° = Y

].T
sin Y = X = 30° + 67.4° or X = 150 + 67.4°
S
].T
Y = sin! ‡ ‹ ∴ ½ = ¢“. „° or •‚“. „° Ans
S
Y = 30°
QUESTION 2
(a) cos(X + 30°) = sin X

cos θ cos 30° − sin θ sin 30° = sin θ
√S
cos θ ‡ ‹ − sin θ ‡ ‹ = sin θ (Divide both sides of the equation by sin θ)
√S
‡ ‹ cot X − (1) = 1 Now recall that:
√S
‡ ‹ cot X = 1 + Tan is positive in the 1st and 3rd quadrants
√S S
‡ ‹ cot X = → In the 1st quadrant: X = 30°
S
cot X = × → In the 3rd quadrant: X = 180° + 30° = 210°
√S
S
cot X = ∴ ½ = …Ÿ° or •‚Ÿ° Ans
√S
S
¾¿y À
=
√S
√S
tan X =
S
√S
X = tan! ‡ S ‹
X = 30°
[
(b) sin A = 5
T
S
cos A = 4
T
sin B = 1 − cos B 3 A
T
sin B = 1 − ‡− S‹ ∴ ·¸¹(Á + Â) = ·¸¹ Á »¼· Â + »¼· Á ·¸¹ Â
T „ ‘ … ‚•
sin B = 1 − =‡ ×− ‹+‡ × ‹
]\ ‘ ‚… ‘ ‚…
]\! T [ S]
sin B = =− +
]\ S ]T
[[ ! mPS]
sin B = ]\
= ]T
[[ ‚Œ
sin B = ; = Œ‘ Ans
]\
sin B =
S
QUESTION 3
(a) √2 cos( + 45°) = 4sin

√2 cos cos 45° + sin sin 45° = 4sin
√2 cos ‡ ‹ + √2 sin ‡ ‹ = 4 sin

√ √
cos + sin = 4 sin

z{w = wxy = wxy =
+ wxy = = 4 wxy = Recall that tan is ve(+) in the 1st and 3rd quadrants
wxy =
cot + 1 = 4 → In the first quadrants: = 18.4°

=4−1 → In the 3rd quadrant: = 180° + 18.4° = 198.4°
¾¿y =
3tan =1 ∴ = ‚’. „° –— ‚¢’. „°

tan =S
= tan! ‡S‹
= 18.4°
(b) (i) Z sin(X − Y)
⟹ R sin(θ − α) = R sin θ cos α − cos θ sin α
R sin θ cos α − Rcos θ sin α = 5 sin θ − 12cos θ
R sin θ cos α = 5 sin θ (Divide through by sin X)
R cos α = 5
− Rcos θ sin α = − 12cos θ (Divide both sides by −cos θ)
R sin α = 12
µ wxy ¶
R sin α + R cos α = 12 + 5 tan Y = µ z{w ¶ =
T
R (sin α + cos α) = 144 + 25 tan Y = T
R (1) = 169 Y = tan! ‡ T ‹
R = 169 Y = 67.38013505
R = √169 Y = 67.4°
R = 13 since R > 0
∴ ‘ ·¸¹ º − ‚•»¼· º = ‚… ·¸¹(º − Œ“. „°) As required
(ii) The maximum value is R = 13.
QUESTION 4
(a) 3 cos 2 − 1 = 0 Now we know that the cosine ratio is (+) in the 1st and 4th
3 cos 2 = 1 Quadrants.
cos 2 = In 1st quadrant: Y = 70.5°

S
Let Y = 2 In 4th quadrant: Y = 360° − 70.5° = 289.5°
cos Y = S Recall that Y = 2
Y = cos ! ‡S‹ 2 = 70.5° or 2 = 289.5°
Y = 70.52877937 = 35.25° = 144.75°

Y = 70.5° ∴ = …‘. •° or ‚„„. ’° Ans
(b) (i) R cos(X − Y) = R cos X cos Y + Rsin X sin Y
R cos X cos Y + Rsin X sin Y = √5 cos X + 2 sin X
R cos cos Y = 2 cos X and Rsin X sin Y = 2 sin X
µ z{w À z{w Ã √T z{w À µwxy À wxy Ã wxy À Ä wxy Ã
z{w À
= = → tan Y = =
z{w À wxy À wxy À Ä z{w Ã √T
R cos Y = √5 R sin Y = 2 tan Y =

√T
R cos α + R sin α = o√5p + (2) Y = tan! ‡ ‹

√T
R (cos α + sin α) = 5 + 4 Y = 41.8103149

R (1) = 9 Å = „‚. ’
›R = √9
R = 3 since R > 0
∴ √‘ »¼· ½ + • ·¸¹ ½ = … »¼·(½ − „‚. ’) Ans
Hence √5 cos X + 2 sin X = 1.2
3 cos(X − 41.8) = 1.2
.
cos(X − 41.8) =
S
Let Y = X − 41.8
.
cos Y = S
.
Y = cos ! ‡ ‹
S
Y = 66.4°
Now cosine is positive in the 1st and 4th quadrants.
→ In the 1st quadrant: Y = 66.4°
→ In the 4th quadrant: Y = 360° − 66.4° = 293.6°
Recall that Y = X − 41.8
X = 66.4 + 41.8 = 108.2° and X = 293.6° + 41.8° = 335.4°
∴ ½ = ‚Ÿ’. • –— ……‘. „°
QUESTION 5
(a) cos( + 60°) = 2 sin( + 30)

cos cos 60° − sin sin 60° = 2 sin cos 30° + 2 cos sin 60°
‚ √S √S
cos ‡ ‹ − sin ‡ ‹ = 2 sin ‡ ‹ + 2 cos ‡ ‹
•
√S
cos − sin = √3 sin + cos = tan ‡− ‹
S√S
√S
cos − cos = √3 sin + sin = −10.89359465
S√S
− cos = sin (Multiply both sides by 2 we get) = −10.9
− cos = 3√3 sin (Divide both sides by cos ) = 180 − 10.9 = 169.1°
−1 = 3√3 tan = 360° − 10.9 = 349.1°
tan = − S√S ∴ = ‚Œ¢. ‚° –— …„¢. ‚° Ans
[
(b) (i) If cos Æ = T, then by Pythagoras theorem, the opposite side is 3 and so
S
sin A = T
5
S
∴ sin A = ‡T‹ 3
A
\
sin A = 4
T
An alternate method for finding sin A is sin A = 1 − cos A

(ii) To find cos(A − B) we need to find sin B
sin B = 1 − cos B
sin B = √1 − cos B ∴ cos(A − B) = cos A cos B + sin A sin B
sin B = ;1 − ‡− S‹
[ S T
cos(A − B) = ‡T × − S‹ + ‡T × ‹
S
[[ [_ T
sin B = ;1 − ]\
cos(A − B) = − ]T + ]T
T ![_P T
sin B = ; cos(A − B) =
]\ ]T
T ……
sin B = »¼·(Á − Â) = − Œ‘ Ans
S
(c) cos 2X = 2 sin X − 1 Now if sin X = then by the Pythagoras theorem
S
\
= 2 sin X − 1 the adjacent side = 5
]\
119
+ 1 = 2 sin X
169
__
= 2 sin X
]\
_
sin X = ×
13
12
]\
sin X =
[[
X
]\
[[ ‘
sin X = ; ∴ »¼· ½ = ‚… Ans
]\
sin X =
S
QUESTION 6
(a) 4 sin = cosec sin = −0.5 or sin = 0.5
4 sin = = sin! (−0.5) = sin! (0.5)

wxy =
4 sin =1 = −30 = 30
√sin = ;[ Recall that sin is positive in 1st and 2nd quadrants and negative in
sin =± 3rd and 4th quadrants;
sin = ±0.5 → In the 1st quadrant: = 30°

→ In the 2nd quadrant: = 180 − 30° = 150°
→ In the 3 quadrant: 180° + 30° = 210°
rd
→ In the 4th quadrant: 360° − 30° = 330°

∴ = …Ÿ°, ‚‘Ÿ°, •‚Ÿ°, ……Ÿ°
(b) (i) cos 2A = 1 − 2sin A
[
cos 2A = 1 − 2 ‡T‹
]
cos 2A = 1 − 2 ‡ T‹
S
cos 2A = 1 −
T
T!S `
cos 2A = =−
T T
(ii) To find tan(A + B), we first need to find tan B
[
If tan Æ = S then, by Pythagoras theorem, the Hypotenuse side is 5.
wxy Ç T
sin B = 1 − cos B Recall that tan B = = ÷−
z{w È S S
T S
sin B = √1 − cos B tan B = ×−
S
sin B = ;1 − ‡− S‹
T
tan B = − S
[[ ¾¿y Ç ¾¿y È
sin B = ;1 − ∴ tan(A + B) = = tan A +tan B ÷ 1 − tan A tan B
]\ !¾¿y Ç ¾¿y È
]\! [[ [ T [ T
sin B = ; tan(A + B) = ‡S − ‹ = 1 − ‡S × − ‹
]\
T T
sin B = ; tan(A + B) = ÷ ‡1 + \‹
]\
T [
sin B = tan(A + B) = ÷
S \
\
tan(A + B) = ×
[
……
ÉÊ¹(Á + Â) = Ans
‘Œ
QUESTION 7
(c) • ·¸¹(…Ÿ° + ) = »¼·

