Addendum ANDAL RKL-RPL Geothermal Power Plant

Draft Addendum Environmental Impact Analysis
(ANDAL), and Environmental Management Plan and

Environmental Monitoring Plan (RKL-RPL)
Project Number: 50156-001

January 2015
INO: Muara Laboh Geothermal Power Project
Prepared by PT Greencap NAA Indonesia for PT Supreme Energy Muara Laboh (PT SEML)
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environmental monitoring plan is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do
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ADDENDUM
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ANALYSIS
(ANDAL),
AND
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
PLAN – ENVIRONMENTAL
MONITORING PLAN (RKL-RPL)
Geothermal Development
Activities
for 250 MW Geothermal Power
Plant
(PLTP Muara Laboh 250 MW) at
Solok Selatan District,
West Sumatra Province
Januari, 2015
ADENDUM
Environmental Impact Analysis (ANDAL),
and Environmental Management Plan –
Environmental Monitoring Plan
(RKL-RPL)
Geothermal Development Activities for 250 MW

Muara Laboh Geothermal Power Plant (PLTP
Muara Laboh 250 MW) at Solok Selatan District,
West Sumatra Province
January, 2015
Adendum ANDAL dan RKL-RPL Kegiatan Pengusahaan Panas Bumi untuk PLTP Muara Laboh 250 MW
HEAD OF SOLOK SELATAN DISTRICT
WEST SUMATRA PROVINCE
DECREE OF THE HEAD OOF SOLOK SELATAN DISTRICT
NUMBER : 660.26.2015
ON
ENVIRONMENTAL FEASIBILITY OF THE PLAN FOR THE AMENDMENT TO
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ANALYSIS (ANDAL), ENVIRONMENTAL
MANAGEMENT PLAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN (RKL-RPL)
OF GEOTHERMAL DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES FOR 250 MW MUARA LABUH
GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT (PLTP MUARA LABOH 250 MW) IN SOLOK
SELATAN DISTRICT, WEST SUMATRA PROVINCE BY PT. SUPREME
ENERGY MUARA LABOH
THE HEAD OF SOLOK SELATAN DISTRICT,
Considering : a. that according to Article 50 of
Government Regulation Number 27 of
2012 on the Environmental Permit, in
respect of the plan for the changes of
activities of PT Supreme Energy Muara
Laboh it is necessary to formulate a
document on the Environmental Impact
1
Analysis (ANDAL), Environmental
Management Plan (RKL) and
Environmental Monitoring Plan (RPL) on
the activities of Geothermal
Development for 250 MW (Mega Watt)
Muara Laboh Geothermal Power Plant
(PLTP Muara Laboh 250 Mega Watt (MW))
in Solok Selatan District , West
Sumatra Province.
b. that the documents of the amendment to
the ANDAL, RKL and RPL for Geothermal
Development activities for 250 MW
(PLTP Muara Labuh 250 MW) in Solok
Selatan District, West Sumatra
Province by PT. Supreme Energy Muara
Laboh is a part of Environmental
Impact Analysis (AMDAL) Study.
c. that pursuant to Government Regulation
Number 27 of 2012 on the Environmental
Permit, any activities and/or business
required to have AMDAL must obtain
[approval under] a Decree on
Environmental Feasibility based on the
Environmental Feasibility
2
Recommendation and the result of the
assessment by AMDAL Assessment
Committee of Solok Selatan District;
d. that based on the considerations as
referred to in letter a, b and c, it
is necessary to establish a Decree of
the Head of the District;
In view of : 1. Law Number 5 of 1990 on the
Conservation of Biological Natural
Resources and its Ecosystem (State
Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia
1990 Number 49, Supplement to State
Number 3419);
2. Law Number 38 of 2003 on the
Establishment of Dharmasraya District,
Solok Selatan District and West
Pesaman District in West Sumatra
Province (State Gazette of the
Republic of Indonesia 2003 Number 153,
Supplement to State Gazette of the
Republic of Indonesia Number 4348);
3. Law Number 32 of 2004 on Regional
Government (State Gazette of the
Republic of Indonesia 2004 Number 125,
3
Republic of Indonesia Number 4437)(as
amended by Law Number 12 of 2008 on
the Second Amendment to Law Number 32
of 2004 on Regional Government(State
Number 4844);
4. Law Number 26 of 2007 on Spatial
Layout Management (State Gazette of
the Republic of Indonesia 2007 Number
68, Supplement to State Gazette of the
Republic of Indonesia Number 4725);
5. Law Number 32 of 2009 on Environmental
Protection and Management (State
Number 5059);
6. Law Number 12 of 2011 on the
Establishment of Laws and Regulations
(State Gazette of the Republic of
Indonesia 2011 Number 53, Supplement
to State Gazette of the Republic of
4
Indonesia Number 4389);
7. Government Regulation Number 38 of
2007 on Division of Government Affairs
Between Government, Provincial
Regional and District/Municipality
Regional Government(State Gazette of
the Republic of Indonesia of 2007
Number 82, Supplement to State Gazette
of the Republic of Indonesia Number
4953);
8. Government Regulation Number 27 of
2012 on Environmental Permit (State
Number 5285);
9. Regulation of the State Minister for
the Environment Number 05 of 2012 on
the Type of Planned Business and/or
Activities Requiring AMDAL ;
10. Regulation of the State Minister for
the Environment Number 16 of 2012 on
Guidelines for Preparation of
Environmental Documents;
11. Regional Regulation of Solok Selatan
5
District Number 6 of 2008 on the
Organizational Structure and Working
Procedure of the Agency/Service
Office/Office and Inspectorate of
Solok Selatan District;
12 Regional Regulation of Solok Selatan
District Number 13 of 2008 on
Environmental Management.
