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ECZ GRADE 12 RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
SUMMARISED NOTES (FOR 2046)
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Stephen’s Role
Stephen also became known for other ministries other than the one in
which he was chosen to serve
He witnessed and taught in the synagogues of the Greek-speaking Jews
Freed Jewish slaves belonged to the “synagogue of freed men”
Some Jews did not agree with his teachings
They could not prove him wrong
They made false accusations that he was speaking against Moses, the Law
and the Temple
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The results of peter’s decision would be felt throughout the entire world for
all time. The Gentiles would be accepted as Christians without first
becoming Jews by circumcision
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Islam In Zambia
Islam is not based on the customs or traditions of any one particular
people
Islam declares itself to be a universal ideology and makes no
discrimination on the basis of race, country, colour or language
Any person, who declares belief in the Islamic creed, is entitled to the
same rights as any other Muslim
Conflicts may arise in cross-cultural situation. A Zambian Muslim might
find conflict between certain tradition customs concerning marriage, the
family or death of a family member. Muslim marriage laws, religious
beliefs about prayer times, and rituals surrounding death and the
funeral may differ.
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The early Christians witnessed first to the Jews (their own people), and then
moved out to half Jews (the Samaritans), then to Gentiles (non-Jews).
Similarly, Christians today should follow the example of the early Church,
by reaching out to others
Read Acts 1:8
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The Reasons
The Apostles became very popular as a result of the healing of the lame
man. Crowds gathered to see and listen to them. This popularity angered
the Priests, and led to the persecution of the Apostles
The Apostles were blamed for assuming the authority of the religious
leaders and teachers. Religious teaching was supposed to be done by
religious teachers especially the scribes.
Their preaching about the resurrection angered the Sadducees, who did not
believe in life after death.
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He first of all explained what he had preached. Then as the stones hit his
body, he prayed to God to forgive them for what they were doing. Acts
9:23-30; Acts 8:1
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They knew that “all things work together for good for those who love God.”
The earthquake which followed, and the conversion of the jailer, bring out
this truth, Romans 8:28
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Paul’s Reaction
Paul publicly rebuked him
God’s temporary judgment of blindness showed Paul’s words to be true,
and quickly put a stop to the opposition.
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Hindu
Mahatma Gandhi was a Hindu from India who suffered racial persecution
while in South Africa. He read the New Testament and was greatly
impressed by the teachings of Christ, especially such teachings as non-
violent reaction to persecution, Matt 5:38-42
He could not understand, however, why so many people who called
themselves “Christians” did not live by what Christ taught. It was for this
reason that he did not become Christian.
Hinduism is based on love, tolerance and forgiveness. To a true Hindu,
persecution is not a real defeat.
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Islam
Islam is a very militant religion. Any opposition is dealt with in a violent
way. “An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth ” describes the Islamic way
of reacting to persecution
The non-violent reaction taught by Christians can be looked upon as a
weakness, and also as being unfaithful to their religion
Life, property and everything else belongs to God, and Allah decrees
everything that happens even persecution. Therefore, he is ready to
sacrifice everything to please Allah.
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Zambian Tradition
Having discussions on the issue in order to arrive at a lasting solution
Getting the consensus of the parties in conflict through a go-between, so as
to reach a neutral and agreeable solution
Being willing to give the statements as they occurred, so as to assist the
mediators to find a way of resolving the conflicts. Those found guilty were
made to apologize or pay damages to the other party with whom they were
in conflict. This made it easier to maintain order and relationships
In case of death, divination was done, and revenge was sought
Christianity
Having a clear understanding of their disagreement by
Mutual discussions
Committing the problem to God through prayer
Referring to relevant scriptures
Giving brotherly and Godly counsel to the people in conflict
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Work was part of God’s original purpose for man. At creation, man was
instructed to subdue the earth, have dominion over it, cultivate and keep it,
Gen. 1:26-28; 2:15.
If most people can find employment, it is often a sign of God’s blessing and
approval. Unemployment in a nation way be a sign of God’s judgment,
Zech. 8:9-12
Bible Teachings
God’s original purpose, Gen. 1:26-28
Work was appointed for six days. The seventh was to be a day of rest, Gen.
2:1-3; Exodus 20:9
God intended man to find his work enjoyable, Eccl 5:18-20
Incentives for daily work: -to buy food, Prov 16:26 – to build a home and
sustain it; Prov 24:27
Work was part of God’s plan for the support of the human race, Prov 27:25-
27
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Most people in Zambia work. However, certain types of workers may not be
respected, for example: unskilled workers, house servants, charcoal burners and
many others.
Bible Teachings
Jesus was despised and rejected in Nazareth because He was “a carpenter.”