2 sin 30° cos + cos 30° sin = 3cos
√S
2 ‡ ‹ cos + 2 ‡ ‹ sin = 3 cos
cos + √3 sin = 3 cos Recall that tan is positive in the 1st and 3rd quadrant
z{w = wxy = z{w =
z{w =
+ √3 z{w = = 3 z{w = → In the 1st quadr: = 49.1°
1 + √3 tan =3 → In the 3rd quadra: = 180° + 49.1° = 229.1°

√3 tan =2 ∴ = „¢. ‚° –— ••¢. ‚° Ans
tan =
√S
= tan! ‡ ‹
√S
= 49.1°
(b) R cos( − Y) = R cos cos Y + Rsin sin Y
3
R cos cos Y + Rsin sin Y = sin + 2 cos
2
S
R cos cos Y = 2 cos and Rsin sin Y = sin
h h
µ z{w = z{w Ã z{w = µwxy = wxy Ã wxy = Ä wxy Ã
z{w =
= z{w = wxy =
= >wxy = → tan Y = Ä z{w Ã = >
S S
R cos Y = 2 R sin Y = tan Y =
[
S S
R cos α + R sin α = 2 + ‡ ‹ Y = tan! ‡ ‹
[
\
R (cos α + sin α) = 4 + [ Y = 36.9°
( ]P\) T
Z (1) = (ii) The maximum value is
[
T T
Z = ; [ =
… ‘
∴ • ·¸¹ + • »¼· = • »¼·( − …Œ. ¢) Ans
QUESTION 8
(a) cos( + 60°) = 2 sin

cos cos 60° − sin sin 60° = 2 sin
√S
cos ‡ ‹ − sin = 2 sin (Divide by
√S
cot − =2
√S
cot = 2+
[P√S
cot = (Multiply throughout by 2)
cot = 4 + √3
= 4 + √3 → In the 1st quadrant : = 9.9
¾¿y =
4 + √3 tan = 1 → In the 3 quadrant:
rd
= 180 + 99.9 = 189.9°
tan = [P√S = 9.9° †$ 189.9°
= tan! ‡[P√S‹
= 9.9°
(b) (i) R sin( + Y) = R sin cos α + cos sin α
⟹ R sin cos α + Rcos sin α = 5 sin + 12cos
R sin cos α = 5 sin (Divide through by sin )
R cos α = 5
Rcos sin α = 12cos (Divide though by cos )
R sin α = 12
µ wxy ¶
R cos α + R sin α = 5 + 12 tan Y = =
µ z{w ¶ T
R (cos α + sin α) = 25 + 144 tan Y =

T
R (1) = 169 Y = tan! ‡ T ‹
√R = √169 Y = 67.4°
R = 13 Since R >0
∴ Ì ·¸¹( + Å) = ‚… ·¸¹( + Œ“. „) As required.
(ii) The maximum value is 13.
TOPIC 7: SOLUTIONS
QUESTION 1
(a) (i) Í9 = $ 9! = 8 ÷ 3$ (ii) q' =

!"
[
ÍS = $ S! = 8÷ 3‡ ‹ q' = Î
S !
h
[
2S = $ = 8 ÷ 3 ‡\‹ q' = >
h
_ S
$ =S =8÷S q' = 24 ×
_
= S" > …………(i) = 8×3 Ï' = …Œ
→ Í] = $ ]! = •„
_
_ = $ T …………(ii)
_ _
From (i): S" > × $ T = _
_" h _ _ S
S
= _ ⇒ $S = _ × _ =
`
‚ ‚
— = ;•“ = … Ans
…
(b) 9th term = 4 + 1
We need to find the first term and common difference
= T = 4(1) + 1 = 5
T = 4(2) + 1 = 9
=T −T = 9−5= 4
q9 = 2 + ( − 1)
2
9
= 2(5) + ( − 1)4
9
= 10 + 4 − 4
9
= 6+6
]9 [9>
= +
Sn= …Ð + •Ð•
9
(c) T_ = 4TT q9 = 2 + ( − 1)
_
+ (8 − 1) = 4( + (5 − 1) ) q_ = 2 + (9 − 1)
+ 7 = 4( + 4 ) 20 = 4 2 + 7 (divide by 4 both sides)

+ 7 = 4 + 16 5=2 +7
− 4 = 16 − 7 2 + 7 = 5 …………….(ii)
−3 = 9
m
= −3 …………..(i) q m = 2(−15) + (10 − 1)5
From (i): 2(−3 ) + 7 = 5 q m = 5 −30 + 9 × 5

−6 + 7 = 5 q m = 5 −30 + 45
= 5 q m = 5 15
= −3(5) q m = 75
= −15
∴ the first term is −15, the common difference is 5 and the sum of the first 10 terms is 75
_
$= ;
h
(d) (i) Ty = $ 9! `
(ii) q' = !"
T = $ !
$= q' = ÷ ‡1 − ‹
S S
_
= $ = > q' = ÷ ‡S‹
_×
h
= ………….. (i) = q' = ×3

_"
TT = $ T! q' =
[
4
= $[
243
[
$[ = ………….(ii)
[S
[
From equation (i): × $[ =
_" [S
"h [ _×[ _
= ⇒ $S = =
_ [S [S `
QUESTION 2
9 [m
(a) (i) q9 = 2 + ( − 1) (ii) q[m = 2(20) + (40 − 1) − 3
[
q9 = 2a + (4 − 1)d q[m = 20(40 + 39 × −3)
62 = 2(2 + 3 ) q[m = 20(40 − 117)

31 = 2 + 3 q[m = 20(−77)
2 + 3 = 31 ………..(i) q[m = −1540
Í9 = + ( − 1)
Í = + (2 − 1)
17 = +
= 17 − ……………(ii)
From (i): 2(17 − ) + 3 = 31
34 − 2 + 3 = 31
= 31 − 34
= −3
From (ii) : = 17 − (−3)
= 17 + 3
= 20
(b) (i) Ty = $ 9! (ii) q' =
!"
m!
T m = 81 × ‡S‹ q' = 81 ÷ ‡1 − S‹
\
T m = 81 × ‡ ‹ q' = 81 ÷ ‡ ‹
S S
Î>
T m = 81 × q' = 81 × 3
SÎ>
T [ __
T m = 81 × Ï' = •„… Ans
] ] []`
T [ T_
T m = Ans
[S[_\m`
9
(c) (i) = K75 000 (ii) q = ( + œ)
=K10 000 q = (75 000 + 185 000)
Ty = + ( − 1) q = 6(260 000)
T = 75 000 + (12 − 1)10 000 Ï‚• = K1, 560 000 Ans
T = 75 000 + 11 × 10 000
Comment: Since the sponsorship is
T = 75 000 + 110 000
increasing by a constant amount of
Ò‚• = K185 000 Ans
K10 000 each year, then it is an AP
(d) GP: , $, $ 9$ + 3$ + 6$ + 2 = 0
GP: 1, $, $ 9$ + 3$ + 6$ + 2 = 0
The sum of the terms is 1 + $ + $ (3$ + 1)(3$ + 2) = 0
`
=1+$+$ 3$ + 1 = 0 or 3$ + 2 = 0
\
`
$+$ = \−1 3$ = −1 †$ 3$ = −2
‚ •
$ +$ = −\ — = − … or — = − … Ans
9($ + $ ) = −2
9$ + 9$ + 2 = 0
QUESTION 3
(a) (i) q] = 56 Solving equations (i) and (ii) simultaneously

]
q] = 2 + (6 − 1) yields = • and =…
57 = 3(2 + 5 ) (ii) q = 2(2) + (12 − 1)3
19 = 2 + 5 q = 6(4 + 11 × 3)
2 + 5 = 19 ………(i) q = 6(4 + 33)
Next 17 terms implies 6 + 7 = 13 q = 6(37)
q S = 203 + 57 = 260 Ï‚• = ••• Ans
13
260 = 2 + (13 − 1)
2
260 = 6.5(2 + 12 )
40 = 2 + 12
2 + 12 = 40 …….(ii)
S S
(b) (i) Ty = $ 9! From equ (ii): " > × $ _ = =
">
S
TS = $ S! 32$ ] = = Î >
‡ ‹
>
32 = $ 64$ ] = 1 = 32 × 4
S
= ………..(i) $] = = ‚•’
"> ][
‚
$ = ;][ = •
Ó
Í\ = $ \!
= $_ ⟹ $_ =
(ii) q' =
!"
q' = 128 ÷ ‡1 − ‹
q' = 128 ÷
q' = 128 × 2
Ï' = •‘Œ Ans
(c) TT = 3T
Sm
+ (5 − 1) = 3( + (2 − 1) ) From (i) =2 qSm = 2 ‡ ‹ + (30 − 1)1
+ 4 = 3( + )
+4 =3 +3 2 + 9(2 ) = 10 qSm = 15(1 + 29)
4 −3 =3 − 2 + 18 = 10 qSm = 15(30)
= 2 ………….. (i) 20 = 10 Ï…Ÿ = „‘Ÿ Ans
9 m
q9 = 2 + ( − 1) =
m
m ‚
q m = 2 + (10 − 1) =
•
50 = 5(2 + 9 ) =2×
10 = 2 + 9 =‚
2 + 9 = 10 ……….(ii)
_
(d) Ty = $ 9! = t
o√ p
_
TT = $ T! = >
8 = $[ =2
_ (" # ! )
= " t ……..(i) q9 = "!
Î>
‡o√ p ! ‹
TS = $ S!
q =
√ !
( Ó! )
4= $ q =
√ !
(][! )
$ = 4 ……(ii) q =
√ !
_ (]S)
Replace by " t in (ii) q =
√ !
_
×$ =4 q = 304.19090989
"t
_
=4 q = 304 (3 s.f)
">
4$ = 8
_
$ =[=2
— = √• Ans
QUESTION 4
9
(a) T [ = 55 and S S = 351 q9 = 2 + ( − 1)
S
Ty = + ( − 1) q S = 2 + (13 − 1)
Í[= + (14 − 1) 351 = 6.5(2 + 12 ) (Divide by 6.5 both sides)