HAS DECIDED
To establish:
FIRST : Decree on Environmental Feasibility issued
to :
Company Name : PT. Supreme Energy
Muara Laboh
Person in charge : Priyandaru Effendi
Position : VP Relations & SHE
Office Address : Equity Tower, 18th
Floor, Sudirman
Central Business
District (SCBD) Lot 9
Jalan Jenderal
Sudirman Kav. 52-53

6
Jakarta 12190,
Indonesia
Activity : Geothermal Development
for PLTP Muara Laboh
250 MW in Solok
Selatan District,
West Sumatra
Province.
Location : Pauh Duo District in
Kenagarian Alam Pauh
Duo (Jorong Kampung
Baru, Jorong Taratak
Tinggi, Jorong
Pekonina) and
Kenagarian Pauh Duo
Non Batigo (Jorong
Pinang Awan).
Total Land Area : 62,300 Hectares
Coordinates : According to Decree of
the Head of Solok
Selatan District
Number 540-94-2013 of
2013 on the Amendment
to Decree of the Head
of the District of
Solok Selatan Number

7
540/02/DESDM/BUP-2010
on the Geothermal
Mining Business
License at Liki
Pinang Awan for PT.
Supreme Energy Muara
Laboh.
Production Capacity : 250 MW
SECOND : Plan for the change of activities of
Geothermal Development for PLTP Muara
Laboh 250 MW in Solok Selatan District,
West Sumatra Province includes:
1. The plan for manpower recruitment:
Manpower to be recruited during the
construction and operation for the
drilling of 7 (seven) wellpads and
their operation.
Hiring of 2000-2500 workers that
includes both permanent and non-
permanent workers, 15% of which are
local workers living around the
activity location.
2. The plan to have additional new
Wellpads.
8
In the ANDAL, RKL and RPL amendment
documents there are 7 (seven)
additional wellpads with the following
coordinates:
Code UTM Coordinates
Wellpad ID Easting Northing
ML-F 736705 9819340
ML-1 736410 9819270
ML-J 736405 9819005
ML-06 737780 9819050
ML-07 738260 9818940
ML-08 737610 9821545
ML-09 736420 9823780
3. The PLTP Construction with 70 MW
capacity
This development system of 70 MW
capacity shall use a dual flash steam
cycle technology, where this 70 MW
capacity is originated from wellpad ML-
A that produces HP steam and wellpad
ML-H that produces HP Steam and LP
Steam, and it is estimated capable to
9
produce 60 MW from HP Steam and LP
Steam 10 MW system.
4. Construction of Switchyard and
electricity connection with the State
Electricity Company (PLN) transmission
network at a voltage of 150 KV to PLN
Sub-station in Sungai Rumbai.
5. Construction of Steam Gathering System.
Steam Gathering System or SGS consists
of a piping network from wellpads,
separators and piping network towards
the PLTP. The 2-phase steam
originating from each production well
is separated in the Separator so that
dry steam is formed and the remainder
is in the form of brine liquid. The dry
steam produced is then delivered
through the piping network to the PLTP,
while the brines are returned to the
reservoir through an injection well.
a. Two phase liquid piping network
system from wellpads.
Hot steam currently is originating
from wellpad ML-A and wellpad ML-H.
10
The plan is to add 3 (three)
production wells at the location of
wellpad ML-A and 3 (three)
wellpad ML-H in order to achieve
the capacity of 70 MW .
b. Steam and brine separation system
in the separator.
