Success in Pure Physics p2 (2016 - 2020)

SUCCESS IN PURE PHYSICS
PAPER 2 VOLUME ONE

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EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL OF ZAMBIA
Examination for School Certificate Ordinary Level
Physics 5054/2
Paper 2
Thursday 3 NOVEMBER 2016
Section A [50 marks]

Answer all the questions in the spaces provided on the question paper.
1 Figure 1.1. shows a vernier caliper being used to measure external diameter of a metal tube.
Figure 1.1
(a) (i) What is the measurement indicated in the diagram? [1]
22
(ii) Calculate the volume of the tube? (Take 𝜋 = ) [2]
7
(b) Given that the cross-sectional area of the shaded portion of the tube is 0.5cm2,
(i) Calculate the volume of the material of the tube. [2]
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(ii) The mass of the tube was measured by an electronic balance as shown in
Figure 1.2 below.
Figure 1.2
Calculate the density of the material of the tube. [2]
(iii) Name the metal the tube was made of. [1]
Total 8 marks
2 A small boat travels with a velocity of 4.0m/s due south in an area of still water.
(a) State what is meant by velocity. [1]
(b) The boat enters the area where the velocity of the water is 2.0m/s towards south east
as shown in Figure 2.0.
Figure 2.0
Combining the initial velocity of the boat with the velocity of the water gives the
resultant velocity of the boat.
(i) In the space below, draw a scale vector diagram to show the resultant velocity.
[2]
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(ii) Use your graph/diagram to find the size and direction of the resultant velocity.
[2]
Total 5 marks
3 Figure 3.1. shows a ramp being used to move a load which has a mass of 180kg, onto a lorry.
The ramp is 4m long and the end of the lorry is 1m above the ground.
A force of 600N is needed to pull the load up the ramp. (Take g = 10N/kg)
Figure 3.1
(a) Calculate
(i) the gravitational potential energy gained by the load as it goes from the
bottom to the top of the ramp. [1]
(ii) work done by the 600N force in pulling the load up the ramp. [1]
(iii) the efficiency of the system [1]
(b) The load topples off the lorry and falls to the ground. What is the kinetic energy of the
load just before it hits the ground? [2]
Total 5 marks
4 Figure 4.1. shows apparatus used when determining the specific heat capacity of aluminium.
Figure 4.1
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Meter 1 and meter 2 are electrical meters.

(a) State the quantities measured by meter 1 and meter 2.
Meter 1 …………………………………………………………………………………… [1]
Meter 2 …………………………………………………………………………………… [1]
(b) The following results are obtained in an experiment.

Initial temperature of block = 18°C
Final temperature of block = 40°C Mass of block = 0.85kg
Energy supplied by heater = 170003
Assuming that heat is not lost during the experiment, calculate the specific heat
capacity of aluminium. [2]
(c) In practice, some heat is lost from the block and the air above it becomes hot.
(i) Describe and explain the process by which the hot air moves away from the
block. [2]
(ii) Suggest two ways on how to reduce the loss of heat from the block in the
experiment. [2]
Total 6 marks
5 An ATM card of height 1.5cm is viewed through a lens. The lens is 2.0cm from the card. The
image has a linear magnification of 3.0. The card, the image of the card and the position of
the lens are shown full scale in Figure 3.1.
Figure 5.1
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A ray of light from the top of the card to the lens is shown in Figure 5.1.
(a) State the type of lens used. [1]
(b) State what is meant by linear magnification. [1]
(c) (i) On Figure 5.1 complete the path of the ray from the top of the card after it
passes through the lens. [1]
(ii) Use your drawing to determine the focal length of the lens. [1]
(iii) On Figure 3.1 draw two additional rays from the top of the card to show how
the image is formed. [1]
Total 5 marks
6 (a) Explain carefully how the transformer works. [2]
(b) Figure 6.1 shows a primary coil connected to an a.c supply and a small coil connected
to a low voltage lamp placed as shown.
Figure 6.1
Explain the following observations:
(i) the lamp lights [1]
(ii) if the coil is moved upwards, the lamp gets dimmer [1]
(iii) if an iron rod is now placed through the coil, the lamp brightens again [1]
(c) What will be the effect of

(i) reducing the turns in the small coil? [1]
(ii) using a d.c. supply instead of an a.c supply? [1]
Total 7 marks
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7 A positively charged sphere C is brought close to a small uncharged sphere U.

Sphere U is suspended from an insulating thread as shown in Figure 7.1 below.
Figure 7.1
(a) On Figure 7.1 draw the induced charges on sphere U. [1]
(b) Sphere C is moved towards U until the spheres touch each other.
Sphere U is then repelled by sphere C, as shown in Figure 7.2. The charges on C and U
are not shown.
Figure 7.2
(i) State and explain what happens to the charges on the two spheres as they
touch.
Charge on C …………………………………………………………………………………….
Charge on U ……………………………………………………………………………………. [2]
(ii) Explain why U is repelled by C [1]

Total 4 marks
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8 (a) State ohm's law and define resistance
Ohm's law ………………………………………………………………………………………………
Resistance ……………………………………………………………………………………………… [2]
(b) Derive an expression for determining total resistance when two resistors in series are
connected to a pair of resistors in parallel in the same circuit. [2]
(c) Figure 8.1 below shows a circuit designed for a desired effective resistance.
Figure 8.1
Neglecting the battery resistance, calculate the ammeter reading when the
(i) switch is open [1]
(ii) switch is closed [1]
(d) A 12V electric bulb is connected at point X in Figure 8.1 when switch is closed. Will the
bulb light or not? Explain your answer. [2]
Total 8 marks
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Section B [30 marks]

Answer any three questions
9 A garden pond contains a small fountain. An electric pump in the water causes the water rise
above the surface of the water to a height of 1.5m as shown in Figure 9.1.
Figure 9.1
(a) The pressure of the water increases with depth.
(i) Explain the meaning of 'pressure'. [1]
(ii) Explain why the pressure of the water surface increases with depth. [1]
(b) A volume of 0.78m3 of water pushes through the pump in one hour.
The density of water is 1000kg/m3.
(i) Calculate the mass of water that passes through the pump in one hour. [2]
(ii) The water rises 1.5m. The gravitational field strength is 10N/kg. Calculate the
useful work done in one hour raising the water to the top of the fountain. [2]
(iii) Calculate the minimum power output of the pump. [2]
(c) Describe an experiment to check that the density of water is 1000kg/m 3. [2]
Total 10 marks
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10 Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity with time. The acceleration against
gravity is -10m/s2.
(a) Two stones are thrown vertically upwards from the same point with the same velocity
of 20m/s but at an interval of 2s. When they meet, the second stone is rising at 10m/s.
(i) For what time is the first stone in the air before they meet? [2]
(ii) What is the velocity of the stone when they meet? [2]
(iii) State any assumptions you make in obtaining your answers. [2]
(b) An electric train moves from rest with a uniform acceleration of 1.5m/s 2 for the first
10s and continues accelerating at 0.5m/s2 for a further 20s. It continues at constant
speed for 90s and finally takes 30s to decelerate uniformly to rest.
(i) Draw a graph of speed against time for the journey. [2]
(ii) From your graph or otherwise deduce the total distance travelled. [1]
(iii) What is the average speed of the train for the whole journey? [1]
Total 10 marks
11 A 600Ω resistor and thermistor are connected in series with an ammeter and a 20V d.c.
power supply. A voltmeter is in parallel with the resistor.
Figure 11.1
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(a) Calculate
(i) the voltmeter reading.
(ii) the resistance of the thermistor. [2]
(b) The temperature of the thermistor increases.
(i) State what happens to the resistance of the thermistor [1]
(ii) What will the ammeter and voltmeter readings be? [2]
(c) Figure 11.2 below shows an application of transistor.
Figure 11.2
(i) Is the lamp L on or off? Explain your answer. [2]
(ii) Explain what will be the effect of replacing the lower resistor with a short piece
of connecting wire. [1]
(iii) Name one use of a thermistor. [1]
(iv) State one way in which the resistance of a thermistor can be altered. [1]
Total 10 marks
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12 (a) (i) Describe an experiment which you would carry out to show how the nature of
a surface affects the heat radiated from that surface in a given time. [4]
(ii) State any precaution which you would take in (i) above. [1]
(b) How would you show that the surface which is the better radiator was also the better
absorber of radiation? [3]
(c) Figure 12.1 below shows an experiment on conduction.
Figure 12.1
The experiment shows that the ice remains intact for several minutes as heating progresses.
(i) Explain how this is so. [1]
(ii) How does the ice cube melt after some time? Explain. [1]
Total 10 marks
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Physics 5054/2
Paper 2
Wednesday 8 NOVEMBER 2017

1 Figure 1.1 is a full scale drawing of an aluminium bar.
Figure 1.1
(a) Calculate the volume of the bar [2]
(b) What other measurement(s) are needed to determine the density of aluminum? [1]
(c) When placed on the measuring pan, a reading of 56grams is obtained.