Manual work is often despised, but the Bible commands us to work with
our hands. Paul also encourages Christians to work. Eph 4:28; 1 Thess 4:11;
2 Thess 3:7-8
Read Eph 6:5-7
The Christian, therefore, by his attitude to his work, must aim to earn
respect, whatever the job
Disputes
There are often disputes between employers and employees
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Zambian Tradition
In Zambian traditional society, everyone was expected to work from
childhood to adulthood, with supervision and teaching. In adulthood, less
supervision and more responsibility was expected
Neglect in working resulted in lack of food and shelter
Hinduism
The Bhagavad-Gita (ch.3:8) says, “Thou should do thy allotted task, for work
is superior to idleness. Without work, even the maintenance of your body is
impossible”
Work is a source of happiness.
Islam
The Quran commands people to work. There is no disrespect for manual
workers
The Prophet Muhammad once came across a man who spent all his days
praying without working. The man said his brothers fed him. The Prophet
told the man that Allah would place all the blessings on his brothers.
Christianity
The Christian attitude to work should be one of integrity, diligence, co-
operation, punctuality, reliability and honesty, Eph 4:28 and 6:5-9
Read 1 Cor 10:31
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Zambian Tradition
There was no particular day of rest. There were tasks that had to be done
everyday
In their leisure time, children went out and played by pretending to be
fathers or mothers, keeping a house, cooking etc thereby learning more
about life in an informal way
Hinduism
Opportunities for leisure occur outside working hours and at weekends,
especially Sunday. This day has no religious significance
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Islam
Opportunities for leisure occur outside working hours. Time is allowed on
Friday for prayer and worship
Good health and physical fitness are commended in the Quran. Time is
spent playing sports, visiting friends etc.
Beer drinking and immoral cinema shows are forbidden in Islamic Law.
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Zambian Tradition
ZAMBIAN PROVERB MEANING
“They are never dug hurriedly.” You cannot get rich overnight
“Food is never little, only the clothes Receive everything gratefully without
may be too small.” judging its quality, or, share everything
generously without doubting its worth
“Two brothers shared one nut” Sharing is vital, no matter how small
the share.
Hinduism
“Bound in the meshes of hundreds of desires by lust and anger, they try
hard to gather wealth by unfair means, for satisfaction of sensual desires”
Bhagavad-Gita Ch. 16:12
To gather riches in not the goal of life. A noble man will only acquire wealth
by honest means. During Diwali, Lakshmi, the goddess of wealth and
prosperity is honoured and welcomed
Islam
It is not a sin to be rich.
Exploitation of one’s fellow man in obtaining wealth is forbidden
Money must be used wisely
Lending money is permitted, but taking interest is forbidden.
Christianity
Exploitation is wrong
Put God first. Matthew 6:33
Cheating, bribery, corruption, and any form of dishonesty is forbidden
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Democratic government has respect for the rule of law; the power to rule
comes from the people
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Ahab sinned against God more than any of his ancestors. He had married
Jezebel, a foreign princess and Baal worshipper. God also appointed Elijah’s
successor, Elisha. The story of Naboth’s vineyard, gives an example of the
greed, selfishness and cruelty of a bad King, 1 Kings 16:29, 19:1-8, and 21:1-
29
Read Ezekiel 34:1-10
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Zambian Tradition
A leader demands special treatment because of his position
Leaders get into power through consensus
Leaders are a fountain of knowledge and wisdom
Islam
Administration in an Islamic state is under an Amir (Emir) or Chief. He
should have the confidence of the majority for his knowledge of Islam and
should show a fear of God
The Amir is assisted by a Council called, Shura, who give advice
The citizens have the right to criticize the Amir
Ayatollahs are religious leaders and teachers
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Hinduism
The great kings of ancient India took advice from the Great Sages or Wise
Ones
Spiritual goals were the aim of their leadership. They taught “”simple living
and high thinking
All great Kings had great “Gurus”
Ghandi can be considered such a great leader. He took traditional ideas of
leadership and adjusted them to contemporary conditions of Indian society
Ghandi never wished to be Prime Minister or President of India, but all
public figures in India respected him as a leader
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Islam
To strengthen relationships between families
For procreation, to produce more followers of Islam
To create a new family unit
To discourage immorality
Hinduism
For procreation
To create a family unit through a man and wife partnership
Zambian Tradition
For reproduction
To strengthen ties with other people
For the good of the community. If a marriage did not produce children it
would be ended
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Guiding Principles
A man should not marry until he can leave the support of his parents, and
be able to support himself and his wife, Genesis 2:24; 24:1-32, 50-53
Read 2 Cor 6:14-18. Christians cannot marry non-Christians
One should not choose a marriage partner because of lust, but in honour
and love because lust always dies, but love lives on, 1 Thessalonians 4:4-5
Christianity
A man must only marry when he can fend for himself
The man must leave his parents and cleave to his wife
A wife/husband must be chosen by God
Both must be compatible
Islam
The parents arrange marriages. A Muslim man may marry a non-Muslim
but a woman cannot marry a non-Muslim. A girl cannot be given against
her will. She has the right to choose amongst free men but must respect
the decision of her father and other guardians. The Shia sect of Islam allows
a man to contract for a wife for a given period of time (one, two or five
years), on payment of a suitable dowry. She is then free to go back to her
father or guardian on expiry of the contract
Hinduism
Parents arrange all marriages. The girl’s parents look for a suitor. The
woman pays the dowry
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Zambian Tradition
Parents arrange marriages. The man’s parents approach the girl’s parents
and start negotiations for the marriage.