55 = + 13 2 + 12 = 54 (Divide by 2 both sides
+ 13 = 55 ……..(i) + 6 = 27 ……….. (ii)
Solving equations (i) and (ii) simultaneous yields = 3 and = 4
28
q _ = 2(3) + (28 − 1)4
2
q _ = 14(6 + 27 × 4)
q _ = 14(6 + 108)
q _ = 14(114)
q _ = 1596
∴ the sum of the first 28 terms is 1596
‚ _
(b) (i) — = … and q _ =
`
(ii) S' =
!"
(‚!—Ð )
q9 = ‚!—
S' = T ÷ 1 − r
Î t
Ž !‡ ‹ •
q[ = S' = T ÷ 1 − ‡S‹
h
Î
!
h
ÔÕ
_ ‡ ‹
`
= ÔÎ
> S' = ÷
T S
h
_ _m S
`
= _
÷S S' = T ×
_ _m S …
= × Ö' = ‚Ÿ Ans
` _
_ [m
=
` `
1080 = 216
]
=
m_m
= T
‚
∴ the first term is ‘ Ans
9 [
(c) (i)Sy = ( + œ) (ii) S [ = 2(3) + (24 − 1)
9
1176 = (3 + 95) 1176 = 12(6 + 23 × ) (Divide by 12 both sides)
9
1176 = (98) 98 = 6 + 23
1176 = 49 98 − 6 = 23
`]
= [\
23 = 92 (Divide by 23 both sides)
= 24 =„
∴ there are 24 terms in the progression and the common difference is 4
(" # ! )
(d) q9 = "!
≤ 800
× #
(‡ ‹ ! )
>
× ≤ 800
!
>
× #
Ž‡ ‹ ! •
≤ 800
>
h
>
T 9
× 2 ‡‡ ‹ − 1‹ ≤ 800
S
[ T 9 [ S
S ‡‡ ‹ − 1‹ ≤ 800 (Divide by S both side which is the same as multiplying by [)
T 9 S
‡‡ ‹ − 1‹ ≤ 800 × [
T 9
‡ ‹ − 1 ≤ 600
T 9
‡ ‹ ≤ 601 Take log on both sides
5 9
log Ž • ≤ log 601
2
T
log ‡ ‹ ≤ log 601
™{š ]m
≤ ×
™{š
>
≤ 6.983149247
=7
∴ the number of terms that can be added is 7
QUESTION 5
9
(a) (i) Ty = + ( − 1) (ii) Sy = ( + œ)
m
Í m = + (20 − 1)5 S m = (100 + 195)
195 = + 19 × 5 S m = 10(295)
195 = + 95 Ö•Ÿ = •¢‘Ÿ
195 − 95 =
100 =
= ‚ŸŸ
(b) Ï' = ‚!— Replace by 3 − 3$ in (ii) = 3 − 3$
3= !"
3 (3 − 3$)(1 + $) = 8 = 3 − 3 ‡S‹
= 3(1 − $) 3 3 + 3$ − 3$ − $ =8 =3−1
= 3 − 3$……..(i) 3(3 − 3$ ) = 8 =•
( !" # )
q9 = 9 − 9$ = 8
!"
o !" > p
2S = −9$ = −1
!"
_ ( !")( P")
= $ =
S !" \
_
S
= (1 + $) $ = ;\
‚
3 (1 + $) = 8 ……(ii) —=…
9
(c) Í T = 2Í\ q9 = 2 + ( − 1)
\
+ (15 − 1) = 2( + (9 − 1) ) 279 = 2 + (9 − 1)
+ 14 = 2( + 8 ) 279 = 4.5(2 + 8 )
+ 14 = 2 + 16 62 = 2 + 8
− 2 = 16 − 14 2 + 8 = 62 ……..(ii)
− =2
= −2 ………(i)
S
From equa (i) = −2 ⟹ = −2 ‡ ‹
2(−2 ) + 8 = 62 = −3
−4 + 8 = 62
4 = 62
] S
= = = 15.5
[
S
Therefore, the first term is = −31 and the common difference = .
Ø Ø [
(d) (i) Ø> = Øh (ii) $ = T ÷ T q' =
Î > !"
SÙP P[Ù T [
PÙ
= SÙP $ =T×[ q' = T ÷ ‡1 − ‹
[
(3a + 1)(3a + 1) = (1 + a)(1 + 4a) $=[ q' = T ÷
[
9a + 6a + 1 = 1 + 5a + 4a $= q' = T ×
_
9a − 4a + 6a − 5a + 1 − 1 = 0 q' = T
5a + a = 0
a(5a + 1) = 0
a = 0 †$ 5a + 1 = 0
a = 0 †$ 5a = −1
a = − T since a ≠ 0
GP = 1 + ‡− T‹ , 3 ‡− T‹ + 1, 1 + 4 ‡− T‹
S [
GP = 1 − T , − T + 1, 1 − T
[
GP = T , T , T.
QUESTION 6
(a) (i)T = 4TT T = T_ + 12

+ (22 − 1) = 4( + (4 − 1) ) + (12 − 1) = + (8 − 1) + 12
+ 21 = 4( + 4 ) + 11 = + 7 + 12
+ 21 = 4 + 16 11 − 7 = 12 + −
21 − 16 = 4 − 4 = 12
5 =3 =3
5(3) = 3
3 = 15 ⟹ =5
T
(ii) q T = 2(5) + (15 − 1)3
q T = 7.5(10 + 14 × 3)
q T = 7.5(10 + 42)
q T = 7.5(52)
Ï‚‘ = …¢Ÿ Ans
(b) q' =
!"
36 = = 36(1 − $)
!"
= 36(1 − $) = 36 Ž1 − ‡− ‹•
o !" h p
qS = !"
= 36 ‡1 + ‹
_ o !" h p S
= !"
= 36 ‡ ‹
_ S]( !")o !" h p
= = 18(3)
!"
_
= 36(1 − $ S ) = ‘„ Ans
72(1 − $ S ) = 81
72 − 72$ S = 81
−72$ S = 81 − 72
−72$ S = 9
\
$S = − `
$S = − _
$ = ;− _
h
‚
— = − Ans
•
(c) T] = + (6 − 1) From equation (i) = 17 − 5
17 = + 5 2(17 − 5 ) + 7 = 25
= 17 − 5 ………(i) 34 − 10 + 7 = 25
_
q_ = 2 + (8 − 1) −3 = 25 − 34
100 = 4(2 + 7 ) −3 = −9
25 = 2 + 7 =3
2 + 7 = 25…….(ii) = 17 − 5(3)
= 17 − 15
=2
∴ the first term is 2 and the common difference is 3
Sum of the last 8 terms = q m −q
m
Sum of the last 8 terms= 2(2) + (20 − 1)3 − 2(2) + (12 − 1)3
Sum of the last 8 terms= 10(4 + 19 × 3) − 6(4 + 11 × 3)

Sum of the last 8 terms= 10(4 + 57) − 6(4 + 33)
Sum of the last 8 terms = 10(61) − 6(37)
Sum of the last 8 terms = 610 − 222
Sum of the last 8 terms = …’’ Ans
(d) (i) Ò¹ = —Ð!‚
_
TS = $ S! But = T" >
_
= $ = 8 ÷ 5$
T
_
= ………(i) = 8 ÷ 5 ‡± ‹
T" > T
[
TT = $ T! = 8 ÷ 5 ‡ T‹
S [
T
= $[ =8÷T
S T
$[ = …….(ii) = 8×[
T
_
From equation (i): = T" > =2×5
_ S
T" >
× $[ = T
= 10
_" > S •
= ∴ the first term is 10 and the common ratio is ± ‘
T T
1000$ = 160 (ii) S' =

!"
]m m
$ = mmm
S' = >
!
×
[ S
$ = T
S' = 10 ÷ T
[ T
$=; S' = 10 × S
T
Tm
$ = ± T Ans S' =
S
•
Ö' = ‚Œ … Ans
QUESTION 7
(a) (i) Í9 = + ( − 1)
T
ÍS = + (3 − 1) We know that = ]
−2
T T S
= +2 = − 2 ‡− ‹
] ] _m
T T ]
+2 = = +
] ] _m
T TP]
= ]
− 2 …….(i) = _m
…‚
Í] = + (6 − 1) = Ans
’Ÿ
T
= +5
+ 5 = T ……..(ii) (ii) Ò¹ = + (Ð − ‚)
T S S
From equation 1: = −2 Tm= + (10 − 1) × −
] _m _m
T S S
−2 +5 = Tm= +9×−
] T _m _m
T S `
3 = − Tm= −
T ] _m _m
]! T [
3 = _m
T m = _m
\ ‚
3 = − _m Ò‚Ÿ = •Ÿ Ans
\
= − _m×S
…
= − ’Ÿ Ans
®
(b) $ = ®h = _ = [ (ii) S' = !"
>
® ®
$ = ®> = ®h S' = 32 ÷ ‡1 − [‹
Î >
_ S
S=PT = [ S' = 32 ÷ [
[
3 + 5 = 32 S' = 32 × S
_
3 = 32 − 5 S' =
S
3 = 27 S' = 42 S Ans
= ¢ Ans
= 3(9) + 5 = 3
[m
(c) T` T = 2T\ S[m = (2(−6) + (40 − 1)3)
+ (15 − 1) = 2( + (9 − 1) ) S[m = 20(−12 + 39 × 3)