(i) On figure 1.2 draw a pointer showing a reading of 56 grams. [1]
(ii) Find the density of aluminium bar. [2]

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2 A mango of mass 200g drops from a mango tree as shown in figure 2.1. it takes 1 second to
strike the muddy ground below and penetrates 4cm into the ground. [take g = 10m/s 2]
(a) From what height did the mango drop? [2]
(b) What is the kinetic energy of the mango just before it strikes the ground? [2]
(c) Calculate the retardation on the mango as it penetrates the ground. [2]
3 Figure 3.1 shows a wire for an electrification system being held taut by a load L and a pulley
system P.
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(a) State one factor that multiplies force in the system shown in figure 3.1 [1]
(b) What is the purpose of pulley T? [1]
(c) If the load L is 2000N, what is the tension in the wire W? [2]
(d) Find the efficiency of the system. [2]
4 Figure 4.1 shows a magnet, two compasses and two nails.
(a) On figure 4.1, draw a arrow in each compass to show the direction of the magnetic
field of the magnet at the two positions.
(b) The magnet causes the nails to become magnetized by induction. Both ends of each
nail become magnetic poles.
On figure 4.1, mark N and S at both ends of each nail to show the magnetic poles.
(c) When the magnet is removed, the nails are still magnetized.
(i) Describe how to test whether the nails are still magnetized when they are
away from the magnet.
(ii) Describe with the aid of a diagram how the nails can be demagnetized.
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5 Figure 6.1 shows how copper is good conductor of heat and wood a bad conductor.
(a) After passing the rod through a flame several times, the paper over the wood scorches
but not that over the copper. Explain this observation. [2]
(b) Figure 5.2 shows double walls of the house with fibre glass in between.
Explain the purpose of the fibre glass. [1]
(c) Explain why an unpainted concrete wall feels colder than a painted one.
(d) State one industrial use of a good conductor of heat. [1]
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6 Figure 6.1 shows a transformer with two coils would on an iron core. The transformer is
connected to an electricity transmission cable.
(a) Explain the purpose of the iron core in the transformer.
(b) The transformer supplies electrical power to a factory at 33 000V. the current supplied
is 85A. calculate
(i) The electrical power that the factory receives?
(ii) the electrical energy the factory receives in 1 hour.
7 A boy was moving along a tarred road on a very hot day. As he was approaching a tree beside
the road, he saw an image of the tree on the tarred road.
Figure 7.1 shows the boy approaching the tree. The wave has a frequency of 2000Hz and a
speed of 320m/s.
Figure 7.1
(a) Draw a ray on figure 7.1 which enables the boy to see the image of the tree.
(b) Along the ray you have drawn in (a), mark with letter X the position where the
mirage will be seen by the boy.
(c) Explain why the boy would not see the mirage on a cold day.
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8 What is an isotope? [1]
16
(a) 8O and 188O are both atoms of oxygen.
(i) In the space below draw a diagram of an atom of one of these isotopes. [3]
(ii) Give one use of radioactive isotopes. [1]

9 (a) A fuse in a three-pin plug for a one plate electric cooker was blown off. A grade 8 girl
changed the plug and connected the new one as shown in figure 9.1.
Figure 9.1
(i) What was wrong with the connections made by the girl? [1]
(ii) Will the cooker connected to this plug work? Explain your answer. [2]
(iii) Draw a three pin plug showing correct connections of the wires. [2]
(b) An electric stove has two plates, each with a rating of 240V, 3000W. One plate is
switched on for 5 hours. For the same period of time a heater rated 230V, 2 30OW
and a geyser with an element rated 240V, 2 500W are switched on.
(i) Calculate the electrical energy in kWh used by the stove, heater and the geyser
in the 5 hours. [2]
(ii) If a 1kWh of electricity cost 50 ngwee, what is the cost of using the stove,
heater and the geyser for 5 hours? [2]
(iii) What advice would you give regarding the switching on of many electrical
appliances at the same time? [1]
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10 Figure 10.1 shows a simple version of an electron-beam tube.
Figure 10.1
(a) State one property of cathode rays. [1]
(b) Explain why,

(i) electrons are emitted from the filament. [1]
(ii) electrons accelerate after they leave the filament. [1]
(iii) a vacuum is needed in the tube. [1]
(c) A charge of 1.8 x 10 C passes through the cathode ray tube per second when the
voltage between the anode and the cathode is 2000V.
Calculate the energy carried by the cathode ray beam in 8 seconds. [2]
(d) When alternating potential differences of very low frequency is applied across the
deflecting plates in figure 10.1, the spot of light on the screen is seen to move.
Describe and explain the movement of the spot. [3]
(e) State one use of cathode rays. [1]

Total 10 marks
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11 Figures 11.1 and 11.2 show sections through very old bicycle tyres which are
made of solid rubber.
(a) The solid rubber in figure 11.1 exerts a pressure on the ground.
(i) Define a Pascal.
(ii) The mass of the bicycle and the rider is 60kg and the total surface area in
contact with the ground is 2.4 x 10 m. The gravitational field strength is 10N/kg
Calculate the pressure exerted on the ground.
(iii) One of the solid rubber tyres went over a small stone as shown in figure 11.2.
Describe and explain how the pressure exerted on the ground changes.
(b) Figure 11.3 shows a modern bicycle tyre that contains air. A heavy person sits on the
bicycle and the shape of the tyre changes as shown in figure 11.4.
The table contains information about the tyre in figure 11.3 and figure 11.4.
Tyre in Tire in
figure 11.3 figure 11.3
5
Air pressure in tyre (Pa) 1.9x 10 2.1 x 105
Volume of air (cm) 0.016
(i) What is the volume of air in the tyre in figure 11.4

(ii) State one assumption that you made in arriving at your answer.
Total 10 marks
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12 (a) what is a wave? [1]
(b) Water waves are produced with a frequency of 4Hz, by hitting the water Surface with
a tip of a pen. If the wave travels 20m in 10 seconds, calculate
the
(i) Speed of the wave.
(ii) wave length [4]
(c) Figure 12.1 shows a wave at a certain instant. The vertical arrows indicate the
direction of vibration of some individual particles on the wave.
Draw the wave and use arrows to show the,

(i) direction of flow of energy.
(ii) direction in which the particle at point X will move.
(iii) wavelength. [3]
(d) In figure 12.1, which particle is in phase with X. [1]
(e) Explain how the wave in figure 12.1 carry energy. [1]
Total 10 marks
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Physics 5054/2
Paper 2
Wednesday 7 NOVEMBER 2018
1 Figure 1.1 shows a measuring device.
(a) Name the instrument [1]
(b) What is the reading shown? [2]
(c) State two precautions taken when the instrument in order to prevent errors. [2]
Total: 5 marks
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2 A pebble is thrown vertically upwards with initial speed of 10m/s. after reacgimg its maximum
height, it falls freely to its starting point. Take g= 10𝑚/𝑠 2
(a) On the grid below, plot a velocity time graph for the motion of the pebble. [3]
(b) From the graph you have plotted in (a), calculate :

(i) The maximum height the pebble reaches.
Maximum height: …………..…………………. [2]
(ii) The acceleration of the pebble as it was moving up.

Accelarion: …………………………………… [2]
(c) Compare your answer in b (ii) to the value of g.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……… [1]
Total: 8 marks
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3 Figure 3.3 shows a bed that folds against the wall during the day.
When horizontal, the the bed is suppoerted on the side by a himge and in the side by the two
legs.
The weight of the bed W acts through the center of mass which is 0.35m from the hinge. Take
g= 10N/kg.
(a) State the principle of mornents. [1]
(b) If frre mass of the bed in figure 3.3 is 26kg, Calculate the weight 'W' of the bed.
W: …………………………………… [2]
(c) Determine the size of the total force exerted on bed by the legs when the bed is
horizontal. [2]
Total: 5 marks
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4 (a) Figure 4.1 shows an electric motor used to lift a load.
The load of weight 500N is raised through a vertical height of 3.5m at a constant rate.
Given that the effiecency of the electric motor is 65%.
(i) Calculate the gain in gravitational potential energy of the load. [1]
(ii) Calculate the work input. [2]
(iii) Show that the efficiency is 65% [2]
(b) Solar is a renewable form of energy,
(i) What is meant by renewable energy?
(ii) Give one challenge of using solar energy.

Total: 7 marks
5 (a) Give a Clear distinction between heat and temperature. [2]
(b) Suggest why alcohol may be preferred mercury in athermometer. [1]
(c) The temperature of an objectiS -102℃. What Is thisternpetature in Kelvlns. [1]
Total: 4 marks
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6 Figure 6.1 shows Owee wavefrontS Of light tnssing through air. The wavefronts are one
wavelength apart. The beam hits a glass surface as shown.
Line XY shows the direction of wave-fronts. (Take critical angle of light to be 42°)
Figure 6.1
(a) Complete the diagram showing the continuous flow of wavefronts in the glass. [2]
(b) State what happens to the speedundyvavelength of the wave as it moves from air into
glass.
(i) Speed
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. [1]
(ii) Wavelength
………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………. [1]
(c) Calculate the refractive index (n) of the glass.

