ORAL COMMUNICATION

TYPES OF SPEECH

Submitted to: Mrs. Arrienda

Submitted by: GROUP 4

11-Asteroids
Melvin John Fernandez | John Paul Talabis | Romeo Dave Tulauan | Kim Nicole Delos Angeles |
Jennymae Erasga | Anne Drew Nicole Garrote | Jan Julianne Malapaya | Mariela Rezelle Pasang |
Angeli Ramirez | Sofia Cary Ramirez

References: http://www.ismckenzie .com/4-basic-types-of- speeches/

http://2012books.lardbucket. org/books/public-speaking- practice-and-ethics/s17-01-
four-methods-of-delivery.html
http://2012books.lardbucket.org/ books/public-speaking-practice- and-ethics/s21-02
special- occasion-speeches.html
http://speechdeliveryprinciples.blogspot.com/
http://www.speaking.pitt.edu/student/public-speaking/speakingchart.html
DIFFERENT TYPES OF SPEECHES

There are different types of speeches. It is according to: Purpose, Delivery, and Occasion.

Different Types of Speeches according to PURPOSE

The four basic types of speech according to purpose are: to inform, to instruct, to entertain,
and to persuade. The speaker may have several purposes in mind when giving his/her presentation.
However, the principle purpose of a speech will generally fall into one of four basic types:

1. INFORMATIVE
This speech serves to provide interesting and useful information to your audience.

Example: A teacher telling students about earthquakes

A student talking about her research
A travelogue about the Tower of London
A computer programmer speaking about new software

2. DEMONSTRATIVE
This has many similarities with an informative speech. A demonstrative speech also teaches
you something. The main difference lies in including a demonstration of how to do the thing you’re
teaching.

Example: How to start your own blog

How to bake a cake
How to write a speech
How to… just about anything

3. PERSUASIVE
A persuasive speech works to convince people to change in some way: they think, the way
they do something, or to start doing something that they are not currently doing.

Example: Become an organ donor

Improve your health through better eating
Television violence is negatively influencing the children
Become a volunteer and change the world

4. ENTERTAINING
The after-dinner speech is a typical example of an entertaining speech. The speaker provides
pleasure and enjoyment that make the audience laughs or identify with anecdotal information.

Example: Excuses for any occasion

Explaining cricket to an American
Things you wouldn’t know without the movies

Effective preparation requires identifying the purpose of your speech. Once you’ve identified
your purpose, you can move on to the objective of your speech.
Different Types of Speeches according to DELIVERY

The easiest approach to speech delivery is not always the best. Substantial work goes into the
careful preparation of an interesting and ethical message, so it is understandable that students may
have the impulse to avoid “messing it up” by simply reading it word for word.

1. IMPROMPTU SPEAKING
It is the presentation of a short message without advance preparation. Impromptu speeches
often occur when someone is asked to “say a few words” or give a toast on a special occasion.
Impromptu speeches are generally most successful when they are brief and focus on a single point.

Advantage: It is spontaneous and responsive in an animated group context.

Disadvantage: The speaker is given little or no time to contemplate the central theme of his or her
message. As a result, the message may be disorganized and difficult for listeners to follow.

2. EXTEMPORANEOUS SPEAKING
Extemporaneous speaking is the presentation of a carefully planned and rehearsed speech,
spoken in a conversational manner using brief notes. By using notes rather than a full manuscript, the
extemporaneous speaker can establish and maintain eye contact with the audience and assess how
well they understand the speech as it progresses.

Advantage: It promotes the likelihood that you, the speaker, will be perceived as knowledgeable and
credible. In addition, your audience is likely to pay better attention to the message because it is
engaging both verbally and nonverbally.
Disadvantage: It requires a great deal of preparation for both the verbal and the nonverbal
components of the speech. Adequate preparation cannot be achieved the day before you’re
scheduled to speak.

3. SPEAKING FROM A MANUSCRIPT

Manuscript speaking is the word-for-word iteration of a written message. In a manuscript
speech, the speaker maintains his or her attention on the printed page except when using visual aids.

Advantage: It is the exact repetition of original words. In some circumstances this can be extremely
important.
Disadvantage: It is not spontaneous and natural like of the first two speeches. Speakers may lack
rapport with his/her audience.

4. SPEAKING FROM MEMORY

Memorized speaking is the rote recitation of a written message that the speaker has committed
to memory. When it comes to speeches, memorization can be useful when the message needs to be
exact and the speaker doesn’t want to be confined by notes.

Advantage: It enables the speaker to maintain eye contact with the audience throughout the speech.
Disadvantage: It lacks of spontaneity and naturalness. It is artificial. The speaker can might easily
forget.
Different Types of Speeches according to OCCASION

CEREMONIAL SPEAKING
Ceremonial speeches are speeches given during a ceremony or a ritual marked by
observance of formality or etiquette. These ceremonies tend to be very special for people, so it
shouldn’t be surprising that there are opportunities for speech making.

A. Speeches of Introduction
It is a mini speech given by the host of a ceremony that introduces another speaker and his or
her speech. Just like any other speech, a speech of introduction should be a complete speech and
have a clear introduction, body, and conclusion—and you should do it all in just two minutes.
For an introduction, think of a hook that will make your audience interested in the upcoming
speaker. The body of your introductory speech should be devoted to telling the audience about the
speaker’s topic, why the speaker is qualified, and why the audience should listen. The final part of a
good introduction is the conclusion, which is generally designed to welcome the speaker to the
lectern.