+ 14 = 2( + 8 ) S[m = 20(−12 + 117)
+ 14 = 2 + 16 S[m = 20(105)
14 − 16 = 2 − S[m = 2100
−2 = ∴ the sum of 40 terms is 2100
= −2 ………..(i)
S T + S\ = 279
T \
(2 + (15 − 1) ) + (2 + (9 − 1) ) = 279
7.5(2 + 14 ) + 4.5(2 + 8 = 279

15 + 105 + 9 + 36 = 279
24 + 141 = 279 ………(ii)
From equation (i): = −2 , replace this in equa (ii)
24(−2 ) + 141 = 279
−48 + 141 = 279
93 = 279
= … Ans
= 2(−3) = −6
`
(d) Ty = $ 9! We know that = "Ó
`
T` = $ `! = SÓ
`
27 = $ ] =`
\
` ‚
= " Ó ……(i) = •“ Ans
ÍT = $ T!
3 = $[
$ [ = 3 ……(ii)
`
From equation (i): = , replace this in equa (ii)
"Ó
27
× $[ = 3
$]
` (" # ! )
=3 Sy =
"> "!
Î
oSÔ ! p
3$ = 27 S_ = >Û
S!
Î
(]T]m)
$ =9 S_ = >Û
$ = √9 S_ = (3280)
`
‚…
$ = ±3 Ö’ = ‚•‚ Ans
•“
$=3
QUESTION 8
9
(a) q9 = 2 + ( − 1) Note that the sum of the next 6 terms = q
]
q] = 2 + (6 − 1) q = 555 + 1455 = 2010
555 = 3(2 + 5 ) (2 + (12 − 1) = 2010

TTT
=2 +5 6(2 + 11 ) = 2010 (divide by 6 both sides)
S
185 = 2 + 5 2 + 11 = 335 ……………(ii)

2 + 5 = 185 ……(i)
Solving equations (i) and (ii) simultaneously gives = 30 and = 25.
∴ the first term is 30 and the common difference is 25.
ToSÔ ! p
(b) (i) Ty = $ 9! = 45 ÷ 3 (ii) S_ = S!
T(]T]m)
TS = $ S! = 45 ÷ 9 S_ =
45 = $ =5 S_ = 5(3280)
[T
= " > ………(i) Ö’ = ‚Œ„ŸŸ
ÍT = $ T!
405 = $ [
[T
From equa (i) = ">
45
× $ [ = 405
$
45$ = 405
$ = 9 ⟹ $ = √9 = ±3 = 3
TOPIC 8: SOLUTIONS
QUESTION 1
First make a frequency distribution table for easy calculations of mean and standard
deviation.
class ¤ ¤ ¤ C
.frequency
1−5 3 5 15 9 45 5
6 − 10 8 8 64 64 512 13
11 − 15 13 12 156 169 2028 25
16 − 20 18 18 324 324 5832 43
21 − 25 23 9 207 529 4761 52
26 − 30 28 6 168 784 4704 58
31 − 35 33 2 66 1089 2178 60
Totals Ü ¤ = 60 Ü ¤ = 1000 Ü¤ = 20060
]m
(a) Median = = 30. In the c. frequency column, the first figure to reach 30,
corresponds to the median class. In this case the figure is 43 and so, the median class is
16 − 20.
∑ @= mmm
(b) (i) Mean ( ̅ ) = ∑@
= ]m
= 16.66666667 = ‚Œ. “
∑ @= >
(ii) SD = ; ∑@
− ( ̅)
mm]m
SD = ; − (16.16.66666667)
]m
SD= √334.3333333 − 277.777778

SD = √56.55555556
SD = “.520342782
SD = 7. 52 (correct to 3 significant figures) Ans
QUESTION 2
class ( − Ý)• ( − Ý)• cum.

freq
1 − 20 10.5 13 136.5 1697.44 22066.72 13
21 − 40 30.5 56 1708 449.44 25168.64 69
41 − 60 50.5 60 3030 1.44 86.4 129
61 − 80 70.5 48 3384 353.44 16965.12 177
81 − 100 90.5 23 2081.5 1505.44 34625.12 300
Totals 200 10340 98912
mm
(a) Median= = 100. In the cumulative frequency column, the first figure to reach 100,
41 − 60.
∑ @= mS[m
(b) (i) Mean ( ̅ ) = ∑@
= mm
= 51.7
( !Ý)•
(ii) SD = ; ∑=
\_\
SD =;
mm
SD = √494.56
SD = ••. • (Correct to 3 sig figures).
QUESTION 3
Class • • Cum. freq

6−8 7 13 91 49 637 13
8 − 10 9 16 144 81 1296 29
10 − 12 11 9 99 121 1089 38
12 − 14 13 15 195 169 2535 53
14 − 16 15 22 330 225 5632 75
16 − 18 17 15 255 289 4335 90
18 − 20 19 20 380 361 7220 110
Totals 110 1494 22744
m
12 − 14.
∑ @= [\[
(b) (i) Mean ( ̅ ) = ∑@
= = 13.58181818 = ‚…. Œ
m
∑ @= >
(ii) SD = ; ∑@
− ( ̅)
`[[
SD = ; m
− (13.58181818)
SD= √206.7636364 − 184.4657851

SD = √22.29785128
SD = „. “• (correct to 3 significant figures) Ans
QUESTION 4
Time(t) • • Cum freq

0 − 9 4.5 2 9 20.25 40.5 2
10 − 19 14.5 4 58 210.25 841 6
20 − 29 24.5 6 147 600.25 3601.5 12
30 − 39 34.5 11 379.5 1190.5 13092.75 23
40 − 49 44.5 14 673 1980.25 27723.5 37
50 − 59 54.5 7 387.5 2970.25 20791.75 44
60 − 69 64.5 4 258 4160.25 16641 48
70 − 79 74.5 2 149 5550.25 11100.5 50
Totals 50 2061 93832.5
Tm
40 − 49.
∑ @=
(b) (i) Mean ( ̅ ) = ∑@
2061
=
50
= 41.22
= 41.2
∑ @= >
(ii) SD = ; ∑@
− ( ̅)
\S_S .T
SD = ; − (41.22) SD = 13.32484897
Tm
SD = √1876.64 − 1699.0884 SD = ‚…. … Ans

SD = √177.5516
QUESTION 5

0−2 1 4 4 1 4 4
3−5 4 3 12 16 48 7
6−8 7 5 35 49 245 12
9 − 11 10 7 70 100 1000 19
12 − 14 13 10 130 169 1690 29
15 − 17 16 6 96 256 1536 35
18 − 20 19 5 95 361 1805 40
Totals 40 442 5328
[m
12 − 14.
∑ @= [[
(b) (i) Mean ( ̅ ) = ∑@
= [m
= 11.05
∑ @= >
(ii) SD = ; ∑@
− ( ̅)
TS _
SD = ; − (11.05)
[m
SD= √133.2 − 122.1025

SD = √11.0975
SD = …. …… (correct to 3 significant figures) Ans
QUESTION 6
(a) Mean and Standard deviation of computer A

= SP]P P\P SP P mP ]P _P
̅=∑ =
9 m
‚ŸŸ
Ý= = ‚Ÿ
‚Ÿ
2
+62 +122 +92 +132 +112 +102 +162 +182 +22
SD = ;
∑ 2
− ( Ý )2 = ;3 10
− 102
SD = √107.5 − 100
SD = √7.5
SD = 2.74 correct to 3 significant figures.
Mean and Standard deviation of computer B
∑= `P[P_P mP SP ]P `P TP[P] mm
̅= = = = ‚Ÿ Ans
9 m m
2
2
+42 +82 +102 +132 +162 +172 +15 +42 +62
SD = ;
∑ 2
− ( Ý )2 = ;7 10
− 102
SD = √122 − 100
SD = √22
SD = „. Œ¢ correct to 3 significant figures.
(b) Model A is more reliable because its standard deviation is close
QUESTION 7
153 − 157 155 9 1395 24025 216225 9
158 − 162 160 23 3680 25600 58880 32
163 − 167 165 35 5775 27225 952875 67
168 − 172 170 27 4590 28900 780300 94
173 − 177 175 6 1050 30625 183750 100
Totals 100 16490 2721950
mm
163 − 167.
∑ ‚Œ„¢Ÿ
(b) (i) Ý = ∑ = = ‚Œ„. ¢
‚ŸŸ
∑ @=
(ii) SD = ; ∑ − ( ̅ )
@
` \Tm
SD = ; − (164.9)
mm
SD = √27219.5 − 27192.01
SD = √27.49
SD = ‘. •„ Correct to 3 significant figures
QUESTION 8
1−3 2 12 24 4 48 12
4−6 5 9 45 25 225 21
7−9 8 8 64 64 512 29
10 − 12 11 11 121 121 1331 40
13 − 15 14 7 98 196 1372 47
16 − 18 17 20 340 289 5780 67
19 − 21 20 13 260 400 5200 80
22 − 24 23 15 345 529 7935 95
Totals 95 1297 22403
¢‘
(a) Median = •
= „“. ‘. The median class is 13−15
∑
(b) Ý= ∑
‚•¢“
= ¢‘
= 13.65263158
= 13.7 correct to 3 significant figures
∑ @=
(ii) SD = ; ∑ @ − ( ̅ )
[mS
SD = ; \T
− (13.65263158 )
SD = √235.8210526 − 186.394349
SD = √49.4267036
SD = 7.030412762
SD = “. Ÿ… Correct to 3 significant figures
TOPIC 9: SOLUTIONS
QUESTION 1
(a) (i) To find the coordinates of A and B, simplify equate the curve and the line
D=D → when = 1, D = 4(1) − 1 = 4 − 1 = 3
+2=4 −1 → when = 2; D = 4(3) − 1 = 12 − 1 = 11
−4 +2+1= 0 ∴ the coordinates of A and B are (1, 3) and (3, 11) Ans
−4 +3=0
( − 1)( − 3) = 0
= 1 †$ = 3
Þ
(ii) V = g oD −D p
S
V=g (4 − 1) − ( + 2)
S
V=g 16 −8 +1−( [
+4 + 4)
S
V=g 12 − [
−8 −3
S
V = g ß4 S
−T T
−4 −3 ‰
1 1
V = g àŽ4(3)S − (3)T − 4(3) − 3(3)• − Ž4(1) − (1)T − 4(1) − 3(1)•á
5 5
` ]
V = g ß‡ T ‹ — ‡− T ‹‰
__
V = g‡T‹
__u
V= T
∴ ã = ‘‘. … (Correct to 3 significant figures) Ans
ä
(b) (i) (a) ä = Œå• − ‚’å + ‚• (ii) Max velocity occurs when =Ÿ
å
eæ
= e|
= 12b − 18 12b − 18 = 0
∴ acceleration function = ‚•å − ‚’ Ans 12b = 18