………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………………… [2]
(d) If the beam of red light is replaced With yellow light, describe one change that may
occur in the completed diagram in Figure 6.1.
……………………………………………….………………………………………………………………….. [1]
Total: 7 marks
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7 Figure 7.1 shows an electric Circuit containing a 12V power supply and four resistors.
(a) aculate the combined resistance of,
(i) 2Ω and 4 Ω resistors in series.
[1]
(ii) 3Ω and 6Ω resistors in parraell.
[2]
(b) Determine the,
(i) reading on the ammeter A.
[2]
(ii) potential difference V across the 40 resistor.
[2]
Total: 7 marks
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8 Figure 8.1 shows the waveform of an a.c signal on screen of a Cathode Ray Oscilloscope. The
time base is set at 10ms/cm and the gain control is set at 0.5V/cm.
(a) What is thermionic emission?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Determine the;
(i) Period of the waveform

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Frequency of the waveform

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) Calculate the peak voltage of the a.c signal.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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9 (a) A car Of mass 2000kg started from rest and increased its speed uniformly to 12m/s in
30s. It maintained the speed for another 50s.
(i) What is tre term used to describe change in velocity during the first 30s Of the
car's motion?
(ii) On the graph paper, draw a speed-Eine graph for the motion of the car.
(iii) Calculate tre distance covered by the car when itwas moving
with constant speed.
(b) A tennis ball is dropped freely and bounces back from ttie ground. It is then caught at
the same height after 3 seconds.
(i) Describe the motion of the tennis ball.
(ii) Compareand contrast the motion of the car in (a) that of the tennis ball.
Total: 10 marks
10 Figure 10.1 shows a pulley system used by a mechanic to lift an engine block of mass 4 000kg
through a height of 2m. The pulley sysytem is not drawn to scale. (Take g= 10N/kg).
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(a) Explain what is meant by Simple machine.
(b) Calculate the,

(i) useful work done by the pulley system.
(ii) gravitational potential energy gained by the engine.
(c) What is the length in meters, of the rope pulled by the mechanic in this exercise?
(d) Taking the system to be 80% efficient, determine the,

(i) mechanical advantage of the system.
(ii) energy used by the mechanic in raising the engine block.
(e) Explain why the energy used in raising the engine block is greater than the useful work
done.
Total 10 marks
11 (a) A transformer operates using the principle of induction.
(i) With the aid of a labelled diagram explain operation Of a step-down

transformer. [4]
(ii) A step-down transformer has a primary Voltage of 230V. The secondary coil
has 50 turns and gives out 115V. Calculate the number of turiv in the prirnary
coil. [2]
(iii) Explain why transformers are used the national grid. [2]
(b) A welding machine uses high current at

(i) Explain why current is high and voltage is low [1]
(ii) What is the difference between alternating current and direct current? [1]
Total: 10 marks
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12 In an aperiment to determine the half-life of a radioactive isotope, it was that activity of the
source dropped from 2000 counts / minute to 250 counts/ minute in 30 minutes. This was
after accounting for backgrbund count.
(a) State the origin Of background count:
(b) (i) What is meant by half-life?

(ii) Calculate the half-life of the
(c) (i) Complete the table below for the activity of the isotope for a period of 60
minutes.
Time (minutes) 0
Count rate (counts/min) 200
[2]
(ii) use your information in the table in c (i) to plot a graph of count rate (y-axis)
against time (x-axis). [4]
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Physics 5054/2
Paper 2
Monday 18 NOVEMBER 2019
1 Figure 1.1 is a diagram of a small aluminum bar.
A learner was tested to determine the density of the aluminium bar.
(a) State the measurements the learner should make.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [2]
(b) Name the instrument the leaner will use to make the measurments.
………………………………………………….…………………………………………………………………… [2]
(c) Explain how the density is calculated from the readings taken.
…………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………………… [2]
Total: 6 marks
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2 (a) Distinguish mass and weight
………………………………………………….…………………………………………………………………… [2]
(b) Explain why;
(i) the weight of a changes if it is taken from the equator towards of the poles,
………………………………………….………………………………………………………………. [2]
(ii) an astronaut is often weightless when in an earth orbiting space
…………………………..………………………………………………………………………………. [2]
3 A car of mass 800kg is travelling at a speed of 25m/s along a straight, horizontal road.
(a) State how velocity differs from speed.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) The driver presses the accelerator and the speed of the car starts to increase from
25m/s. the car accelerates at 1.5m/s2.
(i) Calculate the resultant force acting on the car as it accelerates.
Resultant force …………………………………….. [2]
(ii) Explain why the forward force acting on the engine is greater than the value
calculated in (b) part (i)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(iii) Determine the speed of the car 4.0 seconds after it starts to accelerate.
Speed ………………………………………… [2]
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4 The figure 4.1. Shows how bolts are secured using an Allen key.
One end of Allen key is put into the bolt and the other is turned to tighten the bolt.
(a) Calculate the moment on the bolt when;

(i) End A of the Allen key is put into the bolt and a force of 15N is applied to end
B.
Moment ………………………………….. [2]
(ii) End B of the Allen key is put into the bolt and a force of 15N is applied at end
A.
Moment ……………………………….. [2]
(b) Which end of Allen key (A or B) should be put into the bolt to make it easier to tighten
the bolt? Give a reason for your answer.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5 A hotel service lift powered by an electric motor, raises a sack of laundry of mass 25kg
through 4m in 12 seconds.
(a) How much work is done on the sack of laundry?

work done: ………………………. [2]
(b) Calculate the power of the lift.

Power: ………………………… [2]
(c) Describe the energy changes that occur when the sack is raised through 4m.
……………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………… [1]
Total: 5 marks
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LAURENT MUSONDA
6 A lamp is placed at Ole bottom of a shallow pool of water. The critical angle of light passing
from water into air is 49°.
(a) Explain the term critical angle.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [2]
(b) Figure 6.1 show three rays of light from the lamp that are at 30°, 60° and 90° to the
horizontal.
(i) On 6.1 draw the path taken by each of the three rays after they the surface of
the water. [3]
(ii) the three rays undergo total internal reflection. Explain what is meant by total
internal reflection. [1]
(iii) State two conditions needed for total internal reflection to occur.
…………………………………………………..………………………………………………………………… [2]
Total: 8 marks
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LAURENT MUSONDA
7 Figure 7.1 shows two flexible strips WX and YZ, placed close to each other inside a solenoid is
connected to a d.c power supply.
When the switch is dosed, an electric current flow in the solenoid, End W of the flexible iron
strip WX, becomes a magnetic south pole.
(a) (i) state the type of magnetic pole produced at x, y and z.

X ………………………………………………………………….……………….. pole
Y ………………………………………………………………..………………….. pole
Z …………………………………………………………………………………….. pole [3]
(b) A relay operates a switch in one circuit using the current in a different circuit.
(i) State one example of a relay used in this way.
………………………………………………….…………………………………………………………….. [1]
(ii) Explain why a relay is used.

…………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………….. [1]
Total: 7 marks
90
8 strontium-90 ( 38𝑆𝑟) is a radioactive isotope. A nucleus of strontium-90 decays by the emission
of a beta- particle (β).
(a) Define the term isotopes.
……………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………… [2]
(b) For a neutral atom of strontum-90, state the number of,
(i) Electrons
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. [1]
(ii) Neutrons
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. [1]
(c) When a nucleus of strontum-90 decays , it becomes a nuclues of yitrium (symbol Y).
Complete the eqution for this decay.
[2]
[Total: 6 marks]
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LAURENT MUSONDA
9 Figure 9.1. shows a d.c power supply being to charge a rechargeable battery.
The rechargeable battery is in series with the d.c and a 5.2Ω resistor.
The e.m.f of the power supply is 5.0 V.
(a) Explain what is meant by e.m.f. [1]
(b) The e.m.f of the power supply and the e.m.f of the battery act against each other in
opposite directions in be circuit. The e.m.f of the battery is 3.7 V.
Calculate the;
(i) resultant e.m.f in the circuit, [2]
(ii) current in the circuit. [2]
(c) The current in the circuit remains constant as the battery is charged.
Calculate the charge that passes through the resistor in 1.5 hours, [3]
(d) The battery charger has a plastic casing and double insulation. The battery charger is
not earthed. Explain why it is not necessary for the battery charger to be earthed. [2]
Total: 10 marks
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LAURENT MUSONDA
10 In a refrigerator, a fluid pumped through the pipes, takes thermal energy (heat) out of the ice
box. This energy passes into the air at the back of the refrigerator through the black metal
fins.
(a) Explain how the ice box at the top of the refrigerator keeps the whole of the food
compartment cool. [3]
(b) Explain why the fins are black. [1]
(c) A plastic ice tray has 16 sections filled with water. When placed in the ice box, the
water freezes to form ice cubes. Each section contains a mass of 20g of water that is
initially completely liquid at a temperature of 0℃. The specific latent heat of fusion of
ice is 330 J/kg.
(i) Calculate the amount of energy that must be taken from the tray of water to
enable all the water in the tray to become ice at ℃. [2]
(ii) State why the heat capacity of the plastic tray does not affect the answer to
(c)(i) [2]
(iii) The ice box takes energy from the water at a rate of 30W. estimate the time
taken for all the water in the tray to become ice. [2]
Total: 10 marks
11 Figure 11.1 shows a circuit that turns on a pump used to water plants.
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LAURENT MUSONDA
When the output from the NOR gate is high, the water pump is on.
The contacts are buried in the soil near the plants, When the soil dries, the logic state of input
B changes from high (logic 1) to low (logic O).
(a) (i) Explain why the logic state of input B is low me soil is dry.
(ii) Explain why the logic State of input A is low when it is dark and high when it is
bright.
(b) Complete the Truth Table for the NOR gate.
Input A Input B Output Q
0 0
0 1
1 0
1 1
[2]
(c) when the water pump is on, state the;
(i) Logic levels of input A, input B and output Q. [1]
(ii) Light level and the state of the soil. [1]
(d) The resistance of 𝑅1 is increased.