Christianity
It is more common to find unmarried adults in the Christian religion than
any other.
The unmarried are expected to be accepted and appreciated
Islam
Muslims regard an unmarried adult as not normal
A person from a family with bad reputation will find it difficult to find a
partner
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Hinduism
Hindus consider the unmarried adult as not normal because of a mental or
physical problem
Zambian Tradition
With regard to unmarried people, the Zambian traditional and modern
attitudes are much the same. Unmarried adults are despised.
People conclude that they have defective reproductive organs
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Hinduism
The husband loves his wife and cares for her needs and the needs of the
family
The wife submits to, and honours the husband
Islam
The husband loves his wife because she is one with him
The wife submits to her husband, but there is no sense of being a slave
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Christianity
The husband loves, respects and cares for his wife
The wife loves and obeys her husband
The wife is considered equal to her husband before God
The husband is the head of the family
Adultery
Definition: A sexual affair between two people whilst at least one of them is
already married
Read Exodus 20:14; Malachi 2:14-15; Leviticus 20:10; John 8:1-11.
Jesus taught that looking at someone lustfully is adultery in God’s eyes,
Matthew 5:27-28
Fornication
Definition: A sexual affair between unmarried people.
Read 1 Corinthians 6:18; Ephesians 5:5; 1 Thessalonians 4:3-7
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Zambian Tradition
Adultery is generally forbidden and culprits are fined heavily. In certain
situations adultery is allowed. A man may sleep with his dead brother’s
wife, to ensure children for the dead brother. It is also allowed for a man to
prove his manhood, although this rarely happens.
There were a lot of taboos and rules aimed at preventing boys and girls
from fornicating. However, in some cases, elders insist on a young
committing this act before marriage.
Hinduism
Both fornication and adultery are forbidden
Islam
Adultery is punishable by stoning
Many Muslim marriages cannot take place unless the woman’s virginity is
proven
Fornication is prohibited
Christianity
Both fornication and adultery are sins
Offenders are excommunicated from the fellowship of the local church
Polygamy
This is a practice of having more than one wife
Solomon’s many wives many wives made him turn away from God
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Divorce
This is the dissolving or cancelling of a marriage
It is forbidden in the Bible.
Others believe that the exception in Matthew 5:32 refers to sexual
immorality before the actual marriage.
Read Matthew 1:18-25. In Jewish culture, engagement was just as binding
as marriage and to break this contract required a divorce
Read Deuteronomy 24:1-4
Read Matthew 5:31-32; 19:3-9
God hates divorce. Read Malachi 2:14-16. Read Matthew 19:8. Moses only
allowed divorce because of the “hardness of man’s heart”
Hinduism
Polygamy is not practiced
Divorce is forbidden
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Islam
The Quran allows a man to have up to 4 wives, as long as he can support
them
This was done to spread Islam
This helps prevent adultery
Divorce is allowed in cases of adultery
Marital Disputes
Causes are – inability to have children, incompatibility and pressure from
relatives
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Modern Zambia
Children generally respect and love their parents. This is more evident in
rural communities
In rural areas, traditional customs and practices are more carefully followed
than in urban areas
In towns, customs and traditional values are more easily abandoned.
Foreign culture has more influence on the rich traditional culture and family
life
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Faith in him would divide families for and against Him, and against each
other.
Islam
Children are a gift from God
Parents train and discipline their children
Children respect and obey their parents
Children are responsible to caring for old parents, especially their mothers
Hinduism
Children are a gift from God
Parents train, discipline and give spiritual guidance to children
Children respect their elders
Children are guided spiritually by observing religious traditions and
celebrations
Zambian Tradition
Read Topic 10.1
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References
Biography.com
Pinterest.com
Freebibleimages.org
ECZ RE Grade 12 Book
Geography.name
Gsfdcy.com
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