•

HIGH MARKS IN CIVIC EDUCATION (FROM GRADE 10 TO 12)

"" ...- .
CONTENT

GRADE 10 TOPiCS
CONSTlT11nON ~. ._._•• .~_ •• ii
GOIIERNAa: Sl5lEM ftZAM8101' Vt
OT!ZEHSHP_ _.__ _ViI
ROUCFT1tADmOfU.LUAOERSIHGOVBtNANa -1
INTROOUCTION TO Hl.JMAH IttGIfl"S • 1
COIoRWTION • 6
lNTROOUCTlON TO QJlTllltAL ST\JDIES. ~ • .,_." H •• 13
••

SUIl:.TANCEABUS£_. , •. . • • •.• --22

GRADE 11 TOPICS
OYIl.SOO£T1'AHOIrllEDM.IN~_ 11
ECONOfoUCANOSOClALotvn.oPM£NT_____ • .___ _34
MAJOR IN'lBtMAl'lClftAl HUMAN RIGHTS INSTIIUMEHTS.. .. 40
IN7lIOOUCTlON TO THE ZAMBIAN l£GAl. S1Sl'tM- •.••• ._•• _. __ .• •• _410
INTRODUCTlCN TOTHE PROCESSES IN THE ZAMBIAN UGALSYSTiM-••.•••.•• ...
HNANOJUOSEDUCAnoN _ __.__ _ --53
ACULTUAEOfPfaa; __.____ 56
s0041 OUllJ£Nc.ts _ _-59
GENDatIEQUJTYANDlQUAUTY 63

G1ItADE 12 TOPICS
THE ZAMBIAN S1U c.: RlGHTS ~._. __. ~~. __.. .__. .61
FA!Mll.YLAW__ _ .74
DE'VllCl"MENTIo'lANtUt,,::G_ _ .____ • ~ _ID
POVDn"YINZAMIIA _~..-94

EM\llROfIIMElfTALEI)lICATIOIN-.__ __. •• __M

6l.C6AllSSUB- •.•_. • ~1.05

REVI....lON QUunoNS AND AHSWERS... •• ..•_ •... ~ __ ~. ._._ _ .U7

R£fI:RION<TS • • ~ •._ _ _ .-134
HIGH MARKS IN CIVIC EDUCATION (FROM GRADE 10 TO 12)
••
•
•

• Conditution _ _ rules ....... by .. pal'tImi;u oadety and acree to be E).ooled by UM!m

• It" . . . " ... ~~ of NW iI pai'" .... !W;I'CietyhM a(l zed to be p e..oed tIT •
• It Is UM! hiehesC a-- of tt>e land

•
•
L W!1ll>t1'ComdMIon
• This: Is a type of constltutian in whidI..-.s or p 0.1 1 is ate ~ in iI ~ doa.-.,L
W 'iuel, constItutlon hM iI numbe' of tIlIerits;and dill,*, jts;.

• It 15 ~, and definit1l
• 1"eopIe ..... ~ and ...... t.idtbe -..eancl functions of udI orpn of ~Cl: .emn~t
• I: QlWIQIt WeMIlylH'ID ded (~to suit populwernotio<~,
• ttis dear and ""',' C iIIlk*- dthens.e:Rlo! to prot/'I' by rn6nc'

D" .... ib CIf M'ltt81 mnstilv!fott

• The powt. s of lnU'Oll"ItaUoI1 ;If!l :llw..", wittl the 1I.1d"1Ci¥v on the I\I~
• The l~ m.., intefl)ret the rules wrongly
• It c o ~ all the I'Vtes and IdNs In ill sin«le document
2.. Ul!woltta. Coo,AihotiQo.

........,
ThIs the type of ttM constilulioft whew its pOfislot... or rules _

Thil ...........crn 1IUinty , , ~"ds on a:stomI;

""" •• It"",. in it sl..a.e
8ofta1n Is.., e:ump&ellrith:sutha constfWtkIn. ",,=c.~r. oerQ;n il;ems In tfM BrItIsh
Constitutlon _ wrtncn such as the BOl of Rlchts ar;d Aa af scnse.... mt

Merits of unwritten constitution

rt Is" ., I~ -.d us8y dwlCCd l~i_,dedltosuh:tt..-enew~

__ oroc;c:urn:f\~.
It Is doe best .... uwcq;lECtIed Ii'lleo ee-odes 1IIIit:h:Nt breaJcift& Its fnIl1e ........
tl:poE.e4.U~by,.~~popuIaTd~

Ocnwo,ltsolUnwrittftl ~

You QIVlOl: nad and ..,odc.s.und It, the,.,loo e, ft bel.omes clIfflcvlt to be IftiIoSteI"ed
It Is 'lIft'YI.ln$l4IbIe, since It ell" mallollc at <any time
It depoendJ on the customsl'lOton Wfftten doc:IImo.nt:forwrfflc:otion "nd~"

"
 I .
HIGH MARKS IN CMt EDUCATION (FROM GRlU>E 10 T"'~2)

,-
,

3. f!exilile Constitution
• This Is the type wtli<h .... n be e~y dla'W'd or am"nded
• 11: does not need rnuny nequi"'l'l>eflts for it to be c:hal1p!d
• Juna slmple majority 1" the Parilamentcan change It

• It Is e<lslly changed to suit and meet: I:he e~es

• It "llows new <:ol'lIrenient ideas to be Ioduded In the rules
• It is more demoa3tk by consistent changing to suit people's den,;mcts

• ff'eqlfflnt ~t1ng m<>kfl$ peop~ 1o,,", confidence and tn.Ist

,
•
•
........"
It ~ 119t ful!y follow 'the PTIl1dple of Det'llOQ'acy sinl;(' even a "in>ple _Jorir1 manses It In

It Is not !<bble •
4. RfRld Cgov;tiW'doD "
~
,
This is OIl<: that cannot be elt'SlJy ,,,..ended i
•
~ It can only be .. m.....sed by a Constituent Assembly. N'iltional Con5tiurtbnal Confen:!llt:e and
Referendum

Merit of a Rigid conrtltution

V It Qln only change by special pr<:>cedures, hence, nO one c;>n <.h.."ge ittosult an Indlvldual

Oemll!ritsofa RIgid conrtltution

.;. It ~ not repre$ent;,nfye enour;h In a l>emoa;ocy

-:. 11>e United Stiltes of America I>lI'S this constitution
,;>t
STRUCTURE AND CONTENT OF THE; l.AM!1AN CONSTfTUTIQN

V The 1996 CQnstltution beg)n with .. Preamble

v This 1TIQ3t>S an Intmdl'rtloro to the actual tlOCUmetlt oftbe o:>M: h~n
... It exploliruo tt.e "i...... and pi<rpose of the wnstit>Jtion and £<)'oIenln> .... 1
-:. It also ~es that we. peoople of Zambia must Fnltlmaln zambia :r.;; a !~J&n nate. and 'that
zambia sttall fofev<l!r ~ a Unitary, multiparty and oemoaatic Slat~.
-:- A ~gn sta'te I~ one wl'ridl NIes Itself and not foreigners

iii
 HIGH MARKS IN CIVIC EDUCATION (FROM GRADE 10 TO 121
. -
"STRtS:!t1BE'WJl:j1i QSM!ID!N WM! 11 Q IKOlN
-

V. THe"t£GtStATURE

lO. S[IMCE CClMMI$SIONS ComrnissJc)r.s, PL' I"," bws and

p,utao:tIon -;;;-~
XL HUMAN ltJGIfTS COMMISSION Its esu~ EshtMnt" "Ldep",,,c~.
kii'ctlO.... pe LIS, g ) ~ it>d

(0
. ,
The constitution of hmllia is mocIeledl aIotlc the Njgwlan censticutlon of 1963
.;. This _ based on 195CnEUI"C'pPft Conwc.ltlol, for the- P'o:.ectk>i, of H....-. Rlchb ilrod frM:Som
<- n-.QJtlt_~ .. gltd~nR$tlb
,:,. They ~ ;r>(0I pooated in most Cuo'Hf,_rWUltll countr\e$
(0 In 1964,ZlImbia l~ NOI'them Rhl-od1l51a!NR)wlf-s-:rnment QlnstItutlon of 1963
 HIGH MARKS IN CIVIC EDUCATION (FROM GRADE 10 TO 12)

I _ ... Tnis"-b;l~"lrItereSts
dtWNt. peosKe

o
.........
.
-> Sllke 1964, bmbb hallad "....,e-.stitu6on;ol Re,c.
Con:otitvtion
1. ChcwI<o ReIok ... Commlt.s<on (1972)
<- This was a second republIc
~sions(CRCs)to Iinprvw!ttM

....•- -> hs QUI'QOSe was to recomoTli!Od one-q;II r.W.st:rte establishment

q It banned aU ot"-< poIItk;Il parties u~QPt UMI'
0> At this time, e1-..1 .. tivitiesWfl1! _ ~lre<

~ EJecui>Mweremo.. p'loc·S Itit:lilrYt'u...

" PlebiKite me_ tl'le typelJf -me to Ay YES er NO
.;- n.ottlernamefor"",t: 'teislkft;.rnd"""

2. M Y u n p ~Rerlew CGmmlAion (19911

-> This _ . the INn:l repulIlk
<- It '«..",m.."d.... multi:1>W\'I de" :C.'I

l. Mwanotkatwe RevIevt Commisl;iotI

";- "RKOmllleliOdft"" q,,~litlCOitiOll"Torjm,nCI,nt"In1",,,W'eritull 4te<tlons"to oril.,.tI'UJe Whose'bOtt
Pnents WEre born In Zilmbla
4. Mu.... ombiI Re¥klw Commlsslon 120QS )

-
'" ~ the II5e of the sltlde ~ber Majorit.llrbn system lso.1)
<0 Tl-.draft cotlStiNtion has not yet been I~ ptadtJ,lonuary,2013)

•,
<Co This muns the j I i _ of appo""lo . . the copy IJf ill ~ ~
(. n-.. __ two metloocl:s of adop~-'8 the ~
l. Thlllil.llJl'l hl'llament: the dnf:: constttuI:ion Is tHelI to IArl~ w~ '''''' memben of
O'Irtiilment WWte on the drlI'ft constitutIorl before~ bmbla hOlS used this
Od

... U.
three times (In all the tI1re- Cootnsdtutlon,,1 RevIew ComInlssionsJ.
Constituent Assembly lCA): tI'l~15 It 11 beefy of repr-ewmll1lw!s elected by'ttlelr respealw
on, alUm",.
irteresI: croups to torll'M.lloilte, _mend"a.- aoopt .. tonstltU':lOn
~presenliltIYa .re dr;tWtl fro,", dlurd>e!i. \eonIi,. lnstt.;utions, trad..... lIons .. nd student

Xldi~. 11I1s i,octllOd Is more<de:,,-.-.;md more flNUUrabletobmbllndtlzens

because It allows dtiIens fro"" ~ groups to be ~''5 lUd. As _:I>. It irt....... from
co, em'M,it Int& fa "'lOe or co.'ItI"OI

~of,"p>od~

-:- It JnUSt be dear. ThIs me;,mtl1e 1allCua~ usecllJlU5t t. $ltnple ,r.:IngI _I«fu!lal to be
unde,stl:c>d by dlj&;,iS
<0> Must:not: be "cid to 1:. ... "'01: d>a".e _ _ tIexIble1o"U_ _ ,_ '?'y cfworlllr:
<0 Be nable <and stand the test of time

,
HIGH MARKS IN CIVIC EDUCATION (FROM GRADE 10 TO 12)

0;. ;>,ote<tantl ,e:spoo6to~._

,

...lie WIIl~ neebsdfetl:::ul

.
-:- ~ter fonhe Int..,,1!Sb oharious sroup:s in societ~
<> PI ob;c:ts the rlgtlts of ~ •
•
<> It p'lA.lUtl!!S.,nd pruteds the Ruleofl.aw
(> ~ttle~lrllf\t:5anc!.....
_ ~,~
.. af~ •
.:- EMUrc:s do!omoc,atic ~n«
(> GNes . . .I.....,...tunl.tiI!sfor~lde~

GOYEflNANg: SIST'EM IN lambi,

, .j' 11c.,e<"Ol'r, tNecok>nial ~on bl''''Cht", n_~tem dlCO'"erno,.e." in~mbQ. All thE
~ lItiders _ ............ ,ted bytlw.-" in Erct->d- ThIs: _ bad beQu;e tlm~
_ ... not ln~ In the dIoosl!'ll !Cif Natlonal leaden

GQQp GO'rolNANa

.;' Good rovemance 1IIeImS:;I gov<Jn'll't>eftt\IIhM::h Is in aL:th:lrity b ~ MId ..... pe«!

demoa;llt!c po',o>cJPoe$loUth *5 rospectlrc ljoe "'leof bw.and human rl&hts
-I' Atood&CJ>e".,..m:shouId be ....... tk>td "tbmlly. Sl;l'Iool, commun~and national levels

" It ~b/es c;itiz<'0$ e<tiClY" f\IlI human rights-ncl~

,/ It malt~ lOVern~ _ntab!e
., OtilO!l'lScan_outN 11rswtla fall to peO'fooll'
., lIt..... Qf.t-I.1s ~l'd.
./ Anyone haJ the right to contribute t"....:)I'ds "",king of wnstltutiOll
ill
-:- 5epar.Itioro of powetS: Ihk means that the three orsms of go~.nme.. t lExecutivl!!, ,kd"ci"..., and
Let:lstablre} must work independl.ontlY butmll5t dleck I!adl other to lell! IfWOTkII1ll"':x:ordin,g to

"'""'w
... Chedi:sar.d Bal:anD!'S: this lswhere rt>e 'udidary, ~tive and le&islltua: check Of' n"h oth~IO
promote democral;c~
.;. PorrticaJ TDloma.-: ~tn$ that people with different political op1r.lorls must be "bIe to freely
express their views
.:. The Ru~of Law: ttd$ me<lllS noone lsabove the law. All those in pOWler must rule al:c:ordlng to
the c.onstitutlon and othoer laws of the country.
.;. Fail1Ml'is''thl$ m ......ns \:h:ll; a good government 5hou1d make sure nO one isexcl"""ed fromaCCflStlJ
any public service for reasons of gender, mental or physil::;ol disabi!lt'j. No any region must be
discrimiBilted by the government
<, tteJpful and cari"ll': a good government should be helpful and care fa.the interrm ufdtlzeru at
home and Itbnnod.
... Edsteme of political plll'tfe5: there shoUld exist and oper.tte undet' dl!!l1lotr.Jtk prhuip/leS. They
..w,,,
also promote checlc.s and balarw:es
.:. ~gular. tree and fair elections: a flood sovemmem should hoIve periodic: free and fair elections
v Attountablllty and transparency: iKODUnnblllty IYleiVIsth;rt leaders ~;hould bea~e",bletome
citizens who elecWd them into offi~ T"",sparency means publk ""iOUrces must Illi used for
sovemrnel'lt and o:>mmun~ pragrnmmes in consultation between tl1~ g<nNlmment and the
citIlens. The~ should be openness in the use of public re5Or,lI'Cfl.

... "', ~ ~ B<l'VClm;armlmeans a £OW'fTlIllCflt whidl dOIl!$ not foHow democratic prindples tudl as not

- <-
*,-
rapectill£ human rights aMlme rule oflorw and is notlll!£ffimate. Tlle followlnS are the
cbaractel istIcs'
Ladl of S<ipar;ltJon Qf powers
....ck of citizen p.artidpatk>n
No!:Bk>tt of public we:tfMll!
II'n!£UtlIr and unfal. electionS
*-, No freedom of PI'e;S

-" ,- Restrictiofl of polltlcal activities

*<- IrK>lation of huma" rig:ht!:

Judiciary Is not in~pendent
.:. Arbilr.lry arrest

flECTQRAlrn~

0} These,,~ methods by which citlzens chose their leadll'!"S Or representat~ ...es

", T1lere "re four main methods used by different c.ountrie:. around the wo,r1d
0} The table ~ilf :.howl; the table few the I!leetoral syst,~ms

'"
 •
•
WCTORAL SYSTEM •
1. ~ ~~Pl~S'fa...'TI
ISMPS)orfirst hst'rhe l'osl: IfPTP
•
•
3. P'..,....r.iOMl Rapr mtHionill
S"'~
""

Cl!l7fNO!HIP

.;. OtizllMl'tip Is the ~tiQnship betweEn an ~ (citiuotl) and: the u.o:e he or dw: ~0flSI to.
.:- A dtiUfI is 'lI """,mb8 of state who enfoys a_the ri&t<ts J!nd prtvr.edet> Ifl"lU'd by h: ilnd is ilbR b>
p«form d ~t1el of the stlltll.
';0 Al!e&bnce lnh" readineu of • citlun to protect his or her c:ountry In times of threilt and be able
to do t:ho!= d'IIties of ttoe wuntry

CltileMl\ip MM T-. AsP""""

1. Legal upeCl;
,) Hete.. citlrero is 'eclllP.lsed by the law$a.nd h"orshe must rea:i'", the protec.tillll m.m
hi5 ttlIte bodl witl'lift the sbtli! and "c.d
-> A citinn .......... the lqal ~ mwt mpytoQll fl~ fn)m pnlJltrty ilnd poIllic.M
rights;. When one 11 • uses this fleedo<n. an IndholdulIlls b!)le for persealtlon

-
2. M~ inpeet
-:. This """,,,ns thM a C::tiIlen must " - I 'iefI!i<I of re5POfIsibillty to fuIflllall d~ C....." by

....
.... This Includes the dl.lty to obey the bw.-.cl ddeiod the country
';0 ~I aspec;t
also enco"""p$. citlHn to be soell"odlsclplined.nd ' - 5tlfoQClntr,,1

v
..........
... He ora must h.;tve good and honoralt ~ tu the SUIte ;,nd tt.., family he or !h•

~. the cithM ~ the rlIhtli~nby t:ho!= s:atIt I~ dtfendircthecountry

 ~ .lIn ar.e" Is ill person 5UYl"l:1tl ill c:ountry whld'l;s not his or ~own. "." country, In wtdd'l .....
~~n Is found. is known u the host country.

.- ~ AA allen does not .njoy i1B the rI&hts such illS.ItOtinC

v H~r. all kxeiCN!1'$ enjoy dvlI rCha
.:. An alien should obey ~ rIM' f\llfts; of the hos": W\II1try. ViMn an ;I~ isc:on6llcb him;eft or
.... wlf. try lOOt ~ the rt*s of the COUl'ItTy $l.Idl as payinc Tu, Ql' &hi can boI do"""ted to

---.
his or her ....... CXIUfttly
•
--
....
.> 'T1'IouP an ~ ~Id rwtT"" as. duty, heorsho! Is net d ~ ~ Qke H'Il'lSto ~efel'ld the

~ L
<0- T1l_~twotypl$Gf dtlzendtlp, ~.1YtwaIdlizeilShlp..-:l uwnllud citi>e:<o1'Iip
H~Citiun
•

~- v One an becomoIl a nlIW.... dtiun tl'IrDl.1Ch two ",16

a}Thel'\l~cJfJus~
b) The Nle of.lussoli
* A ~tur.lJ r:itiZ1:f\ who becames a citizen througto bei"ll born in a c:o.."uy or~s brine
born 1n ~ countrydyOUZ'own
~
v Rule of Ju=; So6 (placeof birth): thls role stnesttNlta penan bec:onlleS. citlzltn through the
~abll! to
placeol birth. For el«lmple, zamblan ~rt!nts lhingin South AfriQl, when th~ civo, birth to a
child, that child Is South African by BIrth, hence, she or he Is '" ddzcn of South AfI1ca.
_able
'to R~1e of Jus ~nguinls lbloocl relation}: thiS rule mites ttlM dtI.en$l'.19 depends on blood
",latioMhip. This mun. that dtl:tenshlpdepends on where one's l~rents were bum from.
For"""mple, Z.llmb~n parent$: llvlng In~. ttw dllld they bawls zambian becal.lse
rn.. parents ..... Z;ambians. In _ (:OUntr\e;~"" dual ~rr.:hl~ Is al~. an iftd.iy;d~l

.... can belong to two aHMltrl6 thtouth the appliation of the hAlo Mes..

... -0- Tlreoefole. when you area dU-.. throu&h one oftheaobove rule. and tiwn you;on, a ....tural
""'""-
1. Naotumaed C1ti-'tIp
... A .... turHzed dtl~ Is a ~ 1IIIIl\o Kqui~ citizenship of a host countJ'y thn:UCh
meeq certaill NIB..
.by o "--eo, under ttlls Nle, there an: four m;ojor rulti 00' jlri~scl naoturaonze.d dtiU.tA>ip
a) Rule "" r41 'ICe: this statestbat"lOll'len ... _ _ I'vesin a host country few a c:ertII~ ~ of
time, he or.ne Qn appty to . ; '... a cJtlzen of doaI: country If wishes to. FOO" Gal '+k, an
alien in Zambia can apply to bII a dtiIen after ~ In zambia for 10 yUI"S and;ab;Ml!
• bl MlII"1ia«e: this c:orod/tioll allows a <.-.se to aa:,ui~ dtluiiRIl;l of the .... or the ltu<baond..
-:- It host country tan demand ttl. nfdmc:e of cood ch;orac:tu boefon! al~ an alien to
have titi1e<.wp
-> The hO:it ~ INYalso find out tlM alien's -.ea!tl'l prof~lskins and the sdi In the
oft'kiallaol'lgUage of the .... tIon.

,.
 c) Prindploeof~""I:ion_a~torm
(Jo Thl~requn--s oIIn .. l~n tIJ fill In a prncrlbed appliciiltlon fonm. itnd provide ~

v
<.
TheaGen _wen
dOQ..nenU dec.larlnc thiIt lie os:stN! _nu to .pply ~ dtlzenship Erflbe host COl,lntr,"

pUblish Morher~lionin~dilily"..llne.lpaF ~.
U"derthi$ prin<:lple, an .llen an become a ....turaHllld cltizr:n of the host country

_.
of) R~undatiotI of p ~ dtluuship
<. Thisnequln:5 .... aroeft applyio. for citiZltnshipto C1w up hll or he" Pft'rioI.lS
citlunlhip and take an oath of al1eeiilnce of" the host et:>UfItI1", ThIs Is knoWn as

-C. A natunou.d dtiz,MQfI ~ be p;trtial or etIInpIete•

•:. Partial cltlnnlhlp is a typewhere III dtlren does no:. enjoy all the richts and
prl.ikdf;u of doe country. For e>Wnf>It. M Of" sbe h;}s Ml ri&ht t o _
-:> Complete dtiuMlMp is a type which allow.l a dtiz:en to otniCl'j all ttw ri£trts. il'ld
prlviledl~ I" the state.

v A person who has been orcllnarily a , ..... "e<11 of :bmbiillOS a fore1cner for III continuous p6locl of
not ...... u-. 10 years, can apply for hmbioIIn citia.lShlp.
.:- A pel'lO" wh_ piI ..."ls ~ bom In bmbllll

-:- Gr.,. National Re:tirtntlon card (NRC) which isobt:ain~ at the age of 16 Y'!ars..

... kquiri".I a _ dtile,bhip of a!'>Ol:lM!l' cou"uy and ~ thl! Xambi ... Citizefllhlp.
-C' Cotnrnittit>r: a SIerious alnIe.

Ifone:

.> b COO'ItifluoIal'y absent from !be hoMe lUte for alone period of lime:
-:- Ta~ up employmerlt llnder. foreilln pve:mment
.... Gets married to a foreia:ne'r and such a per50fI dedde$ to acqul.., die dtl.tenshlp of the 1l'OVSfO.

". lives up to de,,-. Mic principles such as votitI.I hone:ItIy.

". Be ai>lo:' to COI>tribute _rds natlonal ......lopment
,I li'lte'llipnc.l!: to undl!~ndthe interests of the community
". 5eIf..control, thll ~ te"'" to de> ~ 1:hifC$ tNt CMI an.ct the community

•
.,.
-,. .I eo.,.,~ ...... which means ! . h e _ of le ~ oMoboTlty towanh the CO<'I:I'tlUI'Iity wch u~-....
"It tto. duties of the country
.I '-"cc; the ~ to stilnd ~ inr wben doin& duties of ~ .... tion
.I ~fo#law

Empathy; havq~fofo~~IIytl:e
• .I wulnenble•

•• .I Ptisewe,anc;e: wllli<cn 'if to ;I~ ~ral times continuously to a::o:omp!isft the In ~

.I Pab ""!ism: Iowe fOf' _'s country by observil18 all the ..;dues and princistlti of the oo:onuy.

D!J!TES AND RI:WONS!BlllTlES OF A CJlmN

•
- The duties and ruponslbllities are divlded Into person"l and civi(. dlltie$:

.I T~CQlr.ofonKetf
.I SUpportitlj - ' . f....l y
.I AdtMrinl to MOnIIs, principlti .net w.lues ofone"sso6ety
.I ~ the rl&hts .. nd lilt... ests of others

Ooric~

.I Obeyinz the ' -

.I Prtin& QJta
.I Res, e:ti1lC the richts of ~rs
.I hnicipatint in cMc actMtiel; sud'l1S -me
.I Pel'fllrmfnJl publk ~
.I Milinu,1n1nc and ~ the secwttv of the n<ltiOll

FACIOflS HINOERING GOOD CIIlZ[NSH1P

.I Pg!ttrtx: SUtc of being POGrwtlo:re d~nl fail to tal.>ean iKtMl role r.. nation" afRlrs..
.I Y"-1tnel;,: 'thIs means th.lIt citil:ens lire &Ne" very little chance In o;rtional affillrs.
.I W>99m: lhestate offailing to dlfferent\ilte bet"cc:' ri;gh1: and WI'DIlI.

- .I lndltt!rfPlCf or lack of consciou8lU$; Ind"Niduitls bei:lll on1'y conrerM~ about their bt.onefIts from

.I
.I
the sute ~ tt'le opense of O\:her.l..
s.w.....tr'tfS!; a P""OlI nooti'o~bysdf-in~wem public I"tij)onsibilities
Dm:mi" th! elKhgl ¥le"'; citizens U...., noU>i.:\iN'"", in the ele:tonol system, tenet. no
inter1!!st in M~ ~
,/ MisiI'lfo!J'l'\lSiorl bY the meer,,: New pl~ ....... telerislol • ....:Ilnternet m;tytwlstlM fxuor
IllforrMtlon sudl tI\;ot dl:h>e"s ...."" Id lInytMtg CUi 'ea!, .m -..--ted&NbIY'.
..I' Admin;'tlJ1jM:; jo"R'O'''''lCn>; this meilnsto~UlC politk3l and ~ lnstlM;ion 011
ordl!l" to fultJl the wish"" of 'ttle dtizen$.. Ctl~s must be wel1lnfenned about thfo welfan' ofthe
c.ountry and must be involved In the cans:tit\.ltlor INIlcinc pt'OC@SS..

", "'oral 'tl!!l!d!ft; citlftns must be ~11yand moentalty motiv;I1e'd for them to do the duties of
...
the natlan effectlllely. For eo::lImp!e, provIslQft of wide ed\-=ortIon opporl..In~ties.
J' SlabiBty and J ~ thi:; inwolws the ew.bIIstolMflt of wcurlty, 5Ubillty a MI justit:e _ures by
..,.. den and Clt" 1.:1., Citi2ens shO\olkl QfTy out CIJfIIml.Ift!tl pi o;+ec:b for M>dal and ewnomio:
cJ.tvNpment,

..I' Righb ite enlitleme.'lt:i 01 . . indlvidtul b'I virtue' of beinc huI'rIan. They are di~ into ~:e
(ategorle£
•
I. ~l riC/l'::!. which Me e<ljoved by individUilb III the Sl.i>tl" 0( ~ sudl as the riI:tot to

li. """
Moral rl£ht$ .lfe ttlose :iKlmowledged by the moral ~se of lhoe u:wl1munity. hel>Ol!!, ar!!' not
legal. Thus, no ~alaetion earl be taken ifthisrithl is lriolatecL For~~, a Teacher h35
the Moral rl&ht 10 be respKled by the pupils and ......muni:.,. at I_ee-
Iii. legal rii::l'd3arethme pli¥;lqesp.en by 'l>'4l!mI.",ntofa .>ationiRd~teedby it in
the ((Institution. Any ltiolation, leg;ll xtion call be taken. The police and the Judiciai.,. 1
ensu~ ~ are ~ron:ed. 1'hefe are three kM'Ids of legal lights:
1

CMf Rlzhts
..I' The
PoIItlcaI ~-.- . .-
"cm to ~""'+--'J''''~~,"~;;::_;;;;:-
- - - - , ECOnolnic: Aichts
..I' RiCht
-===.,
to~' -l
safety and fTeedom '" Right tD beIotIg to a .I'~t to earn o.dequate
'" Right to family pglitiall party W3&es
'" Righlto EdUYtion " Right to be votl'!d for im ,/ R;ght to reaso;.ab!e ho..r
.;' Ri£hl: to pr~ d.'foce riaht to aitici:e of......:ri
./ Right to.ludk:ial ~
sat'ee......ds
.;' Righ.t to ass.emhlV and
ass.oc:iatiDn
./ Ft ~doltl of ...,jean

SPECU!l GROUPS
.;' These _ (ll'OUpS of people with specjaI r-m sucto as Itf!fuaees, unemplov~ yoo.:ths, d>i!dren,
1trH1 kid'! ~ ~
v R~fYl!ees' a Refu&ee is a person as a result of fear of he:1'llI pers«vted on the &rounds of
r:;o<:e, reli&ioo. elhnicity and politlcal opinion or nationality is O"Asido: his or he<' country to
seelc ~ -.d heedut •• in ~ O'Jta'ltry. The countries ~~ r ~ _found are
known iI5 countries of asylum. An as'l'lum muntry ~d protect tl'Ie refugl"flS and prcwidoe
 ......
·~ ACKHO~EDGE~ENTS

. My spt."G1a1 tl\allks go to my precious SSvioor, /he lm:! JCSC!. Clubt vmo grJ(~ me the
gtaOO to contJibute to UIe cle\tclopmel1! (,)f Molhel Zambia th' >l,;9h oclUcatlOfl 1 extand
my special thanks to my two chi\d£en GoodWlt.~ <:ad Noran.

-'" I am lIelY gratuful \n M~ SJKA(')NQA. and MISS H:ACHlLA. Civic Edl.lC3'\lO:1 teactlU:~
kif prepa:i........ .-AS boorJk HIGH MARK.S in C!'nC EDUCATtON.

• am al$o graLlul (0 31:.RTHA MWENYA KAMEKAIA fur t)1:l;]~ :;ome d1;mses l=de to
tile anginal C09Y.
i- Let me as ....-(>/1 1'TlCmt;oll my gratitud<> to UIC temJ1crn and bl ,;"v..lals for lhu:r advlo£.
en=o..tI'a9emerJ: aoo _ ... 0\I'eIr the years. My gracte One IJ taachef MH.. Ngoma.
"00 (Twa~huka Primary School, Chamboli, Ktwf!) Mr Nkos. (OapJt'; Head Kauno:la SqU,llC
Primary). Mr. Cnan<1:l rNoodlands 'A' Primary) Mr. Mush':ll'gll (Deputy H!~l(l Romo
~~
~ .... Cins). Mr. Zulu I. (S! Pauls Chlpeta) Mrs. Ka;:Wla (Mumaf1<' Primary). Mr_ '<.alelemba
(Head Chlfldwini f'r".mary $ch<xlt and Mr. Muzmgu ChlN wSli Secood<l,y Scht>ol.
Kabwe. :onnely of i\ral<an Juniot) Mr ZUlu (late) (Ng'Ofl1-,e Primary SChool), Mr
11: in
Nyangu. (Now Mlendere Primary School), Mr SkJllIe (Hef..d '::a,issa Kab.,nan<l, Mr
Sllllaslku (l"ormeny Deputy I-'.ead Nyumb<l Yallga and Mat."IE'rm:tic.& Teacher St Mary's
Sec:oncIwy SchooQ, Mr Mukul>JI"IlWa (Director AilIha PJtljeo :'ict'IooI Ngo',.mbe), Ml"
Kakungu (CtJakunk\l1a Primalfy School'). Mr Mbewe (St "'auls Chi?al:a) Adfje;;
(Kabulonga Boys SeGondary School). Mr NjlY.JIIU (lip-ad Ptir. e~ Takamandn, Oaulom).
formefy Held KaOwaw. Deputy Head David Kaunda Nati( "OIl Technical Soeond~
Sd"oo:)l art(! Woodl:and$ 'A' Primary), also my fonner Gaon'e:rical and M;:Ilhemat.ca:
,. Or<No"lr.g (GMD) T ~ at OKNTSS Lusaka), Mr. Je;:m K.1!aUl. Lamedr.. John• ..!eft,

... Fc,ix, JO"-'CIflll, Gcm)<::I, Junior, Pa3tors ~bsvku, Ga\l;;;:la :lIId Cllungu_ My formo~
teaching coHcag:ues at Chamba Valley Open Secondaly ~ <:lOQ/ and Ai! hl) Proi*<;l
SdlI.>ol. Mr George:-.fktwwani Edl!'or UNZA Press 3:nO Mr. K wlu fo:mer he<!dleOlChor

''''''''
Finally, my sincere !h,~oks go to all the ptlpi\s cnd paN:~1' rt'U1Tll:lIV\IS to l'nentiolr'l ill
va1ious p1ao;~ who :rI one way or 8l'lOther have oontnbuted '0 thIS pubh~on and the
gl"lJWth of Morgan Pubiic:ation:s-. And those V/t!o noticod $0. IC misulkee ;1\ or.r. l:afhef
pubhcations and a<.".... ise vs to make COfl(.'CtIon:! and eIICll trn.l'Il:! who positIvE-I)' Clitia:ted
~.

'Of
,00

-
~
 PREFACE

GRADE 10, 11 and 12 CIVIC EDUCATION VOLL:l'IiE 1 is deSigned 10 provide

extensive knowledge in Civic Edu~tion to pupils ••nd candidate-" ?n~paring for

Grade Twelve (12) and GCE examinations. This rrY~ans lhat this book. is meant

for Grade Ten (10), Eleven (11) and Twelve (12) a~; the book covers the whOle

Civic EducatiOn Syllabus.

The book comprist.>$ four parts nameiy:

• Grade 10 work

• Grade 11 work

• Grade 12 work

• Revision questions with answers

Wishing you ltIe very best in your exams and see you in higher jn~.titubOns of

Ieaming.

Please be responsible and study hard, you are Z,:unbi.!"t; hope for d~'Nelopme!1t.

,
 ~~g!; ma~ks in Civic Educati9;1 (From Grade 10 to 12i ...
ROLES Of I!lAOf!IONAllEADEBS IN GOVERNANq

HOUSE Of Q!IEfS

./ This conslm of 27 I;raditlonalleadel'$. Each of the pro... in~e's In ZalT.bia elect tt,ree
traditional '"den; ~ represent them il'l the hou!-e ofthiefs.. With 10 provil\Ces l\OW.
we el(peCt to have 30 chiefs. <

'" The term of offiee for an elected chlef:s 3yeaB. lhen~ after C4l;n ">e re-.elected for ill
seo)l'ld term, but cannot re-<:ontest for a third term
'" The house of chiefs &ct's the chalt pers:m and the viee chairpenon from amollg
..............
Funetlons of the House of Chief~
Discuss bills affming ;ustoms and traeitlcns
Debate and pass decisions Of! ma~ eon:emitlf W$tOm.-lry laws and C.!StoIT\§.,
To discuss and decide on any "'<!tters; referred to it by the pre$icent
Su/Jmit the resolution of the hOl.llie to the president who in tu..-n 5ubml~ them
to the National Assembly.

Problems of the House of Chiefs

.. ft has no rullnfluence on Isst/8 of govemal'lce and devei"pment
.. It also plays an insignitiCilnt advisory role, as an its rewi'Jtlons has 10 be
deb.. ted upon by the N<lti:mal Assembly
.. own afl" no~ allowed to join a pclitical party like members of pa,Cament

lNl1l:00UC!!ON TO IiUMAN RIGHTS

.. HI.lmiH\ Ri!hts are benefits or entitlefllef11s (claims or freedoms) )n inciividUllol has by

virtue of being a human being. All human beings reGardless of sex, colO\lr, rellglon. ace,
natlcnality or social StlJtus have the same I!rltl1:1e",,~nts which he or she should e.1;CY in
the society in which an irtclNicNallNes in.

HISTORICM DEVELOPMENT OF HVMAN RIG.~

Tm!: coneept: of Hum'" RighU ~ not new il zambia for rU:6 '00 laws wtwd\ are dements. of
Human il:ight5 have always e"ist~ and folbwed. V,~ p;lr..s m the ""-arid rewgnuec:l hum,"
rights In the following ways: •

• Religion' the MGoldl!n rule-, MOo umo othf';rs IX ~u WO(J!d hcn'P thtom do ,;nil; )flIJ
summarises; rights aM responsibiities found in c.h.ti~lar. Bible. l~ Hirn::lu Vedas, Islam
QUr.tn, the Babylon13n Code of Hammurabl and tl'l!.' Anaiects of Confucius o! ""'-"'nl
China MVi! Slmi13rsa... i'"'lS~ summ,ri!,ng ti'le righls

- "' • So
_ _ _.:.H:;.igh m~rks in Civic .E~ucation (From_G;ade 1,~!:? :?~L

• <>Ihef doctlmenh rmo:ntlO"iog individual '1",man ;t18"n .1~' IN! Magna c.rt..
a_
of 12\5,
thP charter of Ma<>d~ of 1222, the rfl£li~I'\.BlJl cl R'K:'U c: )!>S9 the freneh ~:tl,;ltio"
on the Rignu of Man ,md Crtiu:n ot ;1789 a!"ld the US co~stitutlor. lind Bit! of ili~,ht~ of
1791- n...reforf'.
I) Tne MllCrn'o Orta Of i2l ~ wil~ lhe edr!ie>t rlccument In 1"'" W'Ufid wn.~1l! h~ma.'
lightS wt"rf' recognil(~d.Magna C.. rta (Latm, "r,rea~ Charter"). doc,JrTlent ~a~~ ~\ Krnl~
John nl England on Ja!"le 15. ] 115., in which he mal'le a ser~ of ;)ronw;.e. le t ,', ~IJIIf'C! ~

Ih..' l hr. '»culd COYf'm EnglllOl1 .100 m-al ...ith hl'!> 1t"Mi'l"" ac{O'rnng to I"" <.u~t",n~ d
fe<ld;:ll law jland l.aws). Over the ~our..f' <If renlUrll!'S, tl'le~ f'rCrTll.e5 hav~ n-<:;ullu;
gOOtemmenu; in Englar.c (and in co Jntr~ ,;'lflupn(cd by (tli1ish Indl\ion) to f~!io'''' tr1l'
law in dealollll with the .... citizens.
2} The Chaner of Mantle of 1222. w.,~ th,' ~"rl,e~r in 4"f,,{<! whe'p. I".u n,'" 'f.h1\
_,e il.ua.ant~ by Sc>und..ata K... t,,«i/1£ (If Mal) who wn abo !<,nown a~ M;IIl<k 1Il,c-.

hoe n;]!T>ed Iht' doc.umcfU the Ch3ner of M31'l(\e ()( :IM! O-llh 01 M;tnde al ....s <:0' C"{'.I'''''
Th" lkxument was wri':lf'n hy eldl!r~, ne,blerr'l'n md aS~l)C\<llion" 01 the <:ountr1 ",no
werl! commi!.s.oot!d bI' lhe lCit1lj: to dl'3w up lhe Pllf:C~ upon VI",rh thf' Mali hflpirp
s.houId be rulrd, Th.os. the pteamDIe of th;" donlmenl St1l"5.lo 0'\ equ."l~W Of H :man
l>emg~ as fOllows: ~"""fY human IfI!' ,$ a life.. rh"f'~ is 110 lifl: m~,p on,.,..n:, <Jr fr>o'"

respl!Ctat»e than an<>r:lCr /!J~ os 1)0 /ile 'S worlhif>r rmm OM>lnN I,(e 'or this '<":150".
ClIery life ~in!J Q lilt, f"",'y damage iflf/,,:rw on" I;(e needs f('P"'''. r'''''~Jmf'. IJtol:m;:~
mcy, withoul r"oscn. 0PP"~t his neig/lloOf, NoU,dv muy do hi~ neighbol'r D 'MO"f),
Nobody moy tor'm.. "'::S anotkt humon ~tng.~ !'hI! c"..n:er ..ho listee! ~a'''r:'''phs
acldrl!'$Sio'lc two l!Yi1~ hun£eI' ane "ita"",, as to lcws: ~hlJnget IS M! Q g~ hiN;
~Iave')' is r'lat" gom} t",jng ""lie'; rh<'<l' is no wO'", , .. ;"mity trOll rhe.SI!' two l;' t11~, in

thi~ wofld A~ Iflng Q\ ~ havr- q!1~ am: """w. '"m"',, w'l1;'IQf /C," cny!)ody " Mn,r/".
(and} nO u,liage WIll ~ ~ rhstmyed b)' ..."'~ t(lll!'h' w,t;, tt~ D.ff: fO £Optu'" ~'afl' .....,
jrom r,,",Jay, oh", W'N wb.~tanr" Dj .sJovery 'S e,odfCC/I"!1 W':"'''' 11;,> l)Ordl"t~ of .... ~,,,",. .•
In ~hort. lne ( h.oJrlef ....... demrlPd <;:;r,,?:,y ..1\01 prOfl,,<;t'(l 10 f!{<ldk 'Ill' i1U !orm~ 01 hung",
!lowever. both lhe Mar-...il Coln" and ct.artM ot M.. ~ w"rf! Th): llnlVf'cI~1 fe,· l~.,
f'cxduded w,)ml'n, ch'ldren. ,I.l\l"~ and ;><>r~(;ns '1' ,prlai" i(1C,al, 'eli8LO"~' "<;001>< 'i· "".1 o

poli!.icaI8rou~.
l) United N3tions Ch.rtK of 1945: human r\ghu il<; Wf! kMw thorm tod..', 'ml"

.!.bout ..ltrf 1nl' Sewnd World 'Nilr when Iho(lI.. s.anr!~ "I lews w"n~ kHll':d ~tlOl')l:<Ij:<;n
beQl.I'oe of R.lic,sm t-v N:ui Gformans. 111" horrifM'd 111f'...noif'. I'tor:d. :!'tll'> GO'.prn,\Cnl.
derided 10 coreI'! lcgf!~:..er and eu"blrsh the Uni"l'rl Natinn<; in 191:.5 te ::'l'onol"
int"',""tional Deal.•' und law il~ 'NC:1 .1' prev'!nt (ontild. They war,ll'(l In ""ciC .',')0(1,·
~ng unjustly deniefllr:'e. Irl'f'd-nm. food, ',he!:!'r and nillltN\ill~y. -'h?-reloa:. "~'l~/<,nt
IndiY>d,",l~ boeitl& ,,1\"'1',1 by lhoelr ;:OV·...ll'Tle"g. t:um<lro rithl' ~t "·,d,,,m. w,·~ d·.u/'

~~.•.'~"~~"_."_"__"'"_"."'"~"'L_""."_ •.._~L'_
= ... = ""-""""
I"rf'p.ored by 104:'-" ~'. M:o<'hil.> (RA ~ Il) .,no Mr. "i•t. •
"Hl~ , '·...1:'· I
 , (From Grad;.J.Q ~o 12]$__.
High mark;> in Civic Education

whi<.h hold 1l<1tlons acwuntable for thl! treatment of its citizens. Thus, the d\;J/ler WJ~
ns. drawn up in 1945.

r:: 4) The United Nations UniYenal Dedaratiol'l of HLlm<In RIghts-l94&: <lfter tne Un~
fQtions men'lber ~tates promised to fespe<t human rights., a =mm~o;sior. on H:Jm.~n Rights
was formed to pfOMCle t~.e promise. The comm:~iol'l was give" duty ~o dfilft,J dl>:!lll'lenl
putting in writing the meanil'.g of fundamel'ltal righn and freedom lhat /'lad :.ell(l .:Iec!ilred
in the Charter. The eluir of ~ comminion v,-as rlel:'>Ot ~et:•• he wi'!e of Ilres;oent
Frznklin Delano ~1/1!1t. W Hie" United S~ales of Americ.lrI pr-!es!df,nt. The u",m~
COIITll! up with the Universal Dedarat:c:n 01 Human Rl£h1s {UDHtI:} wMh was adoole:l en 10'"
Oe<:ember. 1948 by United NatIons members. The UOHR Is a ut (If princIples hy which
Unlled Natioru membms commit themselves to prav de all pl:ot1e of :he world wlt,· homan
dignity. They set the minimum 5tandarlh of how hdilidual$;, im1ittAI= ~nd gove':lments.
should \TNt people. ,"urmn tights empowe- people -0 taU: ~ctiQn ... hen ~nd wherlypr W
stal'ldal-ds set are not me'!. even if the bws of ~nefl country or leacler.; ir. powel' do not
Il!COgnite them. The pn!2mble of UCHR statf:S that, Recognition ofrh~ inherent di~llity and
of rhe eqllcl ond itlalkflob/f! rigllrs of 011 members .:if the human filmily is !o",nr,(ltion of
jrudom, /llsta and ,:eoce i(r rhe world. Tnus, the UOi-ii\ is a iUal"'~ 'tee of fr~(lm ~I'ld
justke for all the ~ thr<lU&holrt the world for it I:s a $r~odzr::l for menu' ns the
Khlevemenl5 ofHu."Tlan Rights, 10 all people.!lnd all ce~"tr~.

However, the UDHR is nor legally b.,\(Jiog beca~e it i!. just a dE~ar;tlon wNch is "
pronouncement which may be affetted or nol. Gener<!t;", a dfo<:1d<.ltion is not le6al'y ~indin&;
no-"'tever, the UDHR hals been ilttepted ;as If 't w-ere C'JstOffUlry InterrCltioncl !.c'N. --lis 13w
consists of rules of law rE-su:ti!'18 f:om the cor.c.'.'d: of sta1es in me ~iief ~ha1 the law II'quire!>
them !o act that way. Howeyer, customary i:l\err.atiollill law is "ot followed eqU,llly by
g<)Yern:n.ents, While some gOllemment emphasile on cl.l~.ur.ll. economil:, ~ial welfare ti6hts
such as Education, job$ and health care, they ~Ye n~I~1ed the pcl;1l(al and c:rJiJ rij:ltts and
vkevena.
Cbamct"'istiQ Of HU!!!J1 Riithu
H!.Imiln rfghts have disting.... ifohir.g features or traits or :hH,lcterlsti<s that ~,el thEm apart from
ordinary rlghts and these include
L Human Rishts are Inherent: thIs meilr.s they iI/'t' inborr. and are out blr:.h~H, ""e
areborn with them. They cannot be tnnsfen'l!d from cne ptr$Ol'l to a~tner. They ,...i..1 as
t\atu~! and permanl'r.t part of human beings untiltne I,me one dies Vlhfolher Of\e ~!'lCWS
them or not, they Mill exist and theY,F\n(lot be bought, given, entrusted or earned. ~IC"I'V('r;~
Human Rights can only be VIOlated ~ denied b>..t ~eYer taken away.
 2.
High marks in Civic Education'CE;om Grade 1Q.to 12)

Human Rights all! InaRena!:tle{fnupanble}: this means Human nghU canoot be

-
separated Of taken away or given lIway. Even when Humel"l Rights are "iolated, and 1he I.1ws
of the country are not foilowed by LeadeD, people I-.ave their riah~ HLm~'n Rishts ur;oot be
&r.Ibbed even if the owner is l'lOt aware of t~m Cea'-l5e they are n3lurnt and !oelal'l.awful)
entitlements for all members of different soc!etles.
3. Human Rights are Univotrsal: all human beings enicv t~ese freedoms. Univel'Sil means
~ are followed and apply to all people in ~ world rega:"dless af r.te:e, S2X, f:lnnicity,
religion, porrticaf, ~tionafity or sodal status.
4. • Human Rights are Indivisible, interdependent arId Interret.ted: means 1111 rlgMs are
equalty important and unnot be divide<! or su!m<Kted or remcved from others. There Is no
r.mkirt& af ~ rights foo- al! are equal; hence, all rights should be e!"}oved in totillitv. For
example, one cantt?t be denied the rights to food, clotl'les, mediul ta>e or sl'le:ter then be
lIr.ilnted only the right 10 life. SueI'. a person cannot enjoy full fundaMental human rights.
Thus, tile right to life is ~pendent znd related .0
tl'le right to food, clothes, medical Gi!ll.' and
thest! ~ annot be divided. One roeeds al: the rights to live in hill. If o'\e is 6e.n:ed ue rliht
to edUC.l!tion, that person is likely to never flllfltl his or her potential and earn a decem living.
This means rights depend.on each other to b~ fulfilled and enjoyed in full. If a ~~n is
denied the ri&ht to natiOnality, the person wilt have:'JO fre-e<!om to :ntemational tr.Ivel:; as he
or she will not have a passport

cmgo'1cs CIf Hum'n R1!hts

International Human Rights have bHn cateio~i:ed into CMl and Poli'lkal ~igtl<5; etOllOrI1k,
social and cultural rights; al'\Cl Collective rights. These rights were classified into three eategorie:;
and the~ categories are knewn as "'generations-. The generations are Pllt aecord;1'l& le, their
lUstoriul development of i'MTIan rights. I
1. Ovil .nd Politkal Rishts: are also calledRrst grnerrnkn Ri9frts becaUSC'. they well!! lh~ first
rights te be recognised. The~ rl&hts stress the freedom 01 the in,::Iividll31 and uries
10000emment not to interfere in tne life 01 an irjdividu,al. I... the 1996 Con,;tituticn of zambia,
CMI and Political Fbtlrts are found in ?art 111 ~nd they inc:1U'de: the right to L1fl!; the ~ht to
person'al ~berty; protection from slavery (X fo:cecllabour; freedom from tarturt! a",d inhlJm,an
treatment; freedom of opinion; protectlofl of fr~dom of conscie",~e; protection of freedum of
expl'e$$ion; protection of freedom of a~mb!y and assccia:iOl'l; prolec:tiofl of freedon of
movement; protection from distriminatiol'l on ,rounds of race, age st!(. ethnicity, reil;lion
among others. ,
2. EconomIc" Sodal and CUtt1oI~1 Rla~t:li; a~ also .:aHed S«uId ~neroti6n .~lQhts and consists
of rights tNit an! l!COOClr:lic, soeial and culturnl in r'latUrt. They bring about !\DCAl jl.l!'tlce,
dignity and equity when iOYe:mment creates good COf1ditlons to ,allow the (tlPfment et t'lese
 . '"

~'be
- rights. Thus, this category includes: the ~i8hts to: Food; Emp'o~ITlent, Social ~ecu~i:\',
ll1he laws Education. Health (medical Care). dear.. env:r::>'lment, Development and .dequate hOl!S :>p,.
c;rnot be 3. Collective Rights, these are also imown as third cenemtlon riahts and are the mlK' l'L"U"ntiy
~n.awful) identified rights. Collective rit,ihts 'efer to :lotoo;e ~i8hts ol peop!e to be pro~ected from at13cks
Or' their group .nten~sts and identitv. The most )mpor.ant collective rght is the ri~i:1 tQ self
liI means determination. These 6ghts nre eA:pre:>5eo il'l documents:>f Internatiorwl taw. The,' "dt;de the
~nnjcity,
1972 Stockholm De~jar.ltlon of the United Nations Conference 0'" th.~ Hurnan [('lv:r;.n",ent,
the 1992 Rio Dedar3ticr, or1 Er.vironment al'l<i Oeveiopr"l':.;mt and ether ~~ft iaw$ (t'*\I ~~ve M!
been enacted into legz!ly binding documents). It is hard to enact 5o}ft l<Iws bl!(ihiSe ~ne
-,~
principle of s.overe,gniy these rights are ~st descrilwd as solidarit~ rights for tilf:Y l1f"ed
~~ is no
international cooperation ,:m·d aim at commu;'l;ty b.Oding. Ccl!el;1:lVe ri!:hls indud.1; ~ ighT to:
*V. For
, :f>e:'I be Self-determination, f:ronomic and .~ocial deveiopme1t, a hea~h l!l"\vj{oorTH!I'1 natural
resources, panicipalion io Cultural heritage aod r;ght to inlergl~r.~faticn;)1 ""uity ~nd
• rig!lts.
sl.lstil'nability. These rights though not IegaJly bindil)& they create ,~ frameW<.lTl: for the
Oft and
e;tjoyment of ali other rights.
"It rlznt 5ignjficance 9f Human Rights
~ living;.
I'~ is
fluman fights focus on the dignity Ihooor, res;>ect, and Sl~~-esteem and ir»1ividuill i~; ent tied toj
une
d. :he hum"," being, thtJs, e3ch indiv,dual n""ds to develop celt3in attituffi!s to prom<1l" IlU".,2'
rights. These are:

• Respe<:t for everycoe's life, their phys;t;l1 aod mental integrity, I,,,,e.dom, prOflC ".y.11 d
privacy
• Respect for djfjt!r.m<.e~ io se~. e:hoicitv. ~lI"Igllag,~. co:Ou ,aEe, r<I'.~ion, Cutbr.. 1a;pect~,
opinion and thE! ideoti:y of othe~ <lnd of their own.
• Tak.ing up fe~pons,bi1hv in society lor right~ U)me with respcnsibilitip.s ~spec~a'l, lhat d

...'"
tot first

rlbia,
Q'sfleeting othrr p"cpte's richts.
• Respecting other p&'ple's
international s:and"drd~_
righl~ for Ih~y are protected by I<lVI dnd g"ac;3~Il~(>d hy

""0
'-""0
• Recogol,ing ilccotmtability and rc~po<,~,bllity JO the relationsh;p :><,tween tbe ';>.:'i"i<.l",al,
in~titlltiol1 or sute that has a duty to fu fill the righli caned th,~ ':luty-b~zr"r ,md the

~of other persoo ..... ith rjght~ cal!ed "he rights-holder'. Ti'le duty hear"!r is aCC<Juni.Jhle and
r:;. of has to m,lke sur~ dgr.ts ..re respe(,ted, protected aod fulfilled. ·:"i-.e rlghh hoi,l~rs hOlv,,"
the duty 1.0 respect ,md bel violate the fight~ of c:thers.
• Rights holders have to be empowered so as to claim aod la,-e pMt in p"bli<. tl~clsjon­

-. milking. Empowermert includes giving knowledge and skills they '1-~d te IT!;'llte c :<ims cl
their righ'lS.