State and explain how this affect the light level needed for the pump to switch on. [3]
Total: 10 marks
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LAURENT MUSONDA
12 Figure 12.1 shows a syringe connected to end of the pipe and a manometer to the other end.
An engineer wishes to check the volume inside a pipe and to check for any leakage.
The syringe initially antains 60𝑐𝑚3 of air, and tre pipe contains 5 000𝑐𝑚3 of air.
The volume Of the narrow tubes may be neglected.
All the air is initially at atmospheric pressure, 1.000 x 105 pa.
The piston is pushed fully down and held steady so that the total volume of air decreaæs.
(a) Explain in terms of molecules, why the pressure of the air inside the pipe increase
when the piston in the syringe is pushed down. [3]
(b) Assume the pipe does not leak and the temperature of the air inside remains
constant. Calculate;
(i) The new pressure of the air in the pipe, [2]
(ii) The difference in pressure between the air inside and the air outside the pipe.
(iii) The depth of water which exerts the same pressure as your value in (b)(ii).
(Density of water= 1 000kg/𝑐𝑚3 , g= 10N/kg) [2]
(c) Predict what happens to the levels of water on each side of the manometer when the
piston is pushed down and left down. [1]
Total: 10 marks
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LAURENT MUSONDA
Physics 5054/2
Paper 2
2020

Answer all the questions ii the spaces provided on the question paper.
1 Figure 1.1 shows an Engineer’s calipers used to measure the diameter of a ball bearing.
(a) What is the diameter of the ball bearing?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1]
(b) Calculate the

(i) Volume of the ball bearing,
Volume: ……………………. [2]
(ii) Mass of the ball bearing if its density is 8.05g/𝑐𝑚3 .

Mass: ……………………… [1]
Total: 4 marks
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LAURENT MUSONDA
2 An unknown object from space travelling at high speed in a straight line enters the earth’s
atmosphere. Figure 2.1 is the speed time graph for the object from the time it enters the
earth’s atmosphere until 50 seconds later.
(a) On figure 2.1, indicate using the letter
(i) C, where the object has uniform deceleration, [1]
(ii) D, where the object has a non-uniform deceleration. [1]
(b) The mass of the object at time, t = 30 seconds is 5.5kg. Determine the
(i) acceleration of the object,
acceleration: ……………….… [2]
(ii) size of the resultant force on the object.
Resultant force: ……………………… [2]

Total: 6 marks
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LAURENT MUSONDA
3 Figure 3.1 shows a fork lift used to move a wooden box of toys of mass 500kg along a 10m
horizontal floor. The mass is then lowered by sliding it down a smooth plane inclined at 30° to
the horizontal and 8rn long.
(a) Determine the
(i) work done by the fork lift in moving the box of toys through the distance of
10m,
Work done: …………………………. [1]
(b) State the energy changes that take place as the box moves from point B to point C.
…………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………………. [1]
(c) (i) Calculate the efficiency of the smooth plane in moving the box from point B to
point C.
Effiecncy: …………………… [2]
(ii) Explain how the efficiency would be affected if the smooth plane is made to be
10m and inclined at 25°.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [1]
Total: 7 marks
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LAURENT MUSONDA
4 A cyclist observed that the pressure in the rear tyre of his bicycle was low and decided to
inflate it using a bicycle pump as shown in figure 4.1.
The air inside the pump is initially at a pressure of 8OkPa. During a single stroke of the pump,
the volume of air in the pump is reduced from 110𝑐𝑚3 to 10𝑐𝑚3 .
(a) If the temperature of the air remains constant, calculate the pressure of the
compressed air in the pump.
Pressure: ………….………. [2]
(b) The compressed air in the pump exerts a force on the nozzle. The cross section area of
the nozzle opening is 1.2 x 10−5 𝑚2
Calculate the size of the force.
Force: ……………………. [2]
(c) The temperature of the air in the pump increases as its volume decreases. Use the
kinetic theory of matter to explain this observation.
………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………….
Total: 6 marks
5 A boiler at a steam electric power plant is filled with 450𝑚3 of water at 25℃.
The density of water is 1 000kg/𝑚3 and its specific heat capacity is 4.2j/ (g°𝐶).
(a) Calculate the
(i) Mass of the water in the boiler,
Mass ……………………….. [2]
(ii) thermal energy (heat) needed to raise the temperature of the water to 100°C.
Thermal energy ……………………….. [3]
(b) Give a reason why the thermal energy supplied to the water by the heating system
when raising the temperature of the water to 100°C, differs from the value you
calculated in a (ii).
…………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………….. [1]
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LAURENT MUSONDA
6 A photographer takes a photograph of a flower using a camera. The image forms on the film.
Figure 6.1 shows an incomplete ray diagram showing light rays from the flower, through the
camera lens to the film.
(a) (i) Complete the ray diagram to show how the image of the flower is formed on
the film. [2]
(ii) State one characteristic of the image formed.
…………………………………………………..………………………………………………………… [1]
(b) In order to see an object in water, light rays should be reflected into the eyes.
(i) Determine the critical angle for a ray of light coming from water into air, given
that the refractive index of water relative to air is 1.33.
Critical angle ………………………….. [2]
(ii) State the name of the effect that occurs when a ray of light hits the water-air
boundary at an angle greater than the critical angle.
………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………… [1]
(iii) Give a practical application of this effect.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. [1]
Total: 7 marks
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LAURENT MUSONDA
7 Figure 7.1 shows the apparatus used by a Laboratory Technician to measure the range of
travel of beta particles in air. The source of beta particles used is strontium-90 with a half-life
of 20 years.
Figure 7.2 shows a graph of the results obtained.
(a) Give a reason why the lead container is used.

………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………………………… [1]
(b) If the count rate is 2 500 counts per minute, how long will it take to fall to 500 counts
per minute?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. [2]
(c) Using the graph in figure 7.2
(i) find the average distance a beta particle travels in air,
………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………. [1]
(ii) estimate the count rate when the source of beta partcIes is 30cm from the
detector.
………………………………………………………………………………...…………………………………. [1]
(d) Give one industrial use of beta particles.
………………………………………………………..…………………………………….………………………………. [1]
Total: 6 marks
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LAURENT MUSONDA
8 Figure 8.1 shows an ammeter, a rheostat and a 6.0Ω resistor connected in series With a 12.OV
battery. A Cathode-Ray Oscilloscope (C.R.O) is connected in parallel with the 6.0Ω resistor as
shown. The switch is not closed.
(a) The rheostat is adjusted so that it has a resistance of 12.Oc. Determine the
(i) current measured by the ammeter,
Current: ………………………………… [2]
(ii) Potential difference (p.d) across the 6.0c resistor.

p.d: …………………………………… [1]
(b) The resistance of the rheostat is adjusted until the p.d across the 6.0Ω resistor is 8V.
What would be the effect of this adjustment on the
(i) current through the ammeter,
…………………………………………………….………………………………………………………....…. [1]
(ii) resistance of the rheostat.
…………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………. [1]
(c) A horizontal line (trace) across the centre of the screen of the C.R.O is obtained when
the p.d across the 6C resistor is still 8V.
The V-gain is set at 2.OV/cm and the switch is closed. What is the effect of closing the
switch on the horizontal line (trace) on the C.R.O screen?
………………………………………….…………………………………………………………………………………. [1]
(d) When the C.R.O was connected to a microphone, the waveform shown in figure 8.2
was seen on the screen.
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LAURENT MUSONDA
Explain what is happening to the
(i) volume of the sound,

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [1]
(ii) pitch of the sound.
…………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………… [1]
Total: 8 marks

Answer any three questions.
9 Figure 9.1 Shows two cranes used to lift a tipper truck filled with sand. The total mass of the
truck and sand is 20 tonnes and it is raised to a height of 5m. Each crane has a five-pulley
system and the tension, T, in the wire ropes are equal.
(a) Draw a vector diagram of force, using a suitable scale, and use it to determine the
lifting force. [3]
(b) Calculate the
(i) Energy possessed by the truck at a height of Sm. [2]
(ii) Efficiency of the system. [2]
(c) It takes 2 minutes to lift the truck to a height of 5m. Determine the
power output. [2]
(d) Outline the energy changes as the truck was being lifted up. [1]
Total: 10 marks
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LAURENT MUSONDA
10 A student conducted an experiment to determine the specific heat capacity of a substance in

a solid state. Figure 10.1 shows the apparatus used.
Table 10.1 shows the rating of the heater, mass of the solid and the melting point.
Table 10.1
Heater rating 1 000W, 240V
Mass of solid 600g
Melting point 150OC
(a) When the solid is heated for an hour, the temperature increases from 25°C to 120°c.
(i) State the meaning of specific heat capacity. [1]
(ii) Assuming that there were no energy loses, what Is the specific
heat capacity of the substance in figure 10.1. [2]
(b) Calculate the
(i) heat required to raise the temperature of the substance from 120°C to Its
melting point [2]
(ii) Specific latent heat of fusion if the heat required to melt the substance
is equal to the one calculated in (b) (i). [2]
(iii) Current drawn by the heater. [2]
(c) Explain why the temperature remains the same during fusion [1]
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LAURENT MUSONDA
11 A group of three learners were provided with five identical masses, an extensible spring and a
100cm ruler to investigate Hooke’s Law. They arranged the apparatus as shown in figure 11.1.
Figure 11.2 shows the graph plotted from their results.
(a) (i) Explain why a spring balance measures weight and not mass. [1]
(ii) Show how a spring balance can be used to determine the mass of an object. [2]
(b) (i) Sketch a graph that could be used to determine mass using a spring balance.[2]
(ii) Calculate the spring Constant. [1]
(iii) Give the importance of knowing the spring cannot o a spring. [1]
(iv) Does the spring obey Hooke’s Law? Explain your answer [2]
(c) How Will the spring change if the elastic. limit is exceeded, [1]
Total: 10 marks
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LAURENT MUSONDA
12 Figure 12.1 shows a latched fire alarm system in a milling factory. When the temperature of
the surroundings exceed a certain upper limit, the alarm sounds.
(a) Copy and complete the truth table for the circuit in figure 12.1.
S R Q ̅
𝑸
0 0
0 1
1 0
1 1
(b) (i) Name component X.