Each wellpad ML-A and ML-H is
equipped with a separator having
the function to separate steam and
brines. This separator is capable
to produce dry steam without
brines. And this separator is
available at ML-A which is named
ML-A Separator Station (SSI)
consisting of 2 (two) units of HP
Separators and ML-H Separator
Station (SS2)which consists of 1
(one) unit of separator.
c. The parameters of chemical
properties of the brines coming out
from the separator are pH, Na, K,
11
Ca, Cl, SO4, B, SiO2. And chemical
properties of the steam are CO2,
H2S, NH3, H2, CH2, N2
6. Construction of 1 phase liquid piping
network system
means a steam piping network system
that sends the steam from the separator
to PLTP, brine piping network that
sends the brines from the separator to
the injection well and condensate
piping network system that sends the
condensate from the PLTP condensor to
the injection well.
a. Construction of the steam piping
network having the function to
channel the pressure to the
separator station and PLTP.
b. Construction of the brine piping
network system and injection
wellpad is to send the brines to
the injection wellpad.
c. Construction of the condensate
piping network and injection
wellpad is to assist to send to the
PLTP condenser to the wellpad in
12
order that no condensate flows into
the body of the water of the river.
7. Construction of supporting project
facilities
a Domestic water supply and
treatment.
The need for clean water in the
volume of 130 m3 /hour taken from
the Bangko Jernih river through the
water treatment unit consisting of
among others settling pond, water
basin, clarifier, sand and carbon
filter and water storage.
b. Storm water treatment
is the drainage that has the
function to channel and direct rain
water so as not to mix with waste
water.
c. Waste water treatment plant
is the processing unit for waste
water consisting of settling pond,
oil trap and holding pond.
d. Chemical storage
is the building/ tank to store
13
liquid and hard chemical substance
e. Workshop
is a laydown area for heavy
equipment machinery and workshop.
f. Fire fighting system
is a small fire extinguishing
equipment
g. Emergency power
is the equipment required in an
emergency
h. project administration office
facility.
THIRD : The plan for the change of activities of
Geothermal Development for PLTP Muara Laboh
is feasible from the environmental aspects
point of view based on the following
considerations:
1. Based on the items of changes, it
includes the following:
a. Change of the location of the
Geothermal Power Plant (PLTP)
b. The additional 7 (seven) Wellpads
c. Additional supporting facilities
14
and infrastructures such as road
construction, pipelines and
buildings for the Temporary Storage
of Hazardous and Toxic Waste (TPS
LB3)
2. According to the prediction of spatial
and zone-based layout aspects, the
amendment to AMDAL documents is for the
conducting activities for additional 7
(seven) wellpads of PT. Supreme Energy
Muara Laboh located in the Area
Intended to be Used for Another Purpose
(APL)and according to the Regional
Spatial Layout Plan () of Solok Selatan
District of 2011 – 2031 with the
following coordinates:
Code UTM Coordinates
Wellpad ID EASTING NORTHING
ML-F 736705 9819340
ML-1 736410 9819270
ML-J 736405 9819005
ML-06 737780 9819050
15
ML-07 738260 9818940
ML-08 737610 9821545
ML-09 736420 9823780
3. Based on prediction on the geophysical,
chemical, biological, social,
economical, cultural and health aspects
in the ANDAL, RKL and RPL amendment
documents of PT. Supreme Energy Muara
Laboh during the Preconstruction,
Construction, Operation and Post-
operation stages, the important impacts
arising from the planned activities are
as follows:
a. Geophysical – Chemical Components
i. Change of air quality and
increase in noise caused by
the production well and
injection well drilling,
production well test drilling,
well maintenance,
commissioning, turbine and
condenser operation
activities.
16
ii. Increase in erotion rate,
sedimentation rate and water
run-off rate caused by land
clearing and land
rehabilitaton /revegetation.
iii. Reduced surface water quality
due to land clearing,
production well drilling,
production well test drilling,
well maintenance, turbine and
condenser operations and land
rehabilitation/revegetation.
b. Biological Component
i. Disturbance and reduction of
biodiversity of terrestrial
flora and fauna caused by land
preparation and land
rehabilitation/revegetation.
ii. Disturbance and reduction of
biodiversity of river aquatic
biota caused by land
preparation, drilling of
production wells and injection
17
wells, production well test
and at the production well,
injection well operational
stage, production well test,
well maintenance and such
impacts occur during the post
operational stage, namely the
stage of land rehabilitation
and revegetation.
c. Socio-economical Component
i. The effects on the employment
opportunities, business
opportunities, society income
and social values and norms as
a result of the activities on
labor recruitment and
termination of employment
during the construction up to
Post-Operation.
ii. Conflicts that arise during
the ownership and control of
the land as a result of land
acquisition activities for the
construction of PLTP
facilities and infrastructures
18
iii. The various perceptions of the
community as a result of land
acquisition, labor recruitment
and termination of employment.
d. Public Health Component
The effects on public health
due to the change of
environmental quality as a
result of activities during
the construction of
production and injection well
drilling, production well test
and during the operational
stage of production and
production well test and well
maintenance.