-
.. '
 High marks in Civic Education (From Grade 10 to I2L

• Partitlpation of both sexes and all ages is an important human right;n all area:: of their
Ilves

Jbc unjymI! Ded;ntion of Humin Rights fUPHB)

Theft! arc 30 articles which _re agreed Upcrl by ff'presentativB the U1'Ii::ed -..aliens
('If
Member states with different populations ilnd political systems. They include the follov.i~:

1. EveryQne is free aod we should all be treat~ in the same way.

2. Everyone is eqlUl despite differences i1'l skin colour, sa, rel.'o:'! or lar'lluage.
3. Everyone ~ the right to life and to live in freedom :md safety.
4. No one t\as the right to treat you as a slave nor shou!d you make c!1'l'One your slave.
S. No one has the right to hurt you or to torture \'Ou.
6. Evel)'one has t!'le right to be treated equalll(.
7. The law ~ the same for e~eryo1'le, it should be applied in the same wiy to an.
a. Ew.ryone ha~ the lilht to asl: for legal heip whel'l their rilhts are o.')t respected.
9. No one hu the ri&trt to imprison you I.lI'Ijustiy or lUpel you from your own country.
10. EVl!ryI)OI'! I\as the "cM: to a hlir and pubflC trial
11. Everyone should be Wft'ii~ i!'lnocent until pr~ IUilty.
12. We all have the riCht to privacy and prote=tion.
13. Everyone has the right to travel as they wish.
14. Ol'le has the right to go to another eoul'llry and ask for protect~'n if they are bei",
persKUtecl or are in doI"f:!r of being pe~ed.
15. EveryoOl'! has the riBht to be a c:iti2el'l iI'I one's OWI'I ooum:ry or beccme a citizen of another
country If ooe wisl'les to.
16. Ew.ryone I'Ias t!'le rillht to maniage and have a family.
17. Everyofle I'Ias the right to own property ill'ld possessions.
l8. Everyone ha~ I !'le freedom to belong to any religio".
19. Everyone I'Ias the freedom of speech and' opinion.
20. Everyone !'.as t!'le richt toorpnile meetinss andjoirl ~ssociItions in ~ peaceful way.
21. Ew.tyODfl has t~ ri(ht to partkipatf: iI'lgowrr.merrt a:ld in fref: eleetier"6.
22. Everyone /\as the right to social security and to opportul'I~il!Sto develop their skills.
23. Everyone has tlle right 10 a fair pay and to jpin labour Uniol'lS.
24. EveIYooe ha~ the right to leisure and ~st.
25. Everyol'le!\as the rijht. to foc..d, hcusln& and ~ical Cilre.
26. Everyone has the right tOIO to school (EdlX3tion).
27. EYI!1)'Ol'lO!: has the right to participate in the aJlturallife of one's own ecuntry.
28. We all have the righ~ to a social and international otder that protects all these rillhts to be
aVilllable.
 High mark~'p..Civic Educa~opJ~~om Grade ~o t~ 12t~,~
__~
r:tl theic
29. Everyone has the rig~t to community cll.:ties, re'il)t!ct the rights of other!; .m" public
property.
30. No one ~as tile right to lake away i!rly of the rights in t!l~ ded2ratim'. "

CORRUPTION

• Corruption is defined as giving money, valtlal:k~ or re~c,>' ing of a servioe to someo"e i 1 rNurn
nf ill favour, involving the .l'b~e ef public office and rescwces for personJo gain.

fORMS OF CORRUPDQN

There are different forms of corruption and th,!S{' ii1vclve human righ'~ vicllition ane ~ek of
transparency and =3ccountabil:ty in the use of public aL:thcrity and resowce.

The following are !>Om£! terms of corruption,

1. C.ash pavment and receipt-is the most common L orm ef cOrTupticn. Th~ irwoh'l'~ giving
or acC("pting mor'l<:'f in return of a Tavour i:l',I." !,ubl c officer.
2. kick back.-involves r~nderjng-of a service in !">'turn of a favouf bV" ,ublic efficer,
3. Payment in ki!>d-this i5 where one dem;mds fer a fJvou~ for an action done.
4. loans and advan<e~·irl",olve corrupt JA!\'meM in form at a loan or :m a.;;',ar,,:e. ~l.Ich

action is c.haracteriled bV misuse of pub!;': office for pe~onal gain. . .,

s. COmmis~ions-·these aM given as an appreciatioll lee for "warding i' contract ~

CATEGORIES QF COMlIYffQ/i
." Corruption can be grouped ;n~o three cate-gories, namely:

t. PETTY ~ORRUPTION: this i.~ widely practi<.ed in l.lmbia fOI it in'lOlves smatt a:T o,.mt d
-payments. rhl'SE' p<l~meflts are cailed bribes. A bribe is an offer Cf m~ne, or" IIV otin-r
gift given or offefed tn ob:a,n a fal/our.
H. GRANO CORRUP110N: this in..olves ,ubstant'i!' or r,uge amout\u of mone" ane! is
us1l311v pra=ticed by h'8h rilnking official.\. Such C(lffuption is <i!-!>Sociated with fli,vment~
made far favours in govemment contracts, pub'ic appointments or priv,ltinlion for
-g·ove-mment owned companies or assets.
Ill. pounCAi. CORRUPTION: this kind of corruption is. associat,~d with the ele(tora!
process.it I:; cSlJalty pra'::liced bV those cont.. stin~ for political pc,wer. The f:>llcYI:r.g are
examples; donaticn of money to injJuence Ihe voter's chok.e; cash or materia:
distribution to inttuence voters during election period; provL,wn ef beer 10 infiuen<:e
voter's choice; prCNision of se[Vice~ i!uch as electricity, watl'rs supply and road
• maintenance at·a, time of e:ectiQn, sP';lf!so(i~ of )<llitical partIes Sll a:> to win fa/')U~ fo:
their businesses ~hould such part~s win t'·.. elE'(;(,ons,

,• ._-
 High marks in Civic Educatiqn From Grade 10 to 12

cause pt Coqvption
n.e.,are grouped IrItotwo mair, ca!ei0ri6, social ard economic cau;es:

1. Sodaf QUse5: personal &reed and dWw.nest; leader5 in key p.>sitions are net capable
of inspiring and influencing conduct of the highest IT10ra! standards; weak
ellfort:t!ment or absence of the code of condllCt; pUlliShmetr. fOl" offendEl'li is weak;
Iirge numbe~ of people compete fO( insufficient services {school plateS).
2. Economic causes: shortages of food and services; unequal distribution of w<~lth and
re5;CNlces; allocation of gaverr,menl loans ill giving of tenders to some preferred
indivicIUiIls at me, exdU$ion of ott-.ers; low sa'.aries and wale. in comparisc'fl to the
cost of liviOC; poyerty.

:> Un~ Iottt: procedures (te~): some pro~ur£s that officers are exp.~e;ted to
follow In wort places may be too long. Tht. officers :nav take advantage of suth celays to
demarlCllOek-backs for fast actlol'l..
);> Lack of political will: some gOYemments twr; polltic:iJI ""ill tcdeoil w:th COrTUptionfirmty.
). Lack Of tr.wMpiItl!nq' ;;and itaOUnQblIity; if the gco.oel'\Vlllent ladc.s d'lecb and b.1!anceS,
tl'\ere is mismanagement and misuse of publ!: funds,
:> #-blKe of power. when there is too much ~centtiltion of powv In the hand. of an
iodividWlI. he Of she may hinder proper ir'l\'t!S~tionof corrupt praetick
l> bdr: of Independent Jud1dary: as a result, courts rn<1l)' not act independt!ll.tIy on ma~ers of
corruption if they are influenced by outside forces from tne Executive.
» Public reaction: how the publk 'lie:ws C(ltTupt'on ~'$" vital role in fighting c.olTtlptlc:n.
.. Ladrpt press freedom: the medi.a plrf's Oil vital tde i:'l exposir'ls caStS of C(lrruption.

€ffects of comnrtfon

(0 tt makes those involved in it become ncnat the expense of other citizens.

-:- Enables those who pay hri!les to ber.efit in areas wtllch without b.~ina COtTUptiofl, they
would not.
0;- Causes widespl"Ud anger among those who cannot plY or refuse to pay for f.r",ou!'$
when they see those who pay::eJr'Ijj: f.Nour~.
". Ol$tort5 standards because it enables the len deservq to reach goals ahead of those
witt!gfeater merits.
"') Interferes with the er.forcemen! of the law ane!' rapect for the ~coUaw.
I) Perpl!tuates huma" sutrerlni through 1ncreaSir.c ~ Itvel1 of PCOrcltizetts.
 High marks i!( Ci';!c Education (F;2~ Gr,~e 10 to !;)
ConuptioJ'l N:s brough:: nes-~ impact in many areas in Z2m~ aOO these ll1Clude:

1. law enforcemEf1t i1genc:es: the Police haIo·e .. duty to maint.rin Law and order, hence.
w~n they fail because of C:Olluption, citizens may tOlke the la..... into their OW1 hands.
• capable
_ ; weale 2. 1he Judicial 5YStem: when ourt officials art' c.orrupt, 11,ZS""..ic~ canne! pre-.i:il for case
~ d"lSappear. trials are delayed lind the V!n:!ia pUsM mly lSepend (v.\ tOW amount
m .. weak;
of bribes given n::l evid1!nc:e given.
3. The ele<:to:-al PIOO!SS: politic.al pal1ies mllY engage in millj:lractic:es du,i1g election
period ~uch as givina money and materials to win support, oc which, $Ome ar'ldidlltes
win e~ons undeservingly from malpractICeS.
4. Security of the Nation: w~n corruption ta!:es place in go.remmenl offi:e ~ke 'he
National Registrnion OffKe, Passport office and Immigration office, SPI~ ,md other ill-
intentioned people m<lY e<lsily enter the country, heoce putti1"lf, the country's .&eCurity in
danser.
5. The £ccnomy: corruption !\as brouiht aboll! nor.ey Iaunderil'lfl activities, tu evu~on

and other ec.onor':'lic uilT\e!. which deprives the ·evenue of the country.
6. The Education system: sometimes bribes are paid to secure plateS at school, colleges,
and unjye~ities instead of being admated on Merit grounds. This Iowl:!~ t.'l.e edtlcatlon
standards as faIlures are admitted,. thus, slowing deloe'opment.
7. Admlnlstr.JtSon of land m3tte~: some people p<lY the counc 1 and M niStf>1 of lands
offki<lls' bribes, to Set land megally This lends to unfair diStribution of land and
unplanned Of' prohibited se:tlements in most urban areas of zambiil.
~Of •
8. PrOCloln!ment of goods a~ services: purdlaosina: of coods and Sl!.rvKe5 has been
ac.companied by corruption. To win a contra~ sometimes thfo tender pIOCfdures a'e
not fonowed. Thus, Potential suppliers are di"oqualified by buyers who rn, y receive
bribes.

Govr'nmcnt [nstitutbu; inyglved in tb. fish! _jlimit corructio!,

I. Ant!-Corruptlon Commission (Act): it has ;) ~logal'l ·promOle integrity, sal' no to

corruption· which enshri:'leS the gener.al fliht ag.Jins~ corruption They urgi! evuyone to
joi!l the f.ght by reporting any corrupt pr;ctices SoHn to the Commission. l'his is an
offici.. 1govemmem: lnstitlrtion that was estab~shed through Corrupt p~ices Act Ho.14
of 1980 and st.. rted operating in ~982. In i99S it was repl<ltN by the Anti-Conuption Act
No. 4:< of 1996 whi:h Ulme on 17'" m~rch, 19'97. Ace is an a\1tonomous corpor.lte body,
mN:"lina its duties shculd not be sublkt to thoe direction or com:rtll of any a;rthority 0'
person, T'''IUS, ACe does not report to the p~nt bul: to the Commissior's bo:.Jrd
which c.ompri$oes five IS} membe~ who direct tile wo:i: of the commissi::ln. To fisht
Corruption, ACe uses the followir.g methods:

P:-epared by Miss. M. "'.adli1a (B.A EO) and Mr. S:llGonga ?.age 9

 ... Prnention by underta~ne necesl<>ry 3nd effective Ineasures to f~eveN
com.lption in publ!\; and private :;edor$.ll also ensures tt,at any wwt., In!thods
or procedures prone to com.,:tton are revised. To do this, tneM is a
COmmf»ion's Prevention Depa.tJIPel1t {CPC) which c.>rn!uets mar~eriill
Aa:oul'Itabiiity worlcsl'tops itI bortl pcblk and private SC!l:tOl'S to set nJ:ldzr'ds
for a«DutltolblUy _"thin the inst:tlltiom.
•:. Community eduC3tiorl: throuJh the Ccmmtssiotl's community ReiaOOns
Department{CRO), the wmmunity is to:\lUlted on matter relating to corluptiort
such as the dar.gers and effect!. of: tcrt'l.iptlon. The c::Iepo;rtlTlern: use:; rat'lo ant!
televis£on pr0trolmmes, pubI:c: I«tures, wortshops. predurticr ;lrtd
distribution of pamphlets, newsletters, p'~ers. T'shitu, fliers and bJoklets.
and spearhead'ne the formatlo;> of d'le aontf-corruptioll c1u~ In SoCl,uo;s in
zambia.
-:. Inwstiptiorts a!'ld prosea;lion: Ih~ are Involve<! il"l lnvestiaatins c:)n:lalntt
of s u ~ CQITUP't prll~ and if evic:!en~ is found, prD~a."tionfull41 AIS.
11. zambia fQtional PrOCl.Wenwr.t Authority (ZNPA)
• Was fonnerty Icnovm as the bmbta Natiot'.al Tende.. Boar.:! and t WilS
establlshecl in 1S83
• The I'I\OIjar reasor. it 1OI-aS formed was ~ c:ontTOf the proc1.ll"emer.t;and ~~iut;ne
the g:lOCl5 and services by covernmenl Mhlstries, de~rttrtents, and Pa ~'statal
orpnisatior.s.
• It fichts Corrupton by ensuril'lC that the proc:edure in the ~rowremel1t '\'Stem
is done in a tramparent and aa:ountabie lni!nner.
Ill. Parliament:
• the major role is to make laws
• Par1iament also prolfi!ks check' and balances the JudIciary and eX<!:(l.lti\-e, for
<!XlIImple, the ;>.Jbi:e Ac:counts Co;nmitte<! scnr.nlses the Aue.tltor Gu er..tl's
Report on mi~~. misapplkation lne! e:nb=lement of public funds.
• It aka ~ s to si,n Ippointment and promotions ef cot'!'upt publk ollidals,
iftduding ~ in the Judici;uy.
IV. Auditor Gene....r s Off/<;e {AGO)
undet' Artide 121 of the krnbilm COnstitution.
'" It is prCJ'llided fot'
'" Its major !"E!~tlonsJbility Is to trlsv~e th",t pubIk tunes a/!ol:ate~ bool the
hr1iamel'lt lore u~ fo¥ the inter\ced. purpcS!.
,/ It also audits i1a:ounts re1atina to the aeneral rC!\fellUoe of the country and t."e
expenditul'1!l of rnonies apportk:ned by Pilr1.ment
,/ It further audits me ludlcature, ac:emll'lts rel,,>;1'll 10 :;tedcs and stOI\...~ vf"--
J:O'ft.rnn>ent and auounts of s~tf' C1.med li!:n~eprl!ies and cerporatiOflS.

Prtpa:-ed by MI5S. M. Milcblalll A J:l)J nd Mr. Sll<acng<l

• u'"'""*_'""'"
!'2gt iO
 High marksJ.n Civic Education (From yra~e 10 to 12)

- ~ The Auditor General prepil'eS and submit'> Audit: re,.orts of the tcwemmerrt.
accounts for each fllUlndail year to tile president who IntuM represl'llu them in
the national assembly•
./" The repOrts are scrutinized by the PiJrllamentalY p\.Iblic ac«llJnts Committee
before they are debated In 1fle ~r1!~me:rt. h: ful1het $Uf:m.~ ib reports for
debate and adoption by ttIe IilIIho!e house. In thl$ way, the AGO fight cOmlplion
~ exposina: oCOnupt practices and lTl~ of public: foJnes..
V. lnvfltiaator Genuars Office: (IGO)
• The other 1\<1 me: for the lnvestilatcr Get1eral is Omt::Jd.man
• This Is tM chairperson for the Commission for Investigations which ~liJVS it vital
F<Me In protecting human R;strts
• My p4!1SOI'l in the country Is free ~o write to the lnve$tlptl:r General
complaironc OIbo\rt any violatiotl of his Of her ri&tri:5
• The KiO CilI/'rie$ O}'t lnvertiIatJons on it wide ~~ of. CDmj)tl!!1'lt$ which
~ c:orruPtlcn ~ _ •_ '. ..-:;:,._
• After lnwstigations are completed, the lowesti'gator General advises the poH.::e
- . -,
o:'the Court to take aCtion _. .
VI. Anti-Money U,,,mderinl Unit (AMtU)
)0 This Is the department of the DruB Enforcement Comm~'SIon
.
Money launderin& ActiYities in bmb'a. Money loIunderll\Jl Is the m of
" .
:;.. tt was esbbrlShecl in 2COl by ;n -et of ~riiamerrt to ntorlitor ancUnvestipte

CO/'lUlIlinL disJl.lidn&. possessing, receMng, disposing or'brirl&I"I l into the

eol.ll'lU'y any property (whkh includes mcney zl'ld any Item). der~ 01· r~alized
ditectly or inciiredfy from Illepl or crimir-.aI activities.
> The:.i.a ptol/kie$ for the disdosurl!! at Intormatian on the 5I,lSpect:ed ptl'SOnnel
irwolved In Money I..aunderint activities. _.
}o The Act also provides for Il'1terncttic'l\ll Coopet'ilthm In il!ll~st'gatlons.
prosecution and other related lepl prOCft$l!$ concerning prohibitiOn anA
prMntion of Money launderinliilctlvitle'~ .
• VU. lambiit Polic8 Servk~ (ZPS)
.... "'" ThIs RrVke Is eharaed with the very importarrt role in the fitht ilPinst
. ' ~ '--'0
eorruption. Wfthln this estabRshment,. tf1li! PDl"ice Profe:!;SJor. ...-Stamkrd Unit
has a duty to deal with Potke Abuse and CalTUpt practices In the sy$tem.
~ They investigate and arr~ susPected COfT\IPt Officers.
.. fhI·Pofla also Inve5tipm a"et arrests su~peeted corrupt persons
'- • ' ._0_-
QVll SOQID Of!GAN~OHSINVOlV£D-IN re E FtGHJ J:.GA!HSI COR&lPDON

--I======-='-----~
Prepared by MIss.. M. Madtih (I!.A £D) and Mr. Slltaeiiga ~
11 ...-
E'~e
 -
" Higl.:!.!!!.?J.:ks il'2: Civic Edu~tion. (From Gr.;de .11) t.? 12)

,. This promotes intettity, tr.I~rency u.d tood moral bet'.... viO!" n public .mc:. Jrfwlte
-
imtitutiol'ls. The following are the C$bblhhed Civil soeiety Of'gani$atlons that c!ral with
corruption:
I. FO:lndation for 0l!mcx.7ti1:: p~ (FO()[P)
• ,. Was established in 1991 ....ith ill view t::l promctil'lg democrJC\' in lzmba llrou:;h
.. Progr:Hnrnl!'~ of (r.-.c: ECtlc;J\Kln 3~ Promotion of Human RightS MIC Election !\,'l,x,"orif\6
".. It also fO(uSi's on Ailti"f"lection Corruption a1.:1i"ities I.1nder .IS ~ ommunity <niv,ti~ •
progr.lmme.
:.- It prov!d~ aWil~nt:.is plOfl:t:3mmes by ~lr-<I~:l'lf. the ;mbli: .loo:l' ,orrup;fOl "' ;he
elector.!' proces~ ar:rl nN'd for electOlal lrforrl:> to enh....1'\a derrtOCr.lC'j <11::1 !IN'
election
.' 11. Tnmsparency Inl'ernatiollal zambl.. (T12)
• TllO" Coal is 10 nml-;bule to tN- ledoclon 01 COlTUption 'through I~ fd1..wifl(
objectives
.). C.eallng lnlert'!""f amOl'ig sta.'lhl)/def'!> and ",nc:luraging lil~r:1 IQ
apprpciJu' the (onrfOpl 01 COIIf:L1ive rt'sponsibility
b. Underlak ng resealc:,\ an vanou:; aspect~ af romz"tian, good i',ve'lIarY-l'.,
and in:€'(, ,ty.
r. MlfOCdlme and labbyi~ fa, Zero :alf'r.lr>ce [()W3r:i; COrTUP'I01! :f 'hp

~ociNy

Ill. N<ltlon.aH~ovem'!I'Itagainst COt'ruption {NAMAC)

• This n <I .... .., ;>.)rti\nn oqr;onixotiotl ;rvo:~ n thf! f";g!l: ag,,;,~: COf'Upl" ,
• The fIKl'II'emt"m '01'<1\ cffK"i;tl'" !oIullched in much 2lO2 and its rl':at': .. is ~~Hid~
tOfl'.ther far <'I mrruption Ire<' lilmhi,~
• NAMAC i! :l IOI... e aHi3ncc 01 ;oalhion of Civil '!oci(>ty .md g'}~I"l'll'nt
insti::utior.... In p;l1ocular,lnteg.rit) fou,",d:l~n Zarn~ Ill.':) ,r ca;!.i!!:x):,ll"" 'Io';lh
ACe aOO th"" Go'lf"lT\;lnCl! Develop'T'et'\ UI'\;! olll'lfo MinIStry () legal A!I.!lr. tool<:
a It',m ,n thfo krm,ltion of NAMAC.
• ;\lAMAC d"mal1d~ high levl'l~ of inlpgrily, Tra."',parency. ,Ice" J ,t;:,bility, .lna • f'~'>:;
genuin.! partic,pal"'", in the ",ffa,r\ nf 7ambla
IV. The Mec!i.a
;.. It hils a v!l:<I1 mlo' 10 pL1Y in promoting g."Od gU'~~"ICt.! arid reda<1,)' 0:
ccrruption
;.;. lhl! print M~<lia, Tek!vI51on, Radio ,md the Inle"'ct inlal'.n tl",· puul:~ DC",:
important thulg~ Wt' need 10 ~no ... n Q,de, 10 fUO(;tioro pf'er:I~'V ...:11-11 Our
wdetiE~.
1,. The rok! af troe media i<; 10 dig dflep.., ,l1ld ..:;,ny =t re°.c:<Ilth on "n';' G'l '. 01
corrupllOn Thi~ I~ "alled ir1Yestigal:..... 'numatistl' fm tlley irl\l,·:,tigal.. and I!l.p':l·;e
"- ... ..." .• ~

Pt'ep:a'Pd by lot::;,<- M. Mxhl!:o f 1~J'

~._._.

~·lll"'tcl >oh. ";,b ,,~,.

 High marks in Civic Education (From Grade 10 to 12)
"2'- t' --

OOITUllt ptaeices.. By doin& SQ. the media cI!5t:~<Jraces pec~~ ellpgin: in

wrJ\lpt pr.tctit:e5

ftolti of IQdhliduals and t:rO\.'DS in the flght anion wrru;ttjpn

•
individuals and groups Co"ln participate in the fi£ht agaillst co!"N9tiorl b1;

.. OI.ng'q attitudes from tolerance to total reJII!'ct:on of (on"Uptft)fl

.. Acl:essil'll jnf~ an pi' cuclurn of how to ee.J! with corru.~Uon a.se5
.. Reporting w:rupt off"~ t:lln~:ISe o ~ such on 2OIIrnb'.a Polke SEw.a, Tll
.ndACe
.. Supporting organisations that are 'frghting ::tIrru~~
.. Demandl,..lntegrlty and high $ellSe of morality for publlt oKi«' bearers
.. Encouraging :md $f,lpportlnc free press
on, .. Takil1l respol"lslbl'oities for o..,e's <lCticns.

QJlTUBE

(0 Culture refers to the sum total of the aflRtl s«IlrtY"s way of II~II!'. It lndlJdes a I aspt'etS
of peopIe's ......y of life.

.
.".
(0 The followln, .are npects ind~ in e:.:lture: trzb«4; l~riYot.'s; ~ Mtieft;
trPditions; food; dathes; t'l~ of houseJ; techtroiogy; mu::ic: dcrtU; sy:n,'xHs and
meonlngs: Ideols of betJUf}!; KOfIOmic artMtles; education sy,;tem; splriWor bellep:
IntelledJmf ond emotional osp«tS 0/ Cl" human bi!ing.
.} Culture Is not 5CmNhlna: that one ~s botn with but someth~na: th;rt Is ~amed

COMPONENTS Q~ aJlTUBE

A component iS;I unIt or;l ~rt of somethins- It k;en e:cmeot of:he whcle, for eJ'a:r~ twe
leas are a cnmponmt of a human beini betaine they ire part of the whole Iwznan beac. in
the same wav, the parts 6iscusse<! here. are parts that make Itj) eult\.:re. There an!: eight major
components of cU/tl.lre:

11 lANGUAGE: this is the mosto!:lllleus differences between Cl.llturl!S. Lanil.lage ~t:fjnes,

~I group INen though the same la~ an be used 'n :f!ffetent tOI.lfltnes. tt
lnducles unspolcen ~"5UlliIe weh as ,estures whie!'! mNI'I cliffer~ thJnp In clffertnt
wttures. for eJlllmp~, fcrTl'lir., a dlt1c' ""';'J'I a ~ a"Cf fcre fl~er b a friendly
lesture In the U~ but it fs a rude ~Ilmf.'latiorl If'sture in Zambla, Gr~, Tuney
and other ptac:es.
2. REUGION: Is a major cultl.iral component aI:'Id retiglO'..IS taboos, e:urtoms, l\ollcl,l\'S and

.-- rituals dktate the beh40vlor of a given 3OClet'{. It can be • maj,)!' factor In a sodety
- •
Prepared by Miss. M. MachJol [B A ED) Jnd Mr. Sikaon~
 bli'Qluse it call evPn d,ttilte l.'le ''Jpt' (.of foorl Ttlf typ'" of ked ;>l'op~ e:.l~ -Of "Xamplto,
Hindu". do not P.ll IJor.'<!f, a'ld Oevuted aQman f..athciic.:. do n:t ut m('·tt ':n Good
Fridays while dev~ Mt...Ums do not drinir. <l1U)hol.
3) VAlUES AND AnrTUOES: theY! are so:iety's !:M-:ief systeJ"tlS. fhey are t~; t·~ a~
socioety"s belief sys~ms. Th~ are the (IOCie:ty's M:'Ir. iIInd ;.re not easl:y d,t:ttted. If
they dlan~e. thc'l take 3 very slow proc",n; a W(i«y'~ ·.. a'·~e s~t~1 gl 'des in
attitudes to what is consideled right .1110 wrong. Most val.lI! S)'5tems a~e ca ~ on ~
SOCietY tentTal relllk:n.
4) ,
EDUCATION: his atl irn;JONnt part et tu!tl.;re sin::;e ClJlb;re ;50 :e<.rr.e;:! ':Iet\.i;'iiot I There
3rc thn.'C types of lea.ning that t;1kes plOlll;C in allY sOl:iety; lnfonn::lllenn>;,,: "I Whic:h
the dlil:t learns by imitating the beh'l\,i:or of itio t..mlly ~n1~r! • tr\~nd~ C:'/ h' homes
wtl6e there is be\evi$ion from the ch3raeten !>h'l'W'\ in film$.: 10",",iIIl t-e.. mln': where
aclults .lI1d older s!blings teach a young family member how to beh;llle In Cf.5'U,in
situations, for eltample, tlI rniU'l't 2ambl~n fal':'lili,"!; wiU ins;:n;ct ", child ~o k."le<~ when
he or she is CTeeU.1C OT giving son>etil:r:g to ar: :ldt.:t:; T['l;hnh:al ie:lr:'lin.;: III wltl:!'!
teKhef's instrurt a chi:<! '" ill"I eciuc.ation envlr.mme:'lt about what" how a Hi why
somet!llnc should be tiorle. The ttu"ee ~ of duUltiOl1 can bl" f.mt-,cr e.'ql:' ined III
the followinfl eumplM; a '(tlunc bo~ ....,..0 is told by his r.\othe-r tl) stQp crvi'1l!: IIE'.Clluse
hoys do not ay, he Is forn'lal!y lEa,ning.lo\'heo h~ watches a fatl'''!'f ii:dnC a br, yde, Is
fnlo."mal learning. Y/hen he taltn Geo,p-.a;:rhy ~sson<;, he i'5 e:<perier:d~ h (hnir.d
lcamina;. The role ofed.::caUo!l is [0 equip ~ with scrriv31 ski:Js.
5) SOOAl ORGANISATIONS: this is a wav I:tle SOtiety organi~ it!.et'. tt relate!; $O:.M;y ff)
how it defines rela1:O:'lships, so:;al :n$totutions lUt!: It" marl;;qje and sta?Vs ~stem
s.udt as me role 01 a WOI1lOtn .. tld thoe Clikl,en Tile e:te"lOed fa~ily S)~trr. Is a
com.-non :social instit\ltiGll In ,l\filcan ~~~, fo' it pro'\"-Cl!'S '" rtUi!; pfl;ltL!cthn ;J:nd
soctalsupport on a daily basis.
5} TECHNOLOGY AND MATERIAl CllllURt: these rt...f.., to a sodet (s .Jb:!ity w ~'eate,
d.esign and use thin:ls. T"hrs also --elates to:he W1Y a .socie'y 0I'!:3nl:es r.s eClooomic
activities.. Terms like me ;1'ld-~3i.zed n3t";O/l"; i!nl;! <b-ele;:ain, f\iltior.s !il(e i ..mbia
ret'er ~ different :l!chnoiosiCio and culnlrcs. Th1,;'5, we S~i1K of be'"i!: lr, the :C:tOI"~ Age
when society used Su><>e tools 3N1lron Age when iron too!s were 1I:;ecl.
7) LAW AND pouncs. Th~ are rv~ and stNetuo"e that rl!Dllato! the behavtcr 01 a
society. Tht! legal n..:tc attract punishmer.t \v!".cn (t!n~~",_e(. The ialol:s poteet
~mbers er! sodet¥ to Ieall'e ~n p.t'iltl!. f;cc from f~u .. nd 1'll,I.Ilnan !l'eat:'l1e~1 The

politiCAl system of soc:iety defines 'lilO' ,~uCl:ur~ of 1':000I!rnanCf ar.d who oCI:uplt!$
positions in the stl't.lCt\;res It defines 'the rolC!'s il.1'ld rt19On'S-tlilitiei )f thOS4l who
govern and the govl'lrned.

"" ._. .• -"''PI >. & ,

P'rel"'"-t ed bv M~ M. MaI'hila fR..A fill .ll,d :~r Siit:t:]".:.:

 8} A.ESntE1lCS: 101\ I~ the society's pefcep~<)n cf what is cor,sillered beautillll i,n art and
In pers.ons. It dictall1S wt:;1t is ilccel)l.able in t:l.3t eult1.rre. What is o:omldend bea...tifo.ll
amp!(>,
in one Mul"e may not be ooruiclered beautifl.ll in othe~ euhures. y.:h3t is (oro~red
aGooci
coocI taste in one etlltyre may not be considered the slime ill th~ other cu tllre. Some
types of dressing sudl as miniskirts in town are no! ac:repted in villages.
are
oesl'
>eec!. If
de< iu Non: Turn over for the Components o! w1ture
I'd on ..

Tl':etl!
THE EIGHI COMPONENTS Of CUlTURE
whk.h
homes

""""'
certain
wt.,n
oMhkh
why

r~'" CUllURE

.""
5 •

•••
Q:lAAAqtRlSTIcs Of CUlT\JgE
Ac' The following life the chilrdetenstic:s or special feilt<.lre5 of culture:

cl. A. Culture is dynamk. It;5 riot constant butlt is elloNing ilnd chaneini, ellen thQug'l
change in some I:I,lltur~ is harder to atcep!: than in others.
-:. Change in teehnolollY is easy tQ aetept ~n clunge in the value sy5:tem ')f
society. for example, the use Ch;llll phones has been accepted as part of
Zambian way of life and vet these were not there a lone time ago. HoWl!'ller.
thet"e is a great deba:e on gender bala~.

• ~, .... ~ ~. v..... ~ _,~ ~_ "

Prelklred by Mis.<;. M. Mad>~l .. rA A l:l)J ,I:ld M~_ "ik.lf :II'''' I·.~... \0,
••
"
 -

a. ClItture i$lellmr; i: i$1~ on from C{.lefCition to le~:iorI.lt is taUitrt to 1"1

'nliMeh.,. b\' 5OC~:y i1 whKh;1In indivkl~:s b:>,.,.._ The _1' to !pe.,:.c. what arid how
to eat,. how to re~te to oth«'s nnd whattl:i ~lieVl! i" areta:f!hr.
C. Culture is cvmulalil/('; New things in new genera:ions un i:lc dis.=o......... eci and i lided to
the alrudy er.iStir:g wltu:e. Owlr.g to this '=u:nul<l~e effet":, mart high sd>ool
!e¥nefs txlay Me f;):nifia,r wittl Ma~tZaI ir:sigl':ts and sohrJon1 th.t the ;mciem
5reeks sud> as ArriUmedes and PythagDr.J~ suur:c1ed to d~r in the wor!cl.
D. Culture;$ Comprehensive: iU al~ady $flUe;:! In thi1 dGf'l'litlol1, cu!tl.'re Is thf' stl'"":-total
of a 5OC1ety's way of IHe, thus, It Is comprehe,nr,'e.
E. CllItuTe is ..hared: memOel'5.::of $OCiety share a set of ideals. values <:nd the stolnda.rd
beh.iwior o:."ld this ~ of ideals Is...mat Sive$ mn<\i.r:g to their lives and whB': b>Jnds
them to~ iI5 cultu~.
F. Culture fs ~sed on syml:ols: In order for cu.:tu~ to bevansmittl!d st.lccesfu!l',!rcm
On.<! J)ersol'l to the next, the system of symbols is aea~d that trl'rl51~testh~ idt'als of
wlture to 11$ members. This ca:'! be dO/'lE: ~llgh lal"-4:uage. art. money ~ "'~i:jor..
G. Culture is integrated: m crder to ~ w ~ fl.ln::tioning. all i'ls ilSpem must ;e
IntegRWd.. For C'UT.'pk!. the Ian!W1ge .nal....! d be aWe t::> ~e5cri!)l, ail the functi~n!i
within me culture k, order fot ideas and idealS to be tr:mimittiod from one !lenl~mtiol't
to the next. AI; pans of culture .. le rel.lteU, for cJ.Jmple, ehii\ftglni: on.;! trait will have
;In iml)kt 0I'l others. bec:a;JSC they are lunc6c:laU, in:~on.'eett':S.A30 a ~ult. tliere i~

lener.t/'y ~nee to maju: CN~.

H. Pecple ilf1!! not a~,.. ottt>e1r culture un:il they o:me irlto tcrl1tatl with ether
cultures..for I1"IOSt ~~Ie, it is as if their learned benaviol is 15:f t ley WEf'e '::orr INith.
They onl, r.f!ltlJle that their pattems 01- behavior ;,o°e nOI u,.,i,'er~l wile" they cnTle
In:.o ccmtactwith people from other cultul'e.
L Peopl.e do not know all the,r cu.'tl.n'e: no OM know.-s evervttl.....: ab>..~ itlei:' ~tm Jr'e. :1'1
aU~. there is ~lIzed Imowle<!il:e th;rt kgendet' sp£c& (jot eimer men ut
women). this is boy; an:! girls are treated cliff~l'ently In mo~t scxit:otie'$. Th'tte <l'o! some
bocIi",s of k'1OWle'dgl! limited 10 p<uticular $Odal d.,sr.e~, aa::uPi'tlons. religlnU$lllooupS
and a~tfollst:mz:;..l:is not possible for Ol'le to k_ _erythil"..g: abovttl".fflr Q"ture.
for example, Ph Me tal,lg!':t more about 2rinc and lOCial in~erac1io1l whk boo,;
about slulls of construction and machi.-,e worlu.
J. CultUre !lives 11 $O..'ietY;;l range of poerm!s~iblp. beh....riQr pattem~. CuItuI'('S t.onllT~mly
allow a r..nge of wa'lS il'1 which men al'1d women '<In be men ;and u..om~fl. "'Itu ',~ tells
us how a husband Ol' wife is to behave in marriaC:f. However.~.. rules of
permissibk behavior are USl.Qllly f!e:IdbIe.
K. CUttutes no 1000000r e»st in is.of:atfon. There <s no SOl:iety ~t COIn e:<:n 1:1 :.soIOlll",.
thus.languillte'$ and indir.enou~ patterns a.... being "l!J)iilced rapidl~. Many so<:iet es
 High marks i_n Civic Edu;<:1tion (From Grade 10 to 12) '=

OIre getting wltural ttaits from economically cami"ant soeietie! of tne world :North
Americ.a and Western Europe) while thl!Sl! sotietil!'S a[so adopt 'olft)rds. foo:l.:o ..rod other
~uraI traits from all ever the worid.

1:0

» It reinfon:es one's identity OInd abi!ity to cw...alty reflect on tn<lt ide:ltlty. This :IIJcws
., one to detJt!lop and interact with oth(!~. !;hlls, bringing mutual ~nderstandlna
between ozfferen: societies and peoples.
~ Il: is important for the Identity of a SOCil!ty. Since, cult-o,Ire indude.s language. r.n:si!.
danta, festiy~, ritlJa!s a!ld traditiol'\iJl craftsma.,ship. (uftl.:!';!1 tenule brings
identity of it sode:)·.ln times of need, songs, art 'Norb and texts can bri"l: l1o~e and
toIT.fort which relnforcl!'Sthe cultural and ~If..awarenes:l•
•I :;.. l.eamil'llilboutculture !ninp deveIopment.!f cululre i'5 interprl!t~ is 0I101o'hole of
beliefs. habits and eustOln$ of a society, then it Is the foundation of <!eve;o;; ment.
Economic; de'tl'eIopr:-.ent without roots in culture can never result In Sustal:l~bte
delo-elopments. Thus. the importance of wltufe.llls a goal, a 1)0111 of the daily rl~ality

,.
and a vital bctor in deYelajm1errt of all the people.
:;.. ~di"" to ~ Universal DC!'da~ at Human !tights (UDHR!, .1."1:ic.1e Z7. affil ms
every human being toft'eely participate In the cult:l.Irallife of one's country.
)> Everywhere, the Im~ of culture on individuals olnd the communIty development are

, being measured. stu:tied and redl~d.The.-e is Itel!n Intert:st in the relortior.ship

betlUeen arts and culture. and me ~Ic and socQl devetopml~t of our
eo:nmunitlcs.

,twPcs of Cultun:
re are ten typl!$ of culture and these inc.lude:
• 1) Mass culture
.;. thIs eulture is produced from machines and consumed on :1 large scate, ft)r
I!XlIImple, record industry. television and video tapes Ol'us5e'tteS.
-:. It 1$ also spread throueh eledron1c medlOI and othertyj)l!5 of hilh ''''''''''''''IO~ ogy.
m;ny children learn new behaviour that their p3fent5 did not know.'
"fh,U$.
thrc:ugh thi$ culture.
2) PQIlular Culture
.:. 1hk is a pmduct of chanPni; needs OInd innovations in people's Uvts. hence h:!'I
shclt-llved.
 Hi~h !.uark" ill Civic r.ducati~l! (From Gr~dt' 10 to 12)

~ This cutture;5 seen among the routh who ha\'r ~ew m.us~ fashion. an ant
•
others in entertainrr.ent.
.:. This culture also Ind~ pop music. ~ danc.e al\d pop dance.
3} Folk Cl,I!tl.:,.e
(. AJ50 knaw"lu residual cuftvre {remains cftl'te j)aSt}
y This past is noviftd from ~enu of ~e fori0Uen ~a5t due to noml:lk tastes
-:. Nostalgic tastes is a cesn of what used te)!:le cone;n ttw past
.:. Thi:$ wlturc is seen on the lnfluenu of technolcgiGll u..anae5 0I'l old tr;tditions.
For example, playin& old tJaditiorlal mu.si~Oo' National ~ion station.
41 Synthetic Culture
.:. This Is also called artifici;1 culture which has mainly de~b"yed the cul'nl-al
ider.ti:.('S of delle!oplnt c()Untt'ii!!; like Zambia who adopt westem CUltllles.
.;. Indigenous culture /uls been ol'llV prcse rvo;od as a tourist attrattion tn oe;.n
foreign curret!~"1
'.' This westent culture i:< consumed mair;ly in form of films, 'teleVision and radio.
Above all, western Lulture due to its high cechnological advances, It is llclmired
and enjoyed by many.
•:. An importar,t aspect of this culture;s COnlllmeri$m (popuLtr (onsumpti.)n).
Through adverts, people ilt'(! encouraged to l)uy and own ;:.rcducu such a.l
soap, food and modem items like televi§;OllS, cellphones a:'lo 1'lIdi05
.;.. This leads to in".pcrtirog tt\an llstng local produC"ts
S) Ideal Culture
.;.. Refers tOSOMl' klnd of aspiration of vtherE> a grotl.' of people would wil;~ to be.
for eurr:pl<i!, e>«:ry~iety views ilself in ill posi::i--e WilY and has the Ng lest
virtues,.od ..-t:andaftk it ~pires to be•
• •:- In thf§ regard. people in IlUfly societies ""'CI~ describe theT (uttu1l! in id~al
terms and 1>01 what is in rNtity.ld~als ~ r.o~ realized evny day. For eu~,
ZMnbia was :lO!clared:ll OIrlslian nation, b\."'t in reality zambians do not fI"e like
Christians.
6) Real culture
.;.. 11: ren-rs to th~ actual bIlhavior of people ir. ..society.
-:. This is the ac1:aal culture Pfacticed In a g.iyen society. For exmnple. S:eepi:lg at a
funeral until burial is zambia's real culture.
7) s..:b-wlture
.:- This >s a way;,f life er beh.lYior whi:h a small gr:ll,lp of individuals befonsil\i to
the same culture .nay pOl'trllY.
." .' .
•:. Sub-culture m.5Y arise due to dffferl:r:1 occupations in sm:ioe11' which rES1l1 ~ il'l
variations in pC"vu and prestige.
,,_.""' ...... :~".t..<.>.:~ '.<l'~"" .. ~.~.• __ _ _ .H
I'r"l'"r.,d bv Mis,. M. Machib Lt: AElll.1lhl ~lr. S,h.Il\Il;~' , '
 High marks in Civic EducationJFrorn Grade 10 to 12)

.:. For example. within the same cultural £tOUP, people with little eeua,tion will
behave differently from the w.ell-edueued in satiety. Betwl!'en the two groups,
'" there will be differenCl!'$ In the way the, dress, speak. drKS. play an<! will h.....e
diffeU'nt beliefs..
-> In reality, the ridl and the _U-edUtoilW~mayfOml an Mellte eulture" whieh i'l.
assumed to be expen~"e.

[
8) Counter culture
.:. This refers lo the behavioural patterns, and lifestyles shown by a group of
people that are apposed to tM generally accepted standards of beha~rour in
society. A group of street kids and unem~ youths -Nill have their own way
ofblkifll, leisure and behaviour, different horn the large!' sodety.
{. Therefole, their wav of oehavior would eonstitute iI counter cu!tl,ire ef the
• Seneral society, which is a form of social rebelllol'l
91 Culturallil!terogcneity
.:. 'This refers to a wciety that ccntailU a variety of groups of different rt-ees,
!Ieliefs, relic:ions illnd natiorlaliti es.
.:- lhe Republic of Sou':h Afr'.ca is an example with SuUl .:u..'U/re:.1t hitS a :;Iopn of
"Rainbow nation", t:J emphasize on the d"lVeI'5ity of cultures found thf'f'e. This
prtlmQtes ruJtllral pluralism whith unifM!s. recos:nizes ard respects th"
contributions of different cultures t<l the entire society.
10) Ci.rltural Homoseneity
-::. This is a common culture of peeple of a sImilar race. beliefs. religion and
~Hty.
Y Fer example, the North Afri~n Arabic Cauntries like Tlmisi<l and libya are of
the same rae;e. share the Silme religion 3nd Nationilrrty, thus, an!! classified as
homogenous.
,
l.Imbi.;?'s Soget31 COn!! Vitae:;

Col'e' means ~ I Of' very important whue ....Iue means the q~ality of beina; useful.
n.erefore, core valUC!$ an!! shared values whktl are pra.cticed 1n.1l societies in the wond. The
foI1owina are Zambia's core V.:ltues:

• 1. Obedience to Authority
•
. 2. Toleranee to other people's view!
3. Mutual re:spt!'ct
4. Res~fut"pr~
5. Puceful resolution of :onflia:
6. HOIlest(the qUlltity of telllll' the tn,rth)

P:-rpare.l by Mis.~_ \I. MarhilJ fl'A fl'll a:td Mr Silwonga

•Page t9=
 High
.-
In:1rks
. . in C]Vie Education
.. (From
... - Grade]
---
0 to 12) .... 1:
_ .--~--~~ -
7. Freedom ttf e:t:pr~!l(lll :IS lo"g a~. Ihe exn;e';~;o 1 do(!~ not Injure the other p<er~:1n -
S. Ilelief in me equill wC'rlhin~s of an human being>
9. Integrity (Ihe qcality of being hone$\: ::nd upright I
10. Social justice{treating E'veryone fairiy r~arcjtess of sex, race and ·:rib,e)
11. Cooperation(workil'lg togeth....... for a corrar.cn good)
12. love/the f,~cHng of p",,,,t affection tow<:!rds o1~1el;l
13. Loyaltylfaithfutnes:-: and tn:s~fulness to people or groups or organisations)
14. Peaee{not onl" Olbsenc'-" of w;:,r but freedom from any fOl"m of elsturbance or di';Ol"der)
15. Trust{rr.Hance on the truth)
16. Attainment of set goals; belief In perwnal su«:ess in whateVer one does
17. H..rd work lthc belief in thl" value and nobllitv of ",ork as a wo~k;l\g human
undemking)
0'
lB. Nationalism jertreme pride one·s country or 10l'alty to the country}: a person '-.an ,
do anything for the tOUlltry sl;th a~ ca,'rying tile ff"g everywhere
19. Patrioti$m (love and 10000alty to onc's country ,lnd willingness to take part in its
protection and dellelopme.:lt)
20. EHicieflCY and practkaHty: belief;11 achieving an e,ld with a least t,)st waste in t'Le
shortest time possible
21. Material comfort: equal ~istrlbution of w~altt: throughout the to~lntry to satlsfr the
needs of the people]
22. Scientific: aclvallCemeM: the belief in sc;enc:e ano Vc:hnolcgy as tOl~ls for making
progress to secure milterial comfort ancllolving society's probllCm!.
23.lndi~idual1sm:an art of c:oncentration of one's welfare at the expense of others

Cultural Practices 111 lamb13

The ethnic groups irl lamb,.. ~h<:re the following cultural ?ractice~;

".. Res~ fur elders fa ~i,d that eV.f'ryor.e older than oneself shoutrJI be accorded
respect in speech and tre~tment regardies:> of status, rMe or blooc~ relations). Fc.·
example, it., common to C:0l1l elder1\l persons as gr,lndmothers or grandfathers. YClung
persons are expected to kneel as a sign l)f rE'-5pect vlhen talking to dders.
./ Ertended tamily liystem: the Zambian eulture advOI:ates for the clCwnded family
system by keeping as m.. ny relatives as po!'S;blc in addition to one'5, own nuclear
falnily. In an event o'i both parents dying, Ine ~"ildren would be ta~.en to a famitol
member.
".. R,teli of passage: These indude ~l!ch rituals as the nollmlng of a newl:orn baby,
Initiation, marriage, rkath and .. tic: deOlth ceremonies.

. ..
..... ""= -"- -,."'" ~-'''--'"-- - ~.~ ,-, .. ,- -- ,
Prep~red by Mj5~. M. M3.-hji.l (l:,A FIlI.""l Mr..~ikao:or ,~ ..
 -
.; T~adit.ic;r.al ("I'l!=r.Otlic~. rr.zny b'aditiolui f:!Stiva,s are h("le to commemorate p,"-t
eYef11.s. O"".hcr functicHls of :ra:ftit!rW ~retl'l')nie$ inc!UI:!.,
I. r~g.. rcl\ect.ng a,,::I ~ir.fo.rcirg cultural :el.Jtlomhips and It lll.1t'S
11. O~Nylnl cenOlin ritl:,)l~ ,
iii. COmml.llliratinl: Importal'lteL:lteral th('ml'l5 th~uRh the Wit! af 5p'~ial forms of
lanluagl", music: an:! d3nC.e
,; Connec.Uo;'l to the a~~~
.I' Pl"O\idint oral hktory of ~1"I'U!I1t. pattern.. 0: :nJgr.;tion<;
" Rec:(Jl'ldling irtct'·voup umfficts Ill' ;:eacclul a>-exiStpl1Ce
.; Assertion of lo>~a1tro1dil1on"llnr:!c-'5h,p
.; Displaying 5Ynobo~ of ethnic citiJenship or sense of belonging to ethnic grouping •.

.. Harvest resthtal
• Commemorative cE'~emoni:!s which focus on aetivities that honor the memory of the
deae, migr.)lion histotl~'5 01 Qffl!Tln~ given to the gods ;mc ancestral spi.its for the
putand Mu.e .... e~!beiog.
• Rmgiotx f~ti'toils for thr fads in honor of 5opfii!ic spirib 01' t,ods.
• cenemonies wh''''; mewl" w;th rhythms 01 nature wch as new lnoon!>, fIocdinC cydcs
suc.h as KUClnoolc:a
• Cererno"ies fll r srl'li![/ lntim.at(, croup:; S.lch ,lS boys and girl wh.~n tnllY c.ome out of all'"
(at 14 ~o lSycaor-;j_ SUCh "rl'calil'd ;nitia:inn ceremnnie~ ilnd are perto,.",.,d in pri...... cy
for conf"tdpnti.-l!ity of k n ~... irrparted
• 501nf' cul'b..:ral festiv..is prOl'TKrte ~ st:ct. at ~ Ngoma AWOlrds

Public Cercmoll:es

. The followlne;ne some of the pub!;, cererr;"de!> prac.tked in Zambia

.:. IC:.!Nrboka uoremony of thP lozi

<- l!lT.u\o:nbcko ceremony of the lun:b people
~eop!~

.;. Lwiindi uorem::u'ly of 1hl! TOftga peop~

.} U~us(ofy.1l p;1I Nl{'wena n,r"many 01 the Bemba people

.:. M"bugocercm.onl" of the TL<mbu~ people
.;. XUbmb3kU8Walo tfremony of the Lenje peop!e
<- Shimunerlti' oerMnany of the 1:101 people
.;. Malailaceremony ef Ku"d;; ;:eople
.;. Lil<umbilva Mile '",,,many of the Luvale people
.:. Nc'wala cercmor, of the Neoni people
 .
•;. lr.ibwetamushi (p',emo<lV of the flis... at.. ~ people
". Chtnamanongo ceremony of t/'le 8isa ~Ie

01' T~dition.;ll ... ~: many Za"'bians -.ar iI vilri~ af clothes which iO'd~ bale
bottoms, mln,skirts, ti3h~. slim shirts, suits ilnd other garments. However, Lozi people
wh~ tr.Idltionilll d.~ differ between men and wo~n.loli men wear Si.<iba (kilt)
which;s simil3: to the Scottish .kI1t. ""en have akQ ill top waist c~ known as NolobakJ.
They ..Iso we.,r an IvOlY bangle accompanied by a wooden walkinJ;stick. On the other
hand. the LuvaleMakishi l!ancen display a variety of traditional atrnM whid! c!iffer
ITom Ukishi to Ukishi.
,/ The i1rt: Zambia's large "umberof ethnic groups hils ,eflerat«:! il wide r.Ilnge of 3rt$
..nd crafu. Express.ions or art:,. diilf'Ce, music. paintillCS. foIklore;are atverSe and
abundant. za,nbian5 have songs and dante5 for most occasioM. The! sonis not only
entet3in but pr.!ts.e. advise, leach and ~ke. Abstr.Jct p;illnting ~ not common.
Milterials u$ed for rr:aO"lg cralts ilnd uter.slts are mill"ly wood, "ilSS and dilY which
are che.. per and :;N~ilabJe
.r Hospit~!ily: traditional1'y, zamblaos are friendly people. I", .. tr.tditio.....l zambian
setting.. welcoming vis;tor~ i~ a core v..tue that is praetiu!d. It is rE'gt4,ied as a symbol
of bring human (ubuntul_ Visitors and stranters are KCl:lrded a war" welcome arid
treilted with ~pect and honoo-. However, in urban are~s hith levels of poverty ar d
unemploymer>t and efltcts of urbanization have ..f'k:cted this core v~lul:, though i,
wt.ces i:s being ~cticed linnly.

SUBSTANCEASU}E.

Sub>tance means a matE-rial 00- a type of matter. People use sub~ f:lr various reaso \5,
for eumple, we blce watll!r when l'hirslV. IlOcI medicine wh,m sick. However, substances <:il.l'l
be ilt:U'Sed. To abuse means Wng SO~;II8IOoTOl\1!Yor eccenively especially drugs.. Thus,
substance abuse meilns taking something often that your b:x>y does not need and for a
wronC rea'Sl)n. For 6ample, taking medi6fle ....hen net sick IS substance abuse.

Substanc.t'S h,1l ul'll::!er two :ategorie:s;over the coun~ $U~nd conbolted substano:>!'S.

I. OII;!;l'the counter suosta~l:s. thfSe are substal'lct!S that ean be easi~( bought over tne
«lunter weh itS PanOCo and Aspirin. One a;n buythes.f' even without any prescri~tion.
11_ Controlled substances; th(!Se are sub!<taoces whorh 1'.•1" only!lf' oblili~d il 00f! hil\ a
prel£nphon or <~c~l dulho....ation iho">y (.In IW' daroge ........ if not u<ed prOPf"rly. fur

-----------_._••-._•.• ,,'-.,,~.,._ .•••.__.,.._--, _--'----"::......~

.. ~ample. Valium, Mm-ph,,,.., Mandril_. Coca ne. Prth,d;n.> and Maf'juaflol

•
I'doe21
 Illgh
~
m<lrks in CivIC
,..- - _
F.dlH'ltlon (Fmm•Grad('
.* _ _ ..
tOto. 12)
.;;a;;,.~__ , ~ -,

• Depressants: th~ afp. sub~tanCC'S thOlt slow down the ilCtion 01' the <;entr"l n<lrYnus
• system. They aI<' iomrtimMo callarl secalillCls or Hypr.ctic.s. Alcchnl and Mane r;)ll aye
exampie; of dej:f"f's..ann. When ~ke.. in ..mall ;mo~l<lts df!c.rcl~es «warenes.. and
l
tension. Howe'lfet". whl:'.n tal:eo ir. large amo<.:nts, it leads into deep un;:onscioYsness
"",hich may ,es;<.:It;n (SeaL,.
• SrirnulAn~. tlus slim...i .ates the c=ual n~s syst~ "They spr.ed:.op the body
porOC6WS. The mM( co"""",,, slimulants ¥e Qlffeine ...-hich 15 found in coffee coca
coli!. thor.olate. dr.d some d'el pills.. Othet" stimular.ts include c<Kaine and nicNine. If
sllmu~",s 3rpo ~en In large iIIm:>unU, lhey become ~eI.SiI,,!s.ne!thry slo'"," down
the centr.ll ni'r.·OU5 5VStpom.
• Hallucinogens: af~ S"bstd1Y.~ wnich distort thE' way the brain t.... nslates impulses or
mess aRe 'I.om the ....nsorv ort",n:,>, p'·oCucing pe:"teptual thillnges. Distortion makes
the brain chanlle lllessage aboo' §Omethine real prod.,ci"t;U: ilIu~. The bn in al§O
procl~ th~ jr=r.e· whith e10 <'.ot exi~l in rea!ItyQll~ h:lllueination. E1f'lmpl,~s of

SIOc:h dl"'.lil" ;;ace C()('li'I~. Ma,;ic mushrooms, ec:szy.