_
(b) Distance = s b b=
…
Distance = (6b − 18b + 12) b å = seconds Ans
•
S S
Distance = 3b S − 9b + 12b + Maximum V = 6 ‡ ‹ − 18 ‡ ‹ + 12
\
At the origin, b = 0 and D = 0, thus V = 6 ‡[‹ − 9(3) + 12
T[
0= 0+ V= [
− 27 + 12
T[
=0 V= − 15
[
T[!]m
∴ Distance = …å… − ¢å• + ‚•å Ans V= [
]
Distance = 2b S − 9b + 12b V = −[
S S S S …
Distance = 2 ‡ ‹ − 9 ‡ ‹ + 12 ‡ ‹ V = − Ans
•
` \
Distance = 2 ‡ ‹ − 9 ‡ ‹ + 18
_ [
` _
Distance = − + 18 =
[
`!_ P`
Distance = [
_
Distance = = 4.5m Ans
[
ef
(c) (i) At the stationary points, e= = 0
D=2 S
−9 + 12 + 18 → when = 1; D = 2(1)S − 9(1) + 12(1) + 18 = 23
ef
=6 − 18 + 12 D = 2 − 9 + 12 + 18
e=
6 − 18 + 12 = 0 D = 23
]= > _= m
− + =] → when = 2; D = 2(2)S − 9(2) + 12(2) + 18
] ] ]
−3 +2=0 D = 2(27) − 9(4) + 24 + 18

( − 1)( − 2) = 0 D = 54 − 36 + 42 = 22
− 1 = 0 †$ − 2 = 0 ∴ the coordinates of the stationary points are (1, 23) and
= 1 †$ = 2 (2, 22) Ans
(ii) To determine the nature of the points, we use the second derivative test.
e> f e> f
e= >
= 12 − 18 at = 1, = 12(1) − 18 = −6 < 0, the point (1, 23) is a maximum
e= >
e> f
At = 2; e= > = 12(2) − 18 = 24 − 18 = 6 > 0, the point (2, 22) is the minimum.
(d) At the point where the two curves meet, they are equal
d
D = D ⟹ c >!S = c `PS= Gradient of each curve
d d
= ef ef
−3= 7+3 For D = c >!S , e= = c >!S at = −4; e= = c !T
ef ef
− 6 = 14 + 6 For D = c `PS= ; e= = 3c `PS= at = −4; e= = 3c !T
‚
− 6 = 14 + 6 ∴ the gradient of each curve are ç = • è!‘
−5 = 20 and ç = …è!‘ .
= −4
D = c `PS(![)
D = c `!
D = c !T
∴the coordinates of the point where the curves meet is (−„, è!‘ ).
(e) D = + sin 2 Recall that Cos is negative in the 2nd and 3rd quadrants
ef u u
= 1 + 2 cos 2 In the 2nd quadrant = × =
e= S S
[u
1 + 2 cos 2 = 0 In the 3rd quadrant: 2 = S
[u u
2 cos 2 = −1 = × =
S S
é •é
cos 2 = − ∴ = …
and …
Ans
2 = cos ! ‡− ‹
u
2 =
S
(f) (i) Perimeter of the metal plate = D + D + + + [ × 2g
60 = 2D + 2 + g
60 − 2 − g = 2D (Divide throughout by 2)
30 − − [g = D
eê
A=D× + g (ii) At the stationary point, =0
[ e=
eê
A= ‡30 − − [g ‹ + [g e=
= 30 − 2
A = 30 − − g + g −2 + 30 = 0
[ [
A = …Ÿ − •
As required −2 = −30
= ‚‘ Ans
eê
(iii) A = 30(15) − 15 At = 15; = −2 = −2(15) = −30 < 0
e=
A = 450 − 225 Hence the point (15, 225) is a minimum.

A = ••‘ units2
QUESTION 2
(a) (i) At point A where the curve and the line meet, they are equal, thus D = D
= √4
( ) = o√4 p → when =4
=4 D=4
−4 =0 ∴ the coordinates of A are („, „) Ans
( − 4) = 0
= 0 †$ − 4 = 0
= 0 †$ = 4
Þ
(ii) V = g oD −D p
[
V = g ë(4 − )
m
[
V = g ß2 −S S
‰
m
1
V = g àŽ2(4) − (4)S • − (0)á
3
64
V = g Ž16 − •
3
\]!][
V = g‡ ‹
S
…•
ã= é ì¹¸É·… Ans
…
(b) (i) = „å − ‚•, To find the velocity, we integrate a
s= b = (4b − 12) b → At instantaneous rest, V = 0
V = 2b − 12b + b = 0 and s = 16 2b − 12b + 16 = 0
16 = 2(0) − 12(0) + b − 6b + 8 = 0
= 16 (b − 2)(b − 4) = 0
V = •å• − ‚•å + ‚Œ å = • –— å = „ Ans
(ii) To find distance, we integrate the velocity function
Distance = (2b − 12b + 16)
= S b S − 6b + 16b +
Distance = S (5)S − 6(5) + 16(5) + 0

Tm
Distance = S
− 150 + 80
•‘Ÿ
Distance = − 70
…
Tm! m [m
Distance = S
= S
= ‚…. …m Ans (Correct to 3 significant figures)
ef
(c) (i) At the stationary point, e= = 0
=> =h > h
D=6 − − → When = 2; D = 6(2) − −
S S
ef _
e=
=6− − D = 12 − 2 − S
6− − =0 D= S
(!S)> (!S)h
− − +6=0 → When = −3; D = 6(−3) − − S
\
(− + 2)( + 3) = 0 D = −18 − + 9
\
− + 2 = 0 †$ + 3 = 0 D=
•• ¢
= 2 †$ = −3 ∴ the coordinates are ‡•, ‹ and ‡−…, •‹
…
(ii) To state the nature of the stationary points, we use the second derivate test.
e> f e> f ••
= −1 − 2 at = 2; = −1 − 2(2) = −5 < 0, the point ‡•, ‹ is a maximum.
e= > e= > …
e> f e> f ¢
= −1 − 2 at = −3; e= > = −1 − 2(−3) = 5 > 0, the point ‡−…, •‹ is a
e= >
minimum point. Note that the gradient method can also be used to determine the nature.
(d) At the point of intersections of the curve is equal to the line; thus D = D.
ef
3c =![
=3 → D = 3c =![
; e= = 6c =![
ef
c =![
=1 At = 2; e= = 6c (! )![
= 6c m = 6
c =![
= cm ∴ the gradient of the curve is 6.
2 −4=0
2 =4
[
=
=2
D=3
∴ the coordinates of the point where the curve intersects the line are (•, … )
(e) To find the equation of the curve, we integrate the gradient function
ef
=4 + =4 + !
→ Now at (−1, 5), we substitute these values to find c
e= =>
D = (4 + !
) 5 = 2(−1) − ! +
[= > = íÎ
D= + + 5=2+1+
!
D=2 − + 5=3+
=
=2
‚
∴ the equation of the curve that passes through (−‚, ‘) is =• •
− +•
(f) (i) T.S.A = 2(3 × ℎ + 2 × ℎ) + 2 × 3