FOURTH : Based on the holistic evaluation on all
existing hypothetical important impacts as
referred to in the THIRD POINT, where all
positive important impacts could be maintaned
and the negative important impacts could be
managed by using several procedures/methods
of the technological, social and
19
institutional approaches which have the
purpose of managing such impacts.
FIFTH : The form of management performed based on
ANDAL, RKL and RPL amendment documents by PT.
Supreme Energy Muara Laboh as the proponent
for managing the important impacts as
referred to in the THIRD POINT is as follows:
A. Pre-Construction Stage
1. For land management and control,
among others:
a. Performing dissemination on
the land acquisition plan by
referring to Presidential
Regulation No. 36 of 2005.
b. conducting land acquisition
wisely and justly in
accordance with the prevailing
regulations particularly on
the land compensation process
and community productive
crops.
c. Considering the aspirations of
the customary community
related to the land
20
acquisition with the land
owners, district government,
nagari and KAN as well as
ninik mamak.
2. to manage the impact of community
perception the following methods
have been used:
a. Identifying the ownership of
the land to be acquired.
b. Acquiring the land directly
from the land owner by
negotiation and payment of
compensation for paddy field,
garden / field cultivation
fees which are acknowledged by
the Wali Jorong, Wali Nagari,
Ninik Mamak, KAN Alam Pauh Duo
and/or Pauh Duo Nan Batigo.
c. Following up the aspiration of
customary community related to
the land acquisition.
B. Construction Stage
1. Management of physical–chemical
components for ambient air quality
during the operation stage shall be
21
performed in the following ways:
a. Securing well locations and
establishing the safe zone
boundary for the residents in
the surrounding area.
b. Equipping the workers who are
working around the location
with occupational safety tools
and equipment.
c. At the locations of production
test, H2S monitoring system
device shall be installed.
d. Maintenance of construction
vehicle.
e. Slowing down the speed of
transport vehicles to a
maximum of 30 km/hour
f. During the dry season, the
roads shall be sprayed
regularly
g. Reducing H2S emission by using
Environmental Economic
Technology approach.
h. Pipe installation shall follow
the fault to prevent pipelines
22
from breaking up, if land
movement occurs.
i. Installment of Occupational
Health, Safety, and
Environmental Protection
(K3LL) according to the SOP.
2. Physical – chemical component
management for noise shall be
performed by socio-economic and
technological approach, namely:
a. providing extension for the
population at the nearest
location,
b. determining the noise buffer
zone,
c. use of hearing protection
equipment for the workers who
work around the location of
production test.
3. Physical – chemical management for
erosion, sedimentation, surface
water run-off and maintaining
surface water quality by:
a. Controlling surface flow
originated from rain water by
23
constructing drainage towards
the catch pond area.
b. Controlling erosion
technically and vegetatively
by planting trees
perpendicular to the flow or
parallel with the countor or
in an open area.
c. Whenever possible carrying out
works on the land during the
dry season.
4. Biological component management for
terrestrial flora and fauna shall be
a. Minimizing open area without
vegetation
b. Opening the land in stages
according to the planned
activities.
c. Relocating the existence of
preserved flora located around
the project site.
d. carrying out revegetation with
the type of plants which are
suitable to the land condition
24
and local climate in an empty
land by using local plants.
e. greening the activity area by
using types of plants which
are the source of animal feed.
f. Prohibiting hunting and
catching animals and taking
preserved flora.
g. Installation of prohibition
signs to catch the protected
animals/ fauna.
h. building and developing
nursery ground to develop
local plant seeds.
i. Cooperating with the related
institutions in safeguarding
the forest area/TNKS from
illegal logging
aquatic biota shall be performed by
technological approach namely by
controlling the land erosion and
sedimentation as follows:
a. Controlling the surface flow
originating from rain water by
25
constructing drainage towards
the catch pond area.
by planting trees
parallel with the countor or
in an open area.
works on the land during the
dry season.