• NatcobCS Of 0piatt"S t~ are ~d>'>t;;a,,~ ~ha! MOlke t!'te ~ dilll and reliewe pain
by depressing the Cetd>o":l1 cort"",. TIle cere!:lrOlI cor+.ex i'5 the cute. layer of the bf"ain
mponsitJe for w.<StioUsoc.s indud:ng per(eptbn memory.net learr.jng. lhf:-;e
~\l~;;anc:.csafff!oCt ~:'e lhalanl.... which is the ~s m:>cd ff'&Ulating Centre. N ~(tltlcs
are mainly deri-.P.d from Ih,. OfI.U"l ,mpi>'Y plant. They include ra'" opium, Petllidine,
MOIphtne, h... roi~, rnetkillrl'lne and t:xleine.
• Inhalants Or sollfcnh: Iht'5~ ne substillnces found in house/lol;e/ ~ ...oduets such 15 glue,
deodorants HIr.. perfume SII'''¥:< and fuel C:lses. nnce inh"led, th<! capillarv sur'ace of
tlle iunes allo~ r;",pid abo;.nr?tion Cot the SUb!itOlnc:e. It entets into the brain at a very
fast rate; hence, inlOlricatlnc effects ar",very high.

The fullgwing Itll! the eftrcts of $Ubsta~ abuse. In our ~ todu uo;e SUMUonces ;lK!'l ....
ako~ol. tobacco. so<'vPf'll:" 'nhaIatln anj drugs which c.an ~ dlngerOl,ls;f ab-.:sed.

a) ~ : i.. bmt:.... beer i.. ti;k~n Ofl many occtsions such;K l.cisure. initiation,
trzd;tionai and we:ldina Cl"1"etnOn?M.
• Tht.>uK~ onlf adults ale ..lIowed to drink Alcohol;s a ;Jur.!' colourless liq~id
prf:$(""t in drinks such a~ beer, wine lln<l Brady.

'::'--""-~.~•. _~~~ ..... ~

PuT-a.....,bvMi~~ \'I
-... -
M..,.h:."H..AUlI lnfiM.
---••._-_•.._------_.,.........
~;~w"..,' l>_n
 • Alcohol is also talcen for medicinal purpos~ for man\, medicines ennui" l
small pe~nt.Jle cl alcohol.
• AOcohol is abused when CIte ul<es too rnucl't an.1 often. If s"meone!itilrb
talUnt: somP.thi"! rrgularly ilnci eal'lr.<Y-: stop. that penon is said to h.il:~·e ..n
addiction. An alcoholic Is a person who is addicted to beer"drinkin,_ Akoho!i,;:Tl
is.ll severe and d,mgerCll,lS conditic... caused by ph'{'iiear der.ene!ency on alcohol.
It impair.!> phvslcal and m~ntal he:llth
• The stren,tt.ll of a:1Y alcottoli: beverage c!~s on t.M pen:entate
~~tion of a chernic::allcnown as rth:lnol per Jiven vc.ume. ff a bevf!n£e

ha!. a hietuN' ~ct'ntllll(' of Ethanol per volurr.e, then a 0""" is ""ore potent.
The ta~ beltlw sl"OlN:S tM percf'fttO!g(! a>ncentration of Ethanol in diflerr.<'!t
bev~ages:
,
! Beverage I PeF..ent<llle(%}of Ethanol
~ Moxi la!:;er
Ohlssons !ar
~Ie~eo'
I:.5
S
~{,
J
Chibuku
l~~o-
Wine
I KachasullradItiM;dwtlle)
-.
!='.5-65 I
~ Seirits . J 31-45
Effects of Alcohol

,f lrH:reasts bfood prusure ar.d heart be.. t

'" (.;juses \/iolent beh;)vior
~ Negati\le1v .~ffects the brai"
,f CalK./!!; (irrilosis (~"'st" of t:hi:: lion,: the live be;e,.l\':.es fatty and t"~led c.allsing
inf1olm~tion). This Ql"'O Iou of appe~. aXlomiflolEl dr..comfor'.: and ~ttl. ITll kes
=~ ~l wam'l. whrn one in re'illity islosi"B M'ilt leadirll to Hypofuermi'il.
" ~turtS per(~iotl 01 time an:::! space ~nd afterts the sight U1usinB one havlfl:3 -l(lUb!e
Or multiple visions.
" Cill.lSes Withdr2W31 Clmditi~ns w:ted Delirium trt.'mens
b) Tobacco
.:- This is a 1I.Ibstan(e that is ~mmonly a~.1t contains PrOicotine. Tar and
Cat'lmn Monoxide which are hlnnful to ~ t:ody•
•:. Whtr. the person smoloes t"ftw. su!»tances. t!'ley entrr the blood stream and
lungs.
- c._ __ IIigh marks
.. ---
~.
111 civIc Educ,lllOn
---:.;....... I Frum (;radl'
.. '---_. ;._...-:.....__
-~ =~ = . 10
- --_.to 12.1 -...... 0.=...._

.:. Nicorilw,~" wlolJlle~s !1.1nnful drug. I: "ct~ <IS a stimulant and speeds up the
1~an$mis$ion c,f nerve ll'llpubes if t ..ken in ...mOlIl dew.. If ~ale:en in l<:rge dosf'S, it
slow!, "eryp lmplIises resulting In reduct:~I"Il)f he.. rt beat
.:. C<HblJfl mO,Ulitit:1e i~ a d~ .. dly gas that "ffect:, the blood's aoil;ty to can'! 0 (~gen
• <:lround the body. It lll50 zffects the ;ution 01the cma {hairsl .

er contains wblt.."", willc:h <auses c,oncer.

£fu!a~ of SII'lQkif!g

':. Bronchitis
':. ElJlph~';ema (lullS e:seasc wl':kh affects breathinc)
.:. '~I!art ci ....asc (Ni<:Qtirlc incrp;)se.s ;,e",rtbc<lt wl'tkh wear,; down t.12 heart)

.:. C"n~er(9Q% of deaths from cancer r~ultlllg from c?ncer}

.:. 81000 doh and .<>tornach utcer.l
.:- Oamage lo tile unbe,n b;)b,t'~
.:. S;!lcrtne~s of breath
.:. Colds, flu and other illfection~
.:. Non-~mQker~,lnhal(!~meke whicn maKe~ them
pclssive $r.,oi<",r~,
.:. Deforestat.ion (due It> the pro«'!.$.:;f drying and c",r;ng tobacco)
'1 Inh'l!ilQIi
~ A.re sub'l't:3:1[CS ti'ut ind-.ldl.' volatil... ~olventl and g<:OS2S Volatile substance~ are
found in hcmseh"ld ~ub<;t<ltlces $u~h ;:s glue, paint, nail p:>li~h, petrol, tipe~ ,,"d
rubb<-r
.. Thr:V ;Iro. sllifl<!:1 !mm <in <>P"'" rcmt ... iner or a rag snaked in;, subsl"nc." lA~en
I:'", 5~b5lance is i"hai~, th~ lungs ,,11010' , .. pid absorpticn; I;ern:e, it enter., the
era", <lint'! ;;Itfe~h it.

.. High bbod p,·essu'e

.. l-1e"d"che, slIJrr"tl s~e<;r and losl 01' motor cocr<!in<:tion
.. aash Mound the "o~t' al"d mot/Ill
.. Vinl"n~ rw.!'Ia'lior
.. Unp'..dkt;lbl" beh""lo.
<> Me!t1Of)' impairment
.. Ab"orm"F,tics ofthe t.iver "r:d kidn:i!:¥
u Red, e1asw ami l"atcf'J ci'f'S
.. Di~tortl. percp.i)tlon or ti:'l'le and 5p<>;ce

•
 A dru£ is any ,",b~rce which cha"ll!'S the c.hl!mirtry of the bodv and affects the nawr..1
boIbnw of the mind;ond the emotio~ Drugs un eithH be n20tIJr'3l1 or synthetic chemicals.
Natural drUCS are th~ feur:d in ceru:in plants such as caffeine in
coffee.~ahydrocar:Rilbinof[THe). found in c.annabi'S and Nlccrt:ir:e in tob~o. Synthetic
drugs ue rnanl.rfacw.-ed drugs such as Panado ~ ~irin.

1. CANNAWS
• This is !I hard !:Nown "'ater~1 01" herbai ml~ that com('$ from a ~nnabis
plan: .1tId it is an Hlq:al ptoont in bmbla. TherefOIl'.lUtlen lambians .. u~
found Nit:h it. it is an cffence.
• The drug has many streft na~ such as 0 .......,. Blow, W~. Honh, pot.
Gang. Ganja, and Shit.
• It is locally known as Chombo.
• Thus, cannabis is in ttmoo forms.
I. Marijuana: this comes from the dried [eaW,:s, flowers or
stems of the unnllbis plant. It has a concentration of delta·g·
tetral'lvdrounnabinoIITHC} of about ()"12%.
ii. Hashish, this is made from the dark Slick of th.- plant. It
contains THe of abcut 12-18%.
al. Hashish oil: I\'I.iIdp. from compressing Hashish to produce oil
usint a ~.olvent. COMentriltion of THC is ;Jbout 18-2S, and its
more potent than the rest.

.. Makes the us,er ~ ~usted

n Affects the n:emo....... concP.l'ltr.lticn and coordi03tion

.. Affects the r"SJ'oductive system by reducing sperm count in mak:s and
,negular !rlE'nstrual cycles in ft!'fnilk!s
" C&uses car-reo-
.. Makes the m;"r paranoid ;!nd anxlcus
.. Makes the m;er talbtive
2. HEROIN
.F Is a brown or white spec.kle<l powder made from juice ertr.Kt from unripe
(apsul(' of the poppy plant. The seed C<lpsule of the green Opium produces
a milky juice (Latelll frum whi(h many drugs can be made such as Morphine
and Codei"e.

-T',... ;>ar~<l hy Mi,;~ ....... ~ ":~:':-:;",7':' ::::-:-:::----••--•••.-.,....-----:~.."

M. MMh h (RA r:ll) and Mr. <;ilo..'''IIC'' I':lr,r 76
 ..... _~
High m3rks \11 CIVIC
-,-,,, ..
Education
- = =e-
(Frcm Grade 1() to i2) 0......-0-- .." , _ . . . : . '

'" H~rcl:, i!i!MmC!d t~l'OUgh a ,h~I"'lK;>i ptoce~, ol modihln;t Morphine krown

• 01.11. as aa,l;ylati<)n. MOl'F!'l!ne I!. used to e.'Oe ,;,2"fel'l'! pains; how-er, It is
dOlr.gerCU1 when not 1.'SeC! plopc-rl)o
.....1< .,. H!'roin is l':',3inlV takl'"l'l by!omDlt:ing. ~.,:ffill!:. ,njeainl ~o the veins.
.", 'T1te slrer! ....,,.,..e fOl" the C:ll,ll OI'e: brO\'V:'" sugar. smox.k, 1k.ag.. horse

.,

-. " Ca~lkathd .. e t o ~
.,. Irregular mel"..str'U3ll).:M in wcmen
"
"
Dam<\&e50 1hz heart OIra.l the l(idOC!\">
CaU1~ mood swi:lf:$
" Causl!!i d~e5.5io;l
" Loss of appl!Me
.,. Di~torts the understanding of thi;l!:S
" Disturbs the p;lrtl~m ef nerve, a~tivitv
·9·

3. COCAINE
.:- Coc3ine is a whit~ powdl!'r lll3de hem thl!'c Il!a~ 01 a Co~a Plant. It is (,ne
of t;,e olde<;t drutfS u~ in retici()Us ceremonies for meditation and OIn <lid

... '"
• oil
te tOMmoni(;ltlr.f; with n~tut~ The lea~s of a tOl2 pbnt when thl!we~ tan
te!ievl!'c foatl3ue IInd h!.lng",-.
-:. Howe-~. r<Xailll! i~ uwal!y smoked and tan ~ lnj«ted mo the blood.
... It c.;:n ilk" ~ Ol'"ally be taltl!'cn by rnixi.-,g with a liquid Or ill c.Jpsuie for:n .
•:. Coca cola .. s.ai:I to howe ;t:;ti;!1y c.o:ltai-.et! ~ W:rY sma'lllU4llltity 0: ~o:aine
before: It Win f:"mo\lt':d 190.1.
.;. The ~fef!"l !" OI:r.es for COCOliN! 0Irt' coi:.". Otariie, $.now lacllt and dusr

~. Orymouth

.:. S<l!'cvere weight lou

.:. IndiRe~t;on
..... f.xh.. u~tion and lacir "': S~tp (lnwmnia)
-:. rr<W\~nissiQn cf l-iIV! AlD!) through 11... rin: of ne..."'Clles
.:. Death dl.:e to overcos!'

r
.a ~"T___
High - - ".in. _'Civic
ll1<lrk~ " Education
_.. = (From Grade
c·....,- - ._.10
=. lo 12) -&...-..; .,;;::;:;...-

.:. ~r alertness an::lel!'Viltion of moods To

,/ CurlC>$it'/;)l ~,il"atiot'l WhN£' one WClt'lH 10 t<lst" ,lnd e~ll('rit"fl(f> what it feels lil.e. rhis is
usu~ly done by young people who are k>'en to be ildventurous ;and e>fpuime-nt things
for ttw!~1veL
,/ Perr R~sufe: some your.g people end up takinl subsuncl!S because they Wilnt to do
what their ft-;encis lIrt dOi:\ll.
,/ 1f!r'lO@n~ei Sl:lme people take substan~(>.5be1:ause t~,ey era nOl aw.re of the l!ffe"t:5, of
which It may be too (ate when they realize it Oamilge would ;'i1vt been clone.
,/ Slreu; s.ometimes pe:lopte take su~tiInc;eli ~CllUse of stress. ,"nd they feel drugs can
comof<! them. Stre'lS un rrsuJt from deat:' of loved CM'. divoru and bilure of a'
t'lIilmination.
,/ AVililabil"ty of sUbstanw:;: Sl.Ib~ta~s are ~eadily available at market!>. Substanco~s
such as solvents (glU<!. lipex and methylat~d spirit) and alcoholk: belle raCes are I'asily
;'Kcessed at mal1cets•
.; A1ienjttion: when iI penon feelS ~ted, fights to find a IrouP to !:ekm.c to espedaUy
those who are also isolated. Such .. person may feel wekome in a pl<l~ Where t~;,;
substance abuse. StN/et kids and teenagers are examples.
." Unemployment: m<ln~ yout'lB people lire unable to find jobs despite being qualified.
Soch ~ple usually .~ort to sob!;tanc~.. bu~.
,/ Lad! of recreation atlM"til!'S: many ~Ie ha~ nowhere to spend ':heir leiSUl'"e lime
dul' to bd:ine recrl'!.ilOOn fuc1rrties, hence ,esot't to 'Wbstlln~e abuse to pass time..
" Enhancement of ;:;rlf-sonf>&o.nse;jltK! RCrfQnnittJ ce ; some ~ple !:lclielle tholt bl: ne
certai,., drugs may I'telp them improlle their self-confiden(e and performance i,., sports.

....
se~ual ,ntercourse, examination and other activities. This enoourates SubSlanc~
~~

,/ Sudden d"_nge in personalil\'

,/ Unosual,nood sw:ngs
" DecJine in school perl:>rman~
." S;)en;;l,nl more time aw3'I' rronl home and school
,/ Theft and OI/l'O"--borrowinl; of money
,/ Heavy use of Il'f!rfumes to disCUise the smetl of substances
.- loss of appetite
,/ Wearing of sUrlf;l..sses <It iln lnapprcpriate time to disguise O~·S appearance
,/ Possession of ~rtair; ma ~rlol!s =h as stT.. ~. pill bol<H. needles. 6lass bottle'l.
• P~ee18
 High marh i~l CivIc Education (From Gr.ulc 10 to 12)
G = =
'"
Te k~ aw;ay, one Iohouid do tM foi!ewing:

-- $.ay NOTMANK YOU!\.lJhen ~bodylliv~~ youasubsun~ or ~rug

-.
Giv;ng ." rea~:;li"I o· excuse.
......
,-
~
Chanting tl\eo sU!:ljecl
W."IJrir.e: away

OD do -,- Avoiding the situ.,!;"n where s.... bstances afe abused

Associating with nOli-users
keep bu~y

..t When somebody l.mtitely depends on substancEs, the situation Is CliIlIed addiction or
depende~.

,/ Subn..noo ~dicticn un either take pnvs;Q! or l'lSychoIogical form. Physkal

d",pendenc",;s "",ht,n one tries to wft!ldn.w ~nt: a subs....a nce but fa.:es physieal effects
s:.Idl illS shaking olM poor ooordmation. While psydlologicilll effects is where one
expel ien.:es anxie~ and depl"ession &IP. to ...ithdrolw of abused subnance.
..I' Some subsur.co!' users can only feel an fMect ~ take l."go!'<' doses of the sutostal'l«.
These users Olre called dr.,:- toIer","ce levels.

!mpact of substance abuse on society

"' Individualle\le-!: an abuser 01 substance is likely to h<lve health ~ roblems resulting

from the llfte't~ of the substance taken,
i. Owing to j)<)Or he..:th, the victim may aff,~ work;n! and studyinS; cultllte.
ii. The vic;tim ",OIY not have support from his ar her loved olles.
iij. Due to overdeo>el'\dence, the sUbstanoo acuser uses a kit of mollo!'Y
..t Fa:flily level: ~ubstanc:" abusers tend to neglect thrir fami!ifoi as their priority is to
acquire the s~bsta!\Ct'.
i. A5;a r~sult.!'hey end up ~tealin!: from frie,ets and familic:; an::! have more
ueclits which some f.mily members m;,y not know about; N!I'I«, .. II family
members olre ilffectetl.
11. This tpac:hM yo.Jng Otle$ in the family to start abusins tht~esalso.
... Community and niltion..! levels: some substance abUSl"fs commit crimes like murder
and robbery to ac.qui.e more money 10 wpport their dl'1.l1: cnns.u,,,pti"on.
i. others m.:l\'!le involvc<l ir. pros.titution ami drUB tr~lCki ..g.
ii. The$f: illesal ;"Jclivi!;C$ have a negative on the community and natien at large.

= ., -'"'~-' 1ft, , ... - _ . .%. . ,. ._.__,_ _.w••

1"'''p"",'<I by Mi~~. Mr ~ik."mg.,

-
].I, M,lt'h;l;:, ([J ./, I- l)) ,,,1<: PJA" III
. '

",. Th£ spread of HIV and AIDs islike-Iy to be high amol'lg sul),otance abuser.. due to

iv.
risk behaviour such as unprotect"d sex., ;md sharing of needles. The ablaer
when ilt, the whole community is affected.
It ~~uses accidents "nd ";ol",nce behavicr
..
'" International level: drue, trafficking is .. major international prc:bh!m.
I. It refers t~ the illegal rn<l!'lufaetunng ,md selling of drugs.
H. MOlley I;:l\mdering is common in drug traffick'ng for examllie, some dru~:
traffickef"i vs mr..,~v ebtained l1Iega!ly to destabilize government through
corruption, intimidation, violence and buying votes.
iil. Money launderi"g affp(ts the economy of., nation by c.,u~ing inflation.
iv. Therefore, the drug and substanCI! users negatively have affected sodeties at
inte"nationa! levels due to arug tr..ffic:Cing and money I.. urdering.

Role of the c;ommunity 11' combating substane{! abuse

,/' Abolishing of the tultivation of drug crops such as Marijuana. The government s~ould
eome in .. nd help to ma~e sure no one eultiviltes th1s dilr.gerous d"ugs.
,/' Edutating tt.e people on the effects of substance abuse i1nd the need to eontrolltle
use of these substances ;lnyhow,
,/ Taking keen interest in onc'.s communitv; I'""ople should love th.. ir communities ~nd
identify the signs and symptoms of substance ahuse, and report lhe institutions
wncemed to deal with them.
if Employment: lhe government and commllnily at large should pro\lid~ a wide rar l:e of
en'ployment opportunities to discourage unemployed people from substance ab,-,~_
,/ Changing people's attitl.lde towards subsbnce abuse; through entertainment such as
poems, drama and dell ate
,/ Establishing I:roups and dubs; this may include Anti·drug abuse dubs and ~ommllnity
rehabilitation centres which eon!rol substance abuS!!:.

Measyres u~ to fisht substance abuse in Zambia, . ".

,. Government has enacted the !<ltN under Act No. 37 of 19'H to prohibit trafficking,
exporting, possessing, cultillating, manufacturing and use of Narcotic ilnd psychotropic
substances
11. The public is sensitized on the d.mgcrs cf substance .abuse and thcf.~al imJ»ica~jon,
Drug abuS(' is liable for punishment by imprisonment for <lo period n(lt excP.eding tlm
{lG} years if found guil1\'_
Ill. The govem,nent of Zambi,. also works with other countries to eKchilnge inform_ti"n
011 drtJ8 tr..fficking ilr.d related crimes in order ~o atTcst offenders

= ss • _~,~,"'"_._._~ . ._"."._••• •• •, •_ "••~

.. _
•
Pr.. p",,,rl by ML,~_ M M ...d.i1 ... (fU. EG) ~nd Mr. S;k... ,,,,~:... f'~!-", 30
 ~._-
High marks in CivIc
...............-. - '---=-0= - ~ -
Educalwn
- - -.=.:..~ - -
(From
-
Grad<' to to 12)
_ .. -- -- - --.----. ......,,---

u . n~ that fi Ilt u' stance aoose

'" r" 1989, tne governrr.ent ~bb!ish2d the Drug enforcement ComL."i~sion (DEe}
This commission is a novcr:1ment department charged with the responsibility
of clJr~ing substil~ce "bLJ~
". Th,s commission ~...s offices in all the provi..,.:es in zambi" with Cl National
[dUCCltion Campaign Dillis;on. The dillisicn b respo"siD!e fOI· dissem;natin~

• iiL
information Intended to sensiti,e the public on the effects of drug abuse.
The d",partment also works with Non-governmental organisations {NGOs} and
other government departments to reililbilit~te victims of substance .,busE.
Some NGOs Involved arc: Planned ParenthorKl M5cci"tion (,f Zambia (?PI,z);
Youth Alive; Young Women's Christian Assot iation lYWCA); Voung Men's
Christian Asso:iation (YMCA); Society for famlly Health (SFI-I); Churches; Sports
in Action {SiA); Youth Media (trendsetters).
~uld

. YID.. SOCIETY ANI!] MEDIAIH GOVER'iANCE

·1 Society: these are non-n,ilitary or non-gO\lernment.Jl c:rgar.ilations that make it their

~ne~s to defend and promote tile ideals o~ good govern,mce.

Features of CIvil Society

,. it is not profit-making.
~of ,. Draws m~mbershlp from form,,' and infor~,al organiNtions And as,o, iations.
M.
,. Shapes its OWn nature of needs and interests.
,. Draws .sup~rt from vle!l·wishers SUCh as conors and ether institutions.

Qi'ssiflcatiQn of Civil S<xietv in Z;,mbia

il society in Zamb,a can be classified into VilriOlJS g~oulls:

1. Intemational Oreanisatio.!s (Chapter;:
OIl Wo,nen In law .,,,cl
Development
b) Warner, In law in Southern Africa
c) Transparent International lambia
2. Pressure Groups: These al'c formed to influence fiov2,nment dedsie'm
Cl) Oasis fnrum
b) Citi~en forum
3. Civic Organis<Jtion: These .• re COllterned with issues of human rieht.<., Civic Ecucotion
and good governanC('
al Zambia Civic Edu.:ation Association
oJ AntiNoter Ap"thv Program lAVA?).
cl National Movement Against Corruption

.- 4. Women's Groups: Their aim is, to promote and protect women's .'igMs
 2) Women for t/'Ianle
bl Nationill WO'menLDbby Group
cl Yount: Women Olfis.~ Anoc:i,)tian
5. Professionilll Assodatial1:Th~ """ pr'm<trily farmed by people in t:he satnl' prof..."Ssicl11
such ,)sTeachers, Miners.. lawyers, ~mol1B others:
ill Y\III Association of lambia
b) Women in Law and Developmem in AfriGll
cl P1'ess Auoeiation OfZilmbiil
dl Z,.mbU Independef'lt MeCliJ ~s5Oriation
6. lndl,l$trial OrIl3rnu:ions:These 3re farmed by people in the same industry wet! as
SChool, Mlni"g, and loc:al Government. flcamples indude:
a) Trade Unions
bl Z,)rrn»a co~ Associoltion.
cl lambia national farmers union.
d} Z.m!:>ia ;assoc,a1,on of manufactllre5.

1. Rel.ic10U'S OIuOllnisation: ~ "re orgill'li.lations formed by Christiiln d1urdles .. nd

other religions.
~) Hindu i1ssoc;2t10Cl of bmbicl.
b)lslamk assodath:m of lamb'iI
cl Coundl of (hurches in Zilmbia
d) Young womer. Christian .sS<Xi;ation
RQ! E5 OF QV1l 'j:OC1£TY
, To defend the ide;;as et dl!m0cr3CY.
" CoJrry c.ivic education ac.tivitks through se-nSilililtio:'l and publi~ awaroelleSS
" Influence pl.'bli.:; opInion threugh advo.:;a.:;v
" De~tes bills and Influence dmendm~n or decisicns of the leeisiature
, Act iI5 an ~ent of d e ~ change
, Promote and defend hum2n riJhts 2nd the rule of law
" fllsures that governrnE'flt and other people in ",uthority are ,),:;,:;oulltable
" Ad as a link between the people ;md e:overnment
" Publicize and 2l'ticulate publit opinion

REOUIREMENTS fOR W ESTABliSHMENT Of O ....ll SOOEJY

.. dti:ens who a<:«pt QPI)Osing views
, f2vourable laws which permit and anow the esta~ishmenlof civil society
... A ,overnmerlt which is tolerant to divel'gent opinion of minority ..~ouPS
.. p ~ poj)Lllation which is. reildy t::I jUrtiQpate In community,.:w:t natio~1
activities
.. Existence of specific prohlems

QTlZfN PAJmClPATlON IN GOR\fERNANg

~ is the invoNem.en1 of people in decision makint process.There are three ways by .. hKt> a

. ......... .....
dtil.en an parti6pa~in gO'«'tTlrr.ent aetivilies.
,
PT"raTed oy Mi,~ M. M.,rhlla IR/I En) amI Mr. Sik.lf1nS>l
• la
•• I'.lll;e 37
 .. e
High marks_In CIVic Education
_, • .m7-·
(From Grdde
r_
'-'S
IOto-12) .__ .-:0.
- =

I. P()/itio:t1 Al:tivlty: Th,.; ,"vcl\'I!':~ a per~nn p~rtjtipating in votin&. contest.ng In ~

po(itic3i offic.e. attenc!inc: a polilical meeting. among cthers.
... Civil SOCiet'1 Actir,Itin:ThlS an ~ .. pers~:1 tG'ning a civil so6ety or ",uend:ng
!iol!'miNIro>. ll!Oldill& pc~e~ ..nd ~terja!s, and pa..-.icipoltinS in '!!':gal
demo:1Stroltions on governance issues.
;ij. CoIr.munity ~tillify: This is where a pe,.,.:xt ,,:-tent's ill ",mml,lnfty meoe:ing
~LdI as aPT.A meeting 0( mound'"g bric:k5 fur a community Khocl.

WQM[N PARTICIPATIQN IN GORVE~

The~ are cel13in factors tnat h;we o>ntributed to less p.lIrticip.u>On et ".1C)tI"~ in 1000!l"nancO!..
These include:
•. Culture. Cultur..l beliefs ~t encourage vlOmen te er: ~ubordifNltc to mtr. to.<lS
=ntributed ~o thl$ filet. Women in most Q!ieS fill inferiQf"to men.

, ii. Mole Economic, Dcm;norn:e, This i!; a sm.:.~tion when! some female candidat~
have failed to tampaign due to I mlted ft.,.,nce ;lnd males ha...e taken
dominance ov~r the sItuation. In Zambia statistics have ~ rOiled th.;ll th,!re ~re
mOl"e rich mOlles thOln females.
'ii. uxk of:solidarity umon9 wom~n.This has .. Iso contributed due to tne f,lct that
most women do not believe In their fello'N wome".
iv. Politicol discrimil1a:lml. A poHtical pGrty committee is r~pOl\sible for adopting
c<lnclidaU's ... nd thes.E' are dominated t1y men a"d this makes it dlffkull fa adopt
iI f~male.

51GlNlACANa OF OTIZUI PARlIQPAI!.Q!1

Without (it;~en J:i1rtitipatlcn rhe following can hap;>e:n:

Po= g..,"ernm1"nt policies may eo unchecked
People remil,n iCnofant on covermr::ent policies and inte,tiom;
Government leaders. m;ry be elected by 3 minority IfOi,JP

MED!A
The W'OI"d media simply me.,1tS me<!il.lm, meaninc co b2tween.
Media. rherefcre refers 10 all technical dnvices used to disseminate
information to tl-.e j)Olblic:
M3SS m~i.a refers to o:lifferent rr.eans of (1issemlr~r\£ j"forTnoltion to pec;ple

TYPl$ Qf MEDIA
There ilre two types cf m~d;a.
al [lectro~jc medi.:l.
b) Print ml'cliil.

"".
- .. •
_ _ ..,., _ L •• _ ~ ...
__~_..;.-High mar;';s i:\ CivIC t-:duCClllOn (From Grade 10 to 12)
',-"--C-",,--"-=-w. _"....... - . - =_. - ,., ---..-.--. ~= .

"''''lO!'MENT
.. This is iI process of 'mpt'ovoement to meet hwnoln needs at Olll ievo!ls of socilety
.. It Is. iJlsa the rceplaceml"M of tne old with somethins compiet8y new, such as
constructine iJ school where the<"e had been no school
&oNO..,I, PEVElQf>MCN!
.. This is the ,":re:l5I:l in fNo number 01 production industries leading to an intreasf in
the .. mount of goods illU! 5.eNkE!S product'd in a period af time.
.. Economy: This is any action in thoe production of gaod'> ilnd servi~"

W A COUNTRY CAN AOftl'".Jf. ECONOMiC DEVElOPMENi"

Expansion of agricu:turc
Production of surplus Roods
,) Expansion of manufacturing Industrie~ to protess vi,rious products within the counlry
Improvement of technology
Researdl. on Ilew technolosy

uctive c..~:This Ol. the ability to produce more BOOjs.,

fIlationallrn:ome: This Os. the total vall:e of goods an::! s..."rVic:es produced in a YCON" and
~ in MonilOly ~nr.s ~u!:lt.raet:ing the expenditure,

At lPMT
Social development is the lmproveme!'l! in lhe standards of livine of the people
.... thIS is the level to whirh il"ldMduais are able to fuffill their potential:lO anI! needs
.... In this caS<C pcverty become'> !he btue'>t oC:SQcll! to soci.ll ~~Pme:'lt

etty: This is iI state of !>eing poor to an exter.t when'!' ~ person has 00 suffICient mone\! 0.-
ourc:es to ;!offord the basic tleeds s'-lch as food, shelter....

DICATORS OF SOOAt DEVElCPMElIlT

re there is SOC<i11 develcll"':'1el\t. there is
, A::(;~s to ~ nl"e<b

.. Good goverT\ilnce
.. Human!ightl
.... Al:te~~ to opportunitie~ to help individual altilin tnei~ goals.

IASlC NEEDS. These ilre th;ng~ th<lt" person Cilnllot do without. lhese are:
li) food
(iij Eduaotion
(ill) (JeilO watet'
livJ Heillthy
-~..,,-":;:;_':';;;;;;;;'----_._
• _•.~,,-,"••---,--••_---- = --
f')'~ll'd hy MI~~" M. Mmi'"h (If ~ Im) .md Mr <;ik~c.nra r"I.'" l~
•

Iv) Sheltl"l"
(vII c:O:hirg

FACJOf'S Of PROOUcr.oN
.- The aim of an ec.or.<:Jmic activity is to pN>:Iu::e goods ill;':! sentica. F-oI goods anj
~ to be produced _1'I1H!d certain resources ~o be readil!f i.~ilillb!e..
, Fcaars t>f Produetiollar~ ,~~ mat ~ to be put in pUlce tor production 1:0 takfo
pl.ace sl./dl,)S tJ";ln:<D:;wt, maricet iJno ~l~er.
R~rc"s needed before production takes p!a~e are grouped in tour ntegories,. th~ are,

1) ~;C'Omprises of resal!r~ nude available by nature ar.d ore Ol'lly found on ~a'-..h.
Example, agriculttJ:'e. t:imber. soil. water.
21 lABOUR: Th;s is the numan ~Or1 diverted towards productioll of JlOIxts and services.

TYpes OF lABQUR
.:. Sk"Ued laboar. This is the laoout that ~quirei pl'cfessional trili"irlg wcll as Teilchers,
lawyers and Doctnrs.
•;. xmi-Skilled labour. This labour requires training fo, a short pc:.riod 01 time, that is. from
six weeks to j~s than a year tilte carpentry, I'll.lmbing and Driving.
•:. Unskilled lab ocr: is f"bour that requites IiUle tTaining or dOn!> not require .ll'ly kind ,)1
tr~inln& ~u(.h a~ gardeners, dcant1"s and hlnn workc~.
EFFICIENCY OF LABOUR
Productivity refers to outPI.\·t per worker per period of ti....e. Thert~ are SC\,eral factors tlldt
affect the efficiency of l<lbour.
,
FAqQRS ,!,ffW1NG THE E.FF1QENr;Y Of lA8QUR

.:. Ecucation and Training: A pe~ ~ is tdUC4lted with a scund professiotlal tralnine wi!l
be mcM'e rifecti= than the one l¥.lting training. .....
....
.:. Workint COnd;tic.n: This in'Mlv~ things like. a good s.tlary. well ventilatecl plaa.: of 'ltcrk.
r.o ~hh h<ilz.;uds. Th,s helps te> motiw.te ttle wcmeers to 60 their be:$t . ffOC
•:. Welfare Servius: These: are ~CI5 prO'iided to iI w:>rtel" sud13'5 mediall eare. fun~T31
trant. transport a:'ld hou~ .
.;. Motivation: '!his invoh."'e'I nrious Inuntives Sl.<d't <l!i plavg:·r:lI.lnd. boncses. sponsored
~"ies

1. WITAI,;This is the human mad(> resource. tt indudes al physical aSSe5 made In I~ ;)il'5t
and are avail3b1e for prl!Se"t use Hke ma<:h,nes and buildings.

TYPES OfCAPlTAL
There are two types of capital and these are.
I. Clrculjltinr. (flpil;)l or Working capiti'!

••.._._._"•._---_.~_ ••._... _.~_.,.-':":~':": ••.._-_.. __ __•..__••_.•••,.._-:.- -""

P""Il,'II',1 hy MI~\. M. M",hila (0.,\ r.nj ,1:\<1 II,r <;ikJUll!:.1
_. ••
I age "If>
• = _ fligh marks in Civir EduGltion (From Grade 10 to 12)
_._.~-_. . .~.

Money is an nampfe of cira:latif\!: u~l. 1be diagram OVff/.ri>:at sl~ cin:"l.atins

Q~it:l.

,
'.Quke

n.

'om

This con:sist$ of mo~ and ~todcs of raIo\' materiClls which oonttib:.rte to proc!l.lttiOf>.

li, f[1'e4 C"PiEl. 1 hese are I'quipmenf <lnd b ~i1ciin!l~ tiMt ;lrt' ",""'d du fin" productio nand
doPS not Cholnte form

will C;APrtAl gOJM\.llAnoN 9! fQRMATIO~

....
l'hl$ ~ to u.r.1~:tW i:'l the prociut:twr. of e;:;pitiP ~oc;Ids In addition tu ...... hat the (:ounfry

FAcrORS v.l-IlQi AffEO CA?lfAl fORMATtON

3) to!!!!' h~f)me; ~w imome me.,"s th:U a per!>On cannot save some mOfley tot- fvture
use.
b) !:2.n~umDtjQD h'lllUi People t:easurr expe:.siv.e and luxury things sum as an
eXp<!ns~ Beru Cl., beer_. This makes them have lessor no s.<vlncs.
cl Extended1imi!v M!em: The Zambl'lI:c"lture which promot;e uten6ed tam~y
systbn tend to contribuUo on how a family can makesorTl2 u\oi"CS. For insUlnce,a
filmity that c.on2sts of tlvet! ~mbeA ca:,> ~ve ~n thoIt of te....
d} No f~ plam;' p~ tend to.lO~ mewe on their cwrent prcble<m. that Ihey
might anticipate.
e} !.Mge guant,¥ ut ImQ9l1.'.::2..g~t' Vlhen the country import:i m«e than ~t it
COIn ellp::>rt then lhete wm be no ~apir.ll ac:c.umulaticn.

• Lt.. _

.. if>
"-'- .",---- . --
l'rf',lar"d hy M,'.~.
~ ~ ~.
1>1 M,,,+oi:", {ILA ~.Ill
'-'."
and ~h.
~ -~-
'i,k",,,,!\.,
-.. -- .,.".,-..--..• , ..
Pal:" ~ I
 Hir,h l1l<likc; 10 [Ivic EduCClt101l (from G!"adc 10 to 12)
-- .- ..
4. (N"lREPR,(NEVRSi-!IP: rsthe prol:e!1,3. of n:nr.ine a ;J.i.;siness by a pel"5on knnwn ~~ an
entre;.rene...r. An Int'l'prencur i$ ~ wn:) .bowmes the ~esponsibilityand the .isk
for a bll~lness
Opl'...\lo,", with thl! exp4!Ct~t1on of making a prof'"l1. The c:mtr~r~neur
c~ela!lv ~ Cn the product, 3CCluires the f4tc.il;tie-.;. and btin:;s tOi;ethez- the
tabor faTa-, t3S)it;<l. and product,on ma~erl;l!o. rfthe business Sl.<::~eeds, the
-
~. I
~ep<t:.......r rra~ th~ .eward of profit'!.; if it fail~. hp or ~hc tilk~ thnloss.

E1NMQA!, iNSl1!UTlON
These .~e institutions t .... t l"ntl and borrow m<loI">eY from t"r p",bli<.. 8an~in.~ i$ saving mo,,,y
in a lin;,nc:lal institution o:olll<'f1 a b.l.nk
IYPES Of BAAtC$;
"'
-Co

I} Q;NTRAl aAN;: ~~ Q" ZAMBiAl

This is tailed the banken; bat* bKausc I1 does not deal C:,.'Ct ..,ith th... po~:tpill!
.......""
but ~ J.eaJ with ~ I b.Jnks and the go\/ernmen~. -l

ROLES ~ Ct"NTRAt BANte

• Ta manage ITlOMy supply fClr ~l:e ~'lI~f,t of the CQo.Jn!ry'"s econ0n'l\t
• It ~pJ ;;tl:CClUnts fOf' the romme~dal bann
-•
~

• It is~urs coiN ar.d lJ;ank I)Qtes

• It dea,s. ~hcc;ues and also trilnsfen."lOneY tCl commc1'"cial banks
••
• teeep,ng fCl.eign 'urre:KiM :lnd \elnnil: them to to.nlHerdal b'lnks
• It cnnlrols _l~ tn'" ~omme",i3: ba..ks
•!
•I
J:} COMMlfIC1Al..i..AN~
1n:>1T C~"rrie!.. ~ommerci31 banla UP lhe Olles th.: o~.. ls di.Krty with tne
public by m!lce:tif'lS ~",rplus ful'\ds l.om the public .. oO a'!>O givinjtloans L,)
the; public
ROl(S Of TH~ COMMfROAl. BA.NKS
Co1lectinc surplus. funO\ from the public
" Givinf: loarts to tllo public
OfferirllJ: O'Ierd,;,tts to current ilCCount holders
" Offer lligi"lt shift facilities
" Offe. standing order facilities
0fff'T e"",de book to Wff'e'f11 account nclden;
" Offe. lra,,~lels chl'tks to jXople trayelillt o\lt~de th~ country

l. C",{t!m~ Ao<:...Q!l!!!: This is iOn aaount whidl aBo\L'!o the h~der to ... ithdra .... money ml
demand, ho....ever it does ".ot attn:~t any interest.
ii.. ~t Ac(O\,;nti Th8e do not a!low the ho:dec \0 . . thdraw mOf'ley ~n demand Im: offer

"'"-"-- ----,_._""'-
~ ~I'itain pcriotl of timp it attral"ts ,m inter~t.

I'
I'r"....n...l hy M....... M. tJLilC"'••
.... ~..
itA Eil}.lnd /.:,. '>ik.lflng.,
- ~ .. - -
1".'1:'. :f
 Higll marks ~ Civk: Education {FroIT: 9;ade ~O to 12)
.- .
lli. \..arge Cixcd Ttn» ocpQS;\; This allows tll:~ ho!derto withdraw money Of! a fil':o:d ,:,::t' of
3flteefnent. that Is, after3 months. It attl'3(ts higherinte~sto",1a11i~ amount of rrll)lMl:y.

1lIHlilt flfiAAiClAL INST!MlQNS

N;,t;on_l S~.;JO(J Credit Bank: It prcvIdes savings iI!CCOunu and b~ic bankIng seul(e5.
·QewblJlnel\t 8ank of zam~Ja: Itoff~rs leng termfll131>te ftu risk b\lsln!!:uc.s orV1!nhl<es were
other Danks were relu::tane to operate In forexampke. JSriwltllre and inctustlial stet),.,.
·z..rnbb Hatiooal 8,lild;rrzSOCiety: It provt~s long term laMs thaten;.b~ ~Ie to build or
PU!(hz!:ie 11 house
·lus..XlI 5nxll b~: It pt'oodes m;lmt for s.xoncl hand sl\ares, h~Jps«lmpanies'W nls~
_(ap.!laJ. ~ates the p,.j(es; at ~ar(5 on the rTl;J:'.et.3nl! CI'l«lUI'l.~ ~mell~ kl
securitk!':,.

INSURAfJg COMPA""Ii~
IMIffiI~' This is the: pI'QteCtion . .ains'. 0:11 kllNis of I'i~ks,
Insurer: 'fhk Is the InSUfan(.<: comp.:ll"Y ;ts;ff Iitte U1C(lal'nbla State In wrance Carpc ~).
'n:<yfed:Thls Is the ~r::on tKing up.., InSVr'llnl;e polq..
frrnlurrF This is t~(CW1tI"i!Ntion made by the &lS~(e4 totl'le in$Ul"N as the price tt> the (orer
or polk;y.
!"oIist.n", Is ~n ~rnem. ~ the hUI,lf1!i1 o:nd the i~.

WOR" COL'tOR!:
-Th6; arl! attitudes lKld values of ~Ie tnwardswort.. It (an be nl!ptNe or po$lcive wcrk
culture.

fEATURfS Of N£GATlvrWORI( 0.'1 TUllf

.I pet$OOl emplO'(ed In the formal Of lnfor:nal sector~not ....;,ott to WOl1: h;"n:1 but
..
to be. paid fo<' doIn8 vl!ry Iirtt'l
w;lnb
y Onc $PCr.~ much of hisjhertJme doing l'IOt~lna:
.I OtHl WiI:ts fors.u~.... lskl"

CAUSE! or NEGATlVE WORK OJLTURt

y i_dt of pride In DIle'$ wOI1<

.I pOOl' ~nsh1ps In the produc;tiO<"! 0* goods and seTVice;;

fU.TUJt5 OF P05mVf WORK OJLTURE

./ onewo.. ..s hlll'd to zmievl! procb(tivity tara;ets within a gh..en lime

.I One does nOl wait fur supervision
'.If,'. ,I' .I Onl! fIVs (ommltted le worit
./ One uses lndiwhlallnltiabve
 ,-
High,mMks in Civic Education (from Grac.e 10 to 12)' ' ' - - ' ' ' -

OIf'DENCE 'SETWEO....ORMAI. AND INfORMAl. seCTOR

,/ Employment cor. be formal or Informal
,. Thefolmaf 5e'eWf Ir.l:ludcs; the JCI""f:m"M>"".b>•• putltce:.belprf~. private ~le5
and c:orn:'neci.& bnninz. CO"'
This!
J The r.forma! :rector includes. ':he slbSbtenee fa~ and ~ who l~ ..
Uwlnll' ~ 1Jy dolr'-a: prfvate workettle:l indMduill!T Cl'"ln ill ~p.

ROl.£ OF INfOitMAl SLCTOR: IN HATKlNAl OEVEl.~NT

It uc~ =1Ilgy':nert to people who are n:Jt ~ ~ by the f1Jm,31 ~.

,.,..,
1'TomoI.~ econOJ::ri(: dc¥'tlopl ,lent as thi-s CM lexl to prodllCtlon t;rf 'I,IrJllID

!J!AJOfJ fNTERNA!lON....L HUMAN! RIGKTS INSTRIJMI:!'m

HUMAN SttGHT$ INSffiUMENT$.:..Th:s 'tiers to InstitutlCftS and me~h.nlsmsthet ll:r~ Y$ed to

protect and promote human rights. NOT
1'1 E!ljlmD5e: in .1:am!)iil people's r\e:hts such IlS right to lire. rll:f\t to VOte llfl! protected
by ttte COl'l5titution and ao;sothc !ud!daly. Hax:ethe Ju.;lklary OInd ~ Q:mstltution
are ilI:Xampl~ ofhuman rlSMs lfl.!ltrumen~ in 1.amb!a

1. INnRNATlONAl8lll Of R1GHT'S: lllis is made up of three IT".3m in,..1 JUmc!ntt. thiJ.ls.

a) UnNe~iJ1 decl:arotiol'l of humiln tights
b) 11lM~ cevcnant on dvO at'H1 po;nfc~ r'gI:1ts
(I IntemOlllonal eovenanton ec.onomlc. sodal iUId a.l!tunl rfcht:'i.

bl Spe<bUsed lns:rur.>ents.
a) l,.,tem~ cc"wention or. the ~ (If 39 forms::lf ra-:ial &Krll'rlll\2t1on
b) COowe,ttiM on the elimk'l.tlon dall forms di:!.crirninatlon aglIinst women.
cl Comoention~.,.~~
'"' I

d) eon..,ention on :he r12.hb ClftJ\e' child.

•r.•
\
2.~RnJt-8ASEDINTERNATIONAl. HUMAN RIGHTS INS'lJWMEK!
\
al :.J1I!Ye1sa1 Oedantk;n of Hllmarl R18hts (2942)
Th~ lnstrurnent beglns ...ti1 ttie ptNrnble which Is the /:1tToduction. The preamble stiltes t~
vakle; and betlef$ oftNs dedarotfon. mat is:

;;. lhls t'.ame lI1tofof'ce 10.12.1948. as the re:wlt of selllxlde tfl:ottook f'l.a£e In b)
Noul Germany during the Second World War. n
;.. lhi:5l..,trument Is to prrvcnt:weh I!enoclce If' fow,... ~

~~=~=~::"::::':;-::c:;~.~~~-~~~.~-~~~~~s~~~.~-~----"-.,-------~~""
I'ICp.tlllU by M!~ M. M.-:r:h:lJ (B.A !:DJ ar.t! Mr. Slka:'l:\ga Paw 40 =Po
 High
s-
marks in Civic Education
r
(From Gr..J.de 10 to 1Z) Z-"~

, Thl" !JOUR i!. an \n\@1"~IOl\::lI~1r~~ooed and agf~d upor. \f\$\I\Otf\(n,t through

wmeh indiv.o:Juak ~ GoVl!ml'l1oents QLn ...- ort to dewe:- b~sK rights
.. ~ UDHR contilins 30 arti:1es whOch ilre iI rlSl: of bMic r,ghts which INet')'
h='l3ft be",:: i!. born with.
CON'TtNT Of THE UDHR{ART1ClJ:'S)
This niltl$ that every one:
1. Is born in hl!t!don. equit-1 a:'4 ~ity
2. ~ the right not to be! Okc:rimi'\:1ted
3. n;t:: "snl to I;fe
... 4. has: the rigtr:: to security of person. No ~ ~ld betort Jred a ' should s.um:r
trom cnlel,;r;nd inhuman treiltment
!;.. hil~ the right to effective remedy
6. ha:> the right to 'l!CCltnition ~:m.· the la'"
7. hil~ the right to m<l''''
8. hil'; the nght to Nationalltv
!l. has rigtttto privacy
10. ha. riaht to own property
NOTE: more pm\lision~ of the tontont, reae grade 11. C"lie Edueatioro pl,lplls book, pp. 29-30.
....,
""" 3.TREATY-ElA!iED INTERNATIONAl HUMAN RIGHTS INSTRUM(NT
ill Int()rn.3tioroal Covenant on CMland Political Rights (ICCPRI
This came into force in 1966. The i1lm of the ICCJ>R unlike the UOHR i$ that the ICCPR is legally
bi1\liing ~o its member St3tes... These .. re rlZhu that are easy in nalure to Imple,nent..,. they
requfre l'I<Il:rig investment for mem to ~ enjoyed.

The PtNmlJle(introduQol'): the pre;lomble of this doa.oment st3tf'S Wt. the Idea of tTeE'
human bell'e' enjor.ng{reedom from fe..r iIlld ~l't an Ol'lly be aeh~e<llfconditions if
UJnditions are creatf'd in whid! ev<:t"YO<'le m ..y ~rjCTJ· his economic sxial ....-"O (\lltl.lr.lll ril!:hts as
wefI as his civil and po:ttical rights

SUWoMAAY OF THE PROVISJONS{CONTfNT) OF rrtE ICCPR

l. rictrt to life
It Fr~om hem tortl.lre and inhuman tre>1tment
Ill. freedom fr«n imporiumr.>ent for dcbl:
N. .i&httoprivaty
V. RigM to ?$S~mbly

... VI. Right to .. fair trial

NOTE.. F« mote information on the provisions of th~ ICCPR see IlUpUS t:oolo: 11 pale 32

b) OPTIONAl. PROTOtAiS
Thl~ I~ il provision ana(hoE'd to all internatiortOll human rir,ht In$trur.ll':nt in order 1(> offer
mme protoction.

_ !£.. =z_ .. 5.
= •
- High
_zm
marks -,in Civic Education
:7:X
[From Grade

The' ICCPR 1'13$ two u~ticmal protOCQis. These are:

I.
= 10 to 12)...'
fiRST OPTIONAL PROTOCOl (1976J: this provtsbn allows indivi1ua;s to COmpl:lin
.

c!irect to the United Nations human rlr,ht ton'\mlssion on lswes of tlUrTl<l n rights
violations CC1nQined In the ICCPR. ~rovided t1'lt!Y ex~ust all channfls of complaints
usually thrOl./th the cCll.lrt'S of law.

lamb;;J.~s it state party (rrM!'mberJ to this protocol

II SECOND OPTIONAL PROTOCOl(l990): This aim at the "boHtior; of the death pen;llty.
Z..mbia is not a state ~ to this.

c)INTERWi.TIONAl. CONVENAN'T ON (CONOMiC. 'iCCIAl AND OJlTUAAl. RIGHTS (IC(SCR)

• 1"M ~ also an enract of the UnJve.rs.a1 Cedar.1l1oo of Human Rights which wu also an
efforttocc~ up with it legally blindil\i cIoc=nent.
• It was fonne<! in 1966.
• Thl-.A! "Chts 3fe programe>atJe ~tKe th"'Y ....-e t!cpe:ldent Oil resoun;es fo' their
realiziltion.

The preamble(tntroek.Id:ion): the prea.-nble of this document states mat, the ideiil ol free
hum.m beinl:S tl'ljoying freedom from fear lInd waM can only be ad'll~ ifo:on.ditions if
ccmditions ilre aeated' in ..... hich ew:ryone Imly enjoy his eamomk s<>~1 imd cultuul rithts as
wrn as hi$ eMl and ;:Klllti<il rlghu_

SUMMARY PROVISIONS {CDNTENT} Of TliE ICES~

1) Right to .....orlt.
2) Ri,,"ht to jllSt and m'Onl-:lle corn:!itions of wort<
1) Right to sodal security
4) Rlght to :orm and join trnde Union5 !ne!lJdins 1~ risht to S!Jike

NOTf:fcr more lr'lforrnatil;m on thl: provisiom of ~he lCESeR _ Pl,IlHls book 1t po,gell-32

4_ SPEQAUSfO HUlI.iAN r;GHTS tNSTRUMENTS

a_INTE~noNALOONVt.NANT ON THE f.UMI1Il4TJON OF All. rOOMS OF OESCRlMIN4TlON

{ICERDlt9E;:;
o It came into force in 196!l.1t was dnJ:fted 11) draw attention to matters"f racial
dlscrir'niniltion w:,idl were ~till rampant 101 the work!.

PriflO:* Or/ittition Of RQCi:l1 Oiscrlmi/KItkll'\': thili 1:5 atry di5tinctlon. elCdusion. re5'ticvon o~
any perfonnante b<t$.ed on r.l:te, colour, decent er nation or orlcin ""ohkh has which has the
pr.lrpo$e of impairlrl1 the recognition eniO'(IT>ent of l.n equal footing of human riel....$ and
fuMamental f.eedoms in the political economic. 50clal or any oltl1:r right in public life•

•
Pr<·par..d hI' Miss. M. Mad"!,, (itA Ell) "nd
=
~h. ~_k:"'n<:,l
• •
High marks in Civic F.dut";ltion (Frum Grade=10 to 12)

- - N,.

SUMARRY PROVlSION$ IN ICUD

....n,

Condemn "jCIiI d~Cflmm;]!l~n ;,Jnn Apanhfoid.