200 = 2(5 ℎ) + 6
200 −6 = 2(5 ℎ) Divide both side of the equation by 2
mm!]= >
5 ℎ=
5 ℎ = 100 − 3
mm S= >
ℎ= −
T= T=
•Ÿ …
î= − ‘
Hence shown
(ii) ã = ï × ×î
20 3
V=3 ×2 ×Ž − •
5
20 3
V=6 Ž − •
5
_= h
s = 120 − T
The dimensions will be
eæ m
To maximize the volume, =0 œ = 3 = 3 ‡ ‹ = 10cm
e= S
eæ T[= > m m
e=
= 120 − T
= 2 = 2‡S‹ = S
cm
ÎÕ
T[= > m S= m S‡ ‹
120 − =0 ℎ= − = 20 ÷ ‡ S ‹ − h
T = T T
T[ S m
= 120 ℎ = 20 × −
T m T
54 = 600 ℎ =6−2
]mm
= T[
ℎ=4
mm •Ÿ
= \
∴ ï = ‚Ÿcm, = cm and î = 4cm
…
mm
=; \
‚Ÿ
= Ans
…
QUESTION 3
(a) (i) At point A where the curves intersect, the curves are equal. Thus =
2 +2= +6 For = 2; D = 2 + 6
2 − +2−6=0 D = 4+6
−4=0 D = 10
( − 2)( + 2) = 0 ∴ The coordinates of A are (•, ‚Ÿ)
= 2 †$ = −2.
(ii) V = g m
o( + 6) − (2 + 2)p
V= g m
[
+ 12 + 36 − (4 [
+8 + 4)
V=g m
−3 [
+4 + 32
S [
V = g ß− T
+ S
+ 32 ‰
T S m
S [
V = g ß‡− (2)T + (2)S + 32(2)‹ − (0)‰
T S
\] S
V = g ‡− + + 64‹
T S
! __P ]mP\]m
V = g‡ ‹
T
’…•
V= ‚‘
é ì¹¸É·…
(b) (i) V = Ub − 3b + 10
eæ
= = U − 6b
e|
1 = U − 6b
1 = U − 6(0)
U=1
ð = b − 3b + 10
(ii) s = b − 3b + 10 (iii) Distance = s b
When the particle is at instantaneous rest, V = 0 S = (b − 3b + 10) b
|>
−3b + b + 10 = 0 S= − b S + 10b +
>
3b − b − 10 = 0 S= − (2)S + 10(2) + 0
3b − 6b + 5b − 10 = 0 S = 2 − 8 + 20
(b − 2)(3b + 5) = 0 S = 14a
T
b = 2 †$ b = − S ∴ the distance is 14m.
∴ å = •Seconds
(c) (i) D = −2 S
+3 + 12 + 27 ⇒ when = −1
ef
= −6 + 6 + 12 D = −2(−1)S + 3(−1) + 12(−1) + 27
e=
−6 + 6 + 12 = 0 D = 2 + 3 − 12 + 27 = 20
!]= > ]=
!]
+ + =0 ⇒ When =2
!] !]
− −2=0 D = −2(2)S + 3(2) + 12(2) + 27

( + 1)( − 2) = 0 D = −16 + 27 + 24 + 27
= −1 †$ = 2 D = 47
∴ the coordinate of the stationary points are (−‚, •Ÿ) and (•, „“)
(ii) We use the gradient method the determine the nature of the stationary points
ef
⇒ At = 2; e= = −6(1) + 6(1) + 12 = 12 (Get a value less that 2)
ef
= −6(3) + 6(3) + 12 = 12 ( Get another value greater than 2)
e=
ef ef
e=
= 12 > 0 e=
= −24 < 0
∴ the stationary point has a minimum point at (•, „“)
ef
⇒ At = −1; e= = −6(−2) + 6(−2) + 12 = −24 (Get a value less than −1)
ef
= −6(0) + 6(0) + 12 = 12 (Get a value greater than −1).
e=
ef ef
= −24 < 0 = 12 > 0
e= e=
∴ the stationary point has a minimum point at (−‚, •Ÿ)
(d) •
è !•
= ‚ take natural log on both sides
ln( c =! ) = ln(1)
ln + lnc =! = 0 Recall: œ 1 = 0
2ln + ( − 2)lne = 0 ln c = 1
2D + −2=0 ln c 9 = ln c
2D = − + 2 ln( D) = ln + ln D
‚
= − • + ‚ Ans
ef
=6 +4 −5 → at (2, 10) → 10 = 2(2)S + 2(2) − 5(2) +
e=
D = (6 + 4 − 5) 10 = 16 + 8 − 10 +
D=2 S
+2 −5 + 10 = 14 +
= −4
∴ the equation of the curve is =• …
+• •
− ‘ − „ Ans
(f) (i) (OP) + (PQ) = (OP) T
+D =5 R Q
D = 25 −
D = √25 −
A=œ 5cm D
A= D
A = ( D)
O S
A = ×D
cm P
5 cm
A = ‡›25 − ‹
A = (25 − ) Hence shown

eê> Tm
(ii) A is stationary when e=
= 0’; = 0 = [
T
A = 25 − [
= 0 †$ =
eê> T
= 50 − 4 S
= 0 †$ = ;
e=
‘
50 − 4 S
= 0 = Ÿ –— = Ans
√•
(50 − 4 )=0
= 0 or 4 = 50
QUESTION 4
(a) (i)To find the coordinates of A and B, we equate the two equations of the curve and the
line and then solve for x and y, i.e D = D
_
=− +6 When = 2:
=
− +6 =8 D = −2 + 6 = 4
−6 +8=0 When =4
( − 2)( − 4) = 0 D = −4 + 6
− 2 = 0 or − 4 = 0 D = 2
= 2 or = 4
∴ the coordinates of A and B are (2, 4) and (4, 2) respectively.
Þ
(ii) V = g (D − D )
[ _
V = g (− + 6) − ‡ ‹
=
[ _
V=g ‡ − 12 + 36 − ‹
=>
[
V=g ( − 12 + 36 − 8 ! )
[
=h _
V = gßS −6 + 36 + =‰
[h _ h _
V = g ß‡ S − 6(4) + 36(4) + [‹ − ‡ S − 6(2) + 36(2) + ‹‰
][ _
V = g ß‡ − 96 + 144 + 2‹ − ‡ − 24 + 72 + 4‹‰
S S
][ _
V = g ß‡ S + 50‹ − ‡S + 52‹‰
[ ][
V = g‡ − ‹
S S
‘Ÿ
V= é ì¹¸É·…
…
eô
(b) (i) V = e| = 3b − 12b + 9 (ii) At momentarily rest V = 0
V = …å• − ‚•å + ¢ 3b − 12b + 9 = 0

V = 3(4) − 12(4) + 9 b − 4b + 3 = 0
V = 48 − 48 + 9 (b − 1)(b − 3) = 0
V = 9m/s b = 1 †$ b = 3
∴ å = ‚ seconds or å = …seconds
(c) At the point where the curves meet, they are equal to each other,
D = D ⟹ c =P` = c SPS=
c =P` = c =PS= When =2
+7=3+3 D = c =P`
7−3=3 − D=c P`
4=2 D = c\
=2
∴ the coordinates of the point where the curves meet are (2, c \ )
Gradients of each curve at the point
ef ef
D = c =P` , e= = c =P` at = 2, e= = a = c \
ef ef
D = c SPS= ⟹ e= = 3c SPS= at = 2, e= = a = 3c \
∴ the gradient, ç, of each curve at the point = • are 3c \ and c \ .

(d) (i) D = 2 S
−9 + 12 + 18
ef ef
e=
=6 − 18 + 12 at the stationary point, e= = 0
6 − 18 + 12 = 0 → when = 1; D = 1S − 9(1) + 12(1) + 18

−3 +2=0 D = 1 − 9 + 12 + 18 = 13
( − 1)( − 2) = 0 → when = 2; D = 2S − 9(2) + 12(2) + 18
− 1 = 0 or − 2 = 0 D = 8 − 36 + 24 + 18
= 1 or = 2 D = 12
∴ the coordinates of the stationary point are (1, 13) and (2, 12).
e> f
(ii) To determine the nature of the stationary point, use e= > test.
ef e> f
=6 − 18 + 12 ⟹ e= > = 12 − 18
e=
e> f
= 12(1) − 18 = −6 < 0, hence the point (1, 13) is a maximum point
e= >
=1
e> f
= 12(2) − 18 = 6 > 0, hence the point (2, 12) is the minimum point.
e= >
=2
(e) D = 2 cos 2 + Now the sin ratio is positive in the 1st and 2nd quadrants
ef
= −4 sin 2 + 1 → In the 1st quadrant: Y = 14.5°
e=
−4 sin 2 + 1 = 0 → In the 2nd quadrant: Y = 180 − 14.5 = 165.5

