Transformer protection chapter 9

Transformer short circuit current

Reduce applied voltage at the primary side
1. Nominal voltage is applied at the primary in case of phase to phase fault in the field
2. Current full load divided by rated voltage gives us the percentage impedances
Net flux on the transformer remains constant.
Main objective of transformer protection is to provide ability to detect internal faults with high
sensitivities. It should only response to internal faults
Transformer are mostly overload and operates at the knee of characteristic of transformer
loading
When transformer is connected to generator if primary voltage at transformer increases it is
overexcitation.
1. Overload
2. Over excitation
3. through fault
Several methods to provide protection to transformer
Fault switch
Transfer trip
Limited fault- interrupting device
Factors affecting Differential protection
• Mangetizing inrush current
Initial current required to energize the transformer
• Overexcitation
• CT saturation
Differential voltage levels
Phase shifts in wye delta connected banks
Transformer taps for voltage control
Phase shift or voltage taps in regulating transformer
Taps are used for accommodating small changes in voltage we used tape changer.
False differential current:
Mangnetiziation inrush
When system voltage is applied to the transformer at normal conditions then a current transient
occurs know as magnetizing in rush current.
Residual flux
It is already present in the winding of the transformer
9.1 to 9.8 we have studied chapter 9