= •

Prohlb.lt"" act 01 d.>.('rim'....<Jt:on b'I ind:vIdUilI~

Asw;(' fl'Ve.ryvne w Ihh, your p(lVterS acWquatf' prO!l'rtil)n and renlt';!ie'~
~_

Und<.-na'ltl" Imm~iatt' and t'nl"(.!;y.. mP.a~'M i:'ltt>;Kh:,'L eduo:ation, rut' lI'" and 'nlot m"tKl:l
with a view of comhmjn.g prejudice ilnllratio discrimin3ti03.

b} INTERNATIONAl CONVETlONAL ON THf ELlM1NA!lON Of All fORMS Of OCSCRIMINATlo.'oI

AGANST WOMEN lCEDAWJ {1979J

.. Thi!. COl;TlP. aboul after the lailur.. of the 19&7 dedaralron ID ehnln"tE! dlSt,rirrlnatron
"g,,!nSl WOlTll!:\
• 11 ....·;as obwnwd tl'.4t1 Ipma~ ~tlil ~ufll!' IJ'x, w:; ...1 dh.c.rimin<llk>l'l if: the,..,. ",I

..." ..
..
e<:cnomic .... wc 1 ,u tJyoir civ,l and po j1i..al ''ll-IS
1hr> m"trurnenl wa~ put in fefce i~ l'179to rjnel':,ly
Princip/l! ~f1ftititm ofrtldal dfscrimin:ffion. this Is Jny dlstirw::inn, ellcl~ion.
' ..striclion or ~!1Y penorm"m;e based nn S'!ll whiCh hilS thE! pllrp<>'il' o~ impa; ing Ihl'
recognition ~nJoyrnf'nl of an equ,,1 fonl'nE of human righl~ ,mll ftmdamt'nlal ~r ..edon\
in ltll' political I"tcramit:: social o' any 01110 fight In public me.

SUMMARY OF PROVISK>N IN l'Hl CEOA.W

£l,mll\oll~
all form~ of di'l£fimin;lIlOn <J6.l n\l WOt~r
r$tab~i\h a !f.&al J}.otrClron of l'lf' right!. ...f WOffier: on arr equ:li b<!\l" w~n mpn.

c)CONVENTlON AGAlNSTTOTUR£ AND OlHER CRUEL IN HUMAN OR IlECiRAD1NG

TREATMENT OR PUNISHMENT (CAT)
• Th;" wa~ !>O.',
on 10'" {X'C!"m!w.. i 984 and 7d;rl!n<l bacame a \1,1", p.!:rty la Ih,s
• OfNrnticn 11'1 1998.
• lhe .um of It.! ,"strum.. nl ~ to lot..ltv forbtd :o'ture
• Prlna"p{e dt$"it:otI rortu.C ~ df:ofinrd ~n ac:' bv ..... il.ch \eVer pa,n and !.uff~flf"g weill!W',
p"'r.>ical or m<!nt;jl. C. inl.entiOf'laliy infll("!ed on a >M!n.on fO! ..uch pu:yo'l.r' as a 'Iail'll.....
Imm him or a lhi.d pa~v II1fO,.,,,,...lio" or conlf'!.sion puni!irnne l' rn 1ar an act I"" Of a
t hi, d party Cl'lrllrnlttpd or ," \u~Pf"ded ot hJvjn/l (.ommllted
radal

SUMMARY Of PROVtS1CIIl Of CAT

.......
l'o'~o'
....
~ prohibit tort"r!"
~ n.ol refouler th;s rr.ca .... to '!.eOif hadt a pe:-wr 10" country where he /she Is filertv la
tll'loderga tanu't!
.. punrsh tort~...
~ ..durale ciH/f'W; on tne evIl of larture

djCONVENTlON ON THE RIGHTS Of THE CHIlD ((RC)

I'";;,, 47
'Y'
"Z"T'lP . n . _r
High marks in (!Vie Education (From Grade 10 to 12:
+ "7n- ,,' ?7' 7 r

1 hi!. looks at bs~ Ir.lthe rights of a child ar.:! eOMlde~ children as jo~ividuals. with ~qual
s~alle ih adultS
Gent!fa/ Pr/ne/pI" ofth~ C,R.C
OIl BEST INT£R£ST 0:: A QiILO: This means g;l/:ng ilri:'r.ary con~jl!erati.on 10 what the ehillS
wants
b) SURVIVAl A.~D OEVfLOPMENT:The!;~ prioritio~ makIng ~ child dt:1Il!1op hi!. Cr' !'>er 101
potenlials In It\<? angll!s 01 lil~ that is f)e.sr.naH· y abilit~s and talents.
eJ NON DtSCRIMI."IATlON: This l!Stabl:sll4's th.lt eh~dren's nghts apply 10 all chi dreo
wr!hout drsaim natIOn of any kind.
d) f"ARnOPATtON: This. comm~1lCk r~pea for the 1Iiew5 of ~ eMild.

e}THE INTERNATlONAl CONVENTION ON THE PROTfCTlON O!= THE F:JGHTS Of: All MIGRANT
WO!lKfRS AND MEMBERS Of THEIR fAMIUES (CMW) 19:1O
ThIs is mE'ant 10 pmll'C! the nghts of ~oplp worting In a couotry wh ch is. not
thPir,>_
State part~ are obliged to Pfflletl and ~k judicial remedy 10 tMS1:r mLgrar.1
wori;er> whose rilgha haW' f>e,ro'll/ioated.

Principle definition: ~hS applie~, to all migr.ant worke" and the,r I;Hl\ilies withOllt di'ltincl,on c
any kind slII:h as se_, race, colO<Jr, tanguagi", age....

SUMMARY OF THE PP.OvtSION:>

M,grilOt workers \h.ail br. free 10 le.lVe any state, I "eluding t he" own.
Shall have the right to enter remain In the,r s!ate 01 01 igir. at any tirr..,.
Their right stl3n bl! protected by law.
Non - shall bl! held in stayl!'ry.
:>hall MY" lhe right to Ir~dom 01 thought. con~eiencC' an.d religloo
Holye thf! right 10 hold opinions without InterfemllCf'

!:jOW THE CONVJ;N!1ON DHIN!:S@IGHT$WHICH APPlY TO qRTAlI~ CATEGQRlt~..2f

MIGRANT WQRKERS AND THEIR FAMtllE5

I FfO!Itierll'O"Orb!n.. Are those Jiv,ng in a ~ighbou"'>g country to which they rt'turn da,1y or a:
"'ast once in a w~lr.
2. ~eilsonal worker..;: Are those people working in lerelgn COllntries lSuring ~peci1ic sea~ow lik
ha.....--shI'l@,Or pl.lnting
1. 5e3brefs. Are tha>e employed on water ~sl"l\ registered;" a country mMr tt~n tnelr (M
4 Workers on offshore inml~tloos:Are those who i!~ under Ihe iiuthority of a country et
tnan tn.." own.
S. Itinerant wor1cen:: Are IhOSl! who ITlOIIe from p!al.!~ 10 place in search or work.
&. Migrants employt'd for a speOf"rc project: ke thost- empl()yed ~'a CQur;try WM th is not
th"ir~ to ,nndu.-l a \ervi<e nr con~uuct d proJI"O
.. S<l!lf- employed: Thc!oe arC' people who ~re in the informal sKtn•.
 High marks in Civic Education t From Grad~ 10 to @
- - R - e - ="" -.-

INTIRNAT!ON6l. HUMAN R:\GtIT5LAWTEBMtNOlQGV

MON/STCOUNTRlfS' These .lrp countries 111..: le&dlcl internatiot'lOlJ 1a:1IIo and domestic ~_'W as
~.

fJUAltSTCOOft,'TRfES: Tt.e..... all': t.OUnu~ tl\;:\ ~gard Lntern;iltion.."lllaYl ;md domt-.,;t1I.l3w

differently.
FRANCO PtJOIllE: These arf' count LP.!. that werp oncP wlor.ired b~' f'.ln:e and are Us.ulIUy r.enct.
speaking countries
TREATY: Th~", t ..... dN;"a''tIKY.l m;xito, ilg.ePd and '>'gn -d by mcm1ler slate.
LfGAU.YBINDING. Tl'us IS something that hou a legal ~J'f1!'Ct upon one t.realu:'lC it.
OGRANT STAn PARTIES, Tr#... e a.p. rtIt"mocr 5t'lfes la the p'lltKuJar convention
ACC!"EO: Thls neans.l 'Duntry signs 10" CWt·"",,\ which it w.u oot part of the negOllalion.
• nOl RATlN: It means a <.ountry signs a (.Ovenan! whic;h it was part of the negotwtiQn.
0PTtCNAl PROT0CAL5: TlY!5e are supervISOry ~lhanjsms on liumar Ri@:htsthatarf'OOI
compuio,ory IQ ~mber ..LiI',. 10 a particular roven..nt-

ruE ZAMB<AN lEGAL SVSTliM

lEGAl SYSTEM: Thj~ rrfe 10 the proCl!sse~ of de.l!i,,€ wllh offences and al".O the ;"·.lif"tioo"
Icour1.~ police ;>ri:oon) that nflNCeS;lM !':tlOlct these la.... s..

El.{MfNTS Of A GQQQ UCAI" SYSJt:M

II
Acc~",ble

......t"",
L
I

Simple: This mean •• law should be written In .. lar.guagr th<lt can ~ un<!ef'Olood by"
Ialce 'ieC1lOfl:;:1 peoplr in a country.
Compretten~,111... mea"" law .houk:l COVf!/ all a"pect\ of hie a!1c:l31~ anlj{+p.ue
ful,,'f' jlrobll-r\

•
 High
.
marks
CZ'.
In Civic Education (From GUIde 10 to 12)
-2 tD=:z •

Cert3in: Law slate dearly what Is prohibited an:l what is not.

~h~1d
A«es:sibloe: It ~hould be lTI;ilde available to the pUblIc.. In bmbta this can be ;io::uss,ed at
s:o.... rn~nt printers.
Flexible: This means that law has to keep up wilt; soe,;)l chance. lilW ~hould not be ttlO rigid ID
to preverrt change with the dynamic: soo:iety. er;
Mo~l v.lues: lilw should not conflict with the tr'Aditicns,wltures and customs ef poxlpl.e in
so::.iety.

SOURqS OF LAW iN ZAMatA

L ENGlISH LAW: Urtd« this, zambia has adopted the English Com1llO:1law. Comm(ln law is
the la.... whidt &itain used In its c%niIes im:h>din8 zam~
2:. t£GlSLATlON: This Is also the largest source of law ~ zambiil. There iln!: three types of laws
made by !etisbtion in zambia.
i. C0NSl1TUT10N LAWS: This Is the supreme law of t:he land.
ii. ACTS Of PARUA.~ENT;These are I:ilws made through bID5 pilS$f'd on by Nathnal
Assembly and sent tr.l the president to il~ 0. ~o. 5,SSENT means the president
ac:upts{lJpprOYeS)_ VETO means the presld~nt refuse to apprc.VC! the bill. o
iil OUEGAnD OR SU8SlO'.AJ;.Y tLGlSlA.TIOfIl: These are laws thirt are delegatee: to the
exea.ztive .... i/1l of the government. T1IeJOYefllment mintster1li in their fespet;tive
ministri~ art! lIVen p~rs to make laws lie these.

3. CASE LAW {LAW REPORTS}. This is the ~ largf'"~t source of lilw in zambia. Th~e are
,
judicial F«Cedents ml':aning this is when the coc,lrt refers par..iwlar CilR which was handleO
bV an appellanl court in the past.

fMPQRTANQ: Of CASE LAW

• 5.aVO!$ time
• Shows re~pect to JUdges who made the previous dce:l~i<ll'l.
• Fnsu.es: EquaJitv. uniformly and stabilitv in law.

4. INTERNATIONAl TRE.tT1f.S: Thf'$E' a.1I': agreoemcnts n>ac!1I': OInd ~iznec ~n member

~tate1o.

ZOImbia sl,ns to these al:reernent and ~ter dQmest1catl! them ["to ZlJmbia" statutll':~i. for
~ COW!I"IClI'It aiaintt torture has influence z.,mbian govemll'le!!t to abolish cc rporotJ
punishment in~.
5. CUSTOMARY LAW: Thi~ is taw that is d.ivcm from tr.lditions and alltoms of a society.
-customary la.... uses ildvisors who ;Jfe Cillled aSu,n9r1i to Clve adviu: on partlcular Tn;)tterS.
1llese are not tr.Iined jt..mc-s!>ut play the: role et conwlta.nts

""ME
 . •

v This is whensomeon~ does sc.mething whkh is illegal. Crime affects the S('.(uritv,
~dat safety and we!l!)e:ng of every one in society. Example of crime in Zilmbia: DefIlement,
Theft, Murder....
"ID rigid ElfME",'TS or CRIME
Crime is made up of twO elements.
apI<'! In i. Omis~ion 01 wrongful act: This is the main aCllon done to cause ha,m, Le. ilssault,
theft, rape, among lrther5, this Is a!so t:,lIied ;x!:usrous in 1.;lIill.
ir. Inlent (eUllt'/ ~Iate): This is thf' d(~sirf' to callse harm. Psl'chOllogical slatl' of the mind at
the time of cau',i:1R aime, This is ~Iso taJle<1 menSfea in !..alin
~SIFICATION QF CRIME
,. CRIMf Of SPECIFIC. INTENTIONS; :hesl' dre nlrnes that are committed with a spe<:iiic
in!('ntinn SUl:h as bf'at;llg SOITl<'!Gn-e I" (<:ll',(' Rrrevous harm, rrobe,..,.
.. bowls ". CRlM! Of BASIC INTENTIONS; this,s Ihe crim~ ~ommitted ,)n the su..-lden i.... pulse, c.g.
ma" siilughter.
• of Jaws ilL MISOlMEANOURS; these are petty (rime;. ,uch as littertng, pi6 pocketing ('.I.c.
Iv. FELONIES. Tht-se aw lIery serinu$ Cf imps s"ch as Treason, murder. rape e. Lc
v. STATUTORY CRIMES; these ,,It> (:(,rn,,~ ",tath are cQmrnitteLl tOlltrary 10 whlt i~
c0I11<li,-.e<:! in the st.ltu IOry in~U<Jmpl1l, e.g "otm1: twice

.-"'. ~lVllCASES
Thj~ i~ 1hP. wrongful act lh.,t affl"CIS ,ndNiduolls only or porlies involved.

COMPARISON or aVl<. AND CRlMINIIL CA5(5

ICRIMJNAlCASE. • rOVllCASE .
AffE'et> thf~
Whole CCln!"lunity 1AlIects in.dividuals
I
, Th" aim is tQ punish th,~ nffendf" I Tlrp aim h. t!J wmp<!l1$a~ the olfertder
[It i~ morf' "'~rious I ~ess s.,riuus. •

LEGAlINSJITUTlONS AND THEIR FUNCTIOII!S.

U:GISlATURE; this is U',,, organ of the government bound wit" a duty to malte law~.

pcun SERVICE; thp role of the police is to maimain taw and mdt'r ir the socie1v 11\' arrt'~ti!11\

- offenders

THt EXECtJTIV[; the~{' are IInund with a duty to ,~nsure that laws are obeyed and tire
a",i hi> mu,i',tp~ are g~'" poWErs to make laws ju~t like the legislan re.
prt'~ldl'nl

COURT 5YST£M (JUDlCIAR'l'}; this IS an crg<lr'I nf Ihe government that pnforces the law anit ;'\<lvp
lhe l'ghllu consider a I",w n",11 if 11 contradicts with the constItution,

lOCAl. COUR,S; These are the lewest courls in Z"mo a

 High mar~ in Civic Educat~,?n lFrom G~~ 10 to 12t

rhfore a.-e presid~d ~f by the! Pfl":'.ld;ngjus~ice apPCllnted by lhejudk01!iervK:P

comtnis~ic",.
Tl>P.y hear civ.J ~!ie~lholt oceLlI in lheif lIeographicdl are.J~ eo.peti;lr.y II'Jl:Ke 10 do W
.....ith Al'TKiln cmlornary law. They can also pr~ on,;ome r liminal C'He as 1>
o\!tlined in!he local court ad,
I ",,"S arp rv>! .. Howed 10 r.. pr"~1l1 tMo,.- clienlS in tn:'. l.::lun.
"
MAGISTRATES COURT (SUBORDINATE COURtS)
". ~l': ;;"eo the sp.<:::lnc! l~: COjJl'ts in bmbioJ and t.>x,y all" a\<;Ji!able in all d,st "lets.
th.. y ilre dM6"d lO lhrl."e clas~s. ilelass thret'. i,)da!.s two iii) dau one
lhey !'lear boIl'! criminal and ciVil CiI~~.

HIGH COURTS •
". These ale also known as courts of fil'5l instilnLe and they afe found In all pr ovi ~r.ial
r:ap:l ills of Zambi~,
These court~ are pn~sid(>d DVt'( by Juninr judges and ale "PIX"rned by the
presidenl aller rf"Lornmendaticln by In.. Judici",1 servico: commission
They are appellate C:OUlt~ be-cause Ihl"y hear (.lSes of aplJeallrom SulKldinall':
(ourt~_
•
It :s a ITIiIstthJI p;lrt iP.s in t h\~ CQuit "re represenh."d bf ~ layer( legal pnctitiollf'l) •
Ir-JDUSTRIAl RELATIONS COURT
The5oC' deal with industrilll d;~pl.t~s betw~~ the em;)loyl'r llll':llhe em" DVH'·
In filnk it enjoys the ~me status as :he ~igh court and the appeal\ frunl it gOf"\o
t;, the Supremo: Coutt.
U""yers ;,"!, .... !lowed to rt:prl':54".nt tll!'ir -;~lenl$ in tile c.oult l)fQ«>ed;nt:.

SU~MECOURT

This is IhE' highe\1 court of appeal in bmbia.

r IS h~itded by the, hll!'f Justiuo ....ho i~ Ol\sisI"':=!'Iv n,ne other Judges.
I: 1w'i1f<. app':'1s on queslion of LlIw a~ opposec:llo questi:J<\S of fac1$.
They '>it: !T1ilinly irl t.m;a1Gt but ~itt ~SW1S to Kabwe. lCIt_ and Ndolol

LEGAl. PROF£5SION; the ~ the: oody of ~gal practilionf'rs called bwyers. These help to
IIllerpl"etln.,. bw.

QSlGAN1WlOHS THAT PROMOTE JUsna:

leGAl Rr;sOURCE FQUNOAlION: Th.~ is tllr non- profit m"kinS Clrgani~llion Ihat prOlnote
justkr tnrough providing kllal "dvltf." ID c1i1'llb.

NATIONAL lEGAL AID CLINIC fOR WOMEN:Th;\ I'rovid-!s ;eg,ll aid to W;lmrn and chil~(en that

~re from margina!ilf' '{)(;al scctor.

Pr,'p;llc,1 by
4
Mjs~
_=. L
M M",·I\Ha {B.A En} mul Mr.
'"
~Ik:wn~
... "' __
. --I'''j.\e 41:
 "52 _.~~gh marks in Ci;:i~};~lJcation (From ,9.;.all.e 10 to 1 ~)
,,=

.,to do WOMEN IN LAW IN SOUTl-!ERN AJ'RlCA

• Thew- have Ihe role to impnlYe k1!al ~ilio, of WCJr.llm ir. Southern r.frir...

ZAMBIA C1VlC EOUCATlON ASSOClATlON

Th6e ",orllo prOleci and promote ch~dn-r.·" .ilhu Ihrocgh CMC ed IGlIIOrl.

PROCESS£} OF Tl-lE ZAMBIA lEGAl, SYSTIM

JUSTIC£ PROC£OURES IN ZAMBIA

Thfl'e are two J~tice ?rOCl'dures in bm;)ia.

• ill CRIM NALJUSnCr PRocrss

bJ CIVIL CA..<;[ JUSTlCr PROCESS

:I. OUMlNALJUSTlC[ PROCESS

ARREST

PlrA~
TRIAL
nw..l SUBMISSION
lUllGlMENT

RrcOR~ or ,"RrVlOUS c.:ONVlCTlON~

SlNTI.tK£

I. ARRtST; ttlts is whlen .. SU~P'~t ,s put in cUS'\od" either with ell"wilhout warrant.
ii. PlEA; this is the t,rit appearance thdt a suspe::t mak~ In (OU'l from the dar ol' arrest.
The charge is ....ad 10 t~ ~uspect aM tne court" The suspect (aa:u~I'dJ lhen takes eithe.
lhe ;>I,-a of g"illy ur d"ni.!l. 11 a plea of uenloll is takenlhen the r.as.e nlOY"~ 10 the next st;>ge.
iii. nUAl. this is when thP. prn~culion builds ev~:lence against the .:lctus.e<:! whik- the
aa:uSL"d tries to deSlroy the evidence bruugh! against h.rn.

",,' EXAMlNATlCN IN Q-!I[F, this b. thl'! .. rcuunlnf:l ""tress in ~ourt.

-
PRIMA FACIE; this is wlwn till' ;u:l:U~I'.t i·. pH! on rlcff'n~p.

ea. '"" wo
I'u"parf'd hy Miss. M. M.,<"I'Il" (JUt E{)) and Mr Sfka"ng.-'
•
 High marks
- T 7
in _Civic Education (From Gretde 10 to 12)
'0" _.-

iv. F1NAlSUBMIS5oION: this is ttlt! svtnl1lilry of the en:ire trial were the prOSel::uti~n and Typo
defense l¥ing Ol.rt. thW" stfCng points; in brief.
1/. JUDGEMENT: this is when the judge or tt>e m<lglstrate pes ~ final rulins: Of I/erdict.
vi. RECORDS OF PREVIOUS CONVlcnON; the prosecutor will then _eat! to the to~l't any
record$ of prC'!'Vi:)l.IS ~oic:tion' of wl'Jch the at(u$ed CUi tl'lcn ;K~t c.r rejec.t these
~,,''-
vii. MmGATION; this is When the S!uilry P<-'OOfl ash for htnjen~ from :he Judse )'1 giving NoIl
re<>SOO$ ..... 1'1'1 the judt@shouldp:lssa light sentl'ne@. COUl
viii.S£NTfM:E: this j!. .... hen the charge (pcmishrroent) rs reiild to the person found &uilty.
T",
!'.R1.N~.QF SENTlNCE lPU;NtSHMENJ)
1. RnklBUTlON; the aim of punl$hment b'lthis principle is to punish!o that the off~nclet"
pays try-feding the '<3/T'Ie wa'l or worse: tna.n the offe'tded.
2. DETERRENT; thi$ ilirm at preventinawou1d be offend.ers.
J. REfORMA.TION; this :;;ims at retoabllltatine: the o!fentler.

'TYPQ: OF SpmiNqS
COHOJr.:RENT SlNT'ENa;, this i$ ~ at the same time ~ ;jlnother !entence
Imposed earller 04" at the same proceeding.
CONSECTlVE OR CUMULATIVE SEIIIT[;\~CE: this occurs when a defend<,nt has
been con\icted of several crimes at the gme t~me. The oonvicted thEn save the
SC'!Tl1el'lCe of one ui;ne after .lnodle1'".
llFI S£NTENCf, TIlls is where ill eonvicte-d pel'$Qn fs p,mlshed to sperll! the rC'!!t
of hisl her Uti! in prison.
MA:'IIDA1ORY SEN'T£NCt.: Th~ ls a ~unce where the judge moly ha\-e no room.
for lenience bl."t \0 st31'1Cl too" wt1ilt tl:e law states.
MAXIMUM SENTfNCE: this represents the cutei'" limit of a puni!;hment be'(Ond
whid.. beyOnd which a convicted person may nut be h"ld in cusmtly.
MINIMUM SENTENCI: This 6Plaim the minimum period a person *ould
spend In prisQon before becoming er'iib~e kK re!eOl$C'!.
SUSPENDED SENTENCE: TIlls has two diffetflnt meaninllS. tt can me"li
j)OStponing a sentfiftCe after eonviction or postponIng the execution )f.l
sentel'lU' after it has been pronour.cect

b. Pf!;OCEOURE IN A. CIVIL CASE

In zambia the civil a.se pr~d/ffer$from eovl't to (OIJrt.,.l!l the five types of courts in
lambia hiJll'e their ways of «lftduwl'lg civil r;ase;s.
T'Ipe 1: LOCAL COURT.
peo~le that
• "The process of civil case jI,ostic.e is "eIW-ally informal b....cal.'SC'! the
use these to~ are hum!3'e peo~e who may not und~nd complex wurt
proceedincs.
• The procedure is as follows;
WRiTl Of SUMMON· TlUAl-JUOG£MENT - SENTENCE

Prrparro by M:ss. iot. Mo:dliL, fB.A F.D) :nu! Mr 'iiluonJYI

 - High marks in Civic Education (From Grad!:C' 10 la 121__•._ ••_
__"'_"'~;;';;:;'';;;;';;;';:;,,;,;:,;:;,;;,;:::;~;;:,,.,:,;~;,;;~;;,;;;;;;,,,~.';;'';;;:''';.C:;,~
·
Type 2:OVIt CASE PROCEDURE IN A SU80DINATt: COURT
,. This ha~ stric.t ru:~ of PTQtedUTf!' to folio...., Tne p.oceCuTe is quite formal.
, RIGHT OF SUMMON; this is an order l(lrm~1 frum tht' tourt to the acc:used t,) appear in
court on a specific elate. The OK e done.
". JUDGEMtNTiJudgml!flt is p.;used depend~~ ~n the evi<Set'K;e.
,. SENTfNCt; (nls is when the rewardl!d/punishmect is aNt-... to the O:ll! found guilty.
Note: [ntel"af Appear.lnce: this is the form tilted L., t:, the a«u~ aveeina to app~ar In
court at the appoilotf!d dott~.
I<y.
Type3.avn. CASE PROCU)URE IN THE HIGH COURT
, The p.loccdure in tills court is abo formal
, Sl'ntence Of Oa;m and Write Of S...mm"n!fnte< of J\?pearanee; this is agreed
on the same time.
,. Trial will :hen take place
'" Judgment and a w .. ~nt of distress.
Nott":
... 5o£NTENCf: OF a.A1M; this is the dcclllRltion start;n, \:he dilim tha~ the plentil1.!l
..."nts from t'w! dclenclant.
,. cused Is i1lso pen the (n~ot Appc...anG@,
" 1ltlAL; lawyers ilre ~ at trtil iIOd ill th 3 stag@cross@:Ilamination.(umln;Jtiun
In chief and re-n:amination arWARAANl of OI'iTRESSi application fil!@dincourtto
repcY.>M property in order to re<:oYet" amo"nt 5Ued for.
'Tnt ).- COURT CHAMBERS; thi~ is the offlc!!. of the judc:e. Some cases may b~ refcrn-o
to 015 ch3mbcr :natters such as. Adulter'l. and lmpot'mce

...". Ty;Je4: PROUDUIU IN THE INDllSTRIAl RELATIONS (OURT

Tht' procedure i'l ~imib' to t.. ...t in the High COurt.

Type S::>ROCEOURE IN ~?REME COURT

The- ptoe:P.t!:.tre is similar to that conducted In High Court but the Supreme Coun does not
conduct trials bcc3usl! I: i!. an appellant oourt.

~~!:cr
The suspect enjo'{\ cert<lin righu.n sotne (If ~ rie;hts .. ~ withdrawn in .. legal prOl:eeding.

1. ,UGlfTS Of mE SUS$'~C! AT PR! - TRIAl srAGt:

I. AAREST; thef'e a'e two wo.ys bywtlich a po ice an st:ilte ar. :;lITest In;. criminill
iustice process.
a) ARRQ,T WITH WARRANT; il SUSped hitS ill ril~t \0 a:;k fOf' a wamnt of arrest
on c~in ~ thilt aT(' not totniab1e like fr.n'd. Corruption. aw.:l C'tild
Ne&leet.
b) ARREST \UJntOUT WARRAI'rr; a 5US>ect can be iUI"{'Sted without Wilrrant
cpon (ommittine a crime that can e:uily be S(!(:n ilS a crime. such as
Burglary, Man sJaughter, Unlawful a~sembly.
~"~,p~.~,,:;-Crl~hC-,~,,Ci~",~·:,;,.~"~~·'~',·,;;a'("a;,-;';,",,~(·.,·,,·,~,c,c;"~."~;i..'-,,·,.·,,·,·,--_·_-=-------I'al:':~l
""
 f!i_gh marks lE C:1vic Education _tt'rom Grade lC!. to 1_~) ' m - _

il. DENTENTION fOR QUESTIONING

-
... The police halle no right to det;r,in an indwic!ual!s fo: the purpo'>e (If qu~tioning
... It ~ iUegill for a poli(;e offlcef"to detain rf:i;,tives of a sU$pl!d fOt' questioni", CIf any
other per=.".
,n. COMPENlaTlON fOR FAlSE /lMPfllSONMtNT
A pef$Ql1 who Is ",nlawfully art6te<l1.... rt in (I.l5'tody) o:.an we m.~ Covernl'l"lent
through the attorney Beneral for false imprisonment In the WUl'ts of law.
ill. INTERROGATIONS; a $usped has a right to rel1\4lin silent upon beinC questioned bV
the police and It Is ilI~cal fOT police officers. to u:"1!: r-al$e to draw out the statements
from ill susper;t.
Y. JUOGB' RUlE; this rule ~uires the police to infonol tile iKC'rtcd of his/her r Ch'!:
to remain silem- it thty wish. fClf anyttt-na they ~y may be used against them in
the court of law.
vi. LAW OF BAlL
" A pers.on arrested ~r detained or appcilrs befar€' the court may ... hile in custo'jy
apply for ball.
.. Bail;s. the sum of money p.id fN valued sureties 'liven as sewrit'I th3t the aec:us.ed
person whi)e out of custody wilt c:ontinue appearina: in oourt until the case is
disposed off.
2 1W"""'fr$ Of A SUSPECT AT11llAl STAGE
• The lIccl.::sed has the right to be presumd innocent :.",til the oou.t pro'les
them, him or hilt guilty'.
• The lIcwsed;a1so ha"'" the right to h:lVe a fill: trial and un impartial jW&e.
TlH!, prlllcipal of natural jl_mice states th3t Ill) Olle sholJld be a il.:oge in
h~owncase
• Protecting ilIalnst tkH.>f:l1c: .ieoPa:dy. This rne;l1U ~ aoccused persoa cannot
be tried <>gain on a CiISe he/she has been acquired. for a \es!..er case e-a. a
person ~ of m...... (:;lnnot be tried 3£.in on a Ies~;er (i1$e of
manslaughur.
• The accused also has the right to a ~pe~v and fair tr;i1l
.. The suspe« also has the ,iCht to examirw and c.oss o:.xamlne witUness.
• Ri;jht to buy it IalJllYef's ~rvices
• Right to df.fend ones.e~_
3. RKiHTS Of WE CON\IJCTED P£RS9N AT POST T1l:1AL
I. RIGHT TO APPEAL; if not happyWith the juc!c:ment tht'! s",sped has the rigt:.t to
appeal in a higher o:cun.
11. Right not to be tried for a aimlnal off,!nce in whim he/she ha~ been pardon·:'!d by
tM head of state.
CAPITAl PUNlSHMENT (DEATH PENALTY)

• Thls is the highest form of punishment ar.<l iM\fOftres taltins a....., someone's tile.

- • Capital Punishment is ll!'gal infliction of death .s a ~dlty for \/Iolzline: criminal ~I"'.

I'l"!' lrl"<! h\' " Ml~~_ M. M;)rhil~ (RA El)} ~"d Mr. Sika....,R~ "
Page ';7
 -
..
High marks in Civic Education (From Grad(-lO to 12)
=-- .... ' 'er

Throughout hIStory peop:ro MVt" bP"'" ~u, l:l death fc! varioLS lonT'.$ of wn:>n"Jcloing.
Methods of ellaution haVfl included :!.~h practices as cru:ifixlon. ~tQning. dl'tlwnins.
--
burning l!I per50I' alive, being fed to wild ,)"1......';5, and behe<lding. Today c.ap 'Ial
punishmenlls typically accomplished by lRth",:g;l$ or injection, ele.etrle chair, hanging.
or shooting.

ARGUMENTS AGAINST CAPrTA1 PUNISHMENT

• It promotes ar;ce~unce of vielenu
• ~ VIolating Df the UCHR
• Dippier eea~ penalty nom memorial ;1 has 1'101 prever. ted othel' people from
.;ommitting these uimes.
.. It Is irrev0C3ble and risk o! e~t'cuti.lr. an innocent r:er5un.
• It Is mnn~ severe punishmef\t than im;Jl'"isonment

• ARGUMENn FOR CAPHAl PUNISHMENT

• tt prevents. would be offenders,
• Wirhout It ther'" would be no ....,nMmcnt suffide:rt.
.. ~etv has the pewer to kill for the Ql<e of its members..
I • Ufe impt~ is not sufficient pU:l:shment 10< .. death penalty.

T(II;MINOl05IES IN lEGAL PROC(SSES

I. HA& AS CO~PUS; this ~.m ordt,r ITom the co.... t requirin\l. a pe-rron
detained in custody to appear in court
• ,t BURDEN or- PflDOF; thl~ is the duty that li~ on thE' jlros.e<:lltion to
p1'O'ol'(! the ;u:cuscd pt'l'$On twlt\'-
III STA/IlDARD Of PRoor, this is the weiaht or evidence from th~
prosea.rtin: ~ estab~h tfw, allfot:ed crime.
Iv. PIUHOP'..E Of NATURAtJUSTIO'; ttll1; states th<:t no one shoold be ~
judgr in hi..;her own gse.
v. FIAT; this ~ the certifk;tte eT. imtructior: from the ~cetor of public
prcqocution to commence trial.
~AT §....!:1ri.liliP.AlQH

.. HJV: st<!nds fo: Human ImmunCKleficiency Virus_

• This is the virus which a:ause\. AIDS. It destTOf$ the ;mmtJnl' system of the bo::l'll ;Jnd hef'Ke:
the body loses its ability ~ fii:ht "'6ajn~t «>mmor. d~. It betom('$ .....c.. k.
• The HIV virus w;ns the battle...hen the inferted person betins tl;; suffer horn
cppoor-..mi!itic diseases.
AIOS: st~nds fat' Ac:qui~ immune Dri"K:!ency Syndrome.
• As the body bec:omes _ak,1t loses its power and the ability to fight diseolsa,. E..g.

,-,,
Iuoo:c.u!osis, prnMm'lOfliil, mCllaria, intestirnal dlse~5es and lilV re'.ated ~ncers..
HlY IS SPREAQ IN THE fOllOWING WA.VS
 -.J!.i.gh m~r-:S in Civic Educa.!.!::l {From Gr~~~ 10 to 12)_~
"
,
• :tfXUALIN!ERCOURSE; the HN Vl~ is contained in the semen OI'virginal fluid .. f the
j)1i:r~;QI'I who is HIV Il,~sitil.'e. The virus is lransm:ttcd from ct'Ie inle<;ted person ta > Th
un.infected periOn cl ...;ng unj:rotected. sex. in
~ PRI;GNANCY ANn BftEASTFUOtNG: this ;1.150 kr.ovm;lS Mother To Child Tr.lnsmission of V'
HIV (MTCT).
Du,lng pregnancy HIV o;an be PilSsed to the unborn b<:iby, during child birth, lilV can bC'l , ••
~
transmitted through drr~t contact bet\.'«'en thl': mother's blood 0' vlrgin",1 fluid IInd the U
bolby's blood. Ol.lring breil$l feed"'; HIV ean p;lH thn..ugh brust milt~ It can als;) s~"'eil.d from
CI'lldled nippk's or swoIle" ~ ~asts.
• INfEgED B!,QOD: HI\! can be sprud thl'Ol.lgh blond ~nsfvsion s:>metimes iI po~~
underzoinR an operation or someone who hOlS been involved;n an an::ident may need
extra blood. In lam!)!a all cionatl..>d blood is s::J"~lled fer P.IV to make sure il is ~.afe.
-,
StigTl
po'"
•
• HIV is rJro sprNd by wring ~ or sharp objects like r;uor twces. • F
• I
ffiCTOBS WHICH EXe9SE P£OPL£ IQ HIV AND A,IQ~
Envirol'llnL-nt: places like bars anci n\ght ~1<Jbos can ellp'Ose ~'Op1eto ';ontrilct
HIV/A1CS
Soci3I: this happetS due to lack of recreiltion bcilities rnoiIY 'ead pecp&e to
r •..

et"CiI&e in dalt ilbuse which in ttJm mol\' c:ause peop~ ~or.trxt HrvJAIDS
E«lnom.i~ pressure: dlOe high levels at pov~ some peop1e have r'esol ... ed to
turn ~h(!mselves i:'l to seJ<ual wm'ke~ .IS a way of sW'Vil/a1. •
Cultural pr.. eticl!S: o:ert.ain cultural practi~ES like polygamy. 59"'''_ cleilnslng
and cil'(umci5>on ca" breed i'lc,-e;I§@inHIV/A1DStnnsmissionilndinfertlon •
•
IM?ACT Of HIVIAlDS IN ZAMBIA AT ItoOI"'QUAL CQMM!,!NnY MIO ~!ONAL LElfEL
,. HIV df!\lel.;:,ps Into AlDS that kills a hUnlan beine. Thousands of people halle di.!d.
,. At t3lTlily 1eYcl. the disE:15e5 has killed sPO"'~ e,ther betll Of':I'lle at a time wiltlin iI short •
period of time. •
#' S<>eh a sit:l3tion h.as ~reilted orphans tt.ilt have no one to take CIl'e of them. AonTIiltly tn
grandjnrents take ~are of them. •
,. Ot'phan5 become 3dditlonill c:hildren of p<!Op::e who take care of them and thEir families,
this sib.JatjQn requires additiol'lal r ~ to ;xcperiy feed ane c10thttthe orphilns..
, Some of the o..~ho:Ins an! infedfJl:! by 1lI\o'{A10S VH-.ieh lTK!ans thilt those who ul:e Qre of ~

thoMTl keep on tooking them to the dink for routil"!e treatmCM. "
, r..: Community '<!Vel. AIDS has been talting the "lbrant youths who are Teachers. Police
offi«n:. and t.f.edigl penonneI and other non-professionals who ilre needed for the
Wl!!lIbeing of ti>e l:ocnml.lnity. In nu31 ....eas. Y:;I<>!:hs~" tn.. people who are dl.eply
"
mvolVed in food prodl.tetion by cultivating h"le field5. hence. their death reduce$ food
production.
,. Also. as O'Iristian'S WE' bl.lny our departed loved oneli. Thj~ req,uires hUll" trao:<s of land to
bI.rr'y them. Th;s creates shortage of burial p1i1cn..
,. Finally AIDS ... naUOoallew!l. AIDS k one of the m:l;n factocs CClntributinr: to the econom
down fall of the tour.try. It has affected the SGciely. the indil/idvals.ln group'i, in
wmpi;"ies tond g::..vernlTlent Imtit\l1;ons.
.. ===.
 High marks in Civic Education (From Grade 10 to 12)
S • "0""'-"- . =' -,-
•
J> The J'overnment 'os!:s millions of human belng1. <IS the result of Infected and sld workers
In vanous clepartmenb.1n the whole «n.:ntry. The si~ worlten; Co I1!celve their s-zlari15
.of ye: they do not ~rt for work. 'They QJmOt ~ reptaced by othrr worJcer5 as the ~lt.
an Olrtifichtl shol'tatlE' of labour (employees) is created ;" the tOl.lntry.
:;, Also, Kovemment 1o!>eS money to buy coffios leT dec:oeased ernp'Ol,·~.lnstl!i!ld tt buying
tutbooks in!ioChoob, amont otheT thlnes.

WMAT tS S!IGMATlSATIQN?

., Stigma is thP ",->g:atNe zttltude that people h",ve towards the other pt!ople because of
~ . Some UiImas that people with HIV/"uttS suff~
• OiIV/AlDS Is God's wrath (C~liIbl ancer).
• Promiscuous people get HIV/AlOS
• People with HIV s....ol.lh:l be i~lilted

R::!5ONS FOR STlGMAltsATlON

lack of unden;tanding of the diwase.
•
., . Myths about how Htv is transmittl!d.
Unttudl opinions about HIV/l'.JDS
PEOPlE LOON(; WlD1 lilY SUffER ptSQl;IMIHATlO""

.... • At tne;, work p~1ce,. there are po!ices mat ",...falrll dl$cri"'fnalion atOll;""t people livina

- •
",,"ith HlVjt.IADS.
• Some employers requb es mUlCbtory HCY test U d eonditiol'l fOl' I eaultment.
~ emp\oyler>' bsu'r-.e (.ornpanies f~re HiV teostbetore at,eeing 10 pl"tytlde
«l\I~rage for life .. s"uranee sa as 1:hev can ba~ poemium pa>imerts according tJ HIV
sut\a..
~ H~thy W:;Ir!<cn i~ tru~ted with iltfoo .. i3tlon do 1'1,)'1: re;pect conf.clentiaDv of HIV !>latus.
• ~POpIe livil'll: with H1V/AlDS st;IlUS are rlenie.d ed.-tionoIl sd'loliWShi;l by both Ntional
and InternatlonOlI orcanizatiol'l.
• T!'o(o lrave! is resuictcd to people IMn:::wi:'l fflVjAlDS be<a~ some countr""', .equi1'i' a
.clies, Ol"l:dlive stmzs as a umdition for viw a;)pl!C4ltion.
L
.re of

-.
RI(iI'ilS Of Pf;QPLE UVlrsrt WITH t\lV!A1QS
') An in!l!clw peno!l hu the right to make her,this oec~ a!x:ut me:lkallreatft'\ent and
therefure tannal be forced 10 test for HIV
" ,he rigtlt In life
(, rhe right 10 lI'oertv
" The freedom ofexpre»lon which mf!arn. the right to give or to To:!'Cei_ infomntion
") FFeedom of mO"CillCl't. The rigI1tto tr3vd around
_dto .> Fret:dom of assembly aod anociatlon
" Right to (onficlential!ly OIInO privacy about otle's HIV status because of Stigmallli1tion and
IlI'Illmic. d4crimination agalnU people l",jog with HIV/A1DS

INSTITUTIONS AND ORGAl\!ISATlONS O£AUNG W1T:i HIV IN ZAMI5t.

• The Ministry of Health;s the main l:t<>titutlon
= • P''f:'' ....
 High marks in Civic Education (From Grade 10 to 12)
____ FM
-",.=" ,=»--,,-,- --,- • •
Econ
• The natiOfl,;lI1-l1Vj AODS covr:,i1 !>I!lt',
• Kara l;Q",nse!ing and t~ti",g ,,,,nt!"e
ma'"
•
•
The Np.w Start counseJir,e: me testing centr~'
Networ'" of zambian pp'oj)!e f1vlng with HIVjll,lDS

ROLES OF HIV AND AlDS Itlt'S"[lTUT10NS AND ORGANiSATIONS

=.
rnI'll

ha"'!
MiSl"
To pmvide Voll.U1tary Counsellir'tS ar,d Te~ting (VCT] ~,

To offer trE'atmel1t and ca'e, ~

TrJining of ,:oun~elors ".<
Offer I",gal advice .~
Offers ph'f"'eal treatm"nt and life skills tr<lining
Out reach plOgrammes ""
inet
000
!.Q,!lTUHEOf PEACE
• PEACE. This i~ the I':'e'ience of justice it'l the community,
• COJl,:ruCT: Ths is the mis'mderstanding between two ondivlduals, communities or ':ountries.
M£I:I-lOOS Of PROMOTING PEACf
Intermilrr~lges
rriend~l1ip
...
wh
[~ch.2nge of gifts .,.
Mutual aid
Forgivene:;.s
Tolerance
R(>~pect
jmtice
~uses OF CQN~Ug

~ HISTORY: Res.earch ha~ proved ~hat historkal re,l'>Ons have contributed to confli<:l b many
parts otthe world.
EG the recent resolved conflict between t~ lUNDA and the lUVAl£ in Zambia ha~
.'"
h1

~ol"ethint to do with their histories and how they interpret it today.

"~
~
~ Ethnkity: deep f:!el1ng~ a:;ainst a group ot people that do not ~Ionl: to your own ,~thnk p
grcup can develop deep frustration that ca, initi'lle conmct~ betwet,n n'lO ethnic Hfou~.
Normally this happen~ where large groups are e~c1uded from [Y-llitkJI and economic life on "
n
reglOl"Ial or social rl':ason~. E~<Imples of the~ conflicU also known as succes.sional {,onfliets D
were e~perienced in Katanga in 1960. •
• Imbalance O"f na~ral resource: the if'l(rea~ in poPJI;lt'Qn has put 100 much pr('$:;urc on
land ~nd natul<Il resources available, It ha~ threatl'ned the eoonomi<~ survival of the local
••
peopie. Such a situatiop. has creatr.d opportunitiel. for conflicts as the local people light for

•
the f_ reso"rces availstle,
Immigration; in a region where thp.re i.\. high p)pUlal ion forfew rI,~c,urces mas~ive foreign ,
I

immigration increase~ re!oenlment.~ by the host pt..-'Ople. In most C<lses such situatic ers. leads •
10 political violence.
===-'~==_~A:':'~.~~
Pr~l'"red by Miss. M. Machi\;; CM El» and Mr. S.kao!lga
__' '~
Pag.. '>6
 High marks::.2 CJvic Education (;;t:?m Grade 1 (~o 12") ..~_
"

Ecom)mi(: am:! upon '~IC::C~: OOllnlct.. ;1nl ;l~;o

!.eW",ment of di"pl.'!e b~twern ,ndlvldwb; Of W<lUP" t-y solution that ,I\oid, 1: al..o IT,e<lns 10
maintain pe.ice which:n turn cnablr.s sociel\' lO dl::velo,) it~lf. The fol<lW:r.g affl (;WO
me~ds almed at (ontro/llr'll: M t:MTIplete:y taldr18 Ol/Cl" economic aI\d elC;)Ort resources
mc:>sotty in the botder regXttlS. TtIe states f'ttlt 0....1 the peaOl!' of land t'latrs ~ to
n.rve lot" less t.enflnned) ti,-" deposits, of minerals.
Mismanasernent of economir; re5Ol1rees, conflicts Olro also st3rt:ed by JTOUPS of pe<nle in
r;ountrlcs whrnoe the.e Is poor ~em3n«!, IXIrl\lption and wide spread poverty. In ~.ljch
<:ountrles pt."Ople kncY, that the national re!,;Ouues are ml~anacedand the realiution
mrl~ seriously resentm~r.ts.:me!poIit1cai ln~!)"ity l"osdir.& to man'jl conflicts. Thi! is
WCl"'"..e where a small r.'Iinor.ty eontrols the sule.
Refugees.: as the .esultof many a>nflicts in Affi~ the ~ d n..ofugees is ak.J
ina&t5itl&- Larxe ~ of reftlgecs increase pt-es:sure on e:e ioea "eSGU1'CeS In tile host
oromrnunities. Sometimes, the retucees use these areas as s;pringbo••:uds for attadt.ng the
government forces. This milY bflng lrwer;ion of forl!lgn troops into the host (:ommllnitJ.es
,,,lliJ,ting bordur incidents and fighting.
tries. rO",e,ty, itli!e.-;)(y and unemployment: poverty 3nd ireq:uallty aceusins 8~ ~~,d ,n
~ice iocreorse ~:.:re that lead to COi'ffict ..... crban areas.. tt Is In ~':biJn areu ",here
they .re thousands of I.l~\ up!oyecI poor people kno".- 'Sl£RT.pe17 p,-'*t::riat (J.'tJI'''J1yt:1)
who are usuany eil$lf ~ for Wiio' r(!O'Uil:ers and polit.:eal ab em,slL
Inju'>lice: w~1!! then! is Injustice peaCI!! Will net pc'cv;oiI bef;ause it I'niJnifestI; itself)n many
1A1a'r"S.. It Is tht' llOurce of anaer, fnlstratlon and resent.T1ents to the f!:>l!stlng govem"ent.

NIGATtVE IMPACt'

• Conflid: lead to killing et many i"'>lXe"t p.-....plq especially d1lidren, '>oI'On':en, d1labled and
~"" ok! peopfe. Women a1I\! abo sexualty hara~ dvrir.C tonfllcu. In tl\e end they bn"lg
fnCMcnins human wf~,ing:.
• Cottfliet'J; fo~ people 10 l\.n away from th'l;r hom6 to take refusl: in new :areas where
there are no II>a".
• When eonfIitn take 9:lU, lnfrastNtture is badly l!ol~ed_ Tbcse indude buildil"l(". air
ports, ~~. and leleocOfr.rnumcauuui', arnone omen.
• TM ~ono..TIY of any oounlry In conflicT: is ~ affeo:ted. ~Iture dl!(line!:.u 11
00 result of currl'Iict. Peoj.lle find It: diffkult to gll to their farms to cultillate.
• Dur'n" the period of (onflict, OWblk expertdltiJre is p'e<Ion1lnaM!y fQl' rnillt:;rry effgrt. Suet:
expllndlture nOf1l1;111y t~lCTeasM the national debt as the COU:1try borrows for war I~rt.
• By nature, (ivil conflicts or conventional Wilrs destroy the environm,mt. There is
envlronmenul clqtadation in the place of war.

PQSffiVE lto'PA.CJ
;.. INhr.n 11 crouP captur~, the territory of an enemy, li'e resoucc.es S4IUt as rninerals,
~mben. a>griculture lilllds ilre pll.H1C!ered by the 1"0lJ;I tha\. has capt..1red the ~SClL rees.

;':":'I:,,~,~,~"~hy~Mi:"~'~,~M~,~M~'~<""~"~"~(~B~A~E:D~l~'~O~"~M~,~,,";'~":;,·o~,~,~,";';';~""""';;;";';'''';'';';;;';~p~,~g~,~,~'~
 "
High marks In Civic Education (From Grade 10 to i2j
• "=' - ... -----=
.. The COI"I'lpanIl!s tmIt produce miltary "'CI1.Ii:emer.ts or material's w;: pit them ... :!l .(ISt of
•
groups fiShtilli each (j~f. <:1 thatwa'f supplten of ~ military matel':alsgain
~ll(ImleaUyfrom confects.
~ Many cor.f'Jct:s h3Ye multed In one group beins d:ef~teC. SI.:ch a :it!k-at leads tQ
J !
territorial expal'lSion by the victors in the confikts.
L
... If tile tMflict IfWO!Ves more groups or nations, allia\'lce are fanned In ordeT' to de~at the
other side. Such alllalKes treate I;t\ity iImOne t'he aUiaoc.e membcr!..
" Those who wOI1c l\an:I tu brina peace lln me reglo.~ ofconfliets also bil<le'f"tt from tho..
conflict. The UN send peace makin; teams to end the eonflic".:s and. 3:],.0 where neo:~ssarv
send Jl"Ite keeping troops to enhance a peaeefl.ll at:mosphere in thl:conflict zones. These

...'"
troops earn a lot of money.
•
CONfUC! R§Ql.U'!1ON
Methods of resolving «:nfticts, conflict resolution is tileof' resol'ling conlliet$..
• Counsellng: this me1.hod is used in ind;vldual situations. The counselcr ts sorn(on, . ':rusted
by both p; rties. who he~ out to resolve c:onfIict.
•

•
.""'"
• Ne:aotiaUon: thl<> is a proc;ess condude:d by a reliable .. nd skilled nenotiatOl" who tor.--as
out soluttons direc:tly b<!tweell the disputing parties.
•
do

• Mediation: this method is done by a neutr.ll third party;KXep~by tm disP\fti:'lf.I~arties

• a
or croups to arrive at an a<:eeptable solution seneratE'(f by the panle<o 01' grou, ••
tnel'Melves. n.;,; method alms at balancing the twQ sides /lnd drawmg them dou. to each
other by accoc,.~tin.eoteh other's v'.e'WS before reading a soU."tlon.
a
• Arbitration: In;, Is utlderta!<en by the arbmator vAM> 1$ appointed by the displ..otlll;~ parties •
CM" &roul)j; to resolve their difference... Th4:! arbltr.ttorlistens to the p;I~es and aftll' ..... a..u

plO'Oidesa decision whid'l i. ~ndir'l& 1.0 the parties affected. The deci:ilon is provic,'!d in
writing.
• Ut!£ation: this method allows the parties conc.ernecl to proceed to the puolic courts of
law. Throurh lepl ~nlationtheyrcs~ve their diftenmces by app'yi"l:. to thE taws of
the COlitltry. The)l.id&e is empowfl'ed to maile and im;:oleme~d ~ SOmetr.!, ~s
disputes between cuuntrles illrE' t~en to the intern;lliooz! ccurt of Justl«' to be ...! ;o~.

cr;:EATlNG A CUlTUlSE or PEACE

• Peac.e is what shou:d prevail in any counuy. ihr.. peace: an or~1y be' in our h~rU if
we respect other human t>e!ngs..
• At pcrsollalItNaIIt is important to wo.-k for ~LI$tiCe If you w;r,t pcac.e i" 0 .... homes
or UHnmurUtie:s.lt~with the lndivicSual who Is jlt'St Ifai.j in these daily
activities we should c:ontrd our anger the hLnt we ha.v: foro~ people ;.Id the
resentments that we harbor In O1Jr heitrts for other P<!Oj:-le.
• Promotion of,good ~rncH1a! is another ilToporUmt step tollarc!s the aeatior> of z
CIllture of pea~lli I" a COUrrtl'y.
• Bad Bovernamt' breeds anger- and hi'te th;;.>t will elCplode [nt, serious c.onllet good
pern:ance p"""lI'u:r.es justice.

= " =.
 • In an envirOl'lmP.r.t of harmol'lY It ts l!a$yto Ilfomote jX>Sil;ive >;:loa! and ~:unomk
development lor the benefit of all r;IU~ens.

SOQAl Q-!AII fHGES

" Social challens:es are issues and p.obleml. bCrll: hurr.an bein,s t~.
1. CHILD A&!SEi thE> <s any form CIf ill treatmentaf a mild ...,h.m e.is cou~d be ph,sic3l,
mental orverbl. Physic:ol! <;hild abu$C could be battering canning, Slit~;xn,1 Cl
pinel'lln,. Mental abuse (Ould be lack ef love or nel!eet. Verbal abuse taj(~ tc.rms ef
insults, screaming er shouting at a child.

fORMS Of QUlP A8USE

• Olild defilement this is the ad of h.-.flns: unlawful ~I intercOl..r..e with ii boyu .. ~l
who is16yr$ and bdow.
• 01;1>;1 buttering; thIs is whate someone beats a child often, it is bettlJr te distu~s issues
with children rat/l6 than I'C$Qrting to beating. When they have done somcthirlfl wrong.
• Chold neglect: this is a situation wfw,re c..... iklren ;ore not taken eare o'i by their parer.ts Of"
CUOWdIiins.. ChI1dren are notliYen tlw love and:.lte care thltt~ need!« perK.IMI
dev~opment.
• O1i1d labour: this refe.s to won that", mentalty, ~aUy. mon;lty. cl;onserous arod t-.armful
to children. This work normally Interlere$ with tho~ thlldren's o,pol'"tunlty to atlt:ud
school, their over;all develop:nent 'll1d recreation.
o 0I11::! sexual abuse: thIs take:!; ptal:e when an adult er '(Hn~ne Oltlt,. thart a <;1'1110 into a
sellUa.! activity, e.g. oral self. child pomognipl-ry, sexual touchin.J, vioginal pe.-.etr.Jlion by
Rnc.eB, penis or anv other oajec:t, 'Se'll,;I1 intItfCOl.'~, chikl pI"Orti:Ution, child ~ .ings.
Child selCual abuse !sU$Ui1lJIy 1rioIent.