−4 sin 2 = −1 Recall that Y = 2
sin 2 = = 0.25 2 = 14.5 and 2 = 165.5

[
[.T ]T.T
Let Y = 2 = 2 =
sin Y = 0.25 = 7.25 = 82.75°

Y = sin! (0.25) ∴ = “. ’ or ’•. ’°
Y = 14.5
(f) (i) V = œ × ×ℎ
Data
œ = 16 − ( + ) = 16 − 2
= 10 − ( + ) = 10 − 2
ℎ=
V = (16 − 2 )(10 − 2 )
V = (160 − 32 − 20 + 4 )
V = 160 − 52 +4 S
V=4 S
− 52 + 160
V = 4( S
− 13 + 40 ) Hence shown.
eæ
(ii) Volume at stationary e= = 0
s=4 S
− 52 + 160
eæ
= 12 − 104 + 160
e=
12 − 104 + 160 = 0
3 − 26 + 40 = 0
!(! ])±›(! ])> ![(S)([m) ]P [ ]! [
= = †$ =
(S) ] ]
]±√ \] [m
= ]
= ]
†$ = ]
]± [ m
= = †$ 2
] S
When = 2: V = 4(2)S − 52(2) + 160(2)
V = 32 − 208 + 324
V = 148 units S
m m S m m
When = ; V = 4 ‡ ‹ − 52 ‡ ‹ + 160 ‡ ‹
S S S S
S mmm m_mm S mm
V= − +
` \ S
]mm
V=− = −59.25925926
`
V = 59.3 units S
To determine where the volume is a maximum or minimum, use the second derivative test
eõ e> æ
e=
= 12 − 104 + 160, e= > = 24 − 104.
e> æ
At = 2; e= > = 24(2) − 104 = −56 < 0 Maximum
m e> æ m
At = S
; e= > = 24 ‡ S ‹ − 104 = 56 > 0 Minimum volume.
QUESTION 5
(a) (i) D = D D = 2(1)
2 = 2√ (Square both sides) D = 2(1)
4 [
=4 (Divide by 2 both sides) D=2
[
= ∴ the co-ordinates of A are (‚, •)
[
− =0
( S
− 1) = 0
= 0 †$ S
=1
= √1 = 1
h
Þ
(ii) V = g (D − D )
V = g ë ßo2√ p − (2 ) ‰
[
V=g m
4 −4 [
V = g ‡2 − T‹
[ m![
V = g ß2 −T T
‰ V = g‡ ‹
m T
[ Œé
V = g ß‡2(1) − T (1)T ‹ − (0)‰ ã= öÐ÷åø…
‘
eõ
(b) (i) When velocity is constant, then = 0 (ii) At instantaneous rest, v = 0
e|
ù
= =Ÿ …å• − …Ÿå + “• = Ÿ
å
ð = 3b − 30b + 72 b − 10b + 24 = 0
eõ
= 6b − 30 (b − 4)(b − 6) = 0
e|
6b − 30 = 0 b − 4 = 0 or b − 6 = 0
6b = 30 b = 4 or b = 6
å = ‘ seconds ∴ time is 4 seconds or 6 seconds.
[
(iii) D = m
(3b − 30b + 72) b
[
S| h Sm| >
D = ß − + 72b‰
S m
D = ((4)S − 15(4) + 72(4)) − (0))
D = 64 − 240 + 288
D = 112m Ans
ef
(c) (i) At the stationary points, e= = 0
D = S − 6 − 15 + 3 ⟹ When = −1
ef
e=
=3 − 12 − 15 D = (−1)S − 6(−1) − 15(−1) + 3
3 − 12 − 15 D = −1 − 6 + 15 + 3 = 11
3 + 3 − 15 − 15 = 0 ⟹ When =5
( + 1)(3 − 15) = 0 D = (5)S − 6(5) − 15(5) + 3
= −1 †$ = 5 D = 125 − 150 − 75 + 3 = −97
∴ the coordinates of the stationary points are (−‚, ‚‚) and (‘, −¢“)
(ii) To determine the nature of the stationary points, we us the second derivative
test
e> f e> f
= 6 − 12 at = −1; e= > = 6(−1) = −6 − 12 = −18 < 0, thus the point
e= >
(−1, 11) is a maximum point.

e> f e> f
= 6 − 12, at = 5; e= > = 6(5) − 12=18> 0 , thus the point (5, −97) is a
e= >
minimum point.
(d) We equate the two curves.
d
c TP= = c t![ ⇒ D = c T!
=
5+ = −4 D = c !`
[
=
5+4= − ∴ the co-ordinates of intersection are (−‚•, è!“ )
[
S= ef ef
9=− For D = c TP= → = c TP= and at = −12; = è!“
[ e= e=
d d
ef
−3 = 36 For D = c t![ → = c t![
e= [
‚
= −12 Gradient b = −12 = è!“
„
D
= 3 cos − 2 sin
D = ë(3 cos − 2 sin )
D = 3 sin + 2 cos +
2 = 3 sin 0 + 2 cos 0 + At (0, 2), we have c = 0
2= 0+2+
=0
∴ the equation of the curve is = = … ·¸¹ + • »¼·
‚•’
(f) (i) s = g$ ℎ î= —•
128g = g$ ℎ
128g
ℎ=
g$
(ii) T. S. A = 2g$ + 2g$ℎ

_
T.S.A = 2g$ + 2g$ ‡ " > ‹
T]u
T. S. A = 2g$ + "
Hence shown.
eê
(iii) Minimum occurs when =0
e"
eê T]u
= 4g$ −
e" ">
T]u
4g$ − =0
">
4g$ S − 256g = 0 √$ S = √64

h h
4g$ S = 256g — = „ cm
T]u
$S = = 64
[u
QUESTION 6
(a) (i) To find the coordinate of C, we equate the line and the curve, and solve them
simultaneously. Thus =
2 =4 − → = 2; D = 2(2)
−4 +2 =0 D=4
−2 =0 ∴ the coordinates of C are (•, „)
( − 2) = 0
= 0 †$ − 2 = 0
=2
Þ
(ii) V = g (D − D )
V=g m
(4 − ) − (2 )
V=g m
(16 −8 S
− [
−4 )
V=g m
(12 −8 S
− [)
V = g ß4 S
−2 [
−T T
‰
m
V = g ß‡4(2)S − 2(2)[ − T (2)T ‹ − (0)‰ V
S S
V = g ‡4(8) − 2(16) − ‹ V = g ‡− T ‹ Take the absolute Value
T
S …•
V = g ‡32 − 32 − T
‹ V= ‘
é Ans
eæ
(b) (i) = (ii) At instantaneous rest, V = 0
e|
V = b − Vb + 3 b − 4b + 3 = 0
eõ
e|
= 2b − V b − b − 3b + 3 = 0
−4 = 2(0) − V (b − 1)(b − 3) = 0
−V = −4 b − 1 = 0 †$ b − 3 = 0
©=„ b = 1 †$ b = 3
…
(iii) S = ‚ (b − 4b + 3) å ∴ å = ‚ second or å = … seconds
S
|h
S = ß − 2b + 3b‰
S
Sh h
S = ‡ S − 2(3) + 3(3)‹ − ‡ S − 2(1) + 3(1)‹
S = (9 − 18 + 9) − (S − 2 + 3)
[
S = (0) − ‡S‹
[
S = − S
„
Distance = … units
·¸¹
(c) (i) = …!»¼· (ii) At stationary =Ÿ
ef z{w =(S!z{w =)!wxy =(wxy =)
=
S z{w = !
=0 Recall that cos is
e= (S!z{w =)> (S!z{w =)>
ef S z{w =!z{w> =!wxy> =
= 3 cos − 1 = 0
positive in the first and
e= (S!z{w =)>
ef S z{w =!(z{w> =Pwxy> =) 4th quadrants
= (S!z{w =)>
cos =
e= S
ef S z{w = !
e= = (S!z{w =)>
= cos !
‡S‹
= ‚. •… rad and = •é − ‚. •… = ‘. Ÿ‘rad
(d) To find the equation of the curve, we integrate the gradient function.
Î
ef
e=
= √1 + 2 = (1 + 2 )>
Î
D = (1 + 2 )>
h h
( P =)>
∴ the equation of the curve is D = + 21
( P =)>
D= h +
×
>
S
h
( P =)>
D= +
S
h
( P ×[)>
30 = +
S
h
(\)>
30 = S
+
27
30 = +
3
30 = 9 +
= 21
(e) (i) At point Q where the two curves intersect, the curves are equal. Thus D = D
c T=! = c m!=
⇒D=c m!
5 − 2 = 10 − D = c_
5 + = 10 + 2 ∴ the co-ordinates of Q are (•, è’ )
6 = 12
=2
ef ef
(ii) For D = c T=! ⇒ = 5c T=! at =2⇒ = 5c _
e= e=
ef ef
For D = c m!=
⇒ = −c m!=
at =2⇒ = −c _
e= e=
∴ the gradients are 5c _ and −c _

(f) (i) Perimeter = circumference of the circle + perimeter of the square
64 = 2g$ + 4
64 − 4 = 2g$
][![=
$= u
(S ! =)
$=
u
…•!•
—=
é
Hence shown
eê
(ii) A = g$ + At minimum, e= = 0
32−2 _ _=
A = g‡ ‹ + − + +2 =0
g u u
m [! _=P[= >
A= u
+ −128 + 8 + 2g = 0
m [ _ [= >
A= − + + 8 + 2g = 128
u u u
eê _ _=
e= = 0 − + +2 (8 + 2g) = 128
u u
eê _ _= _
e= = − u
+ u
+2 = _P u
_
= ([Pu)
Œ„
= „Pé Ans
QUESTION 7
(a) (i) Since the two curves are intersecting at A, are equal
=
= √8 Square both sides ⟹D= =2
[
=8 D=4
[
−8 =0 ∴ the coordinates of A are (•, „) Ans
( S
− 8) = 0
= 0 †$ S
=8
= 0 †$ = √8
h
= 0 †$ = 2
Þ _m!S
(ii) V = g (D − D ) V = g‡ ‹
T
[_u
V=g m
8 −( ) V=
T
V=g m
(8 − [)
V = 30.15928947
V = g ß4 −T T
‰ ã = …Ÿ. • öÐ÷åø… Ans
m
1
V = g àŽ4(2) − (2)T • − (0)á
5
S
V = g ‡16 − T
‹
eæ \
(b) (i) = e|
, V = 1 + | > = 1 + 9b ! When b = 3, =6
eæ _ \
e| = −18b !S = − | h at b = 2 6=3−S+
_ _ \
= −( )h
=− _
= − [ = −„. ‘ç/ø• Œ=…−…+
(ii) Distance = s. b = 1 + 9b ! =6
\ ¢
Distance = b − | + Distance function = å − å + Œ
¢ …
(iii) Distance = ßå − å + Œ‰
‚
¢ ¢
= ‡… − … + Œ‹ − ‡‚ − ‚ + Œ‹
= (9 − 3) − (−2)
= 6 + 2 = 8m
(c) (i) D = S
−3 −9 → when = −1
ef
=3 −6 −9 D = (−1)S − 3(−1) − 9(−1)
e=
3 −6 −9=0 D = −1 − 3 + 9 = 5
S= > ]= \
− − =0 → when =3
S S S
−2 −3=0 D = 3S − 3(3) − 9(3)