(ii) State one property of component X.
(c) A fire broke up in the milling factory and the alarm sounded. What are the
corresponding values of S and R when the alarm is on?
(d) The alarm continued to sound even when the fire was extinguished and the
temperature lowered. State the action that should be taken in order to stop the alarm
sounding.
(e) The fire destroyed a lightning conductor on one of the tall buildings in the factory.
Lightning is a dangerous effects of the static electricity.
(i) Explain what causes the build – up of static electricity before lightning occurs.
(ii) Describe the distribution of charge within a cloud before a lightning strike.
(iii) The lightning conductor was a metal spike fixed to the top of the tall building
and connected to the earth by a conducting wire.
Explain how lightning rods can protect a building.
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LAURENT MUSONDA
1 (a) (i) Mean reading : 1.50 cm

Vernier reading : 5 x 0.01cm = 0.05cm
Final reading : 1.50 cm + 0.05cm = 1.55cm
(ii) data: v =?, h = 4cm and r = ½ x 1.55cm = 0.775cm

22
volume = 𝜋r2h = x 0.7752 x 4 = 7.5507 = 7.55 cm3
7
(b) (i) Volume = area x height = 0.5cm2 x 4cm = 2.00cm3
𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 15.6𝑔
(ii) Density = 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 = 2.00𝑐𝑚3 = 7.8g/cm3
(iii) Iron metal
2 (a) Velocity is the rate of change of displacement with time.
(b) (i)
(ii) VR2 = 2.02 + 4.02 – 2 x 4 cos 135o -> VR2 = 4.0 + 16.0 – 8 x cos 135o
VR2 = 20.0 – 8 x cos 135o -> VR2 = 20.0 – 8 x cos 135o
VR2 = 20.0 + 5.66 -> VR2 = 25.66
VR = √25.66 = 5.07m/s
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LAURENT MUSONDA
3 (a) (i) Potential energy = mgh = 180 x 10 x 1 = 1800J
(ii) Work done = Force x Distance = 600 x 4 = 2400J
𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑏𝑦 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 1800

(iii) Efficiency = 𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑏𝑦 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑡 × 100% = 2400 × 100% = 75%
(b) Kinetic energy = potential energy = mph = 180 x 10 x 1 = 1800J
4 (a) Meter 1: Measured Current

Meter 2: Measured Voltage
𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑡 17000 17000

(b) 𝐶= 𝑚∆𝜃
= 0.85 ×(40−18) = 18.7
= 909.09J/(kg oC)
(c) (i) Process: convection

Explanation: heated air particles gained kinetic energy and move away from
the hot block.
(ii) - By painting white/silvery

- By making it very shinny/polished/smooth.
5 (a) Converging / convex lens
(b) Linear Magnification is the ratio of image length to object length measured in planes
that are perpendicular to the optical axis.
(c) (i)
(ii) Focal length = 4.0cm

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LAURENT MUSONDA
6 (a) Transformer needs an alternating current supply (input voltage). The

alternating current flows in the primary coil and sets up a changing magnetic field in
the secondary coil and an alternating e.m.f is induced which then flows to the load
(output voltage).
(b) (i) Magnetic field lines are being cut by the small coil hence induce current
in it therefore, the lamp light.
(ii) Few magnetic field lines are cut by the coil hence small amount of current is
being induced therefore, the lap dims.
(iii) The iron is magnetized and produces more magnetic field lines and this
increases induced current hence the lap brightens.
(C) (i) small current is induced hence the lam will be dimming.
(ii) no current induced in the coil and the lamp will not light.
7 (a)
(b) (i) Charge on C: Negative charge

Charge on U: Negative charge
(ii) Because it gained electrons from C and became negative charge because like
charges repel.
8 (a) Ohm’s law states that the current in a metallic conductor is directly
proportional to the voltage across it if the temperature and other conditions are
constant.
Resistance is the ratio of potential difference across a component to the current

flowing through the component it.
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LAURENT MUSONDA
(b) R1 + R2 and R3 + R4 are in series but connected in pairs so,
1 1 1 1 (𝑅3+𝑅4) + (𝑅1+𝑅2)
= + → = (𝑅1+𝑅2) (𝑅3+𝑅4)
𝑅 𝑅1+𝑅2 𝑅3+𝑅4 𝑅
𝑅 [(𝑅3 + 𝑅4) + (𝑅1 + 𝑅2)] = (𝑅1 + 𝑅2) (𝑅3 + 𝑅4)
(𝑹𝟏 + 𝑹𝟐) (𝑹𝟑 + 𝑹𝟒)

𝑹=
(𝑹𝟑 + 𝑹𝟒) + (𝑹𝟏 + 𝑹𝟐)
(c) (i) Total resistance = 2 + 3 = 5Ω
𝑉 20
𝐼= = = 4A
𝑅 5
2 ×2 4
(ii) Total resistance = + 3 = 4 + 3 = 1 + 3 = 4.0Ω
2+2
𝑉 20
𝐼= = = 5A
𝑅 4
(d) The electric bulb will light dimly because of increase in resistance in the circuit which
decreases the current in the circuit and voltage drop by each resistor.
SECTION B [30 marks]
9 (a) (i) Pressure is force acting normally per unit area.
(ii) Pressure in a liquid increases with depth because the further down you go, the
greater the weight of liquid above.
(b) (i) Mass = Density x Volume = 1000kg/m3 x 0.78m3 = 780kg
(ii) Work done = Force x distance

W = F x h = mah = mgh = 780 x 10 x 1.5 = 11700J
𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑒 11700 11700

(iii) 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 = = 1 x 3600 = = 3.25W
𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 3600
(c) Measure and record the mass of an empty beaker (m1) by using a balance. Put a known
volume (V) of the water in the beaker. Measure and record the mass of the beaker plus
water (m2). Use the following to calculate the density of water;
𝑚2 −𝑚1
Density of liquid = 𝑉
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LAURENT MUSONDA
10 (a) (i) Time (t) of the first stone to reach the highest point and flight time
𝑉−𝑢 0−20
𝑡= = = 2s and flight time = 2 + 2 = 4s
−𝑔 −10
Time of the second stone at 10m/s
𝑉−𝑢 10 − 20
𝑡= = = 1s
−𝑔 −10
Time of the first stone in air = 2 + 1 = 3 seconds
(ii) V = ?, u = 0m/s, g=10m/s2 and t=1s
V = u +gt = 0 + 10 x 1 = 10m/s
(iii) In 10 (a)(i) The first stone took four seconds to move up (two seconds) and
down (two seconds) and when the second stone was thrown, the first stone had
two seconds in air. When the second stone had one second at 10m/s the first
stone had three seconds.
In 10(a)(ii) it is the velocity of the first stone when falling down after one
second.
(b) (i) Speed for the first journey = u +at = 0 + 1.5 x 10 = 15m/s.
Speed for the second journey = u +at = 15 + 0.5 x 20 = 25m/s
SPEED – TIME GRAPH
1 1 1
(ii) 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = (2 𝑙ℎ) + (2 (𝑎 + 𝑏)ℎ) + (2 (𝑎 + 𝑏)ℎ)
1 1 1
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = (2 × 10 × 15) + (2 (15 + 25)20) + (2 (90 + 120)25)
Total distance = (5 x 15) + (10 x 35) + (105 x 25) = 75 + 350 +2625 = 3 050m
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 3050
(iii) 𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 = 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 = 150 = 20.33m/s
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LAURENT MUSONDA
11 (a) (i) This question is not complete however; I will try it like this:
R1 = 600Ω, V= 20V and R2 = thermistor.
𝑅1 600 𝟏𝟐 𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝑉1 = 𝑉 𝑅 = 20 × 600 + = (𝟔𝟎𝟎 + 𝑹 ) 𝑽
1 + 𝑅2 𝑅2 𝟐
𝑉2 × 𝑅1 𝑉2 ×600 𝟔𝟎𝟎𝑽𝟐
(ii) 𝑅2 = = = (𝟐𝟎 − )Ω
𝑉− 𝑉1 20− 𝑉1 𝑽𝟏
(b) (i) The resistance will decrease.
(ii) The ammeter reading and voltmeter reading will increases due to decrease in
the resistance of the thermistor.
(c) (i) The lamp L is ‘NO’ because Base is connected through Resistor to
the battery positive terminal and there is collector current in lamp L and that it
is much greater than the base current.
(ii) This means resistance will be reduced and the base current will increase to
make the collector current light the lamp brighter.
(iii) Thermistor is used to switch a relay.
(iv) Resistance of the thermistor can be altered due to the increase or decrease of
the its temperature.
12 (a) (i) AIM: To show how nature of a surface affects the heat radiated by from
that surface.
APPARATUS: Leslie’s tube, two thermometers, hot water.
PROCEDURE: Put hot water in the Leslie’s tube and set put the experiment as
shown below.
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LAURENT MUSONDA
RESULT: The thermometer near the black surface shows a higher temperature
reading than the thermometer near the white surface.
CONCLUSION: The black (dark) surface is a good radiator of heat.
(ii) The thermometers must be at the same distance from each wall (don’t touch
the walls).
(b) By getting two same sized tins, one polished/painted white and the other one dull/painted
black. Put cold water with equal temperature and volume in each tin. Place the tins apart and
in between put a heater at equal distance from each tin. In each tin put the thermometers and
measure the initial temperature of water. After some minutes, the temperature reading in the
dull/black painted tin will show higher reading than the other. This shows that dull/black
surface is the better absorb and emitter of heat.
(c) (i) because water is the poor conduct of heat hence heat energy didn’t move from
the surface to the bottom.
(ii) by conduction through vibration of heated molecules of water as the vibrate they
transfer heat energy at a very slow pace.
SECTION A [50 Marks]