~A\'S Of A.ORCSSIN~UA,tABUSE
~islation 0" child ~l.lr
EnaClina. stiff punls,",""",ms for the offenders
Sensitislnc tht! community about child abuse
lteportinc eases of child abuse
Spealcinz out about a p«Iblem
EnoouraginS ~ lliC!lms to 10 to the vic::im suppcn unity (VSUI
Drop in tenbel'$ and NGOs for <;ounse1inc servic.e and le(:El advice.

lNSTI!VT10NS THAT AQRrss CHIlD MUst

o VICtim wpport un~f Zambia Police SefvIce
.) yo"ng Women C'htittian Auoci.. tion (YWCA)
() Young Men's OlriSI~n Assoc1atiOl'l {YMCAl
'J Zambia Chti~ Eductltion AssociatiOtl ~ZCF.AI

z. SEXUAl, HARA}:iMENTAND AAa

011 SEXUAl HARASSMlHT:
 High marks m Civ£c EdUCltiCJn t,,'rum Gr.1d.' 1 0 to 121
tt" = . .... ....... ...
". l~ when ~eone is slyinl or lioinr. thlrl('.!o l.eXual~ ~.Jd1 a5 to\Kt\~ VOll Of m~~,rg
:>exllal rema,h

.......
". It indw:ies a promise of a Job promotiolt, trait>ing and any fa.V()rS in returt\ for