6. Socio-economic and cultural
component management for employment
opportunity shall be performed in
the followingways:
a. Disseminating information
regarding any vacancies
available and the required
qualifications of the manpower
to carry out construction of
PLTP Muara Laboh project to
all Jorongs around the
activity location.
b. Selection of candidate
manpower and recruitment of
26
manpower according to the
formation set out by giving
priority to the manpower
originating from the jorongs
around the activity location.
c. Education and training program
for the manpower to be
employed at PLTP Muara Laboh
as well as community
empowerment activities.
component management for the
opportunity to do business shall be
a. Facilitating and assisting the
residents around the activity
location in establishing new
business through CSR program.
b. Organizing entrepreneurship
education and training program
and community empowerment
activities for the residents
around the activity location.
c. Providing training for the
manpower in the industrial
27
field which absorbs a lot of
manpower (Presidential
Regulation No. 28 of 2008
regarding National Industrial
Policy), particularly training
in the field of creative
industry such as handicrafts,
performance art, interactive
games etc.
8. Management on the increase in
community’s income shall be
a. Determining salary/wage levels
which commensurate with
reasonable costs of living.
b. Conducting community economic
empowerment activities
9. Management on the effects of social
norm shall be performed in the
following ways:
a. Disseminating the recruitment
of manpower in accordance with
the principles of honesty,
openness and fairness.
b. Carrying out and applying
28
recruitment of manpower based
on the applicable standards
and rules.
c. Fulfilling the commitment on
hiring manpower that comes
from the area directly
connected with the PLTP
construction activities.
10. The impact of community perception
shall be managed in the
followingways:
a. Providing sufficient training
in work skills for the
workers, so that when their
employment is terminated they
are ready and can compete in
getting new jobs.
b. Giving and providing
information regarding
employment opportunity to the
workers whose employment is
terminated as the construction
of geothermal electric power
plant has been completed.
11. The impact on the reduced community
29
health shall be managed as follows:
a. Providing an acceptable and
hygienic sanitation facility
such as lactrine, toilet and
garbage bins around the
project area.
b. Enhancing the understanding
of the community about
environmental health by direct
and indirect extension.
C. Operational Stage
1. Physical–chemical components for
ambient air quality shall be managed
in the following ways:
a. Securing the well location and
establishing a safety zone
boundary for the residents in
the surrounding area.
b. Equipping the workers working
in the surrounding location
with the work safety tools and
equipment.
c In the production test
location, H2S monitoring
system equipment shall be
30
installed.
d. Contruction vehicle
maintenance.
e. Reducing the speed of
transportation vehicles to a
maximum speed of 30 km/hour
f. Watering the roads regularly
during the dry season
g. Reducing H2S emission using
Environmental Economic
Technological approach.
h. Installing the pipelines
following the fault to prevent
pipelines from breaking up, if
land movement occurs.
i. Installing signage for
Occupational Health, Safety
and Environmental Protection
(K3LL) according to the SOP.
2. Management of physical – chemical
components for noise by using socio-
economic and technonogical
approaches i.e.
1. Determining the noise buffer
zone
31
2. Use of hearing protection
equiment for workers around
the production test location
3. Physical–chemical management to
maintain surface water and
disturbance on aquatic biota shall
be performed in the following ways:
a. Controlling surface flow
coming from rain water by
building drainage towards the
catch pond area.
by planting trees
parallel with the contour or
on an open area
land works in dry season.
component management for employment
opportunity shall be performed in
the following ways:
a. Conveying information on any
vacancies and qualifications
32
of manpower required for
implementation of construction
of PLTP Muara Laboh project to
all jorongs around the
activity location.
b. Selection of candidate
manpower and recruitment of
manpower according to the
formation that has been
determined by giving priority
to the manpower originated
from the jorongs around the
activity location.
c Educational and training
program for workers to be
employed at PLTP Muara Laboh
or community empowerment
activities.
component management for the
opportunity to do business shall be
a. Facilitating and assisting the
location to establish new
33
business through CSR program.
b. Organizing education and
training programs for
entrepreneurship and community
empowerment activities for the
location.
c. Conducting training for
workers in the industry that
absorbs a lot of workers
(Presidential Regulation No.
28 of 2008 on National
Industrial Policy),
particularly training on
creative industry such as
handicrafts, performance art,
interactive games etc.
6. Management on the increased
community income shall be performed
in the following ways:
a. Determining wage/salary levels
according to decent standards
of living.
b. Conducting community economic
empowerment activities.
34
7. Management of the influence of
social norms shall be performed in
the following ways:
a. Disseminating the recruitment
of manpower according to the