( + 1)( − 3) = 0 D = 27 − 27 − 27
= −1 †$ = 3 D = −27
∴ the coordinates of the stationary points are (−‚, ‘) and (…, −•“)
(ii) We use the second derivate test to determine the nature of the points
e> f e> f
= 6 − 6, at = −1 → = 6(−1) − 6 = −12 < 0, hence the point
e= e= >
(−‚, ‘) is the maximum point.

e> f e> f
e= = 6 − 6, at = 3 → e= > = 6(3) − 6 = 18 − 6 = 12 > 0, hence the point
(…, −•“) is the minimum point.
(d) c =
= 2 c! Take natural log on both sides
ln c =
= ln(2 c ! )
2 ln c = ln 2 + ln c !
2 (1) = D −(1)ln c
2 =D−1
= • + ‚ Ans
(e) To find the equation of the curve, we integrate the gradient function.
D
= 1− −2 +4 S
S)
D = ë(1 − −2 +4
=>
D= − −S S
+ [
+ At (0, 2)
2= 0+
=2
•
∴ the equation of the curve is = − •
−… …
+ „
+•
(f) (i)
8
h h
3 C 2 D 3
5 5
A B
2
AC = (5 ) − (3 ) P = 8 + 2ℎ + 10 + 2
AC = 25 −9 120 = 2ℎ + 20
Æû = 16 2ℎ = 120 − 20
m! m=
AC = √16 ℎ=
AC = 4 ℎ = 60 − 10
A = 8 × ℎ + 2‡ × 3 ×4 ‹ + 2 × 4
A = 8 (60 − 10 ) + 12 +8
A = 480 − 80 + 20
A = „’Ÿ − ŒŸ •
Hence shown
eê
(ii) At the stationary, e= = 0
ü
= „’Ÿ − ‚•Ÿ
480 − 120 = 0
−120 = −480
[_m
=−
m
= „ Ans
QUESTION 8
(a) (i) D = 27 ⟹ D = √27 and D =

= √27 ⟹D=
( ) = o√27 p D=3
[
= 27 D=9
[
− 27 = 0 ∴ the coordinates of A are (…, ¢)
( S
− 27) = 0
= 0 †$ S
= 27
= 0 †$ = √27
h
= 0 †$ = 3
Þ
(ii) V = g (D − D )
S
V=g m
(27 −( ) )
S
V=g m
(27 − [)
` S
V = gß − T
‰
T m
`
V = g Ž‡ (3) − T (3)T ‹ − (0)•
[S [S
V = g‡ − ‹
T
` \
V = g‡ m
‹
“•¢
ã= ‚Ÿ
é = 229 ì¹¸É·… (Correct to 3 sig figures)
=P ef
(b) D = Use quotient rule ⟹ When e= = − and =3
=P T
ef (=P )( )!(=P )( ) !
e=
= (=P )>
− T
= (SP )>
ef =P !=!
e=
= (=P )>
25(2 − ) = −1(5)
ef !
= (=P )>
50 − 25 = −25
e=
−25 = −25 − 50
−25 = −75 ⟹ = … Ans
(c) (i) When velocity is constant, then (ii) At instantaneous rest, the velocity = 0
eæ
= =0 36b − 3b = 0
e|
ð = 36b − 3b 3b(12 − b) = 0
eõ
= 36 − 6b 3b = 0 †$ 12 − b = 0
e|
0 = 36 − 6b b = 0 †$ − b = −12
6b = 36 b = 0 †$ b = 12
å = Œ Seconds ∴ å = ‚• seconds when the velocity is at
instantaneous.
(iii) To find the distance, we integrate the velocity function.
Distance = (36b − 3b ) b
Distance = 18b − b S + From the origin, b = 0 and =0
0 = 18(0) − 0S +
=0
∴ the gradient function is Ï = ‚’å• − å… . At å = ‚•
S = 18(12) − (12)S
S = 2592 − 1728
Ö = ’Œ„ ì¹¸Éø
(d) (i) At point B where the curves intersect, the curves are equal; =
c S= = c !=
⟹ When =
Î
3 = 2− D = c S‡>‹
h
3 + =2 D = c>
…
‚
4 =2 ∴ the coordinates of B are ‡• , è• ‹
2
=
4
‚
=•
h
ef ef
(ii) For = c S= ⟹ e= = 3c S= . At = ⟹ e= = 3c >
h
ef ef
For =c !=
⟹ e= = (−1)c !=
. At = ⟹ e= = −c >
(e) We need to find the equation of the straight line first using the formula
D − D = a( − )
m. !m.S !m.
a= = = −0.2
. !m.] m.T
D − 0.3 = −0.2( − 0.6)

D = −0.2 + 0.12 + 0.3
D = −0.2 + 0.42
⟹ log m D = log m (−0.2 + 0.42)
ý¼þ ‚Ÿ = ý¼þ ‚Ÿ (Ÿ. „• − Ÿ. • )
(f) D = 2 − 3 sin
ef S
= 2 − 3 cos cos =]=
e=
a = 2 − 3 cos = cos ! ‡ ‹
é
= 2 − 3 cos = …
Ans
3 cos =2−
3
3 cos =
2
(g) (i) First find the total surface area of the cuboid
T. S. A = 2(œ + œℎ + ℎ)
120 = 2(2 × +2 ×D+ × D)
120 = 2(2 + 3 D)
2 + 3 D = 60
3 D = 60 − 2
]m! = >
D= S=
V=œ× ×ℎ
V=2 × ×D
]m! = >
V=2 ‡ ‹
S=
m= [= h
V= −
]m! = >
V=2 ‡ ‹
S S S
m=![= h
V=
„
ã = „Ÿ − … …
S
Ans
eæ
(ii) = 0 when V is minimum ∴ the dimension will be
e=
eæ
= 40 − 4 œ = 2 = 2 × √10 = •√‚Ÿ cm
e=
0 = 40 − 4 = = √‚Ÿ cm
>
]m! o√ mp
4 = 40 ℎ= S√ m
]m! m
= 10 ℎ=
S√ m
„Ÿ
= √‚Ÿ î = …√‚Ÿ cm
THE END OF SOLUTIONS TO ALL THE QUESTIONS

ENJOY STUDYING MATHEMATICS AND GET HIGH STANDARDS.
GOD BLESS YOU ALL
SIR KACHAMA DICKSON C (0966 -295655/0955-295655/0970-295655)
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TOGETHER WE CAN DO MATHEMAMATICS
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HIGH STANDARDS IN ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS pamphlet is written to

Sum to infinity S' = for |$| < 1

∑8 ∑(=!=̅ )> ∑ =>

∑ @= ∑ @(=!=̅ )> ∑ @= >

ABOUT THE AUTHORS: ……………………………………………………. (II)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: ……………………………………...……….…… (III)

INTRODUCTION: ……………………………………………..………..……. (IV)

MATHEMATICAL FORMULAE: …………………………………………… (v)

1 SYSTEM OF EQUATIONS: …………………………...…..…………………. 1

2 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS AND FUNCTIONS: ……..…….………………. 3

3 EXPONENTIAL AND LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS: ………...…………… 4

4 REMAINDER AND FACTOR THEOREM: ………………….…..…………… 5

5 PERMUTATIONS AND COMBINATION: ……...………………...……......... 7

7 SEQUENCES AND SERIES: ………………………………….….…..……….. 11

QUESTION 1: 2016 OCT/NOV EXAMS

Solve the following system of equations

QUESTION 2: 2017 JULY/AUG EXAMS

Solve the following system of equations

QUESTION 3: 2017 OCT/NOV EXAMS

Solve the following system of equations

QUESTION 4: 2018 JULY/AUGUST EXAMS

Solve the following system of equations

Solve the following system of equations

QUESTION 6: 2019 JUL/AUG EXAMS

Solve the following systems of equations

QUESTION 7: 2019 OCT/NOV EXAMS

Solve the following systems of equations

4 −7D −6E = −7.

QUESTION 8: 2020 SPECIMEN

Solve the following systems of equations

QUESTION 1: 2016 OCT/NOV EXAMS

(a) Find the range of values of for which 2 − 7 + 3 ≥ 0.

(b) Express 3 − 24 +50 in the form ( + ) + , where , and ere constants.

QUESTION 2: 2017 JUL/AUG EXAMS

(a) Find the range of values of for which (9 − ) ≥ 18.

(b) Express 7−5 − 2 in the form ( + ) + , where , and ere constants.

QUESTION 3: 2017 OCT/NOV EXAMS

(a) Find the range of values of for which 2 < 3 + 14.

(b) Express 6 + 4 − in the form ( + ) + , where , and ere constants.

QUESTION 4: 2018 JULY/ AUG EXAMS

(a) Find the range of values of for which 3 < 4 − 11 .

(b) Express 7− − 3 in the form ( + ) + , where , and are constants.

QUESTION 5: 2018 OCT/NOV EXAMS

(a) Solve the inequality 2 + ≤ 6.

(b) Express 9−6 − 2 in the form ( + ) + , where , and ere constants.

QUESTION 6: 2019 JULY/AUG EXAMS

(a) Find the range of values of for which 7 + 18 − 9 > 0.