". tt ill$O ind~ hint 01 thfNt]; that th1rw> win not Co well foryou if you refu5e~e"(ual
~~~uill

denand$..~:e",,!to afC! U5U<1Uy harasse~ Glll 0l1lW fcllol.1r;nr:~

L Make il:dear, ycu 60 not want that lcind of bC!h.....iorfrorn tt-.e J)f:n3n i!I5 OJ rC$I.,lt i"lt: or
h~ has no f:llCUS!! t!':at you f:ncotlfilEeQ: h m to thinlc tha1: you a;J!::1 oved him.
11. Ilf he ~ not stop h.:ItitSSi~ you, keep a record ef the ineldMt]; ill iil small note tc.ok..
Write thj!m down iilnd ask a friend to witness them,this way your \·riend will '.upX>l't

"'".
Pt9ttetioro Ufjnst 5e;ujjl Ha!'ilss:nenl
o T,ytn make your home ilS ~ as possible
o Ou MJt let anyo.-,e Into VOtJr home rf you ~ in arry 'W,~ d=btful or >t::>p-lious
o Trytn.avoId situations l:hr. make you feel lh"\Corn!ort,ll:l\e
" When you :line trav.e!itlt: US!TlC public: t"3nspor:: try to Si!. ne;K,l~ _ a n or mall.

bl RAPE
". This is When a person has un:awfUl sexual intNcouf'>t: with a WOl'tlan, nirl. or bey
without his or hoer C(::Il5-e"t,
QI\E CAN RtS1ST RUE IN TH; FOLLOWII«i WAY$:
,
". Atlen:iorl seeking u.::6cs: !"-fe9."\ling and oJ'lou1ir\3,.
". Non co-,gperaticm ta.:tics: su:h as refus;ng to !.a:C~ off\'Ollf do~t:S
". 1"syc:I'JoIogiUlI.lXtil:£ such as reasoning with the rilpi5t, tryi"1 te fri:Vrtcn hilt::,
disl:u:..tiTl!: him or win his sympathy.
". Physical ,,,"SfSlallft: !illltlng back or stru!U:ling:

PWlBU: REAmoNS AfTUt UP,

Shock.
Avoiding physiall contact
~llr.
•
p:-ob!ems: with slec!p
Shame
Angl!r
Depression
rtf!lina guilty

WHA.T1Q DO AfTI'l! BEING RAPEg

Report to the police
Get .. mediQ:1 Tl!pOrt flom the ~ t\e;!:tl'l cenlP.f
Visit a counsclcr

cm _._0. _
Seel~ ~'" .. dvice
= Q_ .=== u~ft""~""'""""'"'
Pn·p.l1,·tt hy Mi..... M. Machi'" !HA I'll) a"d M' 'iii '''''p."
"_~"''''''''''
1}"I:<, W
 High nuu-k.-; in Civic Education (Ff"Om Grade 10 to 12)
" .- =~" =. = - .
3. T~E~GL pREGNANQD,
c._.. gf Teenaae Pre£l'l"''''its
o ,"-,,~$llre
o Personal devc:l<:lpment
c, Udr of 5elI ec.'t1e..tion
Co Influence hom ii.oCiet)o and the medi,
u Cultural issues in some soc:letie$ where litis are rni'rr1~ off cot a tend<M" ane
u economic. Iss\lIes (llovelty)

lliKU
(' The heiJtt, of the mother Is ~t:ed because ..he Is not ':~ rNb.!rf) fl;;r reproduttion.
" rne pr! may be .. ~ by society and may not beM tI'te shame:ll' ~ not cope ,~~th
"m(don•.
Child dump 11:
(, Chances of u.., g;rl gett",& "'..rried are at .folke.

WhYS Of "REVEN'TING PREGNANClE:S

.. AbninenOl!!
... AI/old.ng bold oorn~ny
,. Setting KOal. Of tlnnc'P""
:.- O;U-.lSsircwithfr.e'lds
)i. AvoKiin£ ..I<ohoj aod drup
.. Ilel~ting peel prenu.'t'
... Upholding good mor.. l..

S'jfNDtR V10lE;rKE

I" Iho:; is ,,~nc;e in 10111'0& men and....omen ,n whdl lnu female i$ USlQI/y the "ictt.......
... Gender violence tJoe. not only mean men ilbl6int; W ~ ~ it "boo mean women a1)\,1lolng
fellow women ptlys.M::a11y ano verbally.

fiMl.Mi Of GE~~ V101.f~

~ P!!d~lent'!:Th .. h lhe form ofviolcnce dj'eded on lhe> body; usually aims ~t In~\ctinc
!"Iin e.g. $'i!xu.. 13$,ault. bel.lting. and shouting.
)- Pl~h~l!,rio!!'I!"-~thi~ '" concemed witll viCI~nce towards the mind of someone e.a.
humiliation, threa~ h",,,ument whieh ~"n ra.ult In to depression, f<U5Irit~ion. madnt!>-~ and
even ~uitide.
,. S!r~!u.... !~latlOn: lh~ ,ndude ah the violence 1tla~ ~ice pike within me str-.-;!u,,"S of
iMtltmioN !t UCCUr5 ,n the Kor>omic.. political, social a:'lCl mil~ry,~ It .r~ flor:"
unjust and l~,e:;,"'" $0(:",1 n:uct'''l'''S A5. such, women may be denied to eertain
"p;>oln::menu t>ec.u,,", of their Stiltus.
•
CAI/$£S or GENDliB MSED YIPLENa:
 High marks in Civic Education (From Grad~ 10 to 12)
• O"mlu!nness
• Petty Jeal0U5
•
.
Refu»I to I'IaVe ~ ~

• Refusal or delaying in s.avin8 food

• SIISp.ected marltal3'fbirs
• Belids that women provoke ~ by back
• 8eAef that metl show ~ by beatitl8 wfIooes

WHOAAEA8USEBS?
• The abuser may be an onIltlary person or Cl j)et'S0I!l in Cl privl\egt!d position OIler the
abused.
• Abusers may induae people within the family stlCh is a hu:sb.and, wife, ~ and
those outside ~ family. Such as mernb<trs of tt>e extlln.ded famil'f, fri~ds and 1.tr.Jl'llers.
• Gender based vIolence can take place il/'Lywhere 5uch as ill ill horn,:, 011 the street and at
won: plateS.
EFF£CfS.Of GENQEB 'MEDylOlENCt 2)
• Suicide
• Depresslo!l OrtraUI'ml
• Pemunent disabilities
•
•
Unpbnned pcqnandes
lo$S of se.~m and COtlfidenGe
,
• Family disruptions, like dl"'OfCe
• Spread of HfV Md ri5k of o:orrtrxtirtg other (STlsJ

WAYS Of REDUQNG G£J\IOER BA.SEOV'Ol.ENCE I

-
• By spe;tkillB out abotrtthe pmblem
• SellSitizlng the community about ge:'lder 1I1olel'l(.e ilnd die need to wcrk top:l:hel· to 5t09 G'"
thellioknce.
• Ass.i51iflll couples to discuss and resahrinl:their problems.
• Reporting cases of &enc!er ~ to the police or to the vktlm support UI'lit for S""
•
cOt/Me1lns and legal action.
En.:oumging IIIctiITl$ to go for legal idvice to NGOs or drop In eentt'l'S dealing wit:, geoder
bawd vlc'ellQ!. ....
~'"

METHQQ$ TO ruM W!l/QER VJOt.£NC£ AND CM!tp A8I.JSC "'" ,

~m
• lobbying fOf" changes in the taws IInd enfol'cement of i8W5 regilrding gel'lderviolt'nce.
• M_in&, others aware ofth.e lI!>Clent and true nilture of~nderv/oIC!l1c:eiUld child 'obuse,
dlff.
e.g. through public eOOc~.
• Counseflng centeB for" victims OSSU'
• J'onnuladon of community gC!nder based violence c:omrtIes. •
"
If(SJlTUllONS TIjAT ApOftFS$ GENQQt V'OlENCE
.'-
Prepared by Miss. M. Machila [RA En) and Mr. S,k300p Pagr:62 "'''''
 • polke.vidim$Up~~lt
• YWCA
.. YMCA
• L.epl aid clirric tor women
• NGO>

GENO£ft £QUnY AND eQUAUTY

these are sodal chilraderlstiUi

Gender, ,1Yen by ~iety to ioclMC:uals in society by vimlf! of
oeq men ~ wcmert.

ClASSACATlON OF liOENDER
•. Gender Roles
b. S6RoIes
1) GENOI:R ROlES; tf>e,;;,e Me socl~ roles whleh qol'l !)q perlormec:l by both ~e ..nd female
wdl as,'9Q'dnc.writjn. tNenjOL ".'I'm
ar,d so on.
2) so: ROUS; these are lIolllIoalc31 roles lhat an ~ periormed by 11 p;)rtkl.llllr sex thac is
rna'e or female such iUlI:re!!Uf~ln&!womenl.

,,
.- GENl)fR GAP: This Is the differenQ! ~ males anll fe~ In their SlCl'6o- e<;oncxnlc
~

SEX ROUS STEROTYPE: Thls {$ a belief th;Jt males ar.d fema~ by virwe of their SI~ pe-rform
aorta"", gencf« roles sum a$ buitdl,, __ "-'se 1$ done. by men.

GI;HDOl EQ.UITY AND EQUAU'TY

The ~'forsen<'eI" equity and equalityes ill direct resulto( attkol ;,reas of C,Qncem for
_et! .nd the sk1 d-:lld. These Issues of o::oncet'n on cn& h3:ld an!! .. rewlt of bIoll)JIcal
cliffel'"~ wtKle on ~ a1:~. are. result of women's ~mic;situations.

ISSUES MF£Cl1NG WOMENS SOOo.ECQNOMIC NEl05 AM:

viok'nce .-Inst 'n 0 "en
Pt;nie,'ty 1rI11l1'CMfteft

.p._.. ~..-......-... ,.. .-._---~._. "---'-'", . . . . . . ., ..-. -.

Pl'"f1l3red by Miss. M. Madlil.:l (8.A FJ» alld Ml. SIkal;ug;.
-~.
.. ,._. . . . . .C&.. ..........,.
P~6'

"
 •
• •
1!i~ m.::rks ir. Civ,k ~~~~ti0l!.:(F"?m.~~e_~_O to 12)
- "- . - . --
Unequal ilCCe'5$ to edualtion. he;llth cafe, among others
~tioo of women's riiJht.~

BACkGROUND OF GENDER EQUfl'Y AND EQUAlITY

'n ~ effort to Insure this, bmbia siple-d to the: UN ~ on this Issue tn 19S5-
Sinai Uten It has taken stance to implementing this bo,-,
;.:. ay atulndl", the 1995 8e;)'", J;ol'lferenu on gendt..... and it demal'lded an end to iln
form5 of discrimlNotion ~airut .... ometI.
» SetUni upr:A the 8fl1Cle-r In development dIVision whid'\ was In (NI'II! of m:onltorirl&
gl!~r related polldes, projects al'ld pl'"ograms.
,. The establishment of the ministry of .er'lder
)- Silnlna of the ~ Afriu d~:>pmentomwnunlty dec!anltlon on c~r

GENpEa fQ!.J!!Y

_.
Thl:s h the proatss 01 treatina men anti WOmert falrly'50 as to help them to achleve equai
s~ ... 5Odety. This Is ~Iso done throuch equity pt'OI~ Hke;!OSitin di:gjrofl\ation; this is

.
an iICt of treiJ'dng mal6and fema:es diffei"entfy so as to he'll' tt1em achleve an ~I sUt ~s in

P9SfTI\fE OISCRIMfNAJlQN
. . .
A cood ~mploc of positive dlscrlmlMtiotll' ",'grade 7 IInd gritd'e 9 where 1:1115 hoWl! a ao.._r
(Ut off point d\oIn boy$..

GEI\!Q[]l; EQUAlITY • .'

• nm Is the prlnclple of giving equal oppc:lrtunity and .f:tlual ri8hts to bMh ma;e arid
female.
• tt o;ans fO<' ~ual ~ts and equal opportunity to all humOln ~ reg;arlUess of $eX,
race and r~:" ,
SQQAUSATION
• This is the p,-OCM5 wouah whkh women and men. boys "'nd girls ilSSlined n-rt:llrl
duties depe1idiolC on an the 'nllues - 0 sra::lislon oItftat sodetojI.
• Studies I'tave ptoved that l ~ scci<ll,zation is ba~ on pan.i(:ular belief of.male
domrnar'M;e over femaleS.
• This has been seen In th,. fo."IowU1J elgenb of sociall~n
1) Filmil'r. in the famil, parenu have ~ seen In allocatint: ilSSe'K of family rl'$O\ll'ee5 in to
~"ls:,~~r eh/Id potential than female ones. ~ om
• In. home il alrl child Is ail/en more responsibility marl a boy. ..
2) The School; ~e$doOc1 ",,"s .150 c.onlritwted to mm dominance by auoatina ce~
subj<ed$ to male and omers to girls as It believes that boyS un do better In spec:ific
subject. ' , '. , ..,.
• For eqmple,l1ome economies is b4llieved that it can fit hener to a Ihl chikf as sl\e
,- __biga _ . ~ • •'--_ ..,._ _ -.11 .", I
,~a eo .....-~.N1""""' ~'.

• [nvIrontnerlt of boys seems to be mo~ thiln that of tilts in 5I;hQOl •

... - '" y ""-.¥--._-~_.~-~ ,..... ,. ~... " ~-
 High marks in <;lvic Education (From Grade 10 to 12) ..

2) 3) Mcdr.J ~ media h;JSc::rl'lb'1tluted to make 4omlnane:- OVfH' men dui to Its deFIcti~1I the
~ aI.....-n Is till'"' subordllate to mell.

41 Rc:lIjpau5lrmtwtions; ttlQ ha5 not bHn II!ft 0lIt I" pnder ~~etyplfllll$$een in:
- Some ch\.Irehes only allowing men to prnch
- Women are ~Ihttobe swm!s5Mto men.

""'S. THE J:U:'IJONAl GENDER pQUcy

This"'iIS "cClOlecl by "ICY,oemmen1. or. 6" M¥t.h 2006.
cl to an A<M
• Acl1iewe .... equalilnd full pi!Sl1ld~tlon of men and women.
• Provide a M.a.al m..me WQI'io: and mallGau: for evrry stake holder to ~dr.ss &l'""der
irnbai;Inc.es.
• Main strurn~erCCfl(lem$1n the C:CYe!ocJmWlt pr'IXfiS.

THE !HIDSTAU SUCCESSION ID f19891

• This b the ~ttp"l.ud pIlde
mend tofac.Rltate.ay, of Iflsur!n.B thn finaoces
and pn>pelty of. dazMed person k. shared acc«d'ns to the survM.>g
benef'ldaries.
• Nottf\attfUs;act un onty be a nd'e~e where the de<e&5ed person :lid note
llve a wllt,
.w::!!J,.."ttI1l: is tt.e do..-u_nt...t.kh showIl>owthe deceased. person lnte'tded to distrlb"te h~
property lIfter death.

....~
&DMINISJ'MTQR; thl$is ~ legally appolnte<l pet'5on 10 ll'lsure that property of the lle<:e~
Is d~ted aacrdln& to the \aItI.

PISIBlllCDON OF THE [STATE ACfLWQ]NG TO THEACl

l FIN?'!:.

- piHEF!OAAY-
•
PERCENTAGE(" I
I .
• eTHEft CONOffiONS
I ATi"ACHED
no
j•
_.....
so Children indudins s~p 1 where me;:e ar~
dlildren and adopted children ttM~ 50% is liwerl to
children the paren~ of the
--_ .. - - _.. _---
Where tflere: Is IU)
----
'" Sp«wBe! (sI
survMngspous~the zc,,{ Is

-Pale-nu
- -- - - --1~e~
-dece;;r,;ed
of tne , Wef"e tCl the- 'hf~!:,
p¥e:lt! - - "J'
do no! exis~
th~ 20% Is (llstrlbute<t
I1~~_- Ibetween ttte s.pCll,l$e,

t=:~~~ I
 H!g!l marks in Civic Education (f:"om Grade 10 t;? 12)
-
• Note that brothers and sisters to the d1!l:eased are l'IO't~rt of the beneficlart.l!s.
• They can 0l'I1y ber~ w/lel"l! then! we no Sl,UyMnS p;ilrene. ct'~dren and ~nd~ts.

04A!TELSANDTllE HOUSE 2

PERSONA!. O1ATT£LS' this ir.c:lvdes thlnp like the hO\l$l! hold &OOCb.dcr.hes. eql,lipme"utc.
•
q
THE Houg: ' •
H
). this I' fm-the SUNivinsspouse iUld chIldren.
.. Thespouse(s) Ilave tt1e riJht to .emaoln in the house as fa. as the-t don't ren~.
,
> Where there Is tnon! tharc one house or ew this Is distrQllr..e1l xconllr.sl'l' ~tween ,
the wlfe;ar..d chlklren.

PftJlCIJCA1, PIUW fMS AND UMITADONS QfllU! IllfIE8STI\U !ltq

• zambian laws mrty "Dt considerc:ertaln r'I\iIIITlas.,s fllee co.nabltation:'.
• Children born OI.Itslde ....edlock If not ~now by the su...'ivIflS spouse ~'oIIY
I'IOt be~ from propflrty of the decease::! parents
• Enine :admlniJtnrtors:are boI.indto be puolshed by the law but this 11'011"1'
DOt ~ fOf' few of brulWlS cu!h.l~ nonns -.cl ':nIdrtSoN
• Thel'e b no provlslan for ~ YI,llnerable chlidrL.. <!IlIpeciaOy (cm~
orphilll'lS who t-.-e been Infected by HIV/AlDS-

~fNm:B ISSUES IN TRAOITION AND MORPEN SQQm

CONiRAST/DIFFalENa:.s

r:::-~~_ ~N~
r • Men wet"e
-:=-- r-__ --
tilU&ht to be auressive •
MOkDEN --.-~~~-
Phy$1caoI Yiolcna: as a Ya!f of
I ilrId domin..twhlle women were cOlltrulling women is.'tOW been
trairoed to be obedierot. 'lddteued by various ~
.__ _....j __ ..!~~eme!!.tl!l~enc!.
•
I .
&cussed openly by parents.
_ _ __ __ __ .
discussed by parents to chtllken
openly due 10 fuues o;fJolIV/AJt)S._

rL_ ::~~~35thbbrourht
buoes ofmarriloco;were not to be , • llle ~~ ofmarrbl:e._

L_ :;~:r::~lym~n~a~ _,
1

COMPARISON
:0- In both tnditbr. alld modem SOCIety there is iO m'SOOll~pti= t!lat reg"ld~
WOITIl!n'S ~ In~rior
 High marks in Civic Education (From Grdde
-
10 to ]2) -.
). In both th~ is maloe dominance over women
.. In bot" tr.>dIHonaf and modem d~i$ion making In ill ho,ne Is dorn4t\..~..s by
~.

,. polypmy is practked In bo11IlfOldltiornol and mc:ldeom sodety

~ Wornen '1nl! Cirb spend rr>CJR: Urne worhlng t:h<In their cJoUnte, parts.

QI«iANISADSADONS AND !NS!!!UDONS!HAIAPVOCATE FQ!t GeNDER [gum ANQ

EQUAUIY
". f). zamb'$ Natlon"l Women Lobby GI'Ol.lP (ZfrrjWLG)' this W~ formed ... , 1991 with tht, aim of
great batatlced r~resent3tJon of women In y,bll'let ",..d in decision mllt,nl_
"1.lustK>e for WO!" ,m and Orphans Project(JOP): This *als with the ~1.16 of \/1oJe,n~e i1gllOnst
~

~:~n ;~I Yovl'lC Wo::loen'S (;ntfstliln AssoCtatIon: it Is a Olrid, . organiuItlon ~ em~,rs

....01...." to Imow Cbe... rillhU. dutie and """ponslbUitH.... on .o;odety. Ani also hoe/p'r .... :.men
re;,\U.e ttle; -full potentIal as human beings.

THE Z6M8!AN 8!U Pf RIGHTS

or Tbc zambian bill at 'IaMs I, a kt offo,ond~right aod freedom ClWC~ if'> pflort III of me

.... 19!1& ~mlrian Connltution. This Is the c<x>nt1y's malr. lnstr.,ment d l'rotectlna tmI riet'ts ~n<:
freedom of the individual. The Bm or Rlghts In Zambia c:;onnot be! easily arnetlded b~""use of
th,.strfct _ndment ~quitem,...,ts.ltcanally be _ ~ .~r .. national refererodum i<l
wtIich Iers than _third of the rql~ VO'tIen VOle at least 5C)O .. ~ in f;wow- of the
~endments

fhe constltut'OI1ol provtslOflS In the bill ofrlghts lilrg_1y r~flect pr'OW$lon$ contalne(lln t~

In'N<mational bill r:A rlf:hts made up of;

..- Ul'llve~ Oeciatatlon of HUfNln Rights;

... Inte'nildonal C~fMont on (((Ion<>m6c. ~ and c:.!tu...1 ri&:hts
-' The internation"r c_nioetlt Ofl the ctvll"nd p<>Iitlcs.! rlght$

'" The B,n of Rich.s was jncorpoora~for the n~1 mn.. 1n Non:he,n Rhod-si- Sfllf-
,cvernmc:nt c:onstitution of 1963. It wu n>pI'O~ ""ith minor IImendmenh irl the
196<0 muJt;'PiIrty Oemocnrk (indepe<ldl!flC~)COfIStitutfon.

- P.'f: ,,,
 .~ Th.
High In,JT><<; 10 ('VIe Education (From Gr:lC\e 10 to 12)

1972 Otot>a onmmilision f"f!C<'>m.........decllh.. intrcd"ctirr.'l of one pa;tyPI.tkip.atlny

- " "f'
de<n<JCJ"acywhkh eH..ct...:l in 1!173. This ehangt!'. i:m;n.d the «>iov"",,,t of ef the rigltts
and h"eedom$ of Indlvldu;>b,
" A
d
... The 1991 Mvl.lng.. Commin-lon ,..,.,;omme..ded thp re-introd... ~ion of multl-,arty
democrOll:Y with an lnclc.slotl ofchi~:l's 1'i8lttsfo<' ~f1r..t lime
"" A

,/ The 1996 M w a ~ Commission also A'~ '" f _ amendmtnts to the ] 991 0

e~itutiorl. tt>ough the bill of ftgtlts was,,~ char:~d.

,,,lb.,.... "•
" In 200S. the Mu.,g"...-..bI> c...... missOcwo iftClud.e<l soci4>l nd ec...-nic. rights .. its
, d
dr.dt: wnstitution-
",
•,
The current bill of rlglll;$ fonns p.art III of the 1996 ccorn.titt.<tion wMch covetS artlCII!S 11·32:.
The following are '.h.e fundamel1col t;gI,U and freeO<lms c~rod h ~ambia's Bill ol.ighU:
"
.I AJtldc 12:pnr.C'Ction of fi&ht to life: tNl; tlal!t Is d~d 'IS a sup<emt! to humal'l
term. .., it. forms the basl$ far othe' rlght::I.
.,f ArtkJr. p.oteetion of the right to personalllteny. this prote<:U thef.-doM of ltft
indJvidual ....c<rpts<'dl fr","m vk>lat<!$ th<r b-. for ex~_ o..e CJIO. bee ,,,>prisoned
utter breakirlc the law
./ /l.rticle 14: j)nIlfeC.1lon from :daveryand forced "'bour: slaveo)' and forct:.d labour
p~t :h.. liberty end f'ef'dom of the lndMd.oaI as" pel'!.o.r. tla:; !ltt!.,. s.ay o.Yl!r onc
~.

"' Article 15: Ilrol:«.tion from inh ........ n tr"'3ttnC:lt: this vrohlblt~ all fOrms of tmure and
InhUM..n ocdegradlna pur>lshnwYlt .uefo as ... ~ punishment
" Ar1k&e 16: potect..... f ..... Ocp1Wation of p ~ . thO$ ",QI:~ the ltdl.... fuallron.
m
'*'t: deprived of ttoe;, pt'OPl!rty C>fCCPt ~ p.-...ittecl b" law SIKh .;lIS f 3ilu", to
,...,~

.,; Artide' 1.7: prfftl!:Ct>on for privacy of hr:wne and oltmr property: tI'l<s protects tf>.f: ...... at;,
of the indiYldlla.!'S borne .nd otfl« ;:rro>eortY
,/ Artic~ 18: proItalon of secure prol;EC:ti<)n r;f law: itgivcs protectiorl of law hr any
p."scn charged with a criminal offence
"' Article j 9: p10tcction ot freedom of consdll'\('~_ thi, R,,'or.l1 te-"" freooom of ':!1nught Il"<!
lO!'edom of ,erl/liolo
" Article 20: proteo:fioo, of freedom of expnrssion: th'" &i~ indimuals frer<lolT' to hold
opinkXls,. recerofe ide..... nd Inforrnatlon.lm~rt.. nd r:ommuni:ate idf:,;u ."KlI.,fUfIl~·<on
0,/ Ivticloe 11: pool ~ of doe freedom of As>embly and A$iiO .i.:Itio.. .. """""V dti"" ha~ 'he
"aht to ilUe.oble fN,ely and &SSOCior:t' with (it.lfll"S. form or be:ong:o any ;><>Iilical pa.,ty
M:! trade un;lIn.

-
 High marks in Civic Education (From Grade 10 to 12
i'--~====~==:;'=::4-.,-
./ A."'li:le 22: .,rotectio<>; ·f!'eedomoflllO.ef'le"t this eua~~ I to moYe
frrety, ~.livc cwreturn to 2arr.bia at il.nytime
./' Attld~ 23: pn:Il:ectior'l
from di:s«mliflilt!on: it provlds fw p.uteet:on ~
di$lc"riminatiott on fP'OUnds of race. etftrlicr.y. ptace of orieln, cobu ilI'It Cfted
,/ Attldf: 24: prot«tian of youn£ persons fl't)m ~tat!c:n: thiS prohibits ycu~ pe~
to let In any occupation which would inU!rfen! with their heaittl and l!CIuc;atlon.lhls

• c;ould IIlC!vde any ac:don that .nay ha..e physical, mental and lTlOl'al ne(lllttve effects
." Article 25: Derogation from fundament:e.1 riihts ilf'ld det~tion: thIs provides for
Fts .., its de';)I:atlon QC" limitations on fund_ntal riahts ill times ofww ....li public: tme'III.OCY
,/ Art:'de 26: pn:wisloo\ ":~ to restrietlol'l. and detention:ttlis ~ d~ wlttl t~e
provlsion relatine to h ~ af restricted and detait.ed peopL! ~ penons. for
l!'l<atnpie. cne Ms tM rVhttobe lufo"lted.1n writi.~ In .. quille ~zhe Of dw
-32_ urode. stands wlthirl 14 da,s of detention
./ ltefe.~ qfcefbln lliMbi:,$ to spec~ tr1bunat: hc:re."leillbers of p:arli3ment ca,
/"" .ul'ed (stop) .. bill wtudl &,loilees.on the 1>11 of right. It also 1l"W:~. prOllislon 10- die
F appolntnMent of", special tribunal of two iuclaes b'f tn2 dllcf iustiw.. The !de of the
tribuna' k to report Ol'l .a bill or statuterv lnstl'\Imems which may not be consllte ~t
with the wnstitutiorl
./ Article '.8: enforcement of protective pt'OvIsIoll$: it 1'125 a pl"OYl$lan fOl"the
cn~t of the rights ;lrovIde<Iln tl\e bill of rights
" Artide 29-31: spedall'OW'lni oftfle repubHcan p,.t'Sldent~ iheIe: Inducb; d~ion of
war end dedir.Itio:'l ofdM! SQte d potlllce.tletleTICY

" R.ir.htUl llfe,Tbe rithtto Itftlls:lot absl:lhlte In brnbla bec::ause the de21h ~aq sUII
er $ts In the comItl'tutlon of Zambl:a.
" Sod'af ~ Economk Rl;hts:the social anCS economlc:1gtltJ such~ rigtrtto
foo:ld,edl.JCati<m,she1ter .nd tlmpk:ymetlt art not luarantMd.
" l.dc of protection aealnst Tcttw'e: tll~ bll of riIhls fcf the dutl pnxess of law but
apparentty does nDt pt'Qtect per.;DII$ Ilphnt torture. Aaordln2: UI the CcnveirtlCfI
ac.lfl$tTcrtu~ (CAT) wtllch zambia IsJit part to. a:J tcrtut'tll'l must undet$lJlte
otlfptlon must be prosKutI:'I:l CC' eldndlted.
" LanauaD!: t:N! bill of Illahts Il: writte'n In:ll hlehJr tecfl;'iic:aI bnl~e whkft Is...erjf
difficult for an ordinary pet'$OI'l to understar.d. Thef'e Is need: ftK • pI'OWisIon 01
SUIdelhes. on the lntel'pl'etationcf l'rftIrmatlon CUltHled 11'1 the 1'rUdes..
" t..adi: of~ d l~ II:.stn.I/neIlt$: _Ifz.amblli hu rat:lfbf tr.e
M II/Or m.':J\ln'len"ts 01 Muman Rights, not d In!I!.matkxlaf twm= treaties r._ tetln
 "7
fligh mark!> ll: CiVIC Education
_ , •
(From
• y= ....."'X' -.
Gr-ad!' 10,.toto 12)
·mm__ = __
60meStlcated in the d~ti<: IE!iaI s\"'!tems of l.arT>bia. helll:e. the-, cannot be tt~ ..rce
byti)e courts. ••
~ All c~lnvotvit>ccotr.rm.!.,btiDndisputt5-.hou1d be~" tothf hlt.h
court. Tllecdon~. a per5C1' who Is ~wed due to d:e vioiatfon of his Of' her
fundarnent31 ri~ • can petl1:kJn the high court tor redr=. The hiC:, l;ourt is vestl d
with jurisdictions'to issue writs {Written orders} or: ~odged rla,ms ~od 10 give di'~(tion
iD~ it con'illers appR)j:lr'o3te In sewring the t<:fc,n;emeot of an~ of the provisions (<{ functl
articles U·26.

" 1lle Jlldieial ~ 11.... order51of the rules of !be Supreme Court: Is ancth.,.
paplllaI'ly lIsed rnech3"ism. This l"l1eChar;ism!1 applicable ""hen "the Judiciary chedcs on
wt>eltcerthe Ieglslat:Jre and the tllel:IrtNe llre exerosir:g their powers In ilCtordan.:e
wl1h t~e c"nstitution. Under this mechanism, there a,re app!il;ilot>ol"lS for habeas c~rpus
orwrft of certiorari
"
7.
" 1be 1attst mec:ha.usm lntr'oO\oced in artide US of the cc:nstitutior. is the ~e O'f tl~
HtJmiIn R:l1Jtts Commis51on (HRC)..midl xtsas a ....;r.cl:cvg tottle<XX/.rts III enforcing
Iluman Itllhts. T1'le co:nmnsion 1$ mandated to monitor "'lclations of humiln rights
through InO'e5l:isations and pubrK: hearlnl:s. It also Ne(.ommends and tacmt;;l!es
rnedOilltJon "nd conclli:1t;on in enforc;;na hUm4K\ right!;,

,/ The 0fIke oftt'f' Invl!5tlgator G~raL the lnv~ef Gf'ne"ill is ~ile ehail'p1!<SOf'l of
the com:niss!on for ~ns.. Any f'f'lSOIIls free ~o w:1:..e to t.'>e In\reSlpo'
Ke~ to lodge complaints;~hUm.ln rights ""elations. Th~ c.cmn,Bsk:n fltrr,es

.-ut Investi,atlons on ~e·.s cDm?la:nU ilbout cOfIuplio<1. otfle< c~es of ~<!I and
"lolatiUlI$ of h,lman rights ~n the <;lvll .s;etvlce. ihe'ellfte>. the in"eo~tlgetorgcmen,l ,.
gives act"jee to eitMr ~ PoIia or coum. ta tal:e actf=

,/ The med:a. cM! soc.Iety. par!iamer:-.. Law A$~odatlonofZLlT.b(" {tAl} lWI<I tJ'lI.te l,.,ions
we also kTvoM!d in monrcD..tu8 Mu....- ltl&hts wiobtlDII.5. 1hcy .5Uj:lplf'ment It'e "otlc of
the .lc:dldarv.

IMtft!.ltlfll!S prpmotin, Human Rj,bu In bm..bi.i! ••

TMt-e lII"t seve~1 r:~m institution and non-gcY'e:-:-mf'll! Ot'CiIIIIi5atfOr:s that p::'Ot'nQte
Hum"" Rlgtlts.
ox: • 7.

Prel':1I
- . High marks in Civic' F.ducation (From Grade 10 to 12J
="
- '-. rtuman Rlihts Commission (HRC}
'--=

IT It was establi~hftCl by a... Act of ParllamentN(). 39 of 1996 !Iut came Into fol'~(' in
Ma1,l991.
U. The am ...-as le review zambia's I'iihtS re.:ord to promote humanRfthts C Jlb.In!
in the 5eC0Pd npublic
m. It 1$ an 3UtonomOCS body wh.id> is not subject to di.ection nr contmlof any
pl!'I'SOI'l at al.l1:tlorlty when dtsc:harginl Its dl.'ties
""" Fundions of the CommiSSion

" lnvestiaate HI.If'RiWl Rights violations

" In...~tie~ atly mal:Jdmirlktntkln of justiee

.~ " ;>ropoo.;e effect:lwoe measures to prl!Yeflt hum.m rights ~
Visit prtsons or pbces of detention
• "
F"' " Establish a cont,nucus IImEramme of research, ed'ICOItfon, infoll'l\atJon and
rehabilitation
,. The Judiciary
L The jlldk:bl s..-ncm consist$ of the $upt'etne COUrt, High Court. ~ Industrial
Relations COurt. sulJol"dlnate: courts,loQI court and any ether COU!U.
fL The;e courts PiOiltOte In.mIan Rights. The ju,~ees et tfIe OO\.!tt are in~rrcent.
impartilll3."<t1 subject onty to the constl:lJl:Ion and the law
3. "'nti-ComJptlon COnlmlS"sklr. (Ace)
I. Is an Autonmnous government instltutlon whic;h help str'e",,,tfletl hun'l3<t richu

• dlrOllgh its filMs against ton'Upt:Io<l

4. The zambia Polke Senrite (ZPS)
l This is a gow.m:nent Instltutlon dmged wit1'l the respor;slbilityofmalntil"'rinB
law and order
5. Carltils zambia
I. Is a Faith Based Organisatlcn (FBO) InspIred by eo~pel valt:~ aOld the social
t:eac:hina of the e.tholic: church
~
U. This orcani1ation _ fonnerty al1.ed catholio: commi'lOsiQn hI' !ustk:e. Pea:e
of 3fld OeYebpment{CCJPD)
lii. It pn>rnotes e<onomlt jurtl,e.lnte&.ral human development,. h"man elllnlt'j· iIIn.:l
e.mpowennent of the 1l:lSS pri\tllegcd In society.
6. Justice torWldows and Orphans project.
i. The rn;)/n objective Is to fight apintt V:l(jcu~ forms of ;",justM;es which ha~
affected the! pllltlt of the .... Idows.nd OI'pImllS
fI. It¥so promotes attd p,:lt:ec:ts tbe t1&hU of orphOXls omd ....idaws
7. law AssocIation of zambia (lAZI
 ~,

High mark.!!n Civic Education (From

____"'";·O_"'_;·Oa;;;.;.;;.;;_;;.;;;;.;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;,,.· Grade 10 to 12)
.;.;"'~_"'.;;;;;;,;;;~,;;.;;; ..__._
L This is <l bodyoflaw~ which lsmamlillted '~j)I'(lm(,\tehuman rights by
The.'>""
deVl!foplnll Law ~ an ,n:rtnJmentfot-social justice.
11. Its objective is to encout3fj:e lawyers to offerlegal aid ant:i t!;, secure
repnsent;rtlo;n especlallyfor the dl:S3ldvantajted. merrrbers 04 the sodt:ty.
m. It ;){so promote! humatl riRhts by at.lvocatin!: law reforms
8. l.egal Rewurce$ Foor.d3UOn (LRF)
i. Is.a.n NGO that promote!; human. R:gt>ts by p~iding legal adllice and m:lga':Ion
fO!' the most vul"eratJ./e In $ooety
9. Nationall..egal Akl Olnic for Women
I. This prowides affordable legal aid to the vulr-.E!r.lble t:1€mbe"'l of the$OC!et"
especlallywomcn al'ldchildren
10. SOciety forWomen Apinst: Alds in bmbla
l. This was formed to pnY..ecttfH! rights of W01nen and (hi!dreJl IlIIing Wf!h HIV
zndAIDS. I
11. YuungVJomen'$ Christian As$.O(llltlon (YWCA)
I. Thf$1$ afaltta bllSed orsanlzatfo<l d<..-dil::ned to pfOlnote al'ld ;)(fvocat.e the rights
of dl,:dren 3l\d women.
"
ij. It al$o improves the standa..us of living for women and chi!dre<1
12.lamblaCMc Ed'Jcatiol'l Assoc:ialioll {ZaAl •
1. It is an NGO which promote human rlgt):t:;,l!'$pecDJly Cbild.rerl'S right$.
•
,

The African charter has an e:rtabll$hed system for the P(otectloo and prom~n of human
rigtots.ltalso saf",guard$ the rights of lndl'lidllal or pcop!es orgmups I>\.lch,~ rnlnorities,
't:,;Ni'
refugees, hi!!ntllcapped, orphan:! and those: ..ffrcte:d byme HIV""oo AIDS. Ttle Afrkandlartoer:

../ Proclaims both, rights and dutles

..,.
1UG>

'" codffles and emphM.ttes lndlllldua.ls <U1d people's orgroup's rights di'"
'" guatantees civ:1 .....d political rights, a:; well OilS economic, socl;!'! and wttural rl,gnts ~
../ permitl; the st/lte parties to Impose restrfctions ''''
In the A:frican Chllrt:er, rifiht-i lI,"'e dMded Into IndMdulU and people's rignt;
"'"
.~

TIle Indlvldl.lallUghts

../ equality
../ right to legal defence
../ freedom wbelief 811:d religion
p
-/ right to property
../ right 10 ...,0liI

Prepared by M~. M.Machlla [B.A ED] and Mr. SikaQnga -

 w," '-

Pcopks Rilhts

These ale rIght enjOY1!'d ~~, pup

"r ~ det.~ ",in;tllan

"r e«N~ 3....1<01 and wltunoI • • eIop<uent

"r nati"". Mtd inte"..l:k>nJ pe.;l~ an!i s.ec.urity
"r ..se.., an~ ftfloIth _lo OOIN111lOd

.,/ apart from rij:ltts th.. AfliclIn clwIrter ol.lttlne$ duU.,s. of rnd,vlcf.....lJ pr gro",P" to, •• rds.
family and wo;lety
"r the cl'oane ensW" that thIl!! rl&htand f ~ of IfrdCvldual$ ".( being ~Ed
Afl'bfl ndlUral walues Me ~ ilnd 5be.ctIwned

... 5tato! p.an.Jes ..... OOnKed to:

..I ".we
Adopt lo!slslatl\'''' _n,' otheI' ",.. for their eff"rtNe"~
., SlIbmk ~~ ,epo..tsonleJl~'Jf>d~rmeilSUrfl
.... Unclen,~ h\ln~ ~ tnIIltlt"".-net a...~rene5$ ~
"r ~"~eoderK.eofu..J~ry
"r EJtlIbfi$h "'tIonIol fn:nlnrtions to pf'Olilote.na: Pi ,'en h .......... r.hts
'-.e e cle':! ilnkles fTom the unilter$M ded;t. wti<w> f7f hwr.;an ri:nbt$ ;,od Mrk.., .....llrtor or.
r

Hllfn.an "100 po:gple'J fti&:hts

s ."'., ;.
P'~I>a!' d hy M'<\
• _ .• _~T,-. __ .• _
~

M. Mao:hll;o {RA EO) and ~~. "1bol'f,o'

_ ""' .......... ~ ...•_--..,--- ~"

--
 ,

!i~. ~¥l~~ i!l t:j.vic. ~,!u.cal ;011 rF~~ ,..£?"adc:.1 O.~ !~).
. ,
__
-----~
~ ,11" ,,," "!_'
_ 1~~~~~p.-d~Nco""';';';"st
",;;.,I·H' ~_ac:;.!.{p«~!..~~,ni__
1AI1ide 12: each pe•.." has the ri&ht b> ~
-
AnIde 15;"':" .onc _ tfw rictrt to II'a\Ie:I 1
IfedY Inl;lde or 0l.ItIlde his er '"'" COUf.uy as
I km, M !'le or • tafklw5 the taws. Ano,

'.
I JMlrlOn n..-y cet: ... wfl.Il uy(lIfT> in ~,.

Article 14, .....-,.0..... has

"-- ... ~-
u.., rl$ht \0 SO to --tl~:iir~~~~~-tl;~t~
.,.,tt., coutoU'y -':lre ~ ftoe",1y b'I~ ~ ~ Ilk or her «)l.lI',try "
1or'Ii. he or she foltowJ: the ~ All.,
I P-f- may IJelIawfuI ,""",m in other
1..-._ _ . _ _ _
I At.de 17, 0 •• ' fOlle~ theri;lIht-
u
to OWI'I
II(o. . ~!!:!.!...~or5helspe'~"d- ._--.-
Anide 14, eKh F I :M>l, r- the rl&M t!)--.
Wh

"oill t,aoIdFO '"' pr~.~""""'ltb"'>Sltho:'"

_. ~ __. . .~;:;:e:::::.:;;o~the.~~.
1:":~":-d="~_:~~:';"':O~";M:;::'"
'n .......&. el'lCl1OJofn ~i~l_
the . .1It totltbo"p.n
I l1".tJpoopl.
AttfdoI 1'I_1:herilht to ft'M!:!1
aI'ld __ rnb!. fnoftrr.,.1onS as tt>ey Go) noli
bnNok tt.. ..... -'
AMIde n:';;:";;;&;,t;;iherlsf,tlQ ,w"i fOr'
• 'air waee In a qfe envirOl'\ment .~4 ~o join
;I ~.......,
J
IArdde is:e..chPi':';;; h~-lhe rIIht I~ w..11c
under ~lOd QCIonCIldons i'rld to equ;11 pay
eq_l WQf1c
";If'
Ar1Jde 26: £\le.: 0 ;, m;r,,;-...ht"\;jJ;"io-- 1Artks.-i7:"HCt. pe;;o.;·~·lhe iCl~t it>:--
idooof a1 1I)' ...... C\lI~Ilre.n.esrMe"""·:t>e
~to ~iWId promou~kand
,
~ ....v-s racocnlftd try ttM!.
~ ..,..,."'I.-.--_._-_. -_.
~ 2&: eech..-- "- the ~to
r~! ~noma~w1!O~~f!.....,

.-.
.,. The word f.mAy lnl"lIrnI cllHerendy bydff'(~rentpeople.
.
-
~ A fMnlty Is. VOlJP ut people ,~~ by.l?tood or <mI'n.ce. It Is. srn.Me." unlt In.

~ ~~l!,,~qlparsguconslstlnsotal'mln,wIflI!.UKI"'caseof~wy
• h

....., . {~.ancltM." d.nl'o"en..

., ,
, '
, ..
 High m~ld:s ~n Civic Equcation (From Grade 10 to 1 ~L _
" -
.:- Extlilntk-d·famJly: CQl'l6ists of flotonly ~ m.a:n, hl< wife 0<" ..... 1_5 unci ~r ",hiEd,,.,,,, b ..,
also el'and~~llls.e::>lI$im., unties, ot'lcilM:, niL>(:M, nephe\lr.l, !I'llaws. ana ;iJ"3"lkh/ld~"•
.;. S1ng1l!4ll!aded faIr-itv: consis.t;; of a sm~ pA,,~ttt :end c!'lUdren. For eKi1ffiple, 3 .......n "",<I
hb ('hll~ren or./l woman anti her children. mdr~ ..,....\tinll fl ..... <l cilvoo-o;e 0" .~".th of
one spo~. <)I-whom .. man ,~.._ re"Pun~rblllt'j ..It.., In>p'"'8''at:l,,s,, w<Ju,,'" or io .....
"ll.eement to Iuo_.,
child and laise him or h", as n 51<'1&1 .. J);;lr'ent
.:. Chlid-headec f'olI1111y. ~"fumily head<.'tI by 10 c"'!ld resultlngfro.T\ death of b<1)l
parents, leavhlll'l,;hlldren to biing thcrnselves up,.

,/ Th;" l!' aleg..l union of a m,m and worn........ "" husband "(1(1 wHe. Thus, It ~ a c.""t,ac1
tllat creates s"'Cl/l1 ~7ltUS ~ ~b3nd :l.nc w1f,~. Th,s co..... ...-~:t Is ba$Od on ,"l~-"b.
obllgutlor>s. C:lI>Uc!tk:.s and J.'C'apac1fiu.;.
l RI~ts; .. re errtltlcments a wife or h"",l..u>ci ""i<>'P 1n H". ,n.~rri"'8"'. h'tr".iitlc"",t
:Let up. " """,band "ss \:he right to be looked "fte<o for while" wife has till' light tc
b<l provld""'d for by the hw-.ll8nd. How'l"er,;1 clX1ple <'lln nwlt.. dte.lr ow~· dgl:lts
11. Oi:llllf3l,iom; il!'e duties that a wtfll Qr hllSb~nd pI.lrfo,m In the un;,»> ,,,ac ~ ..s; ea::h
Sf'OU$e h:~ tlMl dotl' totab! care af and protect' the otl-.,. 'pouse
lil. Cotpaclties; ....e a bl!1tle5 or c"pabnitie:\ _Ieh " "po<'5e hrl"l~ to the "<>I.,,, .
A. wIfe

... lv.
brings tne "bllityto <:or>celve "nd t)eu ch.itcll'en forth" un"'.... while the " ~..b:.>nd,
the ability le ~ro.;ride the I'nOlte<1..1needs (Clr the family .
In::apac/tles; lh,;! lno::bility ~ In<,.,,,pabiltty t" ..t "'0""''' ",,,00.1$,, !>,inIP tu the ~ ni,..,. for
~emple. Un(!d'->C8~ ane:! ".\SItilh,d w""us" may be ",nabll' to ne!!"'" In ~",m l:l
Ih<ingorprovide
.... H""""'ver, the rl:l.tl'lts ",,'d obl/slltlo= "', ...."'..-Wile d.o no~ ri"I><,n<J <:In the U:UJ~ ~ "I",,*,
but d<:optnd on the lawut!he ~,_~ {(;a~..ry. st;;otuw!y gr~igio", ,... ~ -.Iatle}.
,/ In the event aI d .....lh of ."'CI "PO"""'. tf>e type of ''''on1''K'' .. n~..,,",J·(nto ..,.i11 dict"'te
tlowthe 5U1'\oOiulng spouse will [n"e>'lt the proplMty e>f th... der.e.l!i(l<l (tlc"d)

Elern=ts of Family Ulw

.,. Mo.n1age
,,' Di\for'Ol'!
v' Pmpeftywttiemen1 '",nannm
.,. Malntenanc.e of spouse and chndmn w1thl.. ;mu :aftOl' maniac"
,/ C\ntcdy cd chiicl,,,n "fu.-~ ~is~oluUon of m..m,,~
,/ AcIop'".Jon of children
,/ l"gitJm;,cyofchildrell
,/ StJ(~ion

,.,
••
•

-
High marks in Civic Educati0!1 (Fl'Om Grade 10 to 12)
--
.j' 1nbe11ra.- of pi ope. t'f
~ Isw'-'th,,-...weddw..;lfpetfgrmed ft>IIowJrcbe ..lddowrl
L Ye the tnldition.l ritual of manianE p;tymMt. wrnmQnly c$l~
~.. ~
.t' -'Se: a'pe'SQI'I ilttend11ll to ma,:v
'" Ihouki be 2lfl'lyeM'S of ~.If a:>T party If belCllff 21 ye;;", but ~ 'tb_f1U;~.be
or Soh.. n~. Iola... of~_"'" -""h Is • • ,It1w" pen:t0b5"->.nd b'n *"8 CIltbe
p"tl!Ints CWlllx6irfty,.1 ~ud1. ~ of the parties p..lbllelf decllJrins:thlll: he gr she h~t

;lsreoed to wed doe thatthev are stlWldinC ne:<t to by $:ll'l'Mg tills -.loud and
PCIlWon
n ...... t>oo~.1 the names of tt>e person.. HEfoe, vows
... VICdm su~ unit cA the po<lIb

T'YRt& gf Man1zgJ::; 10 zambia

1. SI:atuUlry~:
.t' M$o refen'fld 1IO as cMJ n_olu~olllt'ltalyu,,1onof one wife and one
hulbandfOO"llfe ...d exdudl"i! 311 othQI'S)
,/ it h • .-.-,0 00£ marria:ge (or;e husWJet aM:I wffe at a"tlme)
./ .sblbltoo'y l;)ge ....._ b e Cllo<W'IP:rtil!o:l to. a.ostotna<y ~ (fb
likPO
./' ftw _ fl> ..."", fhe ~ '""trlcrIc. 0"'" h<» hi' rol<e fflE JDIir;>wIt>g 1nl'
(lCt/(JUItt:
11'. TllkeOllt. toOtite lA rnDfIi ....' this '" a nootke of tbe lntentkon to
m;wry made on. ~e.:I form to the !b::gUl:I_ of t ~ at ttoo,
local wund1 offlc-. ThE notia! . . . be poblIshed OIftS'" ttte
RC!f1s:b:a..... O'fficc fern d.-,ys. E""'l"/ c1lrtrtctco<mell h.~ .. ~triI, of
maI"l'l.lot:e.At M!a$tOl'ie thol p ....u.. L;tendlng to rm..ry lIhol.1d be
.-IdeJ'lt wl!:t>ln the district rqlst~ Ul'ld<!r far at w.~ 15<ta<rS
brien the ...... l'1'taI:e~. Afblr 2] <bys,. the -""'&e WCl be
"""'nb:ed 19:~ bylll pastor Of Ihnsecl prloftstor matttllftc'
k1l:Istr.r. The ~ to thu buftdl"ll to wt.Idl m.anf''S' 1$ <;Nb""c)d
shOlll6 be opeowd.lftho Ht ........ h:i:.. tot.alw ~ "ls......he>-e 1.0 I"
the «)tIneit's offk::es;. a sped3llke- or. u",oselloe<lt hp to be
~ from the appoLltEd ~ e Rq,1IstrW. DvtIlll!:tM"",nod
of flCJlic~ .I'Y poIl'on can ttop tt-.. u.~ Jf thel'll Is a ~ ~on
no-: Ut m;wry bywrlng ForbIdden."d {,""nil retlSOn In It,e morrl>lg!
notlc:<': book. "This should be dent: bocl'o"" the Restm_, rss....... lhe:

i";;,;_;;;;"'db"';;;"';;";;-... ;;;;"'(Bii~:;:;EOm;l~""';;;.M;;'~. __
;;:M........ 0;;;,.;;;------------".",;;;-;;
..
-
 _ _~l!ieh mark;> in c;ivic. Educati~n (From Grade 10 t~ 1Z)

Marriag@ c.n:!fjcat~. tf .ther@are no probl~$, the marriaell! ~hould

be res)stered I'Jithln th~e mon~s of notice
lil. Marr~e payments: heTe__ no rn~ ~ymerb Me require. unleu
the il'lCf.'Yidu.! ccnut"neC wa!!t$ to observe tM- customary ritll~ of
paYlnents. The marriage Act oo(!S not stipulate any payment of any
kind. Mos~ lambra~s in~ndirlf to marry ObsefilrtS. This letter wilt be
filed together with a ,sworn affilia~ .. t the High Court. In lilnl~ia •
• onty the Hick court dea!s with 'n:;r,w-..ory nurriollt$.. An Affida-tit Is a
., \Written c\eda.ration or nOlternerrt tI'l3ta penon makes under JOlt"
""hleh .... jJJ,~ I.jSe4 as lepl prool or evidente.
I.... Relatlon$hlp: ttJe two fnlendlnt: to marry shouk! not be re!a" d
""marriage
c:.the. by '
or blood. Ttl!Sl! refationships Whl{h ;ue
p:ohl'bited by law tQ enter tnto ,~rri:l:ge an. known illS prohil:ited
Oecrees.
v. Solemnisatiotl of m.rill,e: th;, lire done by bal.'" par.ies in Ir,nt of
witnesses, followed by e)(chat\Elne 01 ring$ ant:! signing the Register.
This should be done with open doors !;etweenoa.1)(l noun ;jOrd. 18:
C'Cf'Iours,. There 5heuld x;jOt le;~t two witnesses to sl&n the Rea;istN
and c:eiitil>cate, tocettM!r with the otfldal performing the cerenony
~ nc:l couple.

vi. ~~nrri3ge certifl{ate: this Is evi.:!ence of marriage ;jOnd a copy c'l

If !Ch is kept by the Rl!gislraf ancI ilnother couple bv the cotJpIe. The

m.m;age Is r~tefed in the Molrriaf:e Re£tste1' kep: ~ W toUnciI

which C;:ln be 1rlspeaed by anyone upon payint a $eatch~.
2. CustClmIry Mamage
• Tni~ Is marriage co"lr;lctccl ul'lder customary p.ac:t;ct!'S.

• Here, iI union may Mt be IIOluntary as it Is in a civil marnai;e becaU$e miy be

tompelled to marr,.. person chosen by ~t.ive!.
• Th~ m3rr:a&e may not be union of Q~ man or wi'le because in many ethnit t:rouil~ in
Z...mbia such as TonJ!.a, Tumbuka and Namwanga may take two wiw,s.
• C:u~tQmary marrIage Is governed by customs and traditions.

• A c:ustOl'l\3q' millTiate Is l.lSually a PfOCl!SS with a series of ceremonies Ieadint; to

maniaa:e
• It can ai50 be regist.!'(ed at a la<al court (deals with customary Iawl
1ne loclil court: Registrar will regls:.('r and Issuo:l a marriage certific..te I;lS long as tlu,'r('
15 the wnmafl'S gUMdlill'l Ot P<lrent to witness the registration.
• If the couple ~S, they can then marry in d'lurch whith ~ r ~..s u......... the I.x:al
Courts Ad. and the maniage win stillbe trl!"3ted as a ~tomlI:y m..-riage•

Prep<lre<lhyMI~~,M
•
M:l<ni~, IAFI)I"ndMl.~lb"n.l:a
•
 • NOTE; l't Is. easy to divo.,ru m a CUstomary fo'\arriage than in il s.tatutory IIUrriage
, ,
• Thus, !to consk!er CU,itDmmy marrks~, ~ followlilfl hl11le to M umsJdejed;
Consent: thi~ is'~ parents or auardi<lns of the womal'llettlna tmlnied lPve
I.
permission for her to ",~ry .nd als9 when the penons cetdni mamed ~
. ,
"
H. "'''''''' 'p.l.jmenh there
Maniage l$' always paymerit <K reCOIl litIon of the ma.rrizge.
Thi$ an be a token sum 0:" a substotntial amount depcrn1inl on the ethrli:
croup, The bride.!room-pays to the bride-to-be,.ne! this p;rymem: makes legal
matliate. • ,
Spouses; ~ pa~ to the ma~re shoukl M male ane! fetNie. The felllale
shoukl be smgle, divon:ed Of widowed but the male",.,., ilre.ady hav-e Me cc
more wives, Both parties must nave r-eachE'd puberty and lhe man m'~t be
. ,
~Ie to pt'OYIcIe for the family.

......
'
, NOT£: The ta.... of Zilmbia stip.diltes that a girl below 16 year; whether she nas

P~berty or not is 1'101 eligible for marriag~

IV. RelatiOl'lship: the persons intending to get married should '01 be related 4Y
bloo:i or marTlage, altl\o1.lgh $Dme ethnic groups,cousins c.lln marry.

Othtr txw of marflage

A.. Re!i~1ous mamale

• Whlon a c.ouple manies in ehurdl, suclt a mamage is. U1llecd a relici,)us marriaCe,
• Under the ~. maniage soIemnixed in clturcl> sho.ud be follllwecl u.p /)y I~tiot: ilt
elthe!' the: Ovic. centre or council off~ under the marriage Act Of' at a loQl COl/.rt
under the I:ocaJ CoawtA£t.
• How~, some cltulches and elernmen have befsr &Wen rice~e o.rt'I<lct' the mariage
Art to perform cMlll'\illrias~.
• NOT£: couples inur-.dinc to m.rry should find out befure the ceremony vlhat ty:e of
1K:eme the penon performing the alelr ....,... has...
• If iI couple wants marri<!ge to be: i1~ murch, no:ice h given of the inpendine marriage
throuch marria(:e ~nns. M3I'nace banmi ..re ...nno JI'\(.('l'n4!'nU that are ~de in (hurch
of the Intention of the~, to ~any. Illt thi'!; tim.,. d1urch memters are me<! to
proilY ~ the couple. Howev~r, <;,l:Jurdl m~ .... ~ asked to Inform the prieS! in

.. , .-
 -
eonfldenu fOf the ~ouple not to marry. For eU:T:pk!,ln L'1C SOA cltUIl:t., 1nl;! nU!1c1l of
i<ltention:':O many Is for a ~od of ;It le"$! tour t:l she months.
• As such. if the couple want their nutriaS!! to be tes~red unde' \;Iw. thi!'Y should
malc.l! SU~ th~ aro m<lrried by th~ mani. .e Aa K:ensed pnest c:.f pastor Of Ih'!".
should register eithet> with the high court (civil marril\6el or Loc<I! court (CU$tofl'\illry
m<lrN&e).
In CilSI! "r civil motuia&e, a couple Qtlillso hilV!': another U!f(!rnony iIt the councl
offic:~

AnoU.er quallfication for the le&al re«lCl'lition Q!' a marriage perlormed in dtUIUl
under the law ls t~ conductllt between 08:00 holJ.rs and 18:00 hours with the d<:lOl1i of
the c;hurch buildl"E open.
A. cop1/ofthe mar"'..,.e certifICate mould be sent to the re:gist:raJ" of Marrlal;es of the
dis1rict t!) be recorded in the ~rTiage R.esister.
NOTE: tf any of the 0IItl1ned c:.onaitions:are llOt mct, then a m.rriaae ~OI bf'
recognizee! und~ ti'e law.
Co-habitatiol'l
labriy in Zambia, es;:N!Ci.l1ty In urban areas with mixed ethnic gToups,;it M"N tvlle of
marri::ge I-.as emeraed. This k the marriage ~ the partJes c.ancemed dec:ide to live
toeethe'" on th~ir own without consent by their pnents tx £u;li"dlans and withcwt
following any of tnl! rituak performed either in" customary or dvil marrl;qt-. Jllter
""me time, society accepts and reo;ognizes the co~ple illS husbillnd illttd wife Dnd they
"".ayevetl have dUldren toeether ~nd pandd'Wdren. The 1Mfe may even ulf herself
MfS-•.howeve. on '"I. as the marriage is nat formalired either in tt-d! Ioal UlUI't or
the lUsh court,. the n ilrriillKe win not te recocl'lize.:l uneer the '-'v. and will bo ~~ed
to <r.l a VQic! mllrriate ;Uld the couple no mauar h"w .or.g they liv.e t03<!ther will lust be
colnblting.
e. Void and ~ Marriages

.. VoOd Marriac"

.,
~

A void m"rrlllge l~ one without a lezal st'mding right from ttle beu1rmlnll. It I~ ",,,id ilnd
null Any party to a ¥Ok! marriage may not be guitty of bipmy if he 01 ~e marrie!o

.. before dlllora.. th.. so-c:oa~ fiotwife er huSb:oornt because:he rN!rriae~ was lIot
right from the start. Bigamy is. a crime of ~nytng ,)nother persor. while sb1J 'et~l1y
married to son\eOI'IC" else. One may go il'lto void marriage becaU~I' mthl1' following
reasons: lack of pal'f'.ntal (Xmsent; nonl'ubll<lltlon of the banns ir. church. if the mall!~
under 21~ars old; If the female is \KIder 21 ~llrs and above 16 y~rs wi~l,Itthe
consent Qf her parents Of" guardtatn;: If ane piM'ty is illre~ I'f\iITried under the
marriace Act at the timt! of Wl\trilcting the -marriv; prohibited d«rees of lTarme p
~.". .... ""-,,,..,...~ N' '- • w - , ...., ~ """. • • ~'C~
Prl'p;rn,i 11)' MI~~_ M. Mac-hili! (R.II !:Ill ,md Mr Sik.-t'''.r.'l I' ll:<' ~l
 •
- "--
• ••••• •••• ••• ---.
.~.-...
••
'-Co " t. ,", ulU
..
v: dUt:: : U tU J 1..)

whkh are relationships ty blood in legal terms knO"Nn as CQrl:;;}rlglli:1itv or by m~rrjagf'

whkh by Jaw Is ClIl1c~ .If!inity.

• Thi1 is one that ~ niliallv valod, b'•• llater invalicbted by the touI'tof law because of the
followins: reason~ if ~ child bom Is not the husb<!nd"s child; if t~e Spouse !las
contracted ill $t'Xually tr;lnsmitted infection Irom elsewhere not fr:,"' thf' SPOUSl~; if rh!'
marriage;s not oon~ummateddue to impotence. Consummiltion In marriage fTmans
m;,kin, marriage valid by haYing sexual intlltrCQurse. Consummation il; applir.4\bI>! to
both civil and (uslamary marriage$; Wiliful refusaJ. to consummata the ~;agt· by
0lIn,' ~rties; menbl di$OrOe<' of any of the parties.
a NOTt: rIOt beins: abl!, to conceive Of tofnhel" iI child is not a <ease." under the li'W to
nu/frfy the marr;ar.l' Howevei", jf one of the partiES dies before rtll! maorrla;t' is
nullified, ~n the marrlJlge is valid untl~ the law ~M atllntents and purposes,

DIVOR(E

UOO"" dH= law, ~rriOlge QnlWt be considered fQr divorc:e I,Inbl the tCurt I'Iandling W
Gt5e Is ytr;fied th.3t a marriage had actually exl$ted. Divorce in Customary mamag'!'

,
Acconling to the matrimoni;sl causes Act of 1973. divorce under a customary law wi6 take
plate Ol\ it custom tNo: wuple: was married u..,der. Some of the ~"Its may have:o be
retumecl to the lwsban.:l's ""mUy. It is elCpeCted under the (Ilstom,uy law that it is t>~
mar. who divon;es the wife .. nd not vi<;e~. A customaty law, di"OO'O! can be dor.e by
the two families meeting tocether and makinK the decis~ QI' e;th~r party taln SUI" the
spoust' for divorc:e In me local court. Causes c>cceptabJe. as srounds fOI' dillorc;e in a
custornary m:Jrrlage:

• Adultery of the ,,,If@o{whichdoesnotneed to b.~ proved)

·
•
~
Laz;ness on the pan of the wife
• Sad n!lations with the in-laws
• Infertility
• LaCk of moointenance bv the man
• Desertion

Divorce under SQtyto(Y..marnage .,

 H!gh marks in Civic Educatio~, (From Grade IQ to 1~, AI...........

The matrlmonial causes Act of1973, there is only one g:oound for diYcrce, which is tttal the
nl¥ri;lg., hu bmUn down it I et. ic,...... bty. ThG meilllt5 tnll the l"NIrrta&;e e-anat be saved or
,,~rne<i- Tbk can ~ out of the folloWIng reasOll$:

• Adultery whk:h should be proved with the thinJ pefliQl'l known and n _

01 the • One or botft of the nworried pet50J'15 COtId:ld theII\sehas in lml'e85onllble ~ .

c:nIetty OIl vIolenc:e: ttm: ,makes It lmpo$$lbIe: for the othu ~ to Ilve S3fe1y
I if the .. Ifone plII'tne!'diUerts 3n(11therfot'lI perioci of two years, then there Issuffitiert
gl"ound for dlvorte. SeP'll'lItlon with consent of the couple for 1;\... 0 yeijl;fli

-
.. LMna: iIpart for a continuous period of five vellrs
NOn: • petition for dfvorce can only be filed In the hen court alter one ye.. of mlIn1.e,
8efDre, <>roe Yt!lIr,ltwlll noIlIe .. diV'orce but an annulment. The lawye!'S handlil'll the can
.'0 :should lIerify wtw!ther theyuled to re«Joc:lIe the couple during the period of sepllr.ltion. If
the court Is satisfied that the ~ is broken down ~trteYilbly.1twill malte a tempcrllrv
order {Deael! nlsolwhkh is .. ten'IpOnIry cIhon:e QbtlAwtt: and ~rsb: _ 5,. Decree l

~ (pftmanent dtvon:e Cb tifk;.u) is VA"zd provkSed the cDUn: Is Rtisfied.

• ,
Property settiement (sharing)

AftI!r .. dlworce b II ~ m ~ the usuallV gets some form of compensat;on

wornM

to allow her to S't:lIn IIh!: afresh ~pt In cases wh_ stwe Its corn, "itted aCSuttery. HoweYer,
these days it is re<:Ollnlled that wf\oel,Ier is at filult com~ the o~r, therefore.

,
.
..k.
wll~r has more money w!ll pay compensaliort to ttle other. tn clvil mlln'lage, property Is
shared' by the c:ourt's dflputy Registrar. In a situation ~ one perscn worted and br<MIght
.... .., the Romic>gs,. the person who sDyed at tlorne and looked after the home and famIlr &et:s
a tturd 01 the tot3l .. e.:t, of the c::ol4k.lfboth worked and e:otmed ill Ii\lklc, thy wlD ~~e
thelrproperty half-hilitf orfifty-ftfty basis" SOmetImes In ill (:M1 rNIlTlage, a COl>ple IT'I''Yehcase
• ~
to ",,"n"y In the c:ommunlty of.f5PP"rtv wh/dl means that t:\fl!rythlnglhev CJWJlt:d and Ihlilr
debts, fnlm b~ theW rnarr\llp! Is pdI! ~r In a joint emrte. fwervthlna: they t:ilim or
buy aftef' ~ marrtaae Is ~ ~ gf this joint est8U:. ~ Is joint idmir>hb atb, of the
Itllngi the coup'e earns.

N1atob!!nance of spouse and c:hlldren

o...fns:~ under s ~ ~ .the sp""''Se n. ill duty to malntilln his or her pastner,
Aft2.r d/IIorc:.e, ... pcllQt: still has the responslblUty of tMirltIWng his orher spouse umll he: OIl
she dt!mands or becomes &end..l", Independent. Malnternr.1'ICe may be: p:lld periodically as
ae:.....,m<:nt upon by thu p;1Irties or It mDy bt: paid as. lump sum. The amount d..pcon<:h 00 the
iI>comot eurned lIl"Kl the fin;onc:ial S10Jtus of the piirtles .r.volvod.

, . Pa"" 81

. .,
~
"
_rt I~gh marks in Civic Education (From Grade IQ to 121 _ "'"'-
-
Um

tr.aniage has blOken doWI'I irretrieVably. This means that the

redeemed. This can attse out of the following rea$ons:
man1.
Th........ trlmonial causes Act of 1973. there Is only ()Ile gmund fo<-OM::IOl'. whOch is lhoot, the
cannot. besavej or
........
•
4 AdulU:ry which Ihould be proved with the thim pefSOn knOYm and name
One or both of the married \X!"ons «:Ind:.octtl>emte:1ves In unre.501lable behltvlor,
""
elair
C<'Uoelty or viok:~ that ,makes it ImpcllSll;lblc: for the other partJler to lNe safely Th.
• If one f*'Iner diuerts 31'tC/1:herfOl'a peo1oci dtl.¥O vean. then there is sutrode::rt
ground for divorce. ~ wlth consent of the couple for t\ltO ,eaTS
•

-
llvlng apart for Cl continuous period of five yealS

NOT£: iI. pctifiorl for dill'Ol'Cc can onlV be filed In the hlCh court after Ol'lC year of tn¥l"IlIe.
Bef~, oneyea.-, It will not be a dl\oorCe!Xlt an annulmrnt. The Iawyet's. handling the case
•
should -rifv """..tt... they tried tlCI ~oneillI! the couple durlng the period of ~t1on. If
the: court b s"ti$fIed that the mantase i$ broken down irreb1evably,lt will make a temPOfaty
onler (Deo;n:e nlsi'
which Is" ~mporary divorce <:ertlfleate and after slx weeks, il Decree
;absolutoe (pc~tdl~ ~rtlficate) Is l~ted provlclel:l the court Is 53tfsfled. Inh.

Property 5dtXl'!'leflt (s~~

,
After. dlvoree rn a customary mam.e the woman ~n'f gets some: form of compematlorl
to lJllow hlilrto start Ute ~~h except In cn$~ where:;he t.as cnmmittled adultery. Howe-lI~r,
thee d<oys It is I"el;osnl.red th. whoever is at fault competlsates the othel', therefore,
wtIoevoer has more moneyw!lt paycompeltYtion tome other. In cm1 m~. pl'"~_"",,,~.,,
~ try the court's deputy Ilegbotaa. In a slWatlon whete ot't per$Oi1 WOfftd and t>rol:ght
in all tt'If: ellrnlngs, the penon who stayed at home and lDoked afterthe home and family Sets
"mfrd of lhe total ~ h of the cauj.,Ie. If both wOl1ted and earnfld a IMng, thV wlU share •

-
their propc:l1.y half..f\4olf or flfty-ftfty basis. Sornettmes In 3 civil marriage. a alUPle may choose
to many'" the c"'""""'llnl'ty o(WJpe t1 whldl means that a b (thinS ~ OWTleQ and tI'lt"lr
debts, fn:>m befone t:heU"~ is JMI" t:oitcttlEr In 11 joint est3te. EverytNllI t.-.ey eaiTI or
•

buy ;,Iter their '"-rial:e is Mo part of this jeMt cstatl!. There Is joint adminhtratlon of ttte •
things the couple eams.

•
D-..orin& rnam..ge under stabItor'f QW, the spouse 11. 11 duty :0 malnt:aln hIS or her partner. ,
After divorce....~ ~;l r.as the ~llltyof maintaining his Ol" her $pousoe untH ~ or
she demands or be<:omes flnlIndaUy Independent. Maintell<lnte may be paid periodically as
. .,cement upon by the pao1:les or it m:ly be pald <IS a lump sum. Tha amount or;>pends on the
;nc:ome earned a."Id!./'le fin<Jnebl Stiltus of the p;orti6 ...·IOM!d.
 High nl.lrks In Civic Education 1F:olll Grade 10 t"lT1Z;
= ,"' • .....--

-...
Underth~ tustor:zry lJw. a spoure;~ duty-bound to malnuL, ~is O' h~r patblcrfOl' a
maxImum of three 'f'l!a<1 until he orsho Ilem..n'les. TI,,~ 1l111;nlenalKC p'Qvldeti for uTd.." local
Court Ao:t of 1991. The court can _am uny amoollt for eltt1et" perloc!lc or lump sum
......oten<onoe _ they Jee it fit. If either ~ not satlR>ed ".,;t!1 the a;neur.t lJW3tded. they c,,",
I~
~~l 'n the subonlinate (Masislr.itel court. 1~ ma;n~e of children is ;>f;Nided for in

~ MflLlAllON and MaIntenance Provl;iOl:'~ Act, CAP 64 of the ~ laws atZiml;),.a. Thh
Act ~r,nlts children born out of wedlock to be affiliated to their mall: parent Md thl~by.

10... ,Iaim maintenance.

Thefolklwina c. . da!m malnterlOlnce:

• • A d'lild; from i~ 3fflll<lted fame, or IegiU parents-
.. I1 guardian; for """mp1e. a grandpanmt 01'" an uncle ca... (talm :.,~jnteTIiilnceon behalf
of the child
.. A sincle WU<Tlilfl hem me affiliated fa'tI'lcr of her child
.. A SIlouse from his or ,".eo" partner whether divor(;l':ct 01'" not
•..., .. NOTE: anyone wish,.. to claim m.r,tenar:t-e Ciln OlPl'-l't'!a(fl the {lerk at the neilr~t
!lxal court or lawyer.

tnhen-.an<.e ef property

In bmb:.ot,I.."\e inheri-~ 01 property is prr:wkled for in the Tcst<!tJ; aIId I~ ~ceslorl

""-
•• ... Testal'e succession deals with the Inheritl.lncc mproperty 01 Cl d~ad per5O!l who left a
.,m. The will is .. decla,.,tlon normally in writing stating how .. person want.. N~ or h('r
• pmpertydittril" '''ic>n In tilt: even: of his or her::tea&.

- •
•
Test'ltor a~d Tl5t;:atrilo.: the pe~ who made ttle II/ill (m;:ale) ar.o T'!'5tatrix (female)
Dependent:: refers to the husband orwlfe, pilrents >md chl:~" ~r born In or
o:Jt of wedlod< al\d II/hetMr biolOCir:a1 or. ~osr.ed. Under the tirw when 1nheri1Jng.
these are tt:e only •......,; l'ecaded to be dependoots . ,
• An or..l ....m c..n ..!so be v;oHd it It 1$ mad~ In the: pr'l!scuc:e at t",," wmesses whi> a,r. not
beneficiaries tn the I5t3tJe. It Is made either by an lnj<Mc: pef'SOlt expecte1:l "::ltlO
wrvilH! or by a pI.'f'SOR in the aI ...ed forces .....o is about to die in a.mbat.

b. In~~ succrs>Ioo, G whl!n someone dies w<thoo.ot lMng a ...uP behind 01' somo!OfloC
• who has left a ""Ill btrt 15 nullified b", the (curt of law because of m::lYoo it W::l:5 nor

- •

-
"" . •
Jiigh marks in l:IV1C Education (From Grade 10 to 12)
_ •.• _

signed or not d~ in the pr~n(e of two witne~~s or other lilC!o:'s not conslde "e--;I
F· .
-
valid by the tOUrts.
• Property is defined as ill pe<son's items of clotl".ln&, articl~ et ~ l U5e sud>,,~
¥eh~, ~ hKnitu~. appliomces. ~ensib;, boal,.liVl!'st:)tk. ;sgricuitur.tJ
equipment,. boou and mon~.

• ~ of (hoe, ~t", goes to the suMlline spouse. ff no survingspol.l'!i. 20% will be

d'st,iblJted to the mlld.en ae<:ording to the proportIon nlages ar:d needs. It ther,! .. t'
nod\ildrei'l. 20% wO, hoe eN!!" to par~ to share 10% ~ch. and if t~ iI~:loO
pa,ents. thte 2OllO gon to depenclents In ~uill ~f!5... wt:ftliln the mentioM'd
relalives lire not alive, the" his or hel estate Wit! 80 to relativn sl.Kh as brotoon,
sisters. gr"ndpilrenl'5, cousins in eq...al shilres. When nQ(ll! of t;'e relalives me,tlc"'C'(l
do r~ nirt,. the esu~ cces clovernment. Y.ll",n iI man din In a polyJ:ilmoOlS i
n'l3lTiaJe, 2OllO W1ll be shared ilmong the survlvirc spouse depend,", on tlloe nUl" ~r ,.t
ye;;;:.... in marri"'lle
•
.. SO% cf the estate COI!!S to the cltlklren both In a,.,d outside ~lcck ac:oo.c!ln. to 1'J:<?
and:>el"ds of l"a::h (hRc!. If tt-.e an' no thilc!'l!ll. ~ 50" gce te the ~wvivi"l: spo<IV'
•
dependent and the pa~ents. t1 the.e 11~ no p•• ent~, the 50% Iloes tl) the spouse i.nd
de!H"ndents ~r~ equally.
~ 20'K0 g;::01!J ~
the parents 01' cuardians. ~re ~ a'e no j>II,enh, 20% wiI be ." 1'J'l
to dlildn'n and the spo=e equally.
.. 10% C""'" to:> depemlents in equal p'oponil)ns. I" th;s. CiII~, the depenlknf'l, 'lr"i!! ;hO':--l:
livina with the d~eased prior to his or ne: cleath, or livmg outside !.he h~· t>I.lt ,
dleprndent on the deceasO!d Where tho!~ are clependerm. l~ c:oes tD paren~, ,ond ,
thr'Tt' are no ~~t. ~ fs sha~d between the survlving spouse and dlildren equ~ty

rh" 1_ "'a!es that thet"e s.'lould a/w;l.ys ",n adult to lock after the childr"n.1f the <hiId."" ..."
yo;.onl.1:tW" I;aurt usually gives CUStody to the mother. if a mother does rn.>t m ....aat" pmv de
fer 1i'e dllldren. the father still has to maintain fer the mother and children,

Tnt: laws ef Zambia. under the Adoption of Children A<:t, chapter 136 ef 1948, !.he COI.lrt$ haw'
bee.1 &iv~ power to lrant an OrOl"l- to adults reqUt"Sting to ;odopt 11 child. llK' Act hols lrSIt"f)
cal.egorin or a:1optio:' ~ th~ fnducfe:- ,
.. A couple can Jofntly adopt an infant. Alllnfant 15 a ch!~d less than 7yll!lJfS old
"",-~",-" ~~ '=- ._.. _ . ."'~."'-"-'~'---'''----'-,

I', "$ ,.."'\ !'I' '1\:" M Mac1)il.. t IL' ~:l)1 ,IDd 11-I: Sik<1<~lg." 1','0(-'
 -
fJigh marks in Civic Education
- - (From Grade
-
10 to 12)

• The step mother 01'" father of the Infant a\s.o is 1!!1i61ble

• Bott! the ;malrt and the, person apply1na fOl'"adaptfon should 1M. in zambia

• Adoption 01 a ~ Inf_ by .. mooSe iilpplcimton his own u,,1ess then! ar-e 11lo(!CC'
reasom; fur dolr.g SQ.
• Adoption of ilO ;nnnt who al~ll;:ly has parentis) or guardIan or anybOdy proolfdlng
m .....tt:nana

lltus, Idoptloo. -PP" ~ tottle c~ dbowli• ...,d wtlen granted.. ~ "". . . .

Ibos _
should be re&~ten!d wfth the Registrar Cel\et31 who .ecQfds the detalls;n the AdollteC
Children's Re~r.

~ElQPMENTPlANNING

Plannlngis ... orz:anlz~ .. w:mpt to select the ~t ...ai\l:b\e al'te'rrnrtf\<es to 1ICh~:Jfl«"

;oal. ec:onomk, social ur politICal. Dl!'Velopmf:nt plannrnlll"l':fers to the ~libenlt.. dfurt
ml!''5tl1te armed at the adoievementofcertoJJn goals sud'l 0>5: I"illsinll the standard of "1I1ng
thouct> an incte~ Income retums; t>att- senob:s p-oren to the people sudl ilS M ~
hou$!ng.. f>uh:l'> ami d."o... and safe drink .... w8te'r;vw;l BOO roads; etImlnatiOn of dis"·~".
bet.un....-. and nuaI_n
purpose 01 p~inil

The main p<l1'pOse of development plilnnlng is to move tow....d'5 self-l'Uswlnmg grovrth ~

.as h:n>lr.llenougl1 trained >Tli:npowl!'t'. filIls.lnil; the pe<"c~tCl&'l at national i,lCOl'll!' and
lmpl'OVinog man~nt of niltuDI resou~Th~~ a good ~evdopment~nlnl
,,,,,l~ 1"1... ,,.. tiarI on:

./ current ec:onomk. oond/tK>n". especially nIIt1on;IllncOm£. prudutt:Y!tl,

forellJn tnlde.nd trend" In each ml.lJor t~dustry
.I" the current soda.l "Ih>l>tlon, epe<:l;olly popl.tiatlon c.....8"". educatkln.
he.t!h. housJ.... and ~ security
J an 1!"\"il:..atiQn of pn:>cFe5S khiP<oed undt!rthe p.-eceding pIiJn
.I" ~s\atlt">t'ntof~ob.!t'etfye$ of econornic and:iOCiill policy
.I" e5t1rn<rte of growth or ~f%eb fotr e.;ch ....jor economic Or J.CC;~ Cllmp('
dllrtn, ttIe period cOllered by the pllll1
.I" Me~ ..res desJCnecl to raise the rBtf'" o:JfeconOll'>lc: Irowtl't. FOI'"l!'Xampk'.1C
5tIm... ~ s.trvfnt; and l""""tmenr .... d to fncrea,... ;>roo""r"'itv
~) High marksJn Civic Education (From Grade 10 to 12)

NOTE... o:tevelopmeot plan normally focusei $eVe.al ~llrs .. hud. usuillly.

• three to sbI: years. A rood plan shOllId ~!\aYe ob}e<:tlves wtIkh are
Impouibl. tD Wlleve.

....."" ". fndividlallncl: an Individual has to make a bu:ige'l as ph•.,n!l1g. A budget Is a plan of
action for .. 5pedf"tc period of tlme lndlCiltinl enlrnated lneome and 6;Pf"ldlture on
the projea. For example, a fanner needs to Identify resources such as ~. '~erJ;.
hoes or a plough, "iOo"\CY to pay for Iabol,rr and market fOl' lhek pn:lducts.
". Communhy lwel: .. 'OllWTtUnlty may dec:lde to build. a school, Ihus, th~ !)awe to
identify resouf'QtS to be used to bui!d.:ochool., sIKh ""5 COtKrcte btodts,. cemltnt.
stDneS, ~ncI, asbestos ~ and liIbQur. Thus, a plan and budge! should be draWl" T
.-,--" , the project wmctl ~uld show the SOllree of funds_
No1ltlonal I_I: here, the government may ded.:ie to build ~ in the COUtltry, it has
to Cr.IIW it plan .mod .. ~ ~I!'zfter.advertise the pro)ect thtoU&h tender.

-..-
Individuals or ",,,,panies wtalctl would like. to tany Oln:the pro)ect will then respond
to the adwrti$emcmt.

" Inter~Ie\tti pbnn1nc: for example, the UN orpnlzation has ~ ~tiona

de-;dopmet,t tiIfpts known as mlUennlum De'telop.ment goals to be ~~d by
indlvl::llJal member slates by 2OlS.

.•.
.
,,~

nm 1$ an t5tfmate of ina>me and expenditure. tt Is th~ bil:tane:e between JO"'lI!'ITIm.mt Income

illld .... pe:no;liture..1tle SO"e'h'h.mt c~cl5e3 Its rights to rfl.be tne reve>'lue which It nfllds to

.... meet its C:DlTU'nitmvn~Mad proposal whkh are normalto( ~ In the ~

... Itdetennines the pwformanu of the e«IilCony. khas becoi"e an Impor'tilont Instnuner.1: of
the e--..onocnk anet sodal poIky. In tlft'lt!S of crisb"net Interim orsupple:mentilry budlet hilS to
~ pre0'3red.

In brnbla, ankle 117(1} «lrmttui:lQn oil zambia Act No: 18 Q4 :l9'96lN1Odate the mi"Gterof
f1M.n~ and ~ plannirc to pc ou ,t the bUdget fEW the ,pp iW.;a! to the Natiorntl
Msembty. This must be loIftderth~months (90 days) of each ftni!I"o:i:l1 year. The budget is
pre:ented evl!ry OdDbet' and lmplemente<! in JiIlmary the followinr '(e"Ir"$.. In (Wd".. for
lOVemment to oper.iIte duri~ the first quaner of the fiNln~ 'f~r ~ the budlrt is in the

PTeiIAnd hy Miss. M. Mach.llit (BA ED) and Ml. Slkaonga

 •
,
COl,lrsf' et preparation anti ~fore preser:tatlons and detute in the national AnemblV, a P
A
prQ',rincial ""'ilrT"oJnt is prepared "'od slgM'd by the Pl'"esiden~
n

G
This Is .. "",r" year f~olmework ....ithinwtllch the av.allilbl", resoun:es.~... divided t>etwo,er:
A
5f'rtcrs on tf'le ~.:;ls of :khleving government objel;ti",,~, The MT(f bll(ltletlng and planning
P
alloous for blitADer prepariltion prOCe$5 to CCM'nmence toilrly. It wl!lslntrotlul;ed as iI me~$Urfc IQ
~~res ....-ea.l(nesses in the budtetinc and plannins ~OC"!SS. •
•
,
S~l dr.lfting of the creen p~r by :empUing reql,lireitle.~from Vl.-~ m:nlstrie'J ¥Id
ot~r ~ilrtments •
•
S'..alle 2: the drafted il:teen paper is consolidated and ta.rwardcd to a.tlnet tor ilpprov.1 aftt1' •
whidl the creen p:,Ipet b. printed for drculllotlon. •
•
Stille 3: c:el!in.35 iln! sent out to ",11 line mlnistrie$. prc.......ci..1 and ~1In1_..ndes tus:C'the•
..Ad! the tin'~l3blc for d~ion.Thi... enables different -eton to co uribOlU! to make
wggontlons for inclU$lon
•
•"
Sta&~ 4: all issue~ which afe to form p;srt of the budget req"";re C;lblnl t approval. TI\« ~bine\

the course of the buc!&et. The- fint eablnet meeting Is MId

t1'lGet5 more rh;)n 00Cf' to chart
~er. the thltd and fourth QWIrt:en of the finandall"e..r. t"e nMct rneetlng takes FI~
iIItt.r the d~ft tlu6Cet has been comp!etftl The meetlnS eraures mat lilt ~s£l"Vations ~
durinr; the ~rst meetinC have ~en IncorponlMd on the feSOUn:1M si"'~. A le:llJ...latlve -:.;thinel
COffilT.ittee meets and the minister of Justice chain; the meetir:, 01'" th ~ entire wbinlfl under
Ihr, chairman~hlp of the president. ·rhi'S enables the m~cti"il: to con.. ~ler pr~)s ....· ,..,,,"'.......
mea,...-r..... before they are incorpclfilted in both the printed Bud&e-t 5f eedl and the
of revenue .nd ~etldrtw"e;dso kn"""" as the yellow book
e5tim~les
"
N
C
Stqe s.: ~ bu~e-t k cor.solldated and Fesented by the minlSte'T" of ftna~ and N;ttionilOl
~
ptannl,,& for approval by the national assembly. o
Budf!;et Execution

The ministry offjnance and NalJonal plann~ informs ministries, p...,.,lnces and spelld:ng
acencies (MPSAs) on qUilrterfy r>e'eil5e" of funds.. This t;n!ii1dy ",,,h3n' es ~mme

-"
Implen teul;cltion.
 High marks in Civic Educ;)t~n (From Grade 10 to 13J

--- After tile budll:et has be= pms.en:ed for approval by the riational Assembly. two BiAs are
pn,p.1md and presented in the National Auernbly. The Sills are the 5upplementafy
• Appropriation bill and 1he Eu:e$s Expe<'lditureAppr'Oprlatiurl Bill. l'his is aimed etfOlnllt6dng
t'l'H!:u:.ucs ton~1ned' In the bud&et
Ge<1e1"illl wammt (GW)

After l~ Ap~ Sills i'3$Sed Into lJtl Act.1he Geoeral Waffilnt is pr~ few the
~tosign.The <ON cJfts authority to the seaet<t.y totne Tre3SUfVto releaSf: "" ./or; fa;-
an ptogr.l:mtnM. The GW rep!aeu the Provln~ial Warrant (PW)

Monltorlnl and ev<dl.latio." aI thf! BudCM

ThIs 1$ the I'!lliponslbl1'ityol all key players who 'hould administer and evaluate the !ne of
.~,
publk; funds. l'he$e inc:ludte: lOflttOllIng affkers; Aa;ounmr.t Genersl who analysM
expen:llture r.uJm$ by rnI.nistries. pI'OIrinces and spending .nde$; Aud:tor GeAel'all w~ Dfl
• ~ bests., ~ ~ of the AG, audits1he trSlI: of public: f ..,iCIs. r.1d 11 monltDring M1d
"slUr
evaluation unitt..sed;n the mrnlstry O'f fln<llKC and Natiomllt pbnn'ng I' miUldated to c~
Q;\ projects &anced by the 80Vl1!mment.

Budget unci fiscal diidpIlne

FfsQI cl!scipllQe , tbiI strict ~ of pubik: rrsoun:es. The eovermnent pu~ ~ e s

to ef'ISIKeCOlt.......... in tulItlon 1Iln.d publil:: expenditure. GoYemment officials who m1s~
money are punJs.hed $e.(SctrffW COVetlll1'lerlt stio;b to the ,!Qals set In the blldll't't.~ much as
poos,lble. extu .... tIQI,o.hC 3; lI'Ooided tIIlle$$ ~ bon'O'»rinI tal gets et:OIlOC,!k 8' owtl>
~ prodQCtfw... """""i1t>
ZAM81A'S NJl.I!Ott.% DEVllOPMlNT PlANS

from 1964 to ~.:bmbbha5. hadsb: dew:J,oprfldtt pOns.. From 1991 to 2t01, the.- o'
N<morn'l De-. pJg~ plam W'~ eOanPQned./nstead.1he government fntTodueed the Annul>I
<Ieilt
cash ~ts. !bese ~ pl...~ base on funds actual"" :;wartat;.le.. n: was Ir, :wol wfIen ttw;o US1!
of Devf:k>poaeu ibitld a:pirl. l'he IatI!st Du ' ... lioiSl't pbn Is the sllrth~..
~ I'WI pon-2015J,.

- .. It W;!115 ~~, 24" OCtober, 1964

•
 High [!~ar~ io Civic Education (From Grade 10 to 12)
•
• It _ made to oornct the mlonfIII • dj ~Ist ecOIlOl'.",.
• Its mot;orcooc~rn _ to p."'OYkte administntlW: 'Stf\lcurl! to .... /\:::>...... ~""""',"":m
~ de....,J~J'lt in l<lmb;a

The r~atlo"al irvnsitiorntl OC'llel~pmentPlan (NTOP)

• The plan coven!d betwe-en 1965-1966

• It won a continuation of the EOP tM: mote emphasis was ~ to the impr'Qvenent c;<!'
tr.tnsl'Ort. poo>ler and comrnunlc.ation XI'lOO=s. agriwltwe and «lUc:atIon
• Thus, ~ primary and secOfldary sch':lOls were wilt in eOlCh distl1ct
Flm NatIonal DeYelopment Plan (FNOPJ

It~red the periodfn:lm 1966 to 1970. rhe aims were to:

• o;w,~;fy!toe ..... OiIOtil'trom COppermlnlns to ~tu~ an<:! mil$fkturins

• Deltelop ~ areas
• Expaod education SoefYlces
• Exp;ood welfa~ senrices slldi 01$ housfnland buCdinc of more hospitals
• ImpnWe jJOWer, transport aftd ((lmft'lUnlclltion seNiees
• CreatlllOO, 000 new jobs by the end of 1970.

rt covered the period from 19n to 1.916. Its go;tts we~ to ~ and ~ ~ ttle
divenlfie;:tion processsbJrted under the fNOP:iS follows:

• Attilminl"xlf-suff;cle.oty In food supplies -.d Irnj;>t_e"~tIn 1r>eome

• bp.,lt!,. and dlve<sifylng Industry ant! mining tt1rcuglllmport Sllb~tltutlon by us ....,

local minel1als
• Inltlatlng m ~ for regional d1!Y1!loprncM
• t/nk/nJ educatkrMII ~ 10 the: ccll.mtry"s manpower reqvlremen1S
• ~ fnfrastnKl:<Jl1l country wide
• u:aprovina1he exlstfng ltlf'ilStlu~su.tb as pcwer, lninSpOft and com........u;;on

third Natlonal OewJopment Plan {TNOPI

.' -
This COIre((!(f from 1980 to 1983 and had the foJI""';"51,)Dd15:

.. Alkxrtfng im/'estm@t'ltful'ldseod""""ting.bOlSeforthet:unsformati""ofsocIe1t
tl:u1JotCl'l socl4dlm'l to humanism

----- -~~ .......... ~

"",.. ,~
 - High mark.. in Civic Education
~....:.:;.g;..:.=~:.=;;.;;;;;.;=;;;..
(F~O::l;l Grnde
~;;.;;;.;=.:.;;.;;;.~.~.-
10 to 12)

.. tnvolvll'lS ttIe private sector in ecor>()lTllc and sodal ~(:lopmentwhile takins int»
'!Ie"ount S()(ialist and humal'llst Ideas
.. Balancing development with reeard to linkages betWeen Industry and acrig,It-.....
.. ln~itSi"l the produclion of consumer and capital good$
.. DIr.n~Jnc Income fairly, and ~ a n egalitarian or c:ommun;,1 soeiety
.. Oiveni~l"lthe ecotWmY and c!evdop rural ..rus
.. Expand the education and trah'l;ng f3cJlities to sp~:1 up the -process (rl
Zambianisatlon.

ro.,rth Natior.i11 Deve:~lJ"'ent Plan

It was from 19S5 to 1993. Due to wonenms

eeoliO ,lie uisfs caused by high 011 prio;es. ~e
_~ limiteddftrt service payments. There was (ut on imj)~ luxury l:oods while

etlcour.. ~ the use of Iocal .....terials ..nd grad....al r~n in sub:mtl~ This pl.om focused
~.

.. A PC' iodic: review of the exchange and interest rates

.. RP1..cion in the budget defidt to below ~ of D'O$$ domestic Procluo::t(GOP} by 1993
.. A gr3du;I.l reQ.>ction In subsidies so as to n!ducn pt'fl$Ul"e on the budte1:
.. Re6udorl in the ann....' growth of money supply to below ~ by "1993
.. Reduction In in&tion me to below 20% In 1993
.. InaeB5inc tt. ca~city utl1lu,t!c)l1 to abo~e 70% of tndustrlal a ....erages by 1993
.. Red~ t:t. number of price controlled Items to one by 1993

... l'hl$. WU m.- ~ Y"Uf"S of not havin& development plans;. It was ~ped:ed to run fron, 2O:J2
to 2005, therU'ft:er. a fifth National Oewe!oprnent Plan,

• The maln aim was tl\e Povurty Reduction Str8ltegy Prog",mme (l'RSP)
• 'This foCUSed on redudng poverty

• To ~ piannlrc. the I':owm~came up with t:he lD.. ... Term National pta"
known as VISioo 2030
• This ~ a': hmllns zambia into a Mlddle-l'ncomt prospero1.rS mnlon by 2030
~ It YQS • •- '-e! that by 2030, zambians would live In a $b Oilg and dynamic middle_
incoc:;., ~ ec:onomy to pnwicSe opfIOrblnities for improving thoe wellbelflC of all
••
Fifth Natlccwl ~ io'pment Plan (fNDP)
 High marks in Civic Education (From Gr'::'le 10 ~ l}~J~,~'~7~'_"_'"
-'
It .....5 !:>lIsed 00 the VlS101'l103Cl, aM It cO"olered the lK!rl(l<~ from 2Ot'1'j 1:'0 2010. "t'"he ~'le jlQilll$
ind\.'de:

• Dev'l.krp and ,ehab/I;ta:te ~ w ~

• Develop .nd Wild hunt8" resouree ar.c! '"tlPl,oelty ~p<ec.tIw:'V
• flR)mote eqllal pmtldpatlon oHefllale5 lIlld "'alt~ ifl edl>l:at!<:r1

• Mw..uream C~l."tttrlgtssues Mlch a:s HIV and AlDS, gender, d<::mooracr, good
gCNC':~":1UfI'lDflr1gl'lts IlrDenvitorHftiont

• Deve!ap lrJ1S3tkl1l ir> bed'! prlv~ and pub:!\: s:caar

.. '~G9 end"'PftX'ncte Ifvel:tlck "nd ¥.st1erlei

• Devt.'kIp _nd dhe.s!fy capital market

• PI"I1!POtE n.ifalelectrniClItiM
• Pfomote' Inw..tm~nt
• F$f2;bl15h the E:"fiV~mment1Cl" AppII(:ation
• Devo!1op iltlC ;:<Vmotefleciible and ir'lduslvr!! ,ed~., P"O£' IBmmess to'tllke G,,"," ut
dtlldnloo wft.t> Spe::ir:d ~. N'Ct.."M fG5EN}, $C:hoot Heel!,I'I nmt,Nutr<:tkH'I '1St-IN),
Orphans and Vulnerable Chi:drrn'l (O'VQ, HIV amt AIDS
• l>ew1up_m:P"'f:neunhlp to ~U( e poven!f
• PrOrnOU:! ~il~ and trnnsp~

SUd1l Natlonll'l DeYelopment Plan !SNDf» (2011- 2Ot51

SusUined etonomiicprowtta I>nd powerty rodllCtion \Vft the tt~,me cofthil SNDP, It(;O'~ the
~1100 from 201110 ;1015. Some of the 8Q<~S: lnclutll::

.. lnfranruaJ O<!velopmcnt
.. ~1!he~lgh-peY!:'I'tyklvcl:; l"tIle l'\ir:illllroilS ,""1::1 promo)W ~l~._
.. 5k~ls: developrnent
.. Intpr,wlng l","-,preductlvlt)'
.. lr.c;reasOnB DCeesS to he@tth,hlghe.olUl4t!lrtllllYed\>(;atior!
.. fBdli'~ thti di:l;t:rfbt:tiun of ~ lobO<rf'wlthtn "",d ocm:;r.' ",,"CM s"through<Kn1l'1e

=~...,
.. Ir'll':II:ltr uctLll"e Ol!veI<JPi\K!"t (Tnrnsport1o~r ~iOl<. brld:~.l>Ir, 'WlIt.-:', ra..1 end
bord.,.,.lnfrU:;n'Ucttu'e; ler to «lVer' ~ !Ilfr~ditl:~llz.atIOI1. r1CI<t
.a~atIon nel~, ct:',b <!OS of ~-.:~ Er'Il:rU 'to QWe.l' P'OW""aener,1'elcll'l,
tnmsmosslon. ctje:nlbutlon ;md alternative to:chllC»O'dY; ~ "11..... - supply e"ld
~.lta:tlon ":0 ClJn!t reticuCin:lon :;\"IiUlm$. dar:"II, ~a w'"l bon!l1oteJ)

.. Incremoe at:rl:13 to land

 ____....;;H~ig..h~m:;;:;a:.;rk~s;.:i.::n.:C::.iVl;.;·;;,c;;.E;;.d;.ucn;;;;tJ:,;·o::.o~(.;.F;.:ro::;m;:..:G;:.ra::.d:;e:...:.l;.O;;;to;;.;;12;;.2i..~
..,_ _
bm of development planning

- Types fall .... nder three categories: short, medil,lm and long term.

• Short-term plan: ccvers a ~hortperiod of time from $ill: months to one year, for
example, the Annual National Plans. This plan Is ~ ::ontT<:ll plan whic:h dle<:ks varioUS
ministries to make sure what was planned <ttld b~ld8eted has been implemented. This
plan considers the medium and long term plans tr) set its direction. The weaknt!$s of
this plan Is that It undere$timates the potenm.1 of the c:ountry to achieve more fl)r It
only lists what the c:ountry needs.
• Medium-tenn plan: ranges between three to sev,m years, with fhm years as th,! most
popUlar choice. This aims at movl"i: towafds sett-sustaining growth. "The National
Development pl.;ms are examplE!$ of this plan. In these plans, love.nment identifies
priority areas frx development as 5ee" in dlfferent National Development plans.
• Long-term plans: thfs Is sometimes referl'l!'c:l to as the Long Range OevelOpmo":n: Plan. It
CO"JefS the period af ten to Nlenty years or even ;zI;bove. This plan Is suitable when
implementing large scale projects such as:
,I. Constn.lctlng hydro-power stations
ji. Reforestation
il... Opening new mines
N. Cal\$UUWI'l8 new tOads ..!'Id railways

NOTE: the above UTe long tenn projects for they take D lone: time to ~omplete, thus, gives a
!o~ of time for government to mobilisercsouroes. This also allowsgavernment to spn,ad
de<lelapment of both rural and urban areas. This plan wkes c;<Ire of the short comlnr,s of the
>han·term and med,... m-term plans of planning bo ,nany things In o"e bl.ld&et.

Methods of planning

1) Centralized plano\ing: Is the planning done by the eentral gavemm~nt witl>out

inva:vcment of the local ~omml,lnitles.Hoo.-..eVC<', this kind of pl<mning hM' brought the
following problems in developlns: countries:
.. Lack of partlctpatk)n ofttJe lotal COlflmurllty In the fDl"mulatlo'n and the
implementation of pl..ns. A toJHiown of planning has b.!en condcmnfd
.. tt has t.ilsregatded local (:ondlt~ For example, centrally ba:;eg plan",.rs
woul0 decide to grow types of crops In ~reas which are not suitable.
.. Planningorcanlsations W('Te domlnilted by expatriate advisors ....1>0 knew very
little <lbout local farming communitiPs

... = ==
?'''parec! by Mis_~. M. Machila (M EO J 3nd Mr. S;kaonga P«ge 91
 ,

High marks in Civk Educdtion (from Grade _1 0 to lD -

.. Lcca'!y b<:'Cd i1~rI'!l1U"nl :l ficii:1s _le over !uof;l'd in p!a.~ prepilm:ion.
inchIdl"& J,:lCiI1 co'l1ml.irn-.ies
• Thel'e vr.lS ~ela\, et apilf"Qval ~ UN'! pl.ns si=c t!'ley . _ ,<:!fer'el:! 10 me
r.cadqWll"t...'"'I'S before imp!enl('fltat:or
2} O&entr.lllzed planning: it is pla:mirg fnvolvi'llll::hc local c;o:umunll". A Ioc.1
«Immunity identifies a p"'Ject to b<! wol'iled on, blld:;C+ for ,: a"d sub;"il! ~ ~o tl"'l
cer.tral gov.,.nrncnt for funclins. A cOmml.lnily may~d a yJIOQI 0: cll,,;c, I1C1'lCl~. thfoy
need eo chooH' what they need mOlt. SiJ\Ce;>;OOO, Jeu·;:tl;llilod p:arm!nj?; !~<J~ I::e~" ~
introduced In ZOJrnbla s1nct': the l!lBOs whl<" there was tess SI;II:C!$!;. Thl~ h• .!. been done
through ~he actlvltv base<! bl.Odgetil11 pli;ns In tM tcmmlll11tf

Regkm31 i1l1d Urban p!anning

.. PlVlnlfJIls a way of 'kc:blcn-maklne that propo""..e> 0: ~ntt'ia guah 0.- ~ !s) t!le
applfcatic>n of analytic:a& ted'lniqu~s.
.. Rl!gior.al and Urban p,omning~this l'I'Iett\od to~i"'-l peW: l~ment and
othet' pal~ "'CW'd:rog future growth ;,"d et;a"ge.
.. Urban plannil1l .... s exlsted:oUtre peop:e ~ to!lui"od 1t7..-m:;me! m<:ke d~n~

about wi, "'.nure.

• Since tnl!lC! art' diffl:'fent ethnk: youps. claue ,1n(l icte.-e5t lroup\,!l':ae haVl!
inflvet:ced the plaJ'lI'ler'l; lndi~y l'lr.d incIitectly. far ex...-.mp:<!. the bulldl:'-8 of thl" fly
= r btic\ge at r.abwc! It:lImdabout in ~$<lk.il was iIS il result of pubik: pr~SJ"" 0.1 tile
town planners to wnstruct <l bridgo to ovoid more tr"i" acdtlent:!llrt the rail tr~'SJn8
• Tl'n,.... r.e~ion;ll <1nl'! OOW!'l pfannins 1~ done by the co<-:nc:H. lil'ld is I!l F"ltt O'f th ~
deC:I!Oltr<lll:r.ed planni~
• U,bom plann<.'rs cOIn add""5s ~e foI'owfl'l&' ro..,d n~tworil.. c!rillnil£c 5y'otem. howlnt
u~its in residentlai and cem~;]l ;uets, /ndu->t:bf site:; arK! markets
• Non:: Qreful p!:Jnnlng n n~ In all ~ l1!::.an .1rCils.

M~l~lrtiQn~
~
,
• Micro n~ small. t,'lus. tl>ese an! InstitUtions tn<:t gi'le ~ ~stano~to
•
r!'ld"'IYid.... ~ l!'fIUepre~fo.-$<T'I:Iil stale ~!OUCh as payinc for !cl~
requI' e .•,",•• lS, j)Uf'C~ of ~sehokIloo65.00 farm"" inp••:h.
• l'hey also pn:wide Ulpital forstartiftll snuil bu!:im!S$C!:S.. Some <:tfthe micro--flttandal
institutions in Zambia are:
•
 High marks in Civic Education (From Grade 10 to 12)

Ill. 8Iue Firnlnce

il.'. IZWE~
u. MICROFIN

MDCro-f1nanclollmtitl,ltions

• Macro means '8l'f:l!. rhus. tI'tese a~ l~tiorr.Ii ....h/dl. fund l;,rge Kale projects such as
Ite amstnJl:tion ofscl'took.~.!'<ladsand railway "roes. Some cllhese lnstitutlotll
tJPeal:lAa In bmbta lndud ~:Fill_ ban" .,c IlW'C:Stnlst,; whlIe intlltn3tlonal_
inc!\.-de: IMF (Int!!n>ati-' Morn:taty fundI otnd W~ etnk. Afrtc:an DeveIopmenl
Bank tAD&) and Arab e.... kJrEconomic Dew:lopmefllln A~ tA,KOA).
• !ntemation.al MonetalY fund: is <I 5~bec:! iiIIft'e"lc¥ of the UN wflkh was set up If,
1944. Its obJeetiw:s ate to:
~ Promote Intllmlltlonal monetillYl:OI.>peratklrl
Ii. I'.oo"ote 5t3b!e exchange Rl'teS and mahTtaln ori:lerfy excl'llmge arn.'i&ements.
\:ii. To"-dlitirtethe exPil"~on and txJlancecl growth of In'remiltlon<l' trade
Iv. ~ 'h.I1I ~rtlbtity bet~en tulTendI!:s and 3fl er.d to e><c~

ootltlob
v. ":'oshoortlln the ~ of payments of ...-erne- COUntlWl
• WoOd -...:: Is also;mown _ _ Inte:naUonal Bank 10r R e c ~and
O<~.c"' (lBRDl.
I:btpn tD OJ:Icrate In 1.946.
fly iL Tb. bank encour81es ("dplt:al inut.-,tment for constroction IInd develop~nl of
nthe all '.... ,~sta~.
".
...
It ~ Ioan5. t:l)spedfk. pt"O)ee:ts that are pn):tuetlve ilO<l1l pt'OVl6es fll'landll.llor
too '5 -.::bar:&'It.l~it"' usuallY of a ~ of 20 yea<'S with '" grace pet'fQd
.-.
Iv. ""'-'Id . . . membe. ~s pay s~pl:lontees ~In£ te;> their
a PIE ~t1anal Pn:lduc:tJ
• ' i • rot Bank (AD6)
, AfriI:ar Dc
W. loo t 1ft ~ 1963 r.>d st:am!d apenrt:"nB 1966
Its t ' , tal >II"C In AddIs Ababa In I:thlopl:tl
"
ilL
i". It....,..
• • • • • c;DI'ltrtb&:tlo from Afrieun . .d .\OC.. A"frl=an Countt1t!s
'anay \t)anS to member stat!!:s. A CQfW;C!S$lanar, Ia,.n
. . . - • • aa..otry wttlI no condiOOns att<Jt;hed
h; rn<JIM"y

v. It ..... e-. also to spedfk: P' a;ects that . .e ~ ..rut pruvldes f"IniI.- fur
f .. \:. ' 1".
vi. ~ _ er for .. pltiiod af20 ye;= y<ftb" pIU' p<'!rfod at!>,-rs
,

"
 •
High marks in Civic Education (From Gr,ade 10 to 12)
-

""'-b SottIt for [(OftOm.i<:. Dl!:uel pl ••"t;'" ~ V<lDA>

--
l The bank ........ UIt up ~e Arab "'aeue in 1'373 and SUttee. upa:atiu8 in 1915
n. Its headl;uarters _ in Sudan
m. ltgNcS 1c>8lJ:5I11so~ospeclfl,pr~ ttr~ lite productl1.e and providu finance fOf"
fat'e~~.
W. ~~ usuaIy for a period o120yelli1iwtth:a crxe lJii!ricld at Sye:ars
.... r.s objecth.1I! is to contrlbutl! to eco-ic deu<1 , .... oelot in Africa

• ThllM-_slgnJ that :tl"ww-.... I""tllet ~ In ....'provenlel'llti" thll-eountry'l OClOftOlny

•
....
l!nd people':II 1:uJk neecb sudlas food. ufu wat,c,". ho!..tI;~:. education arid t',eatth Of

To meesu.. de'e' .... 'e't 1$ hanI.- ttoodue, V;:Irigus ilocfbtoos ... needo!d. l1oes.e
mcl~ NlIdone' PTodutt" Gross DomestIC f"roduct" t _ DeveIo;W'H!t,t IncSeoI
lInd Per~ Income. :.<n',

:a. 6ras:s NaII:IonaI,p, ocIi11Ct

• This 15 alsobiOW". Natk:ftiIlJncorne. It I:!: the ~ d1 pn>duct5an In " ....._ ,
t e - durir.S • perlod of lime
• Tbl:s rne<lIlS the am~""t cl Sood$ and servlCl':'l PfQduI:e ....lthln _ c:ounby..,d
K<:ounted b 1:\ a partk:ubr year
• It f11so Indudes income from ~1Q;J(l.
• It lI: importontbec ft.!ps toltnowtf>e OMlue ~S·S ~'" ..clI haw It is
c:~_tme, •
• niJheipsf;uuc... ".,ittoC'Ot'tleupwfthpolldc:::s..-d '- >,.1.... ' nttleouumt"(s
•
productlon Iew!fs

b. GNsr. DomesUc Product

• 111~ I:. tl'le tgtaI output
of an _lOll.' and CCIIUIsts at"lbeaaeounted torr;oods M1d
....ices tt.t hiJ¥I! been pr=rt .....1 "" itM e~e of-thi!! year
• All the pnIiIIuc;b and suuk:H poo~ ICeel wlth... Ulec:_ngy_:Idded uil and
c::a;C:u1atect in menctaly tcnn

c.. Hurnafl De.. elopiOle,tfi'ldel

• 1111$ b the- n _ of " " - devl:lcpr-.t U$fnc tow 1t.."1'IS
I. .un: m: >ectat..., iOt birth
ll. Adult8te>acf
I1L A..... ~ y~ cl u;t'twIintr
Prepared'trJ Mt5S. M. Madllla (B.A Efl) ... nd Mr. Slk;ounga - - - - - - - - - - - -.:::"':-:,.~
.
 ----.
Highmmarks
--am in Civic Education (From Grade
_'0_ _ 1 (I to 12)
-
, Qr. ,,_•.
.~,_ tt,," _ •. _" to _f'. __

d. Percapitot I'II;~
• 1$ the Gross POtl",,;)l Product of a CnuntTy divided by ~tobl popoUatkon. It dOti tlOt
take Into ~nt Income distribution dls;>Mtte-s.
• It ~ always uM.:d as art iICOi ..... 'lit Indic:.. tor of the st3ndanh of lIvina and delOeJopfr;ent
• Per c.prt. lncOmf!' :GNP
=---
"9VfflTY IN ZAMBIA

• Peve1V is lhtJ lnsuflk:lent K«-SS tu food and nl.f1ritlon, edlJC3lion. nealthc::ono:, ~E:;lQlf!
shdter,dothlng. ~u:ttf: il1('Oml!.!iter;tCy. ~f! wiItBand S:lnitlltion. TNs kind of IXIY'!'rty i~
refe"."d to _ absClIu~ poll'e't'ty. AbsolUU! po'.-ty is;otso defined, lK. o:_ditlc>tl 01 "fe so
dis<!~. s.qualld sUJTg'mdings. h1ih
• UonitH by malnvtrlU..n, illiteracy,
loW lift, ~pectant'Y
,n1ant mortaUty r:nd

• ' ' Oft>(! Pief'.il~' one Is 1fvk>1 in ~rtv if his orhet' lncomt!! is be«.... a ~vetty
d:tn<m line. ~ ~ on one dolt.:rr perday. T"'" eentrnl StatistJ(o~ Office deflO'le'l
PClICrty darum line DS. the amotItrt cl Moftttlly inalme reqlrlred to pu' d\.asc t:1lSio: food
to meercalotle req .. l~ntb .. famity of:ob< (food baslcel.). Tllls does not. "dude
• tNosiz llC:e:ts such liS slH!lter :and education. onto, eaters food. "
• na*~s pc'~lWe:" p~oa is s4IIId to be Hvfn£ In poo.erty If his Of her
r~b for" min&nallNil'l& do"~:>'Ieet~pta~ needs-
• r,Bpabll,ty perspectiw; ..men a person latb l'Iec~;det.suc:h as adequ.-U food,

. clotfUh&. ~ Md i1blllty to partkl~ in ComMunlt, actfwfti<es, too; or she Is said U.

be 1Mi'lf. in poverty
fIIOn:, ~ U;'<oI has de~d
l ... ms of depm..;nioq
j>"d ~ Hutmln Poverty Indo!X (HPlI to
in tl'Ie foIlowin£_-=
oN:-aS....-,. povfltY In
i. DeorlYiltiOO'l of. bng..-.d hci:dttly l~ tnei:$I.lM /:Iy life exp«tIn~at about 40
r-on.
, Dep.bation of kno~ measuted by IIlItr:nKy
Ill. De!3riYOItion In economic ~lon ~ by lbe peruaugc d the
.~n ~ ~
• •
.•:.:::------_.•.----_ _.•
lv. tBdtlnl aa:es.s to health ~ &nd safe ~r ;;lnd l'IdequatJe II trition

"'--"'--'~'~'::"::,::,,~-~.~,-;::,~.:-;:::~:.~ ,~,,--
- , " ,' • .uI h,. ~;;ss. M MadlllOl rq .1 "''' _. ~.. "".
•
., . -

•
 ..
. -
_
-
_ _-:H~;~gh:::..:n~~~r~ks~·;~n~C~;~Vl~'C:..::8~d~,,~ca~t~i~o~nl(~F~,·~o~m~G~r.:~ld~e~1;O~l~t>~1~2~)L
.• __
-
•
• ....1 $ no food does I'IClt e.t well
• NCI.cus to catiOtl
• lack of IiC "CO'''e8I!h e8I'1!
• &.-=k of .....en to ~u_lIhet..,r •
• Pocrc:1ot)I1"'B;

Economi:: Jbtus

.. Lack oflliOlte'! ftt!ose ID u",," areas}

• I.JId< of produl;llwe as:scts »1>(0 l a ptousI'l&. hOC!S. _ . fbhlnB ....t ..... lJOatli (rurW
~)

· ,---
Poti1:Ic:al ~1ItJo..,

• I.M.'ll: t1f poIItb.! 'oI<lk.e

• I..-:t< of a«eU to Ies.t l~tr.Ion

• Laek oteconomkJrowtb:1rom mItl1:!I701. ~~Jl_'" hall perfo;lftI>lld poortv

due to I~mal and ~'". ~
.. 1nteno.. fk1Jgrr.-t'-_dOLdCStk F 1'-' 1:!Mot_re ck:. 'aped __
~.P'" I b-,.andClll:fwr..,. a .........foo,.u:lIefl:lMITf
~ ...I01' ..... oi'1d~-M>:Ie.."wnc....et Imoecure ..... Itl.
b. EJniemalfoKtCP'S: these ..... to e-rm,ottrar:Se fot"'l3mlm's ~ m:" ,
~ wtritt!.educEd $tnoI!:t91GS. BIl"ore 2:972, z.nbleI _ _ of

• the l1dIst countries In b ..... ' .. AfrfI:& .

• "OwCU-In'ttle ~ I"\)lld'er. z.."tbIa's ~"'ll, cSert.. ... on<o,:~IItld
Agrlcultunl. ~. tII.- ~ e polIdes of ~t>loee'A 1952*"l~.whlI:h ""IC.'I!d tft;!
~. , ..,AiltillJt wtlietl.'tiC'a,._ ulf4.ed kw m "_ ....,iIir.k...1I WMf a-
r
·
t

~lJ"'I1
llIIa 'b.' idd'M!:~fartM·.rfpD~pn:olfua
.. 'r1le~"5e."'tarh;
.
':Iy J-'ll;. Mo Mach!la (Il /l !':In "'1<1 WoT_ Slbonga --------_•.-
"
.
PI''l'! 903
 High marks in Civic Eduartion (From Grade 10 to ]2),.

charKtertred bFlnc:orI1f$tlmt agria,lllund 1'Qk'~ lam arriv3l: of ~ltwaIt/lPUU;

l!ndemi~ livestodc diseases; expensive agrk:u!turaJ Inputs and bn~ts; InldeqU....
s.tol1lge fDdlitl~• .lw.t to mention a few.

- •
•
Debt btrden: zmn~ has lost :I lot of r.Y.I""Y servitlng Ib: ext:erna1 dll;bt:$.
ExbemaIdepencSence: ~ldenceonelCtCr.o01Il inw: 'ors has hinden!cl b:",l
inIoutuo$. Fo:w'ew. IrNoE '0"$ are stventu ~ r. the ppem.e ofloQl invut:ors.
• ::22molte ~tfon: ch"""nc ertY.l'Onmcnt and ~1m3:.r, for tal'l'1\Cl"$ who ~ depeiicl
~ rains. haYfl been tf'SaPPoInted. fbItI,fan ~t\I..'"l'1'l$ are no Ianaer reliable.
accompanied by sometimes floods and drougtr:s, leadins: to lour food produc t\on and
Incteatt.d Ii~ dl~
• Mo."'bldity;;md mortality rate: the incTease In N:ortWcl!ty (D!nes5) and ~ ue dutl\$
dutoto HJV azui MlS and oth;v di$·2S.... N-t.'e colbfbt.,~ to po•• l,. A fami Y spends
Itsitlalme on tf\e s:Idi: bmity 11'.eI'lbe•• a nation Iose:!I productfoIe human rec:uru, and
ttws, ill toWltJ'y ~ produdfon ~I"$ dl:e to mneu.
• ~ the Increa5'e1l1 the numbef" ol' orphans has str.1ned the fprnRill!!>" l'($Ourees
who care for the.".
• Single parent -.d ~0eC hou~: SIKh hoo.lsetloids ha". failed teHneet the
basic ~ as bi~ hiJvot rmtinfy died from HlV and AIDS.
• 1nequaEty:. the tistJibutlon of ~es has not been fIIiT. Mo,.. of alth has remained
in urban:areas wh~ ~ the rural areas.
• I.DW $ltIarfe$:; low sallmes and wages """th poor wcridng condltiorts of sE-rvK,e have led
to powrty among working c:la$$e$.
• conftkt: when Wre ~ ~ ~ confficl: and worken 10 0;"1 Slrikl/$ for a lortg tfme,
economic; devl;dopment ~ d ~ /eadifl:: to) po uerty.
- S-.der ~Ilty in economic KtMties; thllTQ hzi, beer> ~ ~~0fI crI ...omen
in econ::wnlc devebpment; hener:, tho..-y tat<not &et ioan5, bnd MId odlzt mflans of
pol"O(k.Ic:tOon. Th:s has led 10 poooelTr ernonc WIJolTIel"I.
• 9Qor w~~k eultwe; ~ peopfe hll~" nesMn:e attfto.lde tolll'SrdS wo.k o1l'1<:l othl!rs.re
just Laze. leadlnE re poverty. .f

• ~M food in$earny
• High unemployr:wmt le'ol'e!s
• 'n~ase In prostitution and crime

• c:ooHlcts In s.odety
 ,•
•
Hjgh marks in Civic Education (From Grade 10 to 12)

~~;5~-i- .fi"'~~~1i:Utal pol~; late arriwill of i1Srkultur.tl inpuu;

·...-;-f~Ii¥--~~-~~;-:-
~~~~~~e~dl~a~;e~ve agriculturil! Inputs and Implements; inadequ~e
-
Iter. t.M:ilitics, juS't to mention Oil few.
• Debt burden: zambia has lost a lot of money servidntl Its extffnaI debts.
.. External dependenc::e: ow:r-dependanoe on ext~ hT. E .: s has hindered kKal
Irwl'.5tlM's.. FOlecrl Investors iN"e JIven tax ~ m at the ~sc of IoQII imoesturs.
• O'lma~ vartat:lon: c:hatI&l", enW'ontnent and tlil'l'late ~ fannen. who IOIety depend
on rains, have been disappointed. Rainfall patterns are no 1000000f reliable.
acc:ol1'IP~ed q- sometime,; Roods and droughts, Ieadlns: to k1w food production and
lnul"~ 1iVel.tea.:,tke?sh
•
• Morbidity and mortality rr..:the itIaease In Morbkfity (Rlneu) and prematwe de t1..
•
due to HIY and "'OS and ottte€ dlsea5e$ have contributed to poverty. A h1mtly spends
Its income on the sld!; family member; ill ~ 10$eS prodl.lctlve !'>uma" resource, and
thus, Oil country loses p"oduttIon hour'$ dl.:e to illness.
• Orphan$; the fl'lCfease fn the :wmbet of orphans has strained the families' resoU1U!S
who care for dtern..
=::: . --;=t,.:. ~ ~ " : e dl'Qnelloldr. 5l.d'I households hilve faRed to meet thI!
.
-. . ~ _.~
...... , .... '.~ .
-~--~ ...
~Ste iW:ed:s as bl'eadwinflen. have mainly died from HIV and AIDS.
• Inequality: the c1lstTIbutlon of resources hAS I'lOt IH!rn fair. More wealth has remained
In utban areas while neg\ecti"l the rural a~.
• Loww'B ~; lowalaries -.d wages with poor III'OriW1s c;o:,dltrorts ofset¥ie:e h<we
to ~rty -mons workina d=ses.
• eoc.ft\et; whan l:hef'e &; Industria.l conffitt ~d ~""eTS'0 on strikes foo- i\ lonI time,
economic: development slows d:"Wl'l.leadl"3 to povtrty.
• Gender Inequality In economic: aaMties: thece hitS teen low partkipatlon of women
In eeonomk de:oIl!l~iN!nt;henee:. they ClInnoteet bans, I3ftCI and other ~ of