1 (a) Volume = lbh = 5cm x 2cm x 2cm = 20cm3
(b) Mass
(c) (i)
𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 56𝑔
(ii) 𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 = = = 2.8g/cm3
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 20𝑐𝑚3
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LAURENT MUSONDA
1 1
2 (a) Height = 𝑢𝑡 + 2 𝑔𝑡 2 = (0 × 1) + (2 × 10 × 12 ) = 0 + 5 = 5m + 0.04 = 5.04m
(b) K.E = P.E = mgh = 0.2 x 10 x 5.04 = 10.08J
(c) (i) Final speed of mango as it strikes the muddy and this become the initial
speed as it penetrating the ground.
V2 = U2 + 2gh = 02 + 2 x 10 x 5 = 0 + 20 X 5 = 100
V = √100 = 10m/s
Retardation of the mango

V2 = U2 + 2ah → 02 = 102 + 2 x a x 0.04
0 = 100 + 0.08a → - 100 = 0.08a
−100
𝑎= = -1250m/s2. Therefore, retardation = 1250m/s2
0.08
3 (a) Decrease of the lope / velocity ratio in the pulley system.
(b) To reduce the tension in P.
𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑊
(c) 𝑀. 𝐴 = 𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑡 → 3 = 2000𝑁 → 𝑊 = 3 × 2000𝑁 = 6000N
𝑀.𝐴 3
(d) M.A = V.R = 3. 𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 = × 100% = 3 × 100% = 100%
𝑉.𝑅
4 (a) and (b)
Figure 4.1
(c) (i) The nails will still have attached to each other and they will attract iron
filings / small nails when brought near the nails.
(ii) Detach the magnet from the nails and the nails will lose their magnetism after
few seconds since they are made of iron metal.
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LAURENT MUSONDA
5 (a) The copper conducts the heat away from the paper quickly, preventing the paper
from reaching the temperature at which it burns. The wood conducts the heat away
only very slowly.
(b) They prevent the loss / gain of heat by conduction and convection.
(c) Unpainted concrete is shinny/polished of which they reflect heat and remain cool
while the painted one becomes dull and this enable it to absorbs heat and becomes
warm.
(d) Good conductor is used to make car radiators.
6 (a) The iron core is induced magnetized by current from the primary coil and it
produces magnetic field lines which are cut by secondary coil and induced current is
produced in the secondary coil.
(b) Power = Voltage x Current = 33 000V x 85A = 2 805 000W
(c) Energy = Power x Time = 2 805 000W x 3600s = 1.0098 x 1010J

7 (a) and (b)
Figure 7.1
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LAURENT MUSONDA
(c) Because in a cold day light rays from the sun to strike on clouds (translucent) and form
a penumbra shadow on earth hence no image is formed from any object.
8 An isotope is an element where atoms of the same element have same number of protons
and different number of neurons or have same atomic number but different mass number.
(a) (i)
(ii) Phosphorous is used to check the amount of fertilizer taken in by plants.

Carbon 14 is used for Carbon dating to determine the age of fossils.
SECTION B [30 marks]

9 (a) (i) Earth wire has been connected to Live terminal and Live terminal has not
being connected to any terminal.
(ii) No it will not work because Live wire has not being connected to any terminal.
(iii)
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LAURENT MUSONDA
(b) (i) Electrical energy used by the STOVE.

3000𝑊
Power = = 3Kw, Time = 5hrs and Electrical energy = ?
1000
Electrical energy = Power x Time = 3kW x 5hrs = 15kWh
Electrical energy used by the HEATER.

2 300𝑊
Power = = 2.3Kw, Time = 5hrs and Electrical energy = ?
1000
Electrical energy = Power x Time = 2.3kW x 5hrs = 11.5kWh
Electrical energy used by the GEYSER.

2500𝑊
Power = = 2.5Kw, Time = 5hrs and Electrical energy = ?
1000
Electrical energy = Power x Time = 2.5kW x 5hrs = 12.5kWh
Total electrical energy used by the stove, heater and geyser

Total electrical energy = 15 + 11.5 + 12.5 = 39kWh
1𝑘𝑊ℎ → 𝑘0.50
(ii) × x = 0.50 x 39 = k19.50
39𝑘𝑊ℎ → 𝑥
(iii) Switch ON one device at a time because switch ON many and high rated device
at the same time can cause overheating of the cable and cause fire outbreak.
10 (a) Cathode rays travel in straight lines.
Cathode rays are deflected by magnetic field or an electric field.
(b) (i) Electrons escape from the filament when it is hot because they have
enough energy to get free from the metal surface.
(ii) Electrons accelerate because of the anodes which accelerate them.
(iii) A vacuum creates the space without air molecules that would collide with
electrons.
(c) Charge per second = current = 1.8 x 10-3A, voltage = 2000V and Time = 8s
Energy = voltage x current x time = 2000V x 1.8 x10-3A x 8s = 28.8J
(d) The A.C with low frequency makes the beam move up and down so slowly that it produces
a continuous vertical line.
(e) 1. Measure p.d.

2. Display waveforms
3. Measure short time intervals
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LAURENT MUSONDA
11 (a) (i) Pascal is one newton per square metre (N/m2).
(ii) Force = mass x gravity = 60 x 10 = 600N

𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 600𝑁
𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 = = 2.4 ×10−3 = 250 000 Pa
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎
(iii) The pressure will increase because the area of a stone on which the tyre
exerted is smaller than the area of a tyre on ground.
𝑃1 × 𝑉1 1.9×105 × 0.016
(b) (i) 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 = = = 0.01447619 = 0.015cm3
𝑝2 2.1 ×105
(ii) volume will reduce since pressure has increased.
12 (a) Wave is a disturbance which carries energy from one place to another without
transferring matter.
𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 20
(b) (i) 𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 = = 10 = 2m/s
𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒
𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 2
(ii) 𝑊𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ = 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 = 4 = 0.5m
(c)
(d) Particle Y or Z
(e) As a wave is oscillating the particles at right angles to the direction of travel of the
wave it carries energy.
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LAURENT MUSONDA
SECTION A [50 Marks]
1 (a) Micrometer screw gauge
(b) Sleeve reading: 6.00 mm

Thimble reading: 0.24 mm
Final reading: 6.24 mm
(c) 1 Clean the anvil and spindle before using the instrument.
2 Zero the instrument before using it i.e. when closed the thimble and sleeve scale must
read zero zero.
2 (a) v = u - gt ---> 0 = 10 - 10t ---> -10 = -10t ----> t = 1s
1 1
(b) (i) Height = 𝑙ℎ = × 1 × 10 = 5m
2 2
(ii) V = u – at -----> 0 = 10 – a x 1 ---> - 10 = -a ---> a = 10m/s2

(c) The answer in b(ii) is equal to the value of g
3 (a) Principle of moments states that, when a body is in equilibrium under the action of
forces, the sum of clockwise moments about any point is equal to the sum of anticlockwise
moments about the same point.
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LAURENT MUSONDA
(b) Weight = mass x gravity = 26 x 10 = 260N
(c) F1 x d1 = F2 x d2 ----> 260N x 0.35m = F2 x (0.35m + 0.30m)

91 = 0.65F2 ------> F2 = 140N
4 (a) (i) Potential energy = Weight x height = 500N x 3.5m = 1 750 J
𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 1750 175000

(ii) 𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 = 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡
× 100 → 65 = 𝑥
× 100 → 65 = 𝑥
175000
𝑥= = 2692.23J. Therefore, Work input = 2 692.23J
65
𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 1750 175000

(iii) 𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 = × 100 = × 100 = = 65%
𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 2 692.23 2692.23
(b) (i) Renewable energy is the form of energy which is always replenished.
(ii) During cloud cover, it is less effective. (it doesn’t need cloud cover).
5 (a) Temperature is total average amount of kinetic energy possessed by particles in the
substance while heat is the transfer of thermal energy within a system.
(b) Alcohol expands about six times more than mercury.