B. Speeches of Presentation
A speech of presentation is a brief speech given to accompany a prize or honor. When
preparing a speech of presentation, it’s always important to ask how long the speech should be.
First, you should explain what the award or honor is and why the presentation is important.
Second, you can explain what the recipient has accomplished in order for the award to be bestowed.
Whatever the recipient has done, you need to clearly highlight his or her work. Lastly, if the race or
competition was conducted in a public forum and numerous people didn’t win, you may want to
recognize those people for their efforts as well.

C. Speeches of Dedication
A speech of dedication is delivered when a new store opens, a building is named after
someone, a plaque is placed on a wall, a new library is completed, and so on. These speeches are
designed to highlight the importance of the project and possibly those to whom the project has been
dedicated.

D. Toasts
A toast is a speech designed to congratulate, appreciate, or remember.
First, toasts can be delivered for the purpose of congratulating someone for an honor, a new
job, or getting married. You can also toast someone to show your appreciation for something they’ve
done. Lastly, we toast people to remember them and what they have accomplished.
When preparing a toast, the first goal is always to keep your remarks brief. Toasts are
generally given during the middle of some kind of festivities (e.g., wedding, retirement party, farewell
party). Second, the goal of a toast is to focus attention on the person or persons being toasted—not
on the speaker

E. Roasts
The roast speech is a very interesting and peculiar speech because it is designed to both
praise and good-naturedly insult a person being honored. Generally, roasts are given at the
conclusion of a banquet in honor of someone’s life achievements.
F. Eulogies
A eulogy is a speech given in honor of someone who has died.

G. Speeches of Farewell
A speech of farewell allow someone to say good-bye to one part of his or her life as he or she
is moving on to the next part of life. Maybe you’ve accepted a new job and are leaving your current
job, or you’re graduating from college and entering the work force.

INSPIRATIONAL SPEAKING
The goal of an inspirational speech is to elicit or arouse an emotional state within an audience.

A. Speeches to Ensure Goodwill

Goodwill is an intangible asset that is made up of the favor or reputation of an individual or
organization. Speeches of goodwill are often given in an attempt to get audience members to view
the person or organization more favorably.
Although speeches of goodwill are clearly persuasive, they try not to be obvious about the
persuasive intent and are often delivered as information-giving speeches that focus on an individual
or organization’s positives attributes.
There are three basic types of speeches of goodwill: public relations, justification, and apology.

A. 1. Speeches for Public Relations

In a public relations speech, the speaker is speaking to enhance one’s own image or
the image of his or her organization. You can almost think of these speeches as cheerleading
speeches because the ultimate goal is to get people to like the speaker and what he or she
represents.

A. 2. Speeches for Justification

The second common speech of goodwill is the speech of justification, which is given
when someone attempts to defend why certain actions were taken or will be taken. In these
speeches, speakers have already enacted (or decided to enact) some kind of behavior, and
are now attempting to justify why the behavior is or was appropriate.

A. 3. Speeches of Apology
These speeches have become more and more common place. Every time we turn
around, a politician, professional athlete, musician, or actor/actress is doing something
reprehensible and getting caught. In fact, the speech of apology has quickly become a fodder
for humor as well.

B. Speeches for Commencements

The second type of inspirational speech is the speech of commencement, which is designed to
recognize and celebrate the achievements of a graduating class or other group of people.
The most typical form of commencement speech happens when someone graduates from
school.
PRINCIPLES OF SPEECH DELIVERY

Appearance - The speaker’s appearance should be appealing to the audience. The audience in fact
likes speakers who are similar to them.

Movement - All the movements on the stage should be voluntary and warranted. Nervousness can
cause involuntary movements which can distress both the speaker and the audience. If the speaker
gets involved in the speech and trusts the audience, nervousness can go. No movement can happen
on the stage without reason. Movements driven by the speech can help the speaker maintain contact
with all the sections of the audience.

Posture - A confident speaker stands straight with his arms well relaxed. Nervous speakers sprawl
on the podium and lean against the wall. There is always fear and tension. Great speakers on the
other hand take an informal posture and relax their audience too. Informal postures get the speaker a
positive reaction from the audience.

Facial Expressions - The expression on the speaker’s face determines the audience’s closeness to
him. Warm smile and confident look take the audience close to the speaker. The expressions display
the degree of involvement, the speaker has in his speech. The involvement with the speech is all the
necessity and the rest will take care of itself.

The expressions and the tone used by the speaker should go hand in hand with the message and the
emotions that are delivered. For example, the expression and tone of the speaker should be serious
when he delivers a serious message and sad when he delivers something sad. Any deviation in this
would confuse the audience.

Eye Contact - It is one of the most important gestures. It not only increases the speaker’s direct
contact with the audience but also increases their interest in their speech. Direct eye contact helps
the speaker understand audience reaction then and there and it makes the occasion less frightening.

Volume - It is confirmed by the number of the audience but it should be loud enough for the speech
to reach everybody. The beginners who have stage fear are usually not loud enough and it is they
who should check it through rehearsals.

Articulation - It is the right pronunciation of all the words. The people who suffer stage fright commit
the mistake of deletion, addition, adding extra parts towards slurring. Perfect articulation and
Standard English are a must for any public speaker.

Time - Time is an important factor in Speech delivery. At the outset, the speaker should know the
amount of time given for his speech and prepare accordingly. Sticking to time can be achieved by
proper rehearsals.

Language - The speaker should use the language well suited for the audience. Too much of scientific
terms may not go well with the common public. The words that the speak uses should be readily
understood by the audience. It is good to stoop to the level of the audience.