•
ptadurtion. ThIs hitS led bl po .erty arnonc women.
Poor work cufWTe: some people ~ a roepti.-e attitude towwds wo,. ancJ. ~rs
just laze.leaclinc to PO~l!"t.
...
En,
£ff«ts of D9yerty

• Conflicts [n sodety
, Increase In corruption snt! wndall:sm
• Inc:~ in ~syndrome
• low life Illlq)KQnCy ~UI: to Eow sta~ of 1.'vfI\a and other facJOl'S

-
~ by M[ss. M.. Madln" m.A EO} and Mr. ~fbcn';,.a

p"
 High marks in Civic Education (From Grade 10 to 12)

'" industrY; to promote growth of an export led ;ndustry leadinl to

emp~ntcrntion and poverty recluction••
.;' Health: to irnproYe the heaIt:h ~tus of the pe)ple in 2ambiil ~ of
the poor"
'" Eduwtkh1: to pn:wide mev..nt. equiQbIe-, effiOent and quality educ:adon
for all
..I' HIV and ASOS: to reduce the Incldence,infection and $OCio-etOl"lOmle Impact
~.nd of HIV and AIDS.

.........""
--"
./

.;'
Gender. to prorroote IC• • babnc:e to e;lSe the poo>erty ofWOl'lei' at the
household. community and nationaIlevek.
Envitonment: to formulate a~te poIlQes on the protedion of the
environment, management and development of natur.IJ resources and
ensure their effective delivery and Implementation•
.;' Enei&1. to ensun! optimum suppty MId \ItiIisation of enercv.

"" ... ". Water and sanitEion: to contribute to pgIIt'rty ~!(1'ion through lnueasecl
itCCe$.S
-rl<y.
to ~ WiItec'" and $lIn~. increased food production and food

C\.lIined .;' TI<In$pOrt and ~munlcatiotl:to crNte an efficient transport and

communlt::ation s;ystem tNitwiU ptOft'lOte ec.onomlcgrowth and poverty
-..-
.I' Roads: to ~I'ld. rehablIiUte and invest In tne road sector to imp Oft
Ime. ""Te$$'1Kf1ly and mobility.
NOTE: poverty reduction Is a result of economic BTQWth. improved services,
lender equality; environmental sustainablllty and iood goYI!lTI3nce.

Environment

• The word environmeut refers w surrouncl~ and the thInp found on urth botfl
physical and cutturaI
• rt also muM condition$ within wtridl 5OlTtEd.illfl existS
• et is made up of In~"'thil'lgSandprocesse5 such as SOIl, air, _tel'. plants, animals
and humans. They aK affed: one another In O4'lC way Of' the alhet'. It Is i,"portant to
look at the environment iIS a S1stem of woBfl'l£ parts.. None of the parts WOfir;
Inciepeodcntfy. If we damage any of the components. then, we d~e _ own life
.... of """"'"

Prepued by MIss. M. Machlla (BA EO) and Mr. Sikaon~ Page 99

 High marks in Civic Education (From Grade 10 to 12)

Components of the environment ,

• It is divided into living and non-living oorn~nts..lf human activities are considered
• centfal, then the environment is divided into natural and cultural components
•
Main components of the environment

"

Environml'!ntal Degradation

• This refers to any action that makes the environment less fit for human, plants, and
animal life. At times, a solution to one problem ereates anomer problem. For
example, farmers lTI3y use pesticides to control pests but if not correctly used, can
pollutes the soil

Causes of environmental degradation

1) Overpopulation: more people concentrated in one area. This brings a lot of

environmental problems such as cutting more trees for const1'uction, charcoal
production and many more
21 Pollution; it refers to the reduction in the quality of the environment by introducing
harmful materials in it. Pollution takes two forms:
• Natural waste (organic or inorganic). Organic waste is things like grass ilnd leilves
which do not pollute the environment. Inorganic wastes indude elements of
compounds Sl,leh as lead, Sulphur and Copper found in rocks, and are present in small
qUilfltlties in our bodies. However, they are very poisonous even when consumed In
Pupared by Miss. M. Machlla (B.A ED) and Mr. Sikaonga rage 100

,n
 •

Higph marks in Civic Education (From Grade 10 to ~_~__

SINR doses. The w~ .... emitted dun. . mil1ing and ~ o ~ In !.he

luturalemllronment3I, these wbst:atlces iilre buried deep IlndergrtXlnd where they do
noteftter blolo,gfeal systems. When they are mined, they contaminiil"..e rivers. streams,
lakes and .rour.d water SUJ)9lies, soil and even air.
• S.,nthetlc: people are able to make new chemical cQmpounds called synthetic
d"temkals. These chemkals iilre pn>sent In p.z\ltt$, dyes, food additives, drug:;.
pesticides, fenfrlSel"'$., dottIes, deani"B materlals, plastfcs, cosmetic5 and b\.t11dins:
trl3tl1:rials. Some of these chemicals el\'t@rintotheenvlronmcmtthroughtheactionof
sunliaht. air, water, and soU. They are flIten by living Otganlsms. A rtl4lIteriiill that
d...---eompo5eS In the emio onment as a resuk of bioJogica.liilction Is known as a Bio
degradiilbl& substance. Many synthetic ct\emic.ills 00 not deeompc»e easDy. For
enmple, pl~ ..... remain In the environtneot far h.-lled yein bec:ituse orpcUsrns

...........
that feed OIl them are rear. Synthetic chemic:als sllch as paints .. nd dyes are very

31 Depletion of l"eSOUII'ces: a I1!$OUroe is any source of raw m:<Jterial (K object that hUmoJn
bc-Ings are able to Ilse to Sl,I$tain life or produce _alth. Thus;, water, fish, minerals and
tlflS are examples of resources. A resource 1$ depleted Of' U5ed up when It becomes
1('SS una<r.lilable for ia il,tliilded fwl(tiol .. Re$oun:e s get Gepjeted in three ways:
l CoI'\'lertl"B them into anot:t\@rsubstaneeorproduct.Forexample.COOII or 0;1
are destroyed when burned to produee energy
D. Be!ng displaced to some 10000tion from whictl the ImItl!ria1 Cilnnot be recovered.
For example. when coPf)et' Is mined.!t Is processed and cannot be repla.ced in
thegro:.lnc!
Ili. Being polluted: iiI substance is rendered unfit for use.
4 EJQmples of resource depletion:
o!. Sotl; 50iI e!'osion Is estimated to be exceeding soil formadon by 3S "" It is
more severe In Africa ~lly In the Sahel retllOn where OVel'grazing by
eomestlc;lftCl WIld animals had led lO $'!"lObe erosion. T1'lk I aka in parts of
ZambiO! wnereVl:(etation cover had been remowed tor fanning and
marcoal burrJlns.
b. Deforestation: the tvch demand for timber and dom<$tk I8e h;o:s led lO the
de$troc:rlon of fwests in Africa and south East AsIa. tt is estimatt'c! of about
4.5millon acres of foresu ~re destroyed every year.
Co Dek. dfbtion: is ;I gradual destnIction (K reductioc'l of the capacity of

semharld lands for plant and otnlmal pnxuet!on. Ovf:f'graz1ng and over
cultivation of gr'iIssla4Its leads to f3Illd dcc:rease in soil nut:rierlts redudr..
the dtana forf'.JI'ther g,owttI of \jegetation.loss of plant covei" promotes
arldttv and desertifbtlon

ared b)' M~ss. M. Mach1la (RA EO) and Mr. Sikdong.a Page 101
 ~$h marks in Civic Education (From Grade 10 to 12)

d. Overfistrinc: rapid Increese in global fish Mrftst MS resufted in

CM;lffishinJ. TM leacb $.0 depletion of SOl'l'\C f"tsh sPtcies.ln lamb!.., the
use of llSegal methods of fishina sudl as the use of Mosquito nets and
poIsono:lS has led to olteri!shlf\l in some lakes aod riVers
e. Fresh ~ the demand for water for inilT-Jtion, powet genelOltlon.
domestkand industrial use has e-ceeded sustainable Stlpplies of the
world tesultin( Into depletion offl'esh watet.
4} Qimau change
Human beings have altered the environment through many aetlv~ sudl as: excess.
emission ofarbon d"lOxicSe from bumint fuels. dllon::lflucroc:arbons (CfCs) from
rcfr"ceraton, aeTOSoI spraY'$. aIr ~Itioru and methane Into the atmOSf)here. ,his
has led to globaj warmins (inuease in J(IobiII tem~ tt!Stl'1ti11& irl the meking of
glac:ien ",od rise in mean sea levels.
5) War
• WiIlC 1$ a combination of an environmental Pf'Oblems
• It leads to poIllltlon and depletion of resource far l'MH'e than any si"fle pea«:
time artilt\ty.

M,!or,Enylronmrnt<tllul.les In lamb1",

The Nation3I £nvlronml!ntaJ ACtion Plan (NEAP) Ilndl!r z.n>bla Environment M3rliIlgement
"'gency has ldentffied the following as ma}or e~vironmental toI\Cen\S in lamiMa: wUdfife
depledorr, defomtalion; pollution Lal'ld dl!fndation; i~llate saniUtion.

1) O~forestation:this is inc!isctlminate debn.etion of f_ts. Vegetation is deared fQr

the purpose of wood fuel, timber, farmin& and settlement. This resutts iflto dwindli"ll
wQot:llands and fQrests in zambia. In urban al'l!iIS like Zambia's eIty, tl'te«: Is high
c!emand f~ d'Iareoal and liInd for settfement. Unstable utilimtion of torer.s whl!n H!ft
uochec.ll.ed e¥entuaily leads to fotesl: depletlol'l. Thel efore. ~ should be a
6I!llbe....te effort by the gewenunent and the community as a whole to replant trees rD
4
renew doe supply 1re-ilftcx"l!Stationl. Thus, re affolt'Sl"atlon means planting trees to
replate desttoyed forests while affOf'estation Is the p!anting of trees where there ....as
no fOR5t before. Benefits gf lIffolestation and re-afforll!$tation are:
• Assured supply of chan:oal and f.-e1 wood; sU$l:ilirnlble supply 0' timber;
proteetiQll of soU ~on: some planb fix nitrogen in the soil; some plants
':
provide fl'lltts arld medidn",1 use of herbs; tofteai~ of honey. mu5hrooms.
nuts and caterpillars.

Prep<>N:":1 by Miu.- Mo Machib (RA ED) and Mt. Sikaonga

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Ra
High marks in Civic Education (£ram Grade 10 to 12)

2J \Viktlite depletion: various species ofblrds and animals itre becolnlng few in num~~
-
due to unliiwful klllm,.1t Is one of the n'liljor environmental problems in Zambia
hence; animals must be prot«ted at iIiny(DSt.
3) Pollution: pollution of air, soit and wate.- is an envirl)flmenul issue in Zambiii. This is
the result of r.lpid In the &t!nef'atlon of ~ clue to industries and rapid po~n
Increase. Water pollution is eaUSoed by the release of diss~ chemicals such ilS Lead
and Copper into the strearm, riv!rs and undera:round wa~. Air poUutian is eause4 by
dust emission of sub$tanas suet! lIS Sulphur dlOllfde, carbon dioxide ancl Nitrogen
Diollide. Pesticides are a SOU'I'ee of environmental pollution. These are substances
produeecl to kill orcont:rol pests. They can as well be used on pIams but ~lute
soli land if not used ~y.
Svggesm1 ~ fJCtiorts to pTewnt pclJutiotJ, •
.. RestrictiOf'S: some pollut.nts are so toltic that even Ira srnan quantity; they can
lull wilOlife, domestic animals, agriculnlr.ll aops and hutnatl belf\&S. 'TllI.G, the
govemmertt should abGlIsh the production of sum hanmul Sl.Ibstanc.e1O
• Qualif"1fti restrictions' s.ome pollutants are not *C1Itl! slK.h as SUfphlK dioxide
which Is released wner-erfossll fuels are bl.tmed. tt is harmful In many ways.
Therefore, the &ovemment can pennit a $.pedflc ~n ~ It ~ mine
emits more thiln expected, it must be fine!!;.
.. Subsidies: r;ow:mroent Uln era~ge enviroramentany friendly....-aetiol:es by
industries. Tillt deductions can be cftren to those industries and ,ompa~"'esthat
do t10t pol:lute the eravin)nment.
.. Residual charJ:e: industries and IndMduals who pollute the environment can
t:e cha"led the amount of money proponionat to the quantity cri the pollutant
.mlned
• O'..her measures: euabltshmem of recydina: pl;lnts by all local inrthDrities;
rt!Cutar and efficient coUedion of W3S'te and di$pose them In desIcnated si~;
cornpo~n8of organiC VR~ which eara ~ used as fertJ1izf't; and encourail"s
industries In the country to use deilnef" PtOductiontechniques and practices
4) ~stE', is anotherty;)e of pollution. tt indudes foGd, dirt, Pil~. bottles, plastic., bag$
and eonumers. Poor waste dispos.al and ~nas:en:entlud to cletetioo'ation of the
envil'Ol'lment as a result of there are a kit of cIlseaSM which affect human beings such
~~,""
as CJK)ie1';l and Typhoid.
S) Lane c:egradation: human iKtMties nave Iltcl to land degradatiara in the quest to brir.,
economic develoP""oeut. Hum;;ns have rnildE' varied I;hanses to the natural ~ndscape.
Llltle areas of forets have been cleill'ed to pave WiIi'Y for agriculture and setdement.
mlnin& aoo quarryinjl: aetlvities 3~ [lllU$e land etegdtlatlon.

Pr"'P3r~ by Mls~ N:. M<l6l1a {B.A ED] and Mr. Sik>!ong.a Pag" 103

•
 High marks in Civic Education (From Grade 10 to 12)

6} Inadequate sanitation: sofld lIIUtI management possesses a &reat thallence to local

-
iI~ in the major cities 01 the eountry. A lot of WOtste Is eener.lted dairy and Is
Il..ft unco1lerted. Unplanned settlements make Cilrbage collection and dis~l hard
forthe courlcfls

This refffS to the ITIeltSUres and eontroIs c1ireetJed ilt _ironrnental tortSel'Y.ltion and
W5binolble use of resGUt'US.. To do this, cuvemme:nt N.s cone the foUowing;

• Introducecl legislative me~. The~ laws set the performance standards of

:;oci.;ll cqnduettowards elWlronment. For example, the elltreprise!; clealin~
with waste mOln~~ld take Into account publlc health, the
environment and safety
L
• In 1992, ECZ(Environrnental Council of zambia) was established, as an
umbn!lm legislation to eo-on:Iinate VllIrIous ~atloM ir\ the various
~tions in diffet ent secton:

Environlnental M!.Ie are a"O:S5-<Uttin1l by their r.ablre. The prev<Ililinc Ken<Uio In lambi:il is
that various lovernment5 eM the quasl"'lO'feflVnel1t Institutions end allenOe<J; ;lire involved In •
environmental managem~nt.8ottlil\tlemational and local NGOs are active In environmental
conservadon wort.in various sectors of the e<:onomy such a'li minIng, forestry and C1grICIJlture.
Below are the main instltutiol'l'li.
----- -

---
InstfNtion$
£nYiroNrit,ltioI Cound of za~ (Ea)
_Ooleo
•
-
Environmental pi utectloo,
• Pollution contTol
• Natural Resource ~ ___
Ministryof £duc.iltlon • Implementation of Envi. OfllT'll!ntaI
- ._-- EcIuation In Lumini Institutions
Ministry of localgovemment and houslnt • formc.llatlon of policy on
(roo.onols) -..... In1rastn.Jeture &:!velopment

- -• Dc.ovelopmenl: of hUmiI"_settle.ments
Ministry of £nvironment. Tourism and • Formulatioo of poicy on ~ at
Natural Resources envtronment and n<J;Q.U:il1 resowoe
•
~
FormuliJtion of polieie$ and Lesislation
on touri5l:n ~ Wildlife ~"t
~;f"
..... • Formulation ~ policies OIl land iss' 'e5
Foti$Sy Conwni~
- • Milna.iet!'eM of the ~ s fores""..s
~rtrn~t of water affa~-
.~

- • - M;lrlilgement of water ~rces

,
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Prepared by-Miss. M. Mach,\;) (8.A ED) and Mr. Slkaonga Page 104
 High marks in Civic Education fFrom Grade 10 to 12)
•

H;rt$onaJ Heritaae e-",aticm COmmission • •

,. IdL-ntlf\cation and manilgeTl'lOeflt of
•
---
bmbia wndlffe A\Itt>o:'ity (ZAWAI •
~bi~ot~~
Mzmagl."f/1ent of wildlife estates
• £nsurina equitable ~ otf benefits I

-. -
fisheries Deplll"t:r'r\ent •
of wild6fe ~gement and
c~n~",-"tIon
Implementation of the qG1lltfon on
i
1-
the devel~l'Itof the roshlng sector
• Rqul:;ltins {"oolna mflhods .nd
I
+-
re1,nfon:;ing fish bill> period ~fl

L__ December ilnd MiII'dl (~ns

per~)

I.,tsrn...l!onfl sooyentions ,od 'gTtemelJl on the environment

lambr" b also a ~~ to $.C'd .llnUn'\atlonal eo~ntl:m~ and ap-eemellts on the

t'ft'llrorwnent. The sl.a;nl..... i10d ratffkatlon o~ 'l:hese c:onvcntlOlUo ill'ld agreements Is Jl clear
lndlUltion of the warM\gness .nd indk;atlon UI coopentte wtth other cx",.,"b"~ and
i"-.,,.,tloo.;tl ~tionsin the susta!nll:ble U$e and managllme"t of SlobDl r~ufCes. Some
of th~ ~"e"tio..s .. <>do .!tee""", Its are clven bE>1ow:

,/ Basel Cot•• a'tloi, 00 th&control of tTlIns·boundary movement of hiJ,za~ous waste

./ UN corNU .tIo<. to combat 6ese.l:ifloltlon
,/ (OfWentioOLl 00 the protection of the Otone layer
'" Co...-ntion on wetb."ds {~lt\S8r Corlveotiorl}

../ It 15 Vs<> ~ bil!~1 divef'slty. h Is a term used to;> descrIbe A IlIre" .... rlety and __
~
y~),\lity oflMol 1:r..inp B:$ well';n '!he ec.ologlal environment in _\'Ilch they QCrUr.

Tn,;,~ts ill ta~ "'.ie.y of m;eo..... S&nlsmS, plants line! anirNds. all around us. They all
depen::l on one.anotbfl".
" 8lo-diwnity Os ~ at thl'n! levels:
I. Gene".k diwasity; ~is is the measlolTe ut dlffefenoes be'twef,n;and within

ii.
...-.
Spa - s ~ thb men to a number o.-tIat.-I numbel" of spt;dt':s loa &tvef>
~.

Ill. £ocsystem di'Ver:slty: this Is the variety of tw~ within which spedei 0CCUf"

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 High mark:; in Civic Education (Fr;om Grade 10 to 12) I

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." 1hc! majority In z..mbla dep!:nd on the v.rriety of IoaIll"e5OUl"CeS in their _It'S whld'!
inc'JAdes pl.;tnts fO' vl!N"\ou$ purposes such as ""its and leaves whkh act as I loO\lrI:e of
toed. Apal't fron'I plants. human beinJs also depend on anllmlls. fish atld b1r1!s
P!anb and i1nlmals .. re not only Tas II so.urce of food but also for oonstr\lc:tIon
,.........
.;' Vll:ious bioloslal resourca suctl ilS mk:ro-orpni$nn,.,.e usec:lln the prepal'lUon of
medmnes
,J' It l!l~ :r'Wntalns e<:oqklf billarK:e
.;' rt is also lesthetiC Ind rec:J'1::,,:::IOflil! vallle

.;' Land use c:onflkts between humans and animab

.;' Development of s~r.iel,,,",ntsandrl!:lilted i1nhrities
.;' Oefonatation
,/ Poflution
.;' Lad!; a! bio-cIiYer51ty lmDwledge by \:he pu!)lk
G""'"

.;' ElIsuriOC colUefVltlon of the n.ilbJnlIl e.;o.;ystem through iI network of iI protected

~,

.;' e"nservadon of the Senetlc: dIversity of c:rops and IiVtitod:

.;' ImPf'O"ement of Iegl;ol and Instltutlonal ffllmewort lIS ....ell as h"man resoull:e
developrrooent to .impl eo ,..., It <;OnSo!1"VltOOn Sb atesles ..-
.;' Dcvelopml!!nt of an appropriate lca:al frameWO<"k Cln the risks Involved In the use: of
l e ~ modlfied orpnlsms (GMOS)

GlOBAL. ISSUES

." Global Issues refer to all t:ho:5e de. dopml:lltS and problems whId> affett the
welfarl!: of the people ifIlln the c:oufltl'les•
.;' Due to rapid dlNelopment In mass communlc:atlon. tnnsport sopUm and othet"
Meas oft«hn~.the WQrid his become small and "",id to be a Slobal viBaee.
.
PrPparNl by MIss.. M. M3dtlJ.a (RA EO) and Mt_ Su.a.onga
,
 HiWt marks in Civic Education (From Grade 10 to 12)

In _slob8twl!l-se, tlme 8nd sp_ has been ...clUC'ed, hence, J~etlonS depel'ld
on e8Ch othel1or s.urvlvaf .-old p....._. hence the tern! ~Iw(lo...
~ Thetemtl1' t r tfo!lfI'IelU'ISthe:t:I'IC'JCIl1Oeof_~5OdIttTirlwhkh
eeollOl.lk,. ~ 1tI'IWlran•• te•• tlIl. and c:ukurIII e'lOtfttlln one pwt of the world
qukldy come to hlIve ~ for people in other plII'ts of the: world.
~ G!QballQtlon Is the re5ult ofadYance5 In eornmunkatlOll. tran5pootadOn. al'ld
In"'" •• ,.-don technoiosln.lt dew1bes the iP ewn,. economk" poIlbl.
~ , a n dcuttural11nbIa that connect ItldMduaJs. communltle5•

~ This me_ the!: .... ea " o1lilt ...... n.tlon'5 we"'"

.'
depe•• dI on thededslorls and
poIdes of otMr a:atton5_
~ tt-.bo n d tbattbe df.'II! olonee:auncy depellCb ex! die goocb and 5eNIces
offt;.el! by «bes" c.auntries. For _rnpIe, <teve:1oped COUi.bles get .... rnabert:Iis from
<k.ek»pill& ce:u'b Ies of Afric:e Nke zamtJlII (Coppert. while the 6eveCoplns countries
.' find mArttet for tbdr raw matei1a1s In the d_loped COllntrles.

FOiWGNAID

~ 1lI15 re&s:s tDtbe lo:Jl:e>.oatioIlaI baasfeo offimds. pxh and -.rorias In form of ITan'"
iind k:ans 1ra:D ODe 00IUI'ItJy to W1ot1.er. Theft: lire two types of fore"n iIIld. BIIl1itenli1
lIIld muIl:!! .... aid$.

Bi late.'" 1I1d

~ Is ·shl :.'&om ..-CPn'rtry to .. oo;JtI"". (bet.Ut" twealUSlti5esI_1'OI" e><anpIe,

Zambta .' 'ues -'d fron'l cthef'f;OUlIa1es t:I'truu&tI ~ .'M
'et such M dte Jrl$h 8kI.
$IDA (Swed5ti IntRma'lSol\al De'l elapment Agenq1. USAIO (Untted Sqas Aa:enc:y for
IntemMionlll dd .elaj:A'leI1t).
,/ These • • ocjesdo ngtbelong toone country but 1TlWI'f- I

~ by Miss. M. Machi!a (H.A En) anc! Mr.SiIcaollga Page 107

 ,./ "ill
High marks in Civic Education IFrom Grade 10 to 12L

type m M1Sista'>ce rKeMed from intem<ltlonalagencles wtlkh cover m ..... y

countries such as "~Deve' ... ilEnt 8il1>Ic ~), Arab Bi»nk fOf" E.conomlc
-
DeoodoPOilEtlt {)DECAl, IMF (I~ Mo'iC;t/Ii t Fund)aod the Work! aank
ii.
,./ Many developinC countries lilu: bmbla would prefet' aid to come throuch a-5 multi-
bter;ll and not Si·lateral

NOn:: 80th multHilte'ra1 and SHater1lll aicls CClm(' Itl form of Br.lnts aod toiIns. The g...nts
and loilltlS may come In form mflnancia!8S$isUtlCe, Cap/QlI goods (like ~hirlery), relief
food and saillrcl /allOur (1U1mkalel!pl':rti$el.
•
.> Gl'Bnts: these are lifts from Intemaliorlallllenc~to a I~rnent orfrom one
govoen>mem: to another, and are not ~d back.
<. Loam: _ bai'sfets mfunds, soods and ~es fTom one flnanoctal entity to
which has to~ p3id back with in~Th~ iUre~ types r:Jf loans,
",,>(l(he<
hard \o;ln "nd soft loan. " hard loan is • loan given with condltlon$ 3ttac~d and is
repaid w/ttr high inbefest. While a softloan is a loan liven to ~ paid lrt ....... r<It:e
Of" has noin~.a1l
-:. Tied aid: refers to loans and 8ti1nts which hlJVe condition'< of use. Fore"..... p~, aid
is tfven on the condition that the d_country bl.1l1lb. military ba«e in the
.edpie:nt country.

International mult!=Jlltttll jn'<t1DJtfons

L The World 8anJl;

.;. It i'< "Iso kflown as the IntematioMl 8aflk for Reconstroetion "nd Develop:.oe
(IBAD)
.;. The ~-.urs_ irl W ~ DC (united States of Amerinl)
.;. It c0nsirt:5 r:Jf four """~ instit:.rtions:
a. ,nternatlonal Development Associ.lltiOll (lOA)
b. The int:ern;J;t!onal Fin"nce Corpon1ion (IFe)
c. The Multllater.>lln.ubiientGuarantee ~ (M!GAI
d. The Intemational centre for settlement of ln~ent Dispute'< (ICSlD)
.... The World 8enk openIles ~ with fynlb from member states. It Is the
l~ SOUf'Cl!!$ of developmel.t ~id and It offers two types of Io<lons as ......~
3. loa~ fOf"developlns rotln~ wrttl ftlsher income: IMD givatttis
loan to thewc countries and give them more tJme to i'eplt'f (is to 20
years) with three to five years crace period to pay th~ principal
(iKtUaI money boi 'Qwed wltho!.rt int~).
b. LoaM ~ pOQf' COUtltne'<: these are ~ to poor countrin that are
not worttly crediti"& irl the 1n1:erna'tkJn.;J1 flnancoal mart<et" ..nd c:wl

Prep<Jred by MiSli. M. Machila (B.A EU) and Mr. Sikaonr::J P""

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. High marks in Civic Education (From Grade] 0 lO 12) .
afford to pay back interest mteson loans. Such ioans are provided
with a 10yera grace period and are repayable in 35 to 4{) years.
iL The Intemationlll MOOelaIY Fund (IMF)
.;. IMF Is a spedaUsed agency of the United Nations (UN).
•;. Its aIm Is to regulate th~ intemational mont'tary system
.;. It controls fluctuations in the exchange rates of wood cl'rrencies and lends
money to countries facing balance of payrl'H!"nts deficits•
•:. It also offen; advice and policy ~ommendatlonsto overcome financial
,• proble.... and thus, often financial assistance to support the e<:onomlc reform
prosrammes.

~fthe arll\Jments fO{ and agal..... tforeign aid

There .. an ln~aldebate whetherf~ignaid hinders or promotes e<:onomi<;

(leve!opmentofthe recipieot third world countries.

Arguments fgr

.' .
.:. It prt:Mdes foreign capital needed by the recipient COUfltry Jo sUllplement its 1(X:Ollly
avalbble mv.estment n.. ~u~
.;. It providon. moC"efureign e.><ehange if tile loan or grant is investel in a protect which
prodUCl!!:S ot:qXIot products
.•:. It pl'Ollidoe'l; tw!!<M technology and Skills whk;h the Io<;al peopll!' ca.. later acquine by
meao:s cif n.....
•:. The Iedpioem:a-emmenteams more nwenue by taxing enterprises established wTth
the help of fuot:1w> aid and by participatIng flnarn:;aUy in the op"rntlons of these
enWpcbes
.:' FocxI rekf ~ famine In case of natural disaslX1r-. like floods, droughts and
earthqo 5 'bence, the prevention of malnutrition .
•;. ltalso pt '15 bllentationa! co-operation betweel'l the donor and recipient
countries..

Arguments "",.;,pot

.:- loam: l!lnd s:nmts "tied tattle dOl'lor' ha"e to be spent by the I'e< ipient country ~
buyin& &oods and sotn:kes from the (l0l'l0l" country. Th.."" good" are usually of loW<';r
'qu'ality. '
.;. Loans.and gr.Jrlt$ ~ toth.. project' have to be spent on the a;lre<:(l project by th..
donor country.
<- . m.. investments a'El usually extern..I"ed, "'I'd I ~rely invested in me
Profits fniii ,.;,••••
recipient oountl'V.
=u =
Prep;>.red by Miss M. Mloch>!a (!'l.A ED} and Mr. Sil<aon*, 1-"1.':" 10!l
 •
High marks in Civic Education
-7
(From Grade 10 to 12)
_0 , %"". • " 0 0 __

.:- LO'lns halle to be repaid with inter<est. The larger the loan the Larg.. r the doebt service
burden. The high interest OIl loans enriches the donors, whilst making poor co.,mtr>..s
poorer. ""'cl:'::
'.' Food aid may worsen food shortages <IS It tends to r<educefood prices, hence. kllting
tto.. food mart<etfor lout fal'1nf:r'S in ~dpie1lt cQUntries. lQCllI fanners may ai~
become lazy, hence, creating the dependence syndrome. This undennines ~1f-r('lillnu~
inlti~s.

•:. Food aid may be tied aid. The recipient country may hence to pur<:h_ certain goods
from donor country.
•:. Technicalasslst'mce may not alwar-; be benefICial to the needs of the recipient
country. It may reqUire the recipient country to bUy elCpensive machinery, later, spare
parts from the donor country. Thi$ a$Sistant:e mainly benefits'the donorcountry,in
the following ways: dooOl"cQUnt:'y eams more from-the Interest on loan repayments;
creates a marketror their eKpensille machinery and the spat'f! parts; creates overseas
employment for technical a~lstance (e><pert1l>e); gains an influence on the economic
and political sphel"e ofthc recipient country.

Intematlonal trade

.I Trade is the selling and buying of goods and services.

.I Ther<e are two types of trade, that Is, internal and external trade .
.I Internal trade is also known as h~ or domesoc trade. This Is trade within the
country.
.I Elctemal bade is also known as International OI"foreign trade, which i~ buying and
"",ding of goods and ~rvices between two or more countries.

ImDQ!'t;t!!l;e of intem3tiQl!~!:t;gule

.I Um:ven distribution of resour<:es: no nation has all the n;rtunll te:;ources to US"" in
Industrl31 economy. FOI" elCample, Iraq and Kuwait have plenty oil while Zamb4t does
not have.
~ C1lmaw diffefen.ces: varying Climate conditions do not allow the growing of certain
cfOPS. FOI"eKample, the temperate conditions of Canadll and RU554t lire not favourable
for the produc:tion of bananas. cane sugar and other tropical crops. Such nations h.......
to import these products.
.I Specialization' each country is spec;allzed in a g;"en line cl 'ndustriel: for a COtlntJ'V
c;annot be speGialized in all Sometimes, two countries may agree to specllllize arld
trade with eoch other If each country ha~ a ,le,,. cut advantage in producing a
jNlrticular commodity. Thls Is r<eferred to as CC)mparative cool: advantage. This take:;
place if the average cost of producing a particular commodity it> one country;s

Prl'p.3red by Miss. M, Machi!a (B.A "DJ and Mr. Sikaollg3

 ,
High marks in Civic Education (From Gl':'ldc 10 to 12)
(l . .
chellperthan In another:For 1rt5t~. it ... cheaper for Zambia to lmportCOiII from
ZImbabwe. than producing It at Maamba coal rrdne.
,/ TechfloJoglcitl d1ffef'ellCeS: some coantrfes do not polI~ me technologlatl tllpilClty to
produce certain ptodu(tS such as air Q'"3f't, motor vehlc~, mlntng; and Agricultural
madllne"'; and computers. Thus, a COl.I"'1 has to buy these fmm other COO~.
,/ Supplement ~tk Pro<tuc.1;\Or1: due hf6llloud deJnilnd. acounuy may Import to
addto the do>.M;,,* prodUC:!:Ion•. !or Irosla"",. CtoIna!s one of the me)oroll prod<lcen;
butstlH Jm~~~tqU;l!l~~~the M~~ Eart.
../ Earn f~ailge:Inte~4~eoables~..C QUntryto earn foreign
excto"t\P'·· )'\~;r-'
,/ P'OI'IQtt: Intematlonal co-ope:r~~~ep~ lntern~onalpeace,coopeflltlon
ilnd poHtkal fl1endshtp. Countrie$ may tOlltlnue wellng to ~nue for friendship.
. :J,.':t.~p' .J
IlOOTE, the most usedforelsn currencle$ls United States doIlaf", ~sh pound, Euro
~ ~
~d JapaleSle Yen.

Imporbmt term.!: In intemilttonal trildf:

T.mis of tr3de mearMe
rate at which ill country's exports Me exchanged for Impons
fJ!P' ~~~ntl"J'. These tenns depend on the pfkes of the commodities on ~
klimatfonal market. Favourable terms Q1'tnlde me"" that the prices for a country"s
......." ....... ret<rt1Yely tuahertf\8n the prl<:es for Its InlpO'b. Whlle: Ull1lNourable terms,
.d
,
~ ttloole where the couoWs exports are relirttvety lower than the: p<1~ of Imports.
Ibsodl, z.nbla has rnod unhlvour<lb\c: te:nns stoce: 1970:1 with the: rlslng prices In oil
a>d tnaehinery.

• ' e oftr3dtl Is the: difference ~ n tfte~ ofvlslble imports ",nd exports

_ '" patkular period. If the: vahle of vi$lble Imports. Is ecru'" to 1tle valu.. of ""port.
tbI:n ttle tnId4!: is balanced. H ~ , mo..wabl.. bablnc:e oftr3de is ...t'Ien the: exports
".., _ ..ds the vis&ble Imports: value. This Is tr3de surplus. Unfavourable billlltnce of
!nde. wbe<l1:he vi$1bIe: impoo<t_lue ~ds the exports. This is k ...owro as tr1Ide
do!&Jt,. VbIbk! e:xport produeu forzambla Ir>dude raw milller1als {Coppei'j. lr>Vislble
., I ts and exports include M:l'VI<:e$ such as Ins......nce. tourtsm, tnnsport lM'Id
ecpooJt.Il:e 1MKJur.

B ' .... of . . r"'W"ts, !;his ~ the differel'lCe In a country's spendlns (p;!lymenbj

aDd ! • • oiIl@;Sfrom expoo:ts and Imports. Thl$lneludes payments andeamlngs from
~lsIbk..-l1nvisibkImports and export:i ""hich should be bah!nced. When Z ~
speDCIs more fo: din e:xd'Iaoge to import th_ It re;ehto:s from f!XPQrt';, there Is
baliInI:e of payment def".clt. Thus, WI': stIy, thI':I"w Unfiill'Ourable balance of payments. On

F.o<piU~ ~ Miss. M. Machila (RA ED) and Mr. Slkoolllla Page 111

•
 High marks in Civic EdW"'.ation (From Grade 10 to 12) .
the od\et' hand, ltItlen zambia rece~ ~ fOi"".
~#frorn expo.u than it
spends on impoo1:klfl, then thef'e Is baltnc:e at pa,hlentSI.M'Jl'luS. Assuch wes;sy there Is
f2lVQurable balanu of paymenu.

World T!Jdt Orxfn!ation fWTOl

,/ Is . . &,t.e...... tfoIl., 0fF"'I1zatlon thlIotCS-.. wittt global rvfa: of trade between natiQM
,/ It regulates tr3d<t between COU"tri~
,/ It was estabI~i1'11995 ll) replace the seneral1lgl ~ ",!'o,t on tartffs ,.00 tnlde
IGATT}cl1.947.
,/ The wro h nQta speci3llzed ageneyafthe UN, but!s has co-operation arntngtments
and works cIosr/ywlth the UN

Fwnctior>:S gf the WTO

./ Helps t.ral:le flow as free as ~lbte tl:V redl.JClttg aod evenwaUyellmfn",UQ& tattff:J
(~ taxes) .nd otbef banieT:S Impo:Sed by varicIus n3tlon:J•
./ sets: Itnl~ for teUu.atjnglll'tefrnltk)nal troIde
,/ Inte.pA:U tr.lde .,eeillClltI ",rtd lmpllrtllllty :S<lttle:: tntde dlsputes between natic.n:J. n
.'lerves ;)$ a neu~ Intematfonal forum f<w debating ~d 5ettIma trade disputes-
,/ Organl$e$ tnlde negCltbnions among Its members

Prlntiples of wro

,/ Non-dl:scrlmlftatlon:. CCliUnuysflould nQ!: cIillc.rimlnZlte betWeen Its tr.K!lna

partn~.. lrild!na par1;l'\l!r:5
are l!IB fP'8nted the mostfavourrd naticln (MFNI S'tl!ltus. A
counby shcluld not alsQ disc, iilllnl!lte ~ee:n Its own and foreign products, servlceo
or nationals. AJl are ~ual as membe:t's.

--
,/ f~ tr.Jde: there should b. frft: Inde _d l!Ift t:racIe barrlen should be reduced

,/ Pn!dlcI3bUitT- fore'sn compan/e$, In\rC5t:lJo s "'00 l~mme"t5 should be confident that

hI1ffs :lIm1 <Jtl'I817ade b¥rle:t'S will nClt be nfsed ar-b!tr.Jl1ty. Tarifb: and Clthet" man.et-
openlttti: comm!trrlCnU are bound tn the WTO member $t3tes.
,/ CotnpetjtIon; there $hOu1d be nofree competitioo, in lntematlon<l.l tr;tde. Unflllir
pr.tCtK:es such ... ao;pch't $UbsId~ lInd dumping ~uet$ at below cort to pin inl!I<1tet
shllrt:: ,.re d15COU~
,/ Spedal privileges for- ttoe =s _loped ~ : the trlldIl'IS ~ should be more
beneHdal for leu developed CQ.....trles (lOCsJ. Thl" 10 _ by ~ ........ ~ la
l!IdJu$t IntematiorIl!II NIes of trilde.

Stnlrture CIf the wro

I're!> =tl by M1ss. M.. MlIIChll:> (RA F.UI and Mr. SUc:longa Pase 11
 High marks in Civic Education (FrOm Grade 10 to 12)

"
~ t46 "b,ltlet COVl'tI1e$ end lis ~ _ "
ill Genevll, S~d.
The WTO ors- Include Use council of Minl:sbtn (COIn"Ie' ce) which mee1;5 ~ve<y CWl>
~.rs; the ~ ~ touneI. wtlktl...-a sill tlmes 11 ~ so:ctor CDUrIC\b. and 1oe.cnd
COfJtmb::es.

" This OI'II:iJtllutioo'l is refern:d to as 's dub for the lith".

~ OedsIuoo made by the WTO an: stoto-OIly ~ ...d SUIdecl byltloe fntef'eSts of the
drvelopcd COUO'ltt'k!s sueh o:G the united St8tes of A ~
./ Alttlough 1:I\e WTO ~ in dCmoc;rutkend consensus In declslon·...... irlg, ,,"s
doeoleloped countries IIlfe ItGtJJyen ~ oppo..t ....,ty

Detrl: crisls Is 3 sItUation whe'" ,. country boo IOWl beyond Its ClifMCIty to pay blx;k. o..-lopItlg
h."1Wddltatsis ~ ofgb':7bation imd dependen«. 8y the end of 2004, zoom. had 5.S
!:ll*- USduelns ctedltfnxn IMF IInd theWcrid Ba.... ~

C;lmnClf*tlt; W!;§ lrl Ztmbia 't'.