Alcohol has a low freezing point of -112oC while mercury has a high freezing point of
-39oC
(c) Temperature = - 102 + 273 = 171K
6 (a)
(b) (i) The speed decreases

(ii) The wavelength decreases.
1 1
(c) 𝑛 = sin 𝑐 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛42 = 1.494477 = 1.50
(d) Wavelength in between wavefront would be shorten.
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LAURENT MUSONDA
7 (a) (i) Combined resistance = 2 + 4 = 6Ὠ

3×6 18
(ii) 𝑅 = 6×3 = 9 = 2Ὠ
𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 12
(b) (i) Current = = = 6A
𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 2
𝑉 12
(ii) Current = 𝑅 = 6 = 2A
Voltage = current x Resistance = 2A x 4Ὠ = 8V
8 (a) Thermionic emission is the escape of electrons from the filament when it is hot because
they have enough energy to get free from the metal surface.
60 6
(b) (i) Period = division x time base = 6cm x 10ms/cm = 60ms = 1000 = 100 = 0.06s
1 1
(ii) Frequency = = = 16.67Hz
𝑇 0.06
(c) Peak voltage = 0.5V/cm x 4cm = 2V
SECTION B [30 MARKS]
9 (a) (i) The term is Acceleration

(ii)
(iii) Distance = lh = 50 x 12 = 600m

(b) (i) The tennis started from rest and increased its speed uniformly to 15m/s in
1.5seconds towards the gravity and bounces back with the same speed against the
gravity after 1.5seconds.
(ii) Both started from rest and increased in speed uniformly.
Motion in (a) continued with same speed while motion in (b) bounces back and went
to the same position.
10 (a) A simple machine is any mechanical device that facilitates a force applied at one
point to overcome another force at a different point in the system.
(b) (i) Work = mass x gravity x distance = 4000 x 10 x 6 = 240 000 J
(ii) P.E = mgh = 4000 x 10 x 2 = 80 000 J
𝑑𝐸 𝑥
(c) 𝑉. 𝑅 = 𝑑 → 3 = 2 ----> x = 3 x 2 = 6m
𝐿
𝑀.𝐴 𝑀.𝐴 80 ×3
(d) (i) 𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 = 𝑉.𝑅
× 100 → 80 = 3
× 100 → 𝑀. 𝐴 = 100
= 2.4
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LAURENT MUSONDA
𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 80 000

(ii) 𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 = × 100 → 80 = × 100
𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑥
8 000 000 8000 000

80 = → 80𝑥 = 8000 000 → 𝑥=
𝑥 80
X = 100 000 J. Therefore, Energy used = 100 000 J
(e) Because some energy has being lost in form of heat and friction energy.
11 (a) (i)
𝑉𝑆 𝑁𝑆 115 𝑥 115 ×50

(ii) = → = → 𝑥= = 25 turns
𝑉𝑃 𝑁𝑃 230 50 230
(iii) At power plant, a step up transformer increases the voltage inorder to overcome the
resistance in the cable and the step down transformer decreases the voltage to the
required voltage just before the houses. Transfoermers vary the voltages of supply
from power plant to the houses.
(b) (i) Because the resistance of the welding machine is very small.
(ii) D.C, current moves in one direction while A.C, current moves forward and backward
i.e. current in A.C changes direction.
12 (a) Any substances that contain radioactive material like papers, paint, concrete, etc.
(b) (i) Half-life is the time taken for the radioactive material to decay half of its mass.
𝐴 1 𝑛 250 1 𝑛 1 1 𝑛 1 3 1 𝑛
(ii) 𝐴0
= (2) → 2000
= (2) → 8
= (2) → ( ) =( )
2 2
𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 30
n = 3. Half – life = 𝑛
= 3
= 10 minutes
(c) (i)
Time (minutes) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Count rate (count / min) 2000 1000 500 250 125 62.5 31.25
Page 66 of 77
LAURENT MUSONDA
Page 67 of 77
LAURENT MUSONDA
1 (a) Measure length, width and height for volume

Measure mass of the bar
(b) Metre rule or 30cm rule

Electronic balance
(c) Calculate the volume of the bar by using: volume = length x width x height. Then calculate
𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠
density by using: density = 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒
2 (a) Mass is defined as the quantity of matter in a substance while Weight is the attractive
force exerted on an object by gravity.
(b) (i) Because gravity changed (decreased)

(ii) Because gravity is zero in space.
3 (a) Speed is the rate of change of distance while velocity is the rate of change of displacement.
Speed is a scalar quantity while velocity is a vector quantity.
(b) (i) F = ma = 800 x 1.5 = 1200N
(ii) Because of friction force acting on a car.
(iii) V = u + at = 25 + (1.5 x 4) = 25 + 6 = 31m/s
4 (a) (i) Moment = force x distance = 15 x 0.05 = 0.75Nm
(ii) Moment = force x distance = 15 x 0.15 = 2.25Nm
(b) End “A” because less force is applied to overcome large force. (it has greater turning effect)
5 (a) Work = mass x gravity x height = 25 x 10 x 4 = 1000 J
𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘 1000
(b) Power = 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒
= 12
= 83.33W
(c) When the sack started raising, kinetic energy of a sack started increasing until it stopped then
all the kinetic energy was converted to potential energy i.e. kinetic energy to potential energy.
Page 68 of 77
LAURENT MUSONDA
6 (a) Critical angle is the angle of incidence when the angle of refraction is 90o.
(b) (i)
(ii) Total internal reflection this is when the angle of incidence is greater than critical
angle and the refracted ray disappear and the incident ray is reflected inside the denser
medium.
(iii) The angle of incidence is greater than critical angle.

The refracted ray disappears and all the incident light is reflected inside the denser medium
7 (a) (i) X : North pole

Y: South pole
Z: North pole
(ii) End X and end Y will attract because they have different poles.
(b) (i) Electrical relay
(ii) Because a relay switches OFF or ON a very high – power circuit by a tiny current from
an electronic.
8 (a) Isotopes are atoms of the same element having same number of protons but different
number of neutrons.
(b) (i) Electrons = 38

(ii) Neutrons = 90 – 38 = 52
90 90
(c) 38𝑆𝑟 → 37𝑌 + −10𝛽
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LAURENT MUSONDA
9 (a) Electromotive force (e.m.f.) is the energy supplied to each coulomb of charge within the
power supply.
Or e.m.f. is the number of joules of chemical energy transferred to electrical energy and heat
when one coulomb of charge passes through the battery (or cell).
(b) (i) Resultant e.m.f = 5.0 – 3.7 = 1.3V
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 1.3
(ii) Current = = = 0.25A
𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 5.2
(c) Time = 1.5 x 3600 = 5400

Charge = Current x Time = 0.25 x 5400 = 1 350 C
(d) Because the casing of a battery charger is made from plastic and is double insulated which
protect the user from being electric shock if live wire is in contact with the casing due to any
accident.
10 (a) When hot air is passing through the ice box, heat energy from the air is transferred to
the ice box and the air become cool. This cool air replaces the hot air in the food compartment
and the hot air the food compartment goes to ice box to be cooled. This cold air cools the food
compartment.
(b) The fins are painted black so that they lose heat more quickly.
(c) (i) Mass of water = 16 x 20g = 320g = 0.32kg

Specific latent of fusion of ice = 330 J/Kg
Energy = mass x specific latent = 0.32 x 330 =1056 J
(ii) Because there were no temperature changes of a tray hence the heat energy was
zero.
𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 1056
(iii) Time = 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟
= 30
= 35.2 seconds
11 (a) (i) Because dry soil can’t allow the flow of current from soil contacts to contacts
connected to input B.
(ii) Light-dependent resistor (LDR) its resistance increases when there is no light hence no
current pass through it.
(b)
Input A Input B Output Q
0 0 1
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 0
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LAURENT MUSONDA
(c) (i) Input A = 0, Input B = 0 and output Q = 1
(ii) Light level is high (bright) and then the soil is dry.
(d) When resistance of resistor R1 increased, its voltage across it increased hence the resistance
and voltage across LDR, decreases in which light falls on the LDR increased.
12 (a) When the piston pushed down, it pushes all the air molecules from the syringe through
the narrow tube to pipe. Now there will be more (a lot) of air molecules in the pipe hence
there will increase in the collision of air molecules to each other and to the wall of the pipe.
This increase in collision is the increase in pressure.
(b) (i) P1 = 1.000 X 105 Pa, P2 = ?? , V1 = 5000cm3, V2 = 5000 – 60 = 4940 cm3
𝑃1 × 𝑉1 1.000×105 × 5000
𝑃2 = 𝑉2
= 4940
= 100 806.4516 = 1.008064516 x 105 Pa
(ii) Pressure = 101300 - 100 806.4516 = 493.55Pa
𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 × 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦 1000 × 10

(iii) Height = = = 20.26.m
𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 493.55
(c) The level water remains at the same horizontal level because the gas pressure exerts on the
surface is less than the atmospheric pressure.
SECTION A [50 MARKS]
1 (a) Diameter = 2cm – 1cm = 1cm
4 4 22 11
(b) (i) Volume = 3 𝜋𝑟 3 = 3 × 7
× 0.53 = 21 =0.524 = 0.52cm3
(ii) Mass = volume x density 0.52 x 8.05 = 4.186g
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LAURENT MUSONDA
2 (a) (i) (ii)
𝑉−𝑢 2000−3000
(b) (i) 𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 𝑡
= 5
= - 200m/s2
(ii) Force = mass x acceleration = 5.5 x – 200 = - 1100N
3 (a) (i) Work done = Force x Distance = 2 000 x 10 = 20 000 J

(ii) Loss in G.P.E = mgh = 500 x 10 x 6 = 30 000 J
(b) Gravitational potential energy to kinetic energy then gravitational potential energy
6
(c) (i) Distance BC: Sin 30 = ----> 0.5x = 6 -----> x = 12m
𝑥
Word done = mgh = 500 x 10 x 12 = 60 000 J