~ Fl:Wli*"EaiIIdtioi'a1=~:i;~otles~nanati---~.
I lS_che7pfy WtIOleb'lpoitswew:ry_pensNe.thus .... u:s!ftLba.. ~

at P i t defidt ...,;
~ DoIM sa. dog:; I1lb Is ttloe pl o<:es5 r:tf peyl"S Intelllst on outstaNIlntl: 10_ wtakh ...

u. ,_
_ d debt. Thls....-e.,. could be used to dewclop tfte country. FM cx.-nplc., In
~z rh Ut yn mill..... US ~ .... debc: o.c=o.ic;'''S while In. educ~ secUlO',
oooAr 2Zl i111ioi:Aed.
~ Sf
lA
e •

..
r
"-"'s on cc:",umptkln:

~
I of Ihb"ndt:d
~ "re IISloIl'lly diverted to bllf consumption
proJeeb. h:moe; .. ClOUtttfy tt.s ~ bon'ow lYIOf'* to ~

_.....
./ F • e C , p1cII!Sfrom197Oi~11bef.I:Ioo,---=asex>ppG'i F>ric-~conUr>uoed
tD ,... . . I' , end ~ import prodos« prk," keep on Increuln". WItto
• 1 _ .. ~ " 8 CO\lntr\f:s ha$ m~llte lambl" to hevr mor'Cl ~fupes to

Oo:!nl 7 C '7 '7 't 1..""bdoogrcz'Ctl'hfHtpQlnft",,,vs

./ n t i l _ .WOO'td e:enk..-d IMf ~ lIfmoe6 et nldl.K:k1s the dIlbt bUfden of the

Wulld"s, exw"bks:hat _ unable to..., t!>etrdebts. l1s lnftbltiwo "-d the
f • S ..... to,"'"'

Prc;paed ..... M Mafllla (B"" tm) ;l,nd Mr. Slkaonp ''age 113

..
r

High'marks it; Civic Education (From Grade 1U to lLJ

.. Red:lCe tlle huge debt burden of tt1e WOlid's Hlgtlty Indebted poor countrfes to
~ustalnoJble Ievds(1e\Ie1s that the courrtrles could manage to pay)
Il. PrO¥ldefu~tOt' po'f;rtr~uctIon In fom!. of debt relief to alJow the htetrly Indebted

coontrl~ toflmu'lCe the poverty rt:dllctlon programmes.

lit. However to qu~ify for lilP'C 1nlt0ttve, t!'Ie following are StI\Iet\I",1 Adjustment
PI CJCI ammes oondftIons by IMF lllld WOl1d RaW. had to be considered:
.:. Prillatlll'J state-owned entl':l'Jlmes
-:. Ufl: ~n:s on forel&n In.CSb...... t toextemallze profits
.;. Reduce lu tltrtff Ni I le< s(o;ustorn duties) to encourase Imports
.:- FI~ Its excnance r.rtes 50 th;rtthey,,~freely determined by the market
.:. Impose ~ fiscal and monetary polIde$ to control spendlnl by wage
fyee~ and ~ h ~ emDkryfles
.;. Rei;:ox Iai>our laws proteetina: woncers and empkJyee:s
~ ~ contr-ob on po1a:s and witl\dmw subsidies even on essential
commodities
V Non:: zambia qlUlollfied HIPC if'lltlat:fw: In ~e<N>e~ 2000 end 3..8bnUen US
CSoIlars "'i1S cancelled.

"IPC ComPlctfon Point QenchmHks

To ~ the HIPCcomplet!on point". bmbl3 had to ~et thoe foilowlng conditlons or

benQ1mar1<s:

.:. Pl:werty Reducdon

l. Improve pcv~ database
it. Adopt the PoIIerty Reduction S~iY Pape-r(PRSPI
1iI. F'n!Hnttbe first PR$P P'Oi'(SS report
-:- Education sector
L Implement the edlM;atlon SflCtor .eform
Il. "'~iI5eshare of eduaotion In Itoe budgrt to 23%
lit Re5tructure the pay and benefits of te~1"$ to ~ ~ teache", to
W'OI'k In NrallrellS
Iv. Il;el'onn the basic. edUCIW1 cumc:utum to Improve ftNacy, numeracy
and (ommunf~5kllls

-:- Health sec:tor

I. Adopt I ~pc: ~ f(W H.... 'od AIDS
;1. " Implement the ~trlteg1c:fr.!lme....oo k for HIV and AIDS
IlL Imp~mo!'I1t and scaJe up the ActIon Plan for Malaria ,~_.tl.".
iv. Implement Health SeeteM Reform

PrepaRd by M~ M. Mad>lla {BA En] aDdY..-. SiIlaonga

,
• "'n' ,
High marks in Civic Education (From Grade 10 to 12)

~ WlltIlf: sub-Jettor
L Rel'lablllt3te o.lI'ban W3t!!t" suppty sysl:l;i'iS
<00 MllC'O~
L flnailse t:oe ~ 01 the lMnbia Elecbldt, S<;ppty
COo pot""'l(Z!'SC'D).1be zambia N ~ Com~ Bank (ZANAffi)
nncl o:flers.

NO~: from 200D to 2005, zambia stn:glIed to rekh tfM: HIPC point.. There WOlIS wag~ ~e
for the dvfl servants cluf1nI thM period. Tl'lus, It ,ellCbrtc the HIPC completf_ point In April,
1005.

Bc"ffiq of the HlPe In!tf8tiyc

• Debt re!fef ful1ds: the money was spent on ~rtv Reduc;Uon proll'llm,06. There -..
rehabilitating ~ r e sl,ICh 35 coi~, sc:hools, health~, bI'fd&e'.s and
-U.
• '-do'C"'d eotei ,1&1 6ebC payment Iewb: If ZilmolN h.:l not reao;hed tflo!, HlPe polo:. !r
.euIcI hzvc been IcIsJl'lJ bet_u:" 4SO-6SO mQon us dcllan pe<' JeII'to s ~ the
debt. Hawc.cr, that -.nountteduo;el:! tg ~ 1.OQrr.n:ton US dolars pet'"ye.., -'" 66
• lper'Pear~r2006to2Dl~.
• t ''''ij,lntltetotaoldebtst:Dd<:thIs Is tt>e~_oI
I .6eMor~. ,,_or;,
n 5 • thus., ZMnblll'$ 1'elSuc:ed.

COnrta- . . dw HIPC h r 'a

~
•
~;~!.~'~'~"~.~ld1t stud< may not due to contIntKd bol, Goring. Z.nbla ....
00::1;\,1(
if bomlwlng from O1lna .od h'MRa to meet the cOI.Intry's chefle~

• '" PI, Sil of ¥:bt re\Ief resource:

7

• ~ Dill .. ,.& ~lgnty:the 8011e.omt'...ts of HJPC countrles have IItde say on tt.-
~ - ' eeonomk: reforms sl1o\rid be Implemented to meet tne reel needs of
tM • l i t . Tblf, Undel ",Ine=: U1e nation's ~eljJnty.

Ml"'" ' Ps . . <,sntGoftlMDGi!

". a..e . . .= t •.., '--pEs by wMch dc.etcpmesotofCOUO'ltlies Is measured.
". n.rvWBlll:~. Ullt Uc>fted ~dI.rin«the Unrted NIltblS Mm-m....... 1.UITImIt m
SoIl, • .zooo liIObele ~ the 1119 UN _ ~ sbte3 :aaendetlllnd tweed toad'o~
the . . . ~ b'f~ year201S.

,bel. I.~tt I T&"'lC8)go;ds:

 High marks in Civic Ed;;cation C!rom Grade 10 to 12)

1. EllIdlcate ertrerne ~ and hunger by the 2015: the Idea Is to reduce by half tJf
the proportion 1Mna by less tf>3n 1$ (doUar) per ciay.
2. Achoe..e Unlvenai Primary Educ..Uon by 2015: this ~M boU'I boys and girls and
schooIgoln& age (seven) to c:ompIcte prlrnary school ed~ by 2O'.l.5
3. Promote: Ger'lderequality <Wld empower women: by 2015, altforrm of gende..- pp
in primary iNld S@C.oncbtyKhooIenrolmentshouldbeeliminatedby2015
4. RedUtt chHd Mwl3lily rate by ztUS: child mortality ~ of children under five
yeOl1'5 should be redo.Ke<f by two-thirds by 2015.
5. Improve maternal health by 2015: this me_ by ztn5. the n...... ber Of women
dying from child-birth should be redUCed ~ 75% or three quarters.
6. COmbat HlV end AIDS, Malartll ancI other Dbczles: by 2015, me ptan Is to ert$UnI!
that the spread of HIV andAIOs,. ~ and other kill.... dlsea>ol!: Is stopped and
~by201S.
7. En'sure environment:al sustooinabiUly by 2015: the plan Is to ensune ,hat Is an
i!'ttep adon ofdw! pt1ndple of 5USta/Tlable dcvelopmem into the country's policies
..,d programmes and ~ dw! toss of enotknnmentresources sUCh as toren by
2015. Also,. to reduce the propottlo:' of people wll::hout:K<:e5S to safe ci&1nklna
W3terat least by half by:wm. "Oloene should be .. S<UOlfiQnt lrnptovtment In the
lives of l1I: least 100 million slum lsbilntycompoo.ul<t) dwf:1lerJ ..... k1 wide.
a. Develop a global pait:nership for deuol;!Iopment by 1015: thIs Is to Cl"ISure un open
tradIng and pfi.n.clple system that tneludes commllmentto good gOYemance.
deve&opmentaod po erty. ~uetIon bod1 at Na1ionalanlf intemadonallevels. In
"ottIetfortteveloplnt countries to dew:Iop, developed c<':Iuntrles are reque:sted to
SUppOl't thetnthrough aid, iocreilse:d ~ relief, bette<" opportun~ fOlf tnde and
other measures.
NOTE:A1tftough the ft/.DG$ are blndlt1£'!tO 311189 UN memberstates,l!'1eir
lmplemenation depe,lds or< eKh country's resources; . .d polilfcal wil.

1. Povertyreal,lctlon
" Introduction ofpoverty neduetkln sbatq:, paper IPRSPI
..... Cre.lon of citizen's Kol'lOmlcempo ... ern"'nt c:omrnlss;e,.,
..... Pl'O¥'Iskm of subsldked ~"'e<" to 5UbsJs~fanners
..... Attr;Kdon of fore~n InvestnM!:nts and re-ope:n1nc mines
..... Creation of ecooomk zones

~ b y M~ M. Machlla. (RA fIll and Mr. Slluong:'l

 _.

Higl~ marks in Civic Education (From Grade 10 to 12)

------"'-_.__'-_-'-_",-0-0-"""'';;·;;';''''O"';';·''''''O;;;;O;''''''';;;';;;:J-:..~_"_
2. fdUl:iltlon $~or

./ lntrndue;tion ClIme ~Ic educ:::Jtior. from graCe one to seven (t·7)

". Introduction of Khool n: ell!. f ~to pe".1it pr~t glr!s to go
b<J(1< to Khool
~
SuHdlns mon! scttools..-d Increasing school enrolment
./ "J...u.inI and dep~entof mon! t>!iJCMf's i<'I baslt $ChooIs
3. Gen~r equallty;Jn(l wame<1l!mpowe'ment
./ Introduction of the ministry ofaender
./ lmplemen~at atr~e ktion po.'Icy In the selectloo 01 stv6en~
In colleees il'fld unl""""'Itie1l
•
4. Olild mortaUty
..r Uni_nilll vxc:lnin.:0tl of dllld~" uncIe,me 'I"!'~ lkkk out polio, dllkl
week P<OlS' ....mn)
./ Implementation 01 roll-blldl m..larta ptcgramme
s.. Maten>al Ioezlth
~ lmpl~nt3tlon oK cornpu~orr i1ntenaUiiI ....d postnatal heillth
pttl£rammes
./ b..~ of hmi"r ~ntrcand child Sp:ilt"" Pr'OI Qm <ne5
AIDS. ~......s otheT dlseiKeS
,
6.. Contbatting HlV ~d
Encou",,&e,,~ntatld imple~ntatron cd ft'ee ... o:unUlry «>unsellng and
tMtil'll(VCT)
J lntrodueUon of HIV and AIDS poor:rarnmes: at ptX~ of work
./ F~ indoor residual Cl<' hou~ sp'llyln! to control miliaria
..r ProYtslon of1~ mosquito nets 10 p<qnant w"""m.YId n"'-slng
-~.
7. En~;lononef!talSu:;t>;Ilnal)lllty

./ St>""Clhenl.,-.s the U1p1dty af'ld opl!'nltlon ufttte ~"lronmcnUoI"_ne;l

of 2'am~ (Eez)
J' Implementation of a" ....al Tree "13ntkoc I'rogno",mM
.,/ Enfordna Annuilll Us" Bans
a.. G1co;tl ;>~Ip for Due'o.....ent
'" ImplementatIOn r:st Antl-c:onvptlon polit.ies
'" ~~n;neat ttw! Human Ri¥hb Commfssion
'" 5mngttlenirC af p..-tnenhlp with reglar..' iIMlllltema'l:ionai
orpnlsatlons such 0" SADC, COMESA,. EU ....11 AO' IAsia. Cltribbean ..-d
P'<K:ifk1 countries

" , ""
[':ay,r 11.

•
 .. - ..,

. -," High mMks in Civic Education (From Grade 10 to 12)

FOU-OWrN(fQUESTJON5_ ... _ ....

,

PART!

J. A. ~ cilia-a. has tu pos~ ~&1 qu&1iti~" "v-cb .. p,"rvV'CnDn'. \""~t does this quality
duu.u1?
A. lI~yin&(onc:-..... fur the wdJ-bf,inr; uf olbezs
IS. WllUn:pns tu .bid<' by la...,
-c. WUlinY'~tu .t\I:'Blpt5t''nal
tUa.ts to «eolnplish wort.,,--,,'hik ~l$
D. WillinlV'~to~><rrti:w tht: risht to yotf- hon"tly
2. ..••.•..•.•••.•.••.• 8ovr=mmt ... hie'h is lC'3itioa~. ro,.petlml. ~ ... iIInd ~~
t""".In <ig.h'" and rult of ,",w.
A. l)ict:flonhip
8. lA'gitimlOCy
C (.ovcrmut('
-I). Dfomncr.:u:y
3. \\Ibkh uf the.... cw.ssific;otlon of 8ub!l~(~, di,lort'I! the WAy !hc be;,;n lr~n.. J.t(,8 impul!lCs
or "'''''''a"
from tl", M'nsGry O'llat'l/ pnWuc'inS~n.:,pt\lalch.... g~
A. Slitnula<l1$
1:1. Opilltn
C Solvpn!
- D. HalIlI('ia.ns
... \V1'IlI't do ...to call the t)'P" 01 cultur'r thAI is nOd-I,,-ed ~nd u"W1l!y OD hij;h d,ma.nd,
"f"'CwJy i11l11Onglhe youth.
A. Synthf'1:M: cuItun'
8. fOllk naltart'
C (,'oun~r co~
D. Popv.b.rcutho,n,
S. 7..:abia i.nf~n!OftVi<'en _ .."-'UftploP at
A. l:J ..... lmn;c mMia
- 8. N_" A5t'ncy
C mnt mf'dia
O. 1'ri..." ... <Pdi<>
6. Cmupl> of "'.80u~ th<ot ...... "f".,ad to bP' put tor;o"d..·t in oron IDJ" _y lam> uf produeti<.on
to taklP pax.. caUo'd.

--------------_..=="-=..,------------_.._-'."."~~ ~
ar'r

Pr"I""'·.! by lollS$. M. M:achiJa [B.A t;U) "rod Mr, SlklIo",:a l'a8<' 118

,
,.-,'\,,'
. -,
_ _ _.:;H~lglih::..::m:::a::r.:ks:::..:.in::.;;C;:.i"'::-;;.c.:;E::;d::;u::;ca::ti::-::o::n..l(.:.F;;r(:~lm:::..:G:::r;.:a::d::e,,1::O:..t::o:..:.12:;)I.-
__
C. Human resource
D. UboIU
1. In .vhich }'I!"ilr was the i:nlemaliomal Convention On the dlmination of all forms oj Racial ,-
discriminatio<l ..dopU!'d?
A. J9f>.3.
B. 1964

-
C. 1965
D. t.%6
8. . .i$ a measu«: of inequdity or diff."."oce in MIY .aspect 01 soda-
erorwmk status of men..
A. Gc!nder I,quity
8. Gnldct Cap
C. Positive di!icrim.ination
D. Skno-typ<l'
9. Wh~ Ih(:tt is pe~ t1wrr is .
A. Freedom
B. Abs "e of po"/erly
C. A~ofwar
D. JU5ti::r
10. \\'hich rowt m zambia handle.; cases of Human Rights violation ..~nst peopl" living
with H1I AIDS?
A. HIgh ma:rt
B. Loeal o;oun
C. M-S»d ' COOlrt
D. Supocaw:: court
11. Namt: Ik type of marriage th..t ~ df':$Oirno,d as ·on" without a kgal standing right from
--
the WA; ,"q.
A. A~=-ri3ge

B. C~maci.a8"
C. 5tatl;lloc'y ~
D. Void~~
12........•.•.__ ...•............. .is a group of plants and ;ltnlmah otturrin,:: tog"thc. with the
physical ~vircmm.en.tin wbich they interact.
A. BicxLi~-en;t)·

B. Cultl:Jre of totems
C. ~m
D. S ~ divenity
13. Th~ I<ind of constitution which;s not mmpfl~ in onf' ~inglc bo<Ik b callt..-d ..... ,..... ,.
Prepa~ed by Miss. M. Machil~ (BA ED) and Mr. Sikaonga
•

!
f. -
 High marks in Civic Education (From Grade 10 to 12)

A. Fkrible constitution
a. Rigid CQntltitution
C. Unwritten «>m<t>tulion
D. \!Ilrilto:n constitution
14. Which constitutional ~vicw coou:nission ~commended the es!ablishm.cnt of the on..
party state?
A. Cbona constitutional R~iew Commission
R. Mung'omba Constitlltion.aoJ Revi"",,· CommiMion
C. Mvunga Col\8tibrtional Review Coounisswn
D. Mwanakalw1:Conslutional R<'Vif'.... CommisSion
15. A good constitulion should br legitimate. This. mt'..kJ the fontent of the docum..nt should
he .•.•......•..
"
A. Accepttd by parU,nnent
8. A~pted b-y the peoplt'
C. Approved by the Judiciary
D. Approv"'d by tlle Pl~ident
16. Chirnhala ;> pupil of Kasal.:l High Sd>ool "";IS fa«c<l hy his fri"'nd to test a suhsbnft'
Which made him feel warm, wh~ in reality he lost heat. 1N'hkh substance can lud In
hypothermia;u sta~d abov,,?
A. AJoohol
H. Cocaine
C. Heroin
D. Tobacxo
17. Whi(h depaltm"nt und"'r th.. Anti-COlTU.ption CommiAAion monitof" and invuligates
v;llu.bl", such. illI nlOn.. y Of items coming inlo tll., country m"'gally?
A. Ant~monp'y laund ..ring unit
B. Drug Enfon:oementComm;ss;on
C. T[omspllrC:ncy International Zambia
D. zambia N;>tional Tender Board
18. Whkh in"urance polkr is compulsory to all mQtorists?
A. Aviation iJuuran~
B. Lif" Assurance
C. M.,'ine insurance
D. Molor vehicle insurance
19. During the trial stage in th" cdmin;d Justice p,oce&~ tht ddendarot w;ls told to Ilut:"8tion
th'" witness pn:sented by the pr'OS<'ft!tion and to e",,,.mi"e his 01" he. Own witne'~I. lA"h..1
right was he n~ising?
A. Right to Attorney

=~~~~====----_.'-""
Pr"l"an,d by Miss. M. Machi!:> (B.A F.!)) and Mr. Sibonga Page 120

<.,'"
 ~

___.:.Hi::"g!l marks in Civic Education (F""~Dl Grade 10 to 12)

19. Dmi.aI u..: trW. Hasr iI:I. the ert-'-,I J_d<lt p". doe: ddtIO.s-I _ lo!4 tu ~Iioe
the ~_ _ pna'llcd by lite pt' adiva ....4 to ~~ t:... 01" bel' own w~. Wh.t
rlsJatwa be''XdU5l!t&?
A. Ript ID AUomey
8. Ri~ to SikIl«
C. itlpt 10 delesld _ I f
~. Jtjp.! IonaMju -.:l: a..-. _-
20. WhX _ thDd of ...... "'ct rell(>hl,*- wo.ld JOlt hneapplkd to lIIettIl! doe d.i&pa~ behiiau
iI po1kll' offiz:ft UQ OIl blIs drioru who ~ b:Ued. b ~ iI dispUIIf bd'w ~~ u..e.~ha

oyrrl~offal«?
A, Arbitril1ion
B. Cou~W"5
-C. liti&JItion
D. Ma:!h1ioA
21. Vt~dothe Iettl:r'llARVatand tort
A. Ami- RttoYnJ VlrM
B. Anti- ae.rJd.w ViJue,
C. Azlti- Rdrovbal ViJUlj
.... A1tti- Rdro- Viu.)
:12. WheI:r. a Itt&&,g;:l 11 iondlblg OIl dUkt'. piWa, >naJdng the dUld fondk Uae adtltr5
rib" ""'" harios.uuaI ia.k~ _lib '"' dlild:ill <:aUedl
A. 0iJd cldiieml!OD.t
B. OtiJc!pmslj1li11mt
C. QUJ4 ser;W iaanM...... t
a.~~lt

23. Aa:w4b:>s to the Ull.i"tIenwd l>t!clilr,uiun of HIll." rll~tJ ,J child it an, petllOft, who i4 ...
A. 15 JU'3 ;md below
D. 16 y _ Uld belo...
C. 17'f'UZSoI::Ildbelow
D. 18 r-lUd. below
2l. \~ are fW"""O",l dL. ~
A. Eo....
B. 'FWncu
C 'Jtl""ftment
P-_
25. hi 2..Im:lbU,. P=t m of our ClD".eltu.don ;" ri81d. l1lill nu:. ....
b. It"''iui:Jlesil~
Ek It~ti=I-.e Otb'cl ....)ority
 c. J~~mdtutK-W1wri~cooslituoon
D. It. said to ~ writkl> (Il ,hutiun
26.
....
wi.m. a romtt.7 ~'" U.-.cl NnIoCIo Un_ Ri&htll F:i:st OpLionaJ PToIOQ)1, it ';J.~;IIlIS

4. I1 tw. ~rl. to a11o ... indiridlla.il IX> «:mpWn to the Human Eights Commltk'<>
provided lbey "",hallS! a.l ~ntiJ:I in their own (Vlll.try
a IINs ;II~ to ff\d~ fonns (If Hu.-n Rigkts ...Jo~t>on in. thiot('l'u.:>b:y
C. Ita.... -&etd to include Humom Rishtli 'as..a in the conttita.ticm otlhd.t nllUltry'
D. It llas .not ~g:eed t(o mdtt<fe Hu_ >ish- U>,r" in 1:11.0: ee->tituti<m. uf e..~ COlUl.try
"D. On Ko2m..b'8 birthday, Gcotfnry offen:'d b.tr"~ hill riSllb u • birthrl.,y p"'tHUt but 1!Us
...all rtot pO!lSiblc ~ll5e Ho.unaeri$hb arr :••
... IQ.lie-NlbIe
8. lndl,,;~ible
C. Jllkrd~n~t
O. Un;n'~1

28. il I,'Qmpont'nt of (.'\Iko", wn.lclt"" 11 ~ocid""ll

perttptk>n of '"~ ill <;on&>d~,,.,i
bf,;wtlhl bo art;md in ~n. Utnd.k.Ue8 w!lata ac~pUb~ OCa.p?caliDI5 t~nI.lbu\·•
... A~thetiaI
8. EdllCltliun
C. 1..mp!~,lIt
U. ValUl'3 i'l\d attitudes
29. 0 . of tbe t"oU(JwinS art:tclts f"undamel\tal Jlia.hts ad 1'reed(J.a> C'Ovt«<:! in z.a.",b"" Bill
Qf R.igbts., Ncm-dtropNe. Tt •••••• _ .
A A:dic:1e 1£"1"I0.. <t1on tro.~O!P:r:opol!
B. Artide 2Z. ProteetiGrl of ffttdOl'l of m~lDCl1t
tI1 J\.Jtid::- l~ f'nI~lJon of nJ!Jhb to lift"
D. Artldt" 1."1. J"I:o~tioD of the lUgh_ of li"ersortallibcr.y
30. At :r....... ~ eo......
lid..to:d Coppe:- )'11nr. thI! ....I-put !'Cl" ~ pu- )JCriod of tim.. haJI
I!;UJUe $0 10....· that pn>d\&di;:ln of copper ha!. ~ fJ"CJ 1. 000 mnric tlIfUl~ UP thn-r Ol
hlll\lh1l!d !5f1O) IlI.rtrir tonnQ. What an be do.... It> impr.:",c this ~itwltio..1
A. 1)J.rt> all warkel'8
-ft. improve working llmldlt!oD.5
C. R~e:t~amtsoola.rits
O. Ilrln-.odl-.... workers
31. A pt"TSOn C'O/:I:UIlitI:ig:> aUnt" pedOftU an actioa. forn:.:>nlpk. in a. lItuni...,~. UoCT': is
killing. Th~ eltment in LatiIo. is •Aa<a$ RDos' meanin& ..
A.. Crim.e
C.Offtnce
 Hiemarks,in Civic Education if'.!?m Grade .. _
- C. Ph Yllic:al ..·t
:c~!~ ~

D. ViolEnCe
32. The ""lcd;ion pass ~k for girls in Q>.. tra! Provinn: iIIt Gndt' 'l, 2lHl 5«'lect\~" W;lII
rdilt!,"eiy b.\sh.er thiU't that of boys h~ otdtt tu eIlCOlll:aj:;e f.~m.J,1e !?"rtic": ,...uon in 8~bool
This poUq ilIlrnown:lll .•..•••.••.•
/".. Aili.-aulti_ actio",
B. Affumlilti,,~ polky
C. Nf"''"miltiVr: p~
D. Positi"o!' segresidioa
33. AtTholf'lo Jiipl Sch,.. 1,. p ..p113 sit on. tht: bt..Iaro in Il:&ki:nr, d>.-cid,m 1h;d. millY .d~:t t,"-"".
Ul!der W .:on~tion (>.Q rishb olf clt"Chi"kl: (CRO. t!t~ prindp~ is lwo"'n ..... _"....
A. Nc:a-disnUd....·1"n
Eo.. l"Btirip;ll:1on
C. Su...-rivalnd aev~:klpment
D. Tt-..e beltt lntere8t of the ('bUd
34. Or. wbngnnmds <:an ~,cd tit4eo bt' lltl'ippr:ll uHh4 orhe'"!'('~Ii:wwsh1p?
A. Vl'MU lie or s!w ooll:Ullits;J. misdem"anolml
B. ~.. heorllm,~t>elSnot~ytiu:
Co Vt1loen k 0:' SM dc!ddn. ID many m the hot;t oo.mlry
l? WMn~_sMre<dve8atit1e&o,.. anothnoountry
35. If zua.bb. adopted il Fifty plus ~ {5O ..n &yW::m of dedkm, whkl' OIoifuatiolt belt''''' will
al!fw.~?

"" Mo.... QO CUldidalr aeb ...o~ tIyn 50%

B. ¥\1Iell a CllndJdate do not con@edh\,",.,krtion
(~ Wbr!l. MW ea."ldidate gm mote thUl5O%
C. w-. .. ~t., P 'IlIllm: than 60%
36. zambia b.~7J e'.hnk groups ""'Cl O~ tl~ (!.) maj1l>7 IWUgio'»W\. ThUt is why;I" Ni::!
to ~ .. __ __ .
A Extt• ...,ity ccltuJ:eo
B. ~ 0I1tlU'e'
~ lielt:w...~jty reitu.w
D. H.o:=ose-ity cult:>xe
37. In IJl<)St Afric.aD CUIl....lrleA.l:hen> b<llIl>een a.1ot of .,..>1<'.. ~~y. WJ.at is lh" re_m olft..
gi\=l by ~pie fw lWl wotiug iD Ul electi<'>ll?
Ii. l.4s:oI of amfido>nce i .. dt!ll:UXnICy
B. V0tiD3 emtth... Dd, politidans
C. Voting ~ for developed unmtriell
V. Voting ill sood
'_=~"~red~~"'~_~~'.~M~_~M::-:~~.~'~"~(B;:"A~ED~)~"~""~M:::'.~S~_~~ "~..
~··_"----~----------·;e:""'=~';n~
 38. l"elitic21 can-nJ'tiOn .... pmn'l1 to ~ .. ~ry H'I".ou P"*1Pro UIlOa3 polllid--. ""'ltlcb of
tho: fanO.... ~llS nut a aUR of COlt'Uptiml?
A. f.n"0<U3:l1)r conditi_lOfwod;
B. 1.Kk ofpoUtiQ! will
C. Lenimot pwtisJIJUDt 6,w off=dcl5
D. Pffllo=I~.-taDd ~

D. l'l'~ at ~ C/)O!Ipouay lite vtTJ' ~ woafcinB u.d _. _vlt,. the CODlI>OmY h,., bad ..
V~I'" high produdi.ity ,1Dd a Jotol800ds. Th~ attltud<! of workns ~ -. ex4l1ll[>le of..
A. Potitk.. <aOliv.ilm
B. .PIMiti.~ pn:oduction :.
C. :Positl~ ~~ .•
D. F0\9itive wurk cWtw~
_ Un4ft'the' Connntion ...... 1IlilI'tD.fto (CAT) tWC partles h.- ... obliptio.. to e<IJ2Idi:t.oo
pc-~1rMOn of _ . Whlrt dON the flum 'F.xlndit:o:' .Ul'l?

A. A cue- ill provoko:s tnIublC', IlUlsuorclliitrr""

U. To &ift" fora'to a law
c.. To h4D:f OVV;l forrlp oimhl.al to the"':1afI: Iorfrowc:utioll.
O. To atlrtl~PIlJ~d.ingzlapiut& ao.sopcct
n. A tJ.~a when: *
nl_ of tf:w, ('g-vya v1cl:l.r eq)<Ida ex0ecd5 tbc 1OIll_ of ID
riaib~ J.. -porta ia 1mu...-n;lS ••.••.•••..._

A. F"wourableballlllCtofexpod
B. Favouabk b ~ of:mpodli
C. l'iI'I'O\lr...bk baLma: olp;tygon:t
D. b_.:.bie b;;oJ;mao uf tntde
42.. ~;K'l1; U ~·tc~ untrdl..nd impodant to hWllAD affairn ~ dfovektp1n.:nt. Ai:Rong peilp" (If
4,ff~telluUc gmupioSS ..an' .. pod IlIc11tod ef pnr=otin~ P'C'-'
..... l:'orgi_
B. fri!.·l\ds.lLip
C lailnma:r'".&gl'S
D. K~
43. 0_ of the ClO~ fo~divorcor Ut both a CUlltQmuy :aud dvll marriage ~ .
A. Adlllcery a,nd l>&d rclaliou. with the ... -ta..s
S. ....htll«y.adn'Ueity. ... ,.•
C. Mutlny;oM innrtiUty
Il. CroltUy Md I w _
-.t. (~oaflinr, l<a .'\biaoh.- nep1ive.1y ....1lI1rdlD. ..... _
;I. Oeclint: iD apicullu.n:
n. Fonn.-ti.ort ot .. U~
.
 ,

C MOItIe' provilkd 10 P'"~_ma"'inl!!i ~mr,(l

O. r .. rritwizJ t'Xp=sion
0!05. Whnt Mr.Trma d~. the "iNstntM shartC his f'S1;l:tn attvrdin& to tA., Will kfl 1'lla
me~hpd~d..

A. Intl:&b~

B. 'le'ta\lf'
C. Tnl:ltor
D. Trstoltrix ·r... I
46. Zio,.."bid ~kd ",id frotll SW~tl ltuvugh till' ~wffiish lu.~~Vl'''~V>t
AgC'Jlq \SIDAj on ('onditio,,~ that it &lundd be u::;('d on buil<1itlg M:hoob.. ThU l)'P~ ot aid
;s alk'd .....
....
.' ,
A. Grant

B """
C. Mallil.ltf!QJ
D. T.edAid
47. Peopl~ liviug in ruroll i1nU ue Mid to li"" in e....tn'me po~rty all mO&t of them ClU\not
VionI. ~itiet" snch as (ood 'arid participzti<Jn in cc/1ltnunity a(ti,-ilirs. Wl'.ll.'h
penpectil"C is po"'CrtJ mC'~ 1IDder lhi5 ,ilZl.Hion
."- 1bAc ~ .•,
B. ~iHiy ~pmi",
C. Hu..m.an pcnprctivp .-
o lDcoQ-1' p<.T.Ipectivl'
4ll. I.. 2lpJ, ~l' gU'·Plrt...enl of ~ ltepublk
rnan_ dIl- ~b ..'l' -Luuu Road.. ThilI. is 11 good
04' ,.. ..
:lamb.. em1;>arUi! on
l'Xal'tp~ of ..
iI p~lIlnC' 10

A. a.....
8. ~Iaplneht
C- Economic d.. ,".,lopmenl
D. R~('~u. ....i Jlg

-*1. Zambia 111«5 .. bi& cbllenV of ao:atin3 jobs toT IJ\p _ y \Ine:.plo)'~ yoath,. ~,'
Or~mba BcdJ (Post NM"$p:lpf'T f<ebruary 19" • 2(11)
A. Dt-crnl:ntisi~3of peblic QWM'd nmlpilnits
B. 1.nC1"l';~ Bank mte"'st tab
C. !n<:n:iaIiC TA>: !oclon::ign inv~tors
U. !'roJD"Wlg ,mall e<:aJe and ~!kolI~ indusb'}"
SO. UIlcl:n- ~tlJr.oliHd <l:itinubip, tM comlitior. thlol reqtili"e gonns .Ip.' of p' .... tn...;,
<I:;lu"'......Jup _cl: tilldnf: ..... l):;Ith of . ~ to !fit (0Wtf!y of ""hk)~ or«-''iIlb'nc.k t.-
I>f'o<:ome;ll ritiz:e" ¥ bow.o "" •.••
A. Mani~.sf:
• Po.. '" • =.$ "' . " ..x • ~ ="
I·.lit' 11'>
 High marks in Civic Education (From Grade 10 to 12)
B. 'J1lc rul" of n's;denn:
C. The pren'qui.!-ito: ofttn:>ndation
D. r"" principJ" of decJal:ation o.n .. pn"scribt:d form
PARI2

.5EmON A (2Q MARKS]

Then:- a...,
twelve (12) q.-tion~ in this s"ction. AnSWC'l" all the q~tiomo using one word
.short ph..-au.

L Stak any two prescribed renditions lbat

citizen8loip of .. host country.
(a)••....................•.•.•...••
llI'

.. .
alien mm;t mttt in order to aequi

(b).............•............•......
Z. Menfion any mdhod appropriatec til;J.t lh" Anti-oorruptinn <'Omm"Uon uses in its fi;
agains1 cmn>ption.
(a) ....•..••......•...•••...•.•.••••
3. A body of representative!' dr.owo from a cro6~on of society to (orm:lbk or ch......,
the cono;ti:tu.tion is kno"''1l a:l ••••.••••••••.•••••.••••

4. Defme the tenn ·Socialisation· ...

5. mt
do any two <:a,,~ of conflict. "
(al.... . .
(b) .......•.....•....•.•...
6. Mention .....y two macro-flrumcial institutions th;,d you know in ZaJnbia
7. Why .. international Trade important? State any two tta50l\6.
6. Explain any two importance of the 2ambiM> Constitution.
~. Briefly e><plain one Ca&<: taw.

10. Capital. formation is Ule ball. of economic and Wdmological progm!;s in any sod
Suggeut any two factoIs that aJ"kct c.>pital formation.
11. Unde<'the marriage Act,.fflatiom.hips which "nter into a ...... rriage an' known as ..•....
12. n.., 1 D ~ and nllltrols d.in-cted ~ <1'nv;run ....ental conM:rVaU:>n and sUO!Itainab
utiJil;atiOl) of NSOlJ.t'C'eS is boWl) ;IS _•••••

$ECQQN B 140 MARKS}

-T'l:lffe veten (l0) qu....tiOJl8 in this sedion. Answer any five qUesti01Ui 01 yoitr~oi«".
,

1) ·-W. Explain the following terms

FiII<:aJ discipline. . _.....•.............•.•..
(b). C e n ~ plomning

Prepared by MIss. M. Machll" (B.A EO) and Mr. S,kaonga Pill(e 1~

 1

High marks in Civic Education (From

,
Grade 10 to 12)

(c). Developm.entpla.nning
(ii). Mention ;my two lew:.III ofcleft~t plening iD tl'tt county
(d). Why is it important for a munby to plan for ,1~lopment1
:Cl Bril.£J.y disnrl$any fourcbaractErllltia of HW1\D Rightll
3) (11) Define Poverty allevb.ti.OD.
(b). Slafeany th1'ee u.diakm ofp01l'erty in Zv,bia..
(cl, How can ~ rottlltl'y lib zambia alleviate pqvtrty, Stak three point/>.
41 Mr.Chi9uJ» died ink"statc'. His pmpel1y _ sJw-ed at shown below. ni& total elItate WillI
mlnilated at K30.ooo.ooo.oo. He left two cltil~n, hi. father and Oil(' dependant.
(a) (i). What is a teslatt: IlD<:a:$8ion.
(ID, In
p=cc:ntage t;h.;ot lIhew.
thk 9ituation where there is no sutViving spouse. what is gomg to h3ppen to thc
supposed IlO get.
tb). C4rlcuste bow Il'WW eitCh oftht followmS &et.
{i)Clilldren
(ii). Partnt
(iij).Drpendomt
5). Below Ban el<tract from 'TIle PnstNewspaperdated 15'" Febmary, 2011_
DPP yet to ",,8_ instructions in cop tre»on caR.
By Nam.at;maMwulia
11te ~ of Public l"'lw=uOO1l8 (DPP) b. not yet ~ instnJc:ticmB in a ~ of a 54
year Cold acClllled poli~ officl9' MaybinSikwa of housr ntu:llb~ 0156 Cbd"tone poll« amp
is ~ with treason contruy....._
"I'here are 2S peopk who NW: 60 far brezl charged wilb treason after du, alate enkTftl a
noUeproselj:w in fr6ped of 92~iU"old MutlrtwaMutntwa.
W. Drline the foUowiaS; bmn8:
(l).TtNson
(ii). NoUeProHqui
(b). Giv~ two eumple of criminal as~s tbirt!oltt non-bailable
(d Wl:t.;otdo Wl" all tht Director Df Publk P~cation's certificate Df instruction to romm('~

"""
(d). List the tfu-eepri=iplt'$ of SCDtendng.
6) 1'bD't Us bet:n .l lot of !IOcizl ~ in Zlu::tbia 5ltr.h ;16 chilcl dtf"dl!meQt ~ (hild
sclCUoill .. buse.
(a). Dlff~te~ child dt'fikm~DtMId (hlld ~ llbase.
!b). MtII" '" two factol's that wonld be 3Urib~d. to the m..nascd numba- of kel\;l.gt"

prqtWKles iD ow: c:mnmunitie&..

(d St:De two w>1fJI of p<eVenlingteemlge ~cie8 .... society.
(c!). Id lily t",o institutions th.. taddnt.:ss mild abuse in Zambia..

Prepa:edllyMlss. M. Machila (BoA EO) and Mr. Slk30nca P<l8e 127

 High marks in Civic Education (From Grade 10 to 12. ;~.",'< __
7). (a) Define environmental
degradation.
(bj.. E~pUiu any ~ caw;es ofenrironmenlal deggdation.
8). WlIat is volunlat'y ct>l~lIiug....d Wsting?
(b). State two reason why peop~ a.void80ing fMvolvnta.J:y "'mn""lling and testing.
(c) wr:.e... don HlV <!£velop into AIDS?
(d). State any three ways 0" how a person Iivin.g wilh HJV/Aids can be stisma~d in a
fanl,il ,.
9) W, Wha.t i&~?
(b). Mention iU'ly two common e:ultnr..l.l pr;ll(tisc'8 in zambia
(cl 1...1 and etp lain any two ~ of adlllre5.
10). Oridly lut and cxp~ the four lIliUn factlllll that hinder f=tale pwtidpation in
governOlnCe.

SECUQN Co ESSAY QUESTIONS (4Q MAJU;;51

Thi8 section consists of ii", nsay qurJltion&. Aaswer two q~tions- Otte <:jUll:8tion rs
compu1';m:y. C~ the other <:jllntion from Ihe remaining four.
t Explain the Eighl rornponent9 of rulNre
2. Wil00t dOll:ll ~hc term ltCpM3.tion of powt<!l mean? O~ the assertion that ""then: is no
~..tioD of powers" in bmbu..
3. F.xpJain the Impacto! HIV/AJOS OD the Zlunbian econonly•
... Diso:wa Zmlbia's effort towards. the atWD<nolt of the Milknnium Deve1opm..nt Goats.
Or. lk,w far ha'J :zambia gone in trying to attain the MDGs.
5. Whatom' News Agencies? Dcsmbe the roles and short cominS!' of the Media.

ANSWERS

PART;!

u» 12.C
.-_..
.!:-~-- 2.0__ 2:.~__
13.C
...
14.A
S.B

15. B
.

e=
Page 128
 High marks in Civic Education (From Grade 10 to 12)

PART 2

1!iErnONA

1. RIlk of rn.idence. •
-Marriage, principle of dedamtoDOD a prescribt:d fonn
...:l'ft1>nci;UiOD of prcviOllS citizenship
1. Corruption pl'l'V£Dtion, co_unity edll('OltiOJ;l, inveshg;lIion ,uld prooecg.tiOD
:1. CI»'$tituentassembly
4. 1".lI ~ &nIugh which female" and m;Un, gitb UId ~, wl>lIU"n and .-.en ;IJ'C

.lIlIlligned certaio roles and respoft!libilitie:s based on the vah>es of a particu.lu K1C;ny
S. HieIorical bllCkgroulld,. eUmicity, iIIlb.la...... of natwal resouro:'S, immi;ration. injustice,
POVl'rty ilIitmIcy, unelllpJoymen" rriuges, m_"~ of economic _UUr<:eII,

rcolloJllic and export ~oun:es.

6. lntema~ Monetary' Fund (IMF); Wodd Bank; African Development Bank; Atab Bank
for economic Development ill Atria.
7. Unev= <listribotion of ttSOUn:e&;" climalc dif~rencn; specialisation technology
~ eam forei&l' exchange; promotr. iDtemlllional cooperation; suppleallf"JI'
docemc prodadion.
a 1"",_ 5 and. ptol!e<:b the nde of law, sai~ilI'd. hu.man riyotll;, providn separa;ti:on of

'4. Seamd lagart 1IOUn:e of law in zambia. This 16 when dispo&hlg of a case, the oowi men!
to blow a similar case decided upon by a .. tlp~lne court
1Q. Loooor;= _, co.asumption habits, ext=ckd bmily eyakm,. no fu~ plans, lat-k of
.......1it<dl9= to save fo.. the inves-tment,. 5OciaI..tatwl, large qUilDtities 01: itIoponed finished
......
5fCDOISB
1. tN. JIIIM:al diedpUne mons IItrlc:t coilltrol of public resounes.

P3ll.e 129

,,
 High mar!<r-l2,.Civic Education (From Grade 10 to 12)

(bj, CetltlaiiMd pbDning is plMlning don~ by tb~ <~Dtt;al go~rnm~nt '••dtJ",o\lt th~
m<;oIvrmmt olthe local <'OmPlwUtio::s
(0 (ij Th<!H ue .. ilM intended to M _durved in .. giv~n puiod Iof- lkftlopmenl of
ftono....,. nlthr.' muntry
(ii) lndividllal.lamily, rommunity, nation.I,. international

(d) To .-Mill)! overlunderspending

_It ~1S spendint; .,.,tsjd~ thr plaM
-It l"nhaDcn ~unbbi.llty
2. H.1IU,l1 rigbb aft ~ntitlC'JllCl'lI that one ~}o)'S am.ply lorbeing hgmaJ1.

-Hw:n;U\ righ,-l1n' ilIherent-lIX'.-rtS that il is .. n.a.tura.l gul

-HulI1;u1. rights lnalieaable meaD.8 cannot bf, QkeD away or &i~n to;motlu:r person
-HWlI;u:l; righ.. are It:u!ivi5iblir:. inlltrckpendent omd rights UI>1\Ot be divided. or 5Ubtonr-d

"""'-
-Hwn:ta riptlS;me ........... aW --they apply to..u ~le nnywhen: in the ..,odd and are the
5'U'l1e )'orall people iD the ...odd regWl~ of ra(~.:on", (olour, age
3.. J'OH:rty alleviation;" the ~ of I~g W liI\1ffoerin5 of tIw: poor b)' meding their
iIIIm..di.ltr ptelI6ing II«'<Is

""
-Hish w=np)or......t I....ds -High Dl.l~ morulity ratr
-High illirerKY lC'·..k -Over population
-D~_

-Low p%Vdw:tivily ~Hi3Jt d.e;,rth ra~

-Lowlil~~

(b) Provision of edDCilIio... in<nase food prodlldion, improve th~ hulth atlt\8 of the peopk',
"-8- tile p{>Or. n:d~ th.. indd<:IU'C:, infection "Dd imp<tel 01 IIIV/AIDS, ;n<n:oilSe II«eSll to
skills de~..lop.nt:nl:and ...oc..tio....t tninin~rural "J.ertrilic;ll;ion

4. TntllP 5 ~ deals 1\-ith D>herituott of p.oputt ofadead perso" wlto Jdt .. will
11v pa(e-"to~ will be distributrd to the thi~ ~ S to

......
(b).

,#
the propvrtion of a"....ad

Prep;ued by MIss. M. Machlla (B.A lID) and Mr. Slkaonga Page 130
 High marks in Civic Education (From Grade 10 to 12)
(d OiJdrel15JDl)XD, pme.1I16JOl,DllQ. ~=tl3#O.OOO
5. W A aimiul. ofWtao iavolril:l!; tbe .._ ..pt by owrt Id5. to ovcrthm.... tbe SOW-tvAleJl.t to
whidl thf' offtllder~alleptiOll or to betray JllItJIr to a ~;gn power
(1») The ~ t withdn_ a crimirW ase agaiNt the KCUIIed person is not obliged to
give- reuoM
T ~ ~nted robbery,.-lo.rcl6 _d aooton-e~ttu:ft
(0 fiat
(d) RrtribvtiorI,lk1rDent,. rrfunaatjon.

6. HJI...ing_nW ~n:'OUI:8C wiltIl 0Il~ below I:Ioe • of 16 and child. Sexual a~ is. tb.,

iavolYel:llCtlt of JlcltiJcI in my fc.m of Ienlalactivt::y, ~.&- touclling ofbft<asls of private pui$

.
(b). Peer pn:utue,

(e) ~
~

ocrapWd with
per8IOnal deYelopment,.1adc. of te~lIal ed11(.100n, cultural ;M"'es, l:W1\omic

.v:ti.....wa ,~14.U:ag soud R\Or.OJ val-. JI~, avoidwp; bwi

co=pmirs, trtting pals or priDcipks. ~ with &io:acb,..avoiding ilbbol.aftd drup..
• jd' gptftpt l e

1. W &.iroa:-:u:tal ~tl.on melt to my.-ti01l. or pn>ce!lll !boat ~m ~ eDvirl)nll\m'

'e56 fitfvrMr.= pbnt or anmwlile.

C. 01 l ; k:tjem'pollutioll;tkpktiolloh'ft "lDl;W;"·M.
&.. (;0). A _ . b e...t eoa.;;bla people to Jaw)wthrirHJV .... tm.

(b)t ., 5 inMionalldstipal" ation,: feMoftbe .. nJotown; feN of death

(0 "'. ... ~ iji; syslleJn bea>_ wed, when the body bemmes weak ....d
oppuo lie.le ,. lICt.

$id<;".z i ; ? ,...;••, rioIation, n:l;Iy .. otbe~

9. f.U c..-.a 11 .. -:! . , . , cl peop"""-
(b) ~ i I . . .' e • d fa:mily aJ5*em,. rit:;:a of p'tM 6 ' tradmrmaJ ftZCIaomn.

Page 13l
 High marks in Civic Education (From Grade 10 to 12)

(c) CIl!mne ie ~-it" not ma...... t

h~ ~tioft and d.i5cQ5s _things and

it. u...ay. chuSinS; e:uItI=; is cWln"bti~-evrry
invnt bentt tIM1u\okJsiK; C~ is ~amt­
it is p~ on hom ge~r.otioll. to ~tlorIo Cultuft is the: 'urn toW of a socirty". way;
Culturr is 5h.ued of life; C ~ Il.O longer exist in isolation,; Culluft gi:Vr6 llQ("iL>ty .. range 01
permilslbk ~~iour p$tm; CIlItuft .ln~ted;cultu~16 b.lsed on lymbo16
•
10. UaltuJ1! Mp«ts. male KoftOlIlio:: dolllinall.o:r. lad: of IOlidIrity :>.mOllg wome.. polmc.al
~II

SECllQHj;
QUESTION 1
1. [... n~-Iangu.:tge defillti Ol: cultural group ~n thol:l&h 10_ bIlglUgt:s maybe ,,*,d
in different«JODtrirs

2. Rrligioa dicbotft: ~ ~vioW" of a gival socirty

3. Val~ APd attitndell-CQNtittlte the vat- system of AftJ r;i~ ~Ir aDd: tbq" _ the:

lea!;t likely to daangr:

.. F.chla.ti_ it la .... important ape<:1 of~. Then: are thn:e tn- of luming thallake
p~ in .. ay 1IOcirty, Le. intozm,a1learning. formalk~ogand ~l\ieallearn.ing.

5. Social oQ?ltNtioa it the way a society ~ itsorlf. It rel.J.~ to how !JOC1rty ddiDes
~1.. tioM1Lip!l. aoc:ial iNtitatioM lift JlI.&I'ria:ge and lbota, sys1e_ like thr role ot WOD:lt'1I
. .li childrea

6. Tedmoklgy and 1IU.\Ieri;Jl OlIwrr-~ttlS to aocid1'$ ability ID aealt. desi~ and _

thinp. Jt""liIItre to the way socio::ty cq;;m·std itseroaolllk actnoltHs.
1. La....- and poli,tica-~rules aDd: stnlct:PreS that trgulaIr the behiwiolu"of IIOCiely
8. Aesthrtic. This is a i1ocicty's percqtioJl of what is ~lde1'fi1 beautiful in a.rt uod in
per!o", It dktaks what is uuplable in the: cu~.

QUESTtQN2

-St'par;tn.:.. cl FO"'C:1'3 staa that the orpat. of tbt' F'Yc:mmt:Dt ~Jy. ~ lc:gisbtan:.
~
uc:<uti.... -et P04ici.aq' ..QC _rtr. iDdc:pc:adetttly. TIle:: thrr. ~ IllllSt not mktttit with
Prc:pare<! by Mw. M. Machila (B.A £D) a.-ItI Mr. Slkaollgii
 ,

Hi~h marks in Civic Education (From Grade 10 to 12)

otOldl otbu in their opuWolVio. The .b.tbft JI1Urt tit" bW$,. OKIItiVt <lIl'lin out th~ bw.!'
zu:I t.be jl;ldici>ry ;'deptelS...-d edDfCIeS cM 1.J.-..
" w e of "CP'''ttiM of """0$
-The ~to£~ is composed of the thJ'ft OJPD$- n.e ~~ aalra the b.-.
araWvt! azris out the la_ aDd Iht Jndiri..,. Uatetpnts aDd e>Uorces the boW$.. ThIE'
Itgid....re ~ i.peado the p,...ickat if Wfbtoflolm:s the ~
bj6mq ofDQ~of PO-CO;
.The kM of the executiwe is the pra.idnrt who appoints the hod of the JudiciAry, i..". thr
cbid jut,ticto
-Jadgt$~appoin~~ fiftd: by dle ~ad of tht n:IIXIltiTe who is the ~id<ent

<.abiMt .. i...ters ~lon8 to bodo the tx~tift -..do !he iegiabth'"

.n.r ~bti~ GDI. boo: dis&ol~ by the Pf"ickt\t (~ti"e)
·TJoe lqislati"" annOl ~ lIDy 11Iwll. unleM it ill <IIppl'Oved by the prrsidtnt

·It Ieava . - y childn!n ;os mpha.... ;md: s~ts kich

.-i! depiiet; ~ muntl'y of ttoJwlBicaUy active citize1'l5

_.4beo n 7 _ from worl<

'<"," im

n ' ... " baily tie5

.Iw, ... S~$1IdI_-sricu~. ~ ed1IatiOD

-p" f 4 I' hi sift 10 NJ HIV/AlOS dnI~

-1.k ... 5 U a lot of dOftOI"SlIpport

.... '-"-.. i bysbblillJWlSocp'un 6

. . ::':~':i:,:s::.~~:"':truc
-b' ' i i ' .... !
WcelI _ ~ oeaily.
! plaJl dieit' '-.1I:I,re wiftly

• Pil8e 133
 1
,

2, EdUQtion: UKftMt5 the Dumbrr of ~

--
build IlU'tne Khools both bolSic ~d high

u:book. ~ _ leadIeD in nu3J aK• • e.uolmerltof pupik has ~~

3. C_dn' ~a.ity: difhreDl ClII off poiJu tOt pis uwI boy$. ~try policy by the ministry
of edvotion. ~ nWllbuofte-ale;,. derision 1I'Wl<i:l.! po6itiOft$ fro.. 20-50'%
4. (,.'hild lIlort3liry. mI1IIOIl v~ cu:lpooipa Promote ~ " e dima. 1Il0ne loulth

,e..ttt5 buitt
S. M*rNll hNlth: tlilia _ III.khriftS ;ll'Id birth <ltteDcbnts. MIX'r bt'atlh ttJI~ built

with -*"'ity win3s

6. uu,du,t HIV/AIDS. IDabJ::i.l and other d..isc~ &« ARVs,. nbblish alOl"f vcr l'ftItre5,
RoU-oul malaria ~ e . Die;~tioI'o of frff mosquito neb

7. &"jronllte1\.W su"tainllbility: keep bmbi.1o dt'U1 c;unpolig;n. sink bo..... ho~. ~

f'nfnJ'«'1Ill.eI\1 of pollution omtrol act

8. Global par1ncnhip for development: Mone mVC'Stura bavll: tlffn il.llowed: in the country.
Free m..rlr.d h;os ~(ll':PC011R!l'd

Q.l.Ul}TJON S
New. -St'nCies Me 1Pedi.;a in!ltitu.tions wbich collect and sapply infonution to med.U!
~.ft

'"'
Ro'ot of \hI!" mdP;
·To inlonn u.d ed,1IIC;;I.k' the' peop1lr;lo.et;18 ill w;l1ch dog; 10 pmmo__ pllbli< .N~; to ~

.......
Short COGings:
W

-oppoe."S ~,~ excloded

-few pf'Oplc ~ aC'C:Jeli& to
tM mbelatof~sbleODIy

-Con,="llers aid Owntl'$ of a. v, co_palin'$

·Pri,,* .IUotdill diD. T
op«aln IlDder ItifficDlt <:on<fitioQ
-Stltl.~ llIedb w.rtds to promote the lIIo:d.ia heftd to UM; thno to SoI':I"I't thek own inkn-sts

.-