30 000
Efficiency = 60 000 × 100 = 50%
(ii) The efficiency will reduce cause the distance BC will increase which increased the
work done by effort.
𝑃1 × 𝑉1 80 ×110
4 (a) P2 = 𝑉2
= 10
= 880kPa
(b) Force = pressure x area = 880 000 x (1.2x10-5) = 10.56N

(c) The space in between the air particles reduced which increases the movement of air particles
and collision of air molecules to each other and the walls of the pump. This increase in
movement of air particles is the increase in temperature.
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LAURENT MUSONDA
5 (a) (i) Mass = density x volume = 1000 x 450 = 450 000kg

(ii) Thermal energy = mass x specific heat capacity x Change in temperature
= 450 000 000 x 4.2 x (100 – 25) = 1.4175 x 1011J
(b) Because some energy is lost in form of sound energy and some energy is gained by the boiler
walls.
6 (a) (i)
(ii) The image is upside down

The image is same size as an object.
1 1
(b) (i) 𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (𝑛) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (1.33) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (0.751879699) = 48.75O
(ii) Total internal reflection occurs

(iii) It is used in telescope, microscope, binoculars, etc
Brilliance of a diamond.
7 (a) Because alpha, beta or gamma radiations can’t penetrate lead plate.
𝐴 1 𝑛 500 1 𝑛 1 1 𝑛
(b) 𝐴0
= (2) → 2 500
= (2) → 5
= (2) → 0.2 = (0.5)𝑛
Log 0.2 = log 0.5 x n ----> - 0.699 = - 0.301n ----> n = 2.32

Time taken = n x t = 2.32 x 20 = 46.4 years.
Page 73 of 77
LAURENT MUSONDA
10 + 20 + 30 + 40 + 45
(c) (i) Average distance = 5
= 29cm
(ii) Count rate at 30cm = 1600 counts per minute

(d) Beta is used to control the thickness of a paper.
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 12
8 (a) (i) Current = 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 6 + 12 = 0.666666666 A = 0.67A
(ii) Voltage = Resistance x Current = 6 x 0.67 = 4.02V = 4.00V

(b) (i) The current through the ammeter will increase.
(ii) The resistance of rheostat will reduce (decrease).
(c) This makes the beam move up and down so rapidly that it produces a continuous vertical line
whose length is at 2cm high.
(d) (i) The volume of sound is reducing because its amplitudes and wavelength are
reducing
(ii) Since the frequency is increasing, the pitch of sound is increasing also.
9 (a) AB = AD = 6.7cm and AC = 10cm
6.7𝑐𝑚 ×200 000 𝑁

Lifting force = 10 𝑐𝑚
= 134 000 N
Page 74 of 77
LAURENT MUSONDA
(b) (i) G.P.E = mgh = 20 000 x 10 x 5 = 1 000 000 J
(ii) Distance moved by Effort = Velocity ratio x distance moved by load = 5 x 5 = 10m
Work done by effort = mgh = 20 000 x 10 x 10 = 2 000 000 J
𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑏𝑦 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 1 000 000

Efficiency = × 100 = × 100 = 50%
𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑏𝑦 𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑡 2 000 000
𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑒 1 000 000

(C) 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 = 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒
= 120
= 8 333.33W
(d) Energy converted from kinetic energy to gravitational potential energy
10 (a) (i) Specific heat capacity is the amount of thermal energy that is needed to raise
the temperature of 1 Kg of the substance by 1 oC (or 1 K).
𝑃𝑡 1000 ×3600 3 600 000

(ii) 𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 = = = = 63 157.89 J/(kg.oC)
𝑚∆𝑇 0.6 ×(120−25) 57
(b) (i) Thermal energy = mc∆T = 0.6 x 63 157.89 x (150 – 120) = 1 136 842.02J
𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 1 136 842.02
(ii) Specific latent heat of fusion = 𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠
= 0.6
= 1 894 736.7 J/kg
𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 1 000
(iii) Current = 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 = 240
= 4.16666 = 4.17A
(c) The molecules in a solid are held by strong forces. At melting point, all energy supplied to it is
completely used up for breaking the strong forces. Only the potential energy of the molecules
has increased, not the kinetic energy. As such, the temperature at melting point remains
unchanged.
11 (a) (i) Because the spring balance opposes the force of gravity with the force of the
extended spring and measures the weight not mass.
(ii) Get an object with a non – mass and measure its weight by using a spring balance.
Then get the mass of an object by using the formula:
𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡
Mass = 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦
(b) (i) Come up with the mass and corresponding weight and use them as coordinates.
Page 75 of 77
LAURENT MUSONDA
𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 0.9
(ii) Spring constant (K) = 𝐸𝑥𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 0.1 = 9N/m.
(iii) The spring constant is important because it shows basic material property which give
exactly how much force is required to deform the spring. The higher the spring
constant the stiffer the material is of the spring and the lower the spring constant the
less stiff the material is of the spring.
(iv) Yes, it has obeyed Hooke’s law because the graph is straight (not curved).
(c) Yes, it will change and undergoes plastic deformation.
Page 76 of 77
LAURENT MUSONDA
12 (a)
S R Q ̅
𝑸
0 0 1 1
0 1 1 0
1 0 1 0
1 1 0 1
(b) (i) Component X: Thermistor

(ii) Its resistance decreases markedly when its temperature rises.
(c) The values are: S = high (1) and R = high (1)
(d) By switching OFF - ON the button
(e) (i) Air molecules and water droplets collide and rise carrying charges with them, as
as a result, the top cloud will have excess positive charge and the bottom layer of the
cloud will have excess negative charge.
(ii) When the thunderstorm is directly overhead, the large negative charge in the middle
of the storm cloud repels the negative charges on the ground underneath the storm.
(iii) Thunderclouds carry charges; a negatively charged cloud passing overhead repels
electrons from the spikes leaving it with a large positive charge which removes
electrons from nearby air molecules, so charging them positively and causing them to
be repelled from the spike. This results in an ‘electric wind’ of positive air molecules
streaming upwards which neutralise electrons discharging from the thundercloud in a
lightning flash. If a flash occurs it is now less violent and the conductor gives it an easy
path to ground.
FOR MORE BOOKLET LIKE THIS ONE CONTACT MR MUSONDA LAURENT ON;
CALL / TEXT: 0954482350 / 0974794056
WHATSAPP: 0965038377
EMAIL: laurentmsnd@gmail.com
Page 77 of 77
LAURENT MUSONDA

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SUCCESS IN PURE PHYSICS

PAPER 2 VOLUME ONE

THIS PHYSICS 5054 PAPER 2 BOOKLET WILL HELP YOU TO:

EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL OF ZAMBIA

Examination for School Certificate Ordinary Level

Thursday 3 NOVEMBER 2016

Section A [50 marks]

(a) (i) What is the measurement indicated in the diagram? [1]

(i) Calculate the volume of the material of the tube. [2]

(iii) the efficiency of the system [1]

Meter 1 and meter 2 are electrical meters.

(b) The following results are obtained in an experiment.

(b) State what is meant by linear magnification. [1]

(c) What will be the effect of

7 A positively charged sphere C is brought close to a small uncharged sphere U.

(ii) Explain why U is repelled by C [1]

8 (a) State ohm's law and define resistance

Ohm's law ………………………………………………………………………………………………

Resistance ……………………………………………………………………………………………… [2]

(ii) switch is closed [1]

Section B [30 marks]

(a) The pressure of the water increases with depth.

(i) Explain the meaning of 'pressure'. [1]

(iii) Calculate the minimum power output of the pump. [2]

(ii) the resistance of the thermistor. [2]

(b) The temperature of the thermistor increases.

(i) State what happens to the resistance of the thermistor [1]

(c) Figure 11.2 below shows an application of transistor.

(iii) Name one use of a thermistor. [1]

(c) Figure 12.1 below shows an experiment on conduction.

(i) Explain how this is so. [1]

EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL OF ZAMBIA

Examination for School Certificate Ordinary Level

Wednesday 8 NOVEMBER 2017

Section A [50 marks]

1 Figure 1.1 is a full scale drawing of an aluminium bar.

(a) Calculate the volume of the bar [2]

(c) When placed on the measuring pan, a reading of 56grams is obtained.

(ii) Find the density of aluminium bar. [2]

(a) From what height did the mango drop? [2]

(b) What is the purpose of pulley T? [1]

(d) Find the efficiency of the system. [2]

4 Figure 4.1 shows a magnet, two compasses and two nails.

Explain the purpose of the fibre glass. [1]

(d) State one industrial use of a good conductor of heat. [1]

(a) Explain the purpose of the iron core in the transformer.

(i) The electrical power that the factory receives?

(ii) the electrical energy the factory receives in 1 hour.

8 What is an isotope? [1]

(ii) Give one use of radioactive isotopes. [1]

10 Figure 10.1 shows a simple version of an electron-beam tube.

(a) State one property of cathode rays. [1]

(b) Explain why,

(e) State one use of cathode rays. [1]

(i) What is the volume of air in the tyre in figure 11.4

12 (a) what is a wave? [1]

Draw the wave and use arrows to show the,

EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL OF ZAMBIA

Examination for School Certificate Ordinary Level

Wednesday 7 NOVEMBER 2018

Section A [50 marks]

1 Figure 1.1 shows a measuring device.

(a) Name the instrument [1]

(b) What is the reading shown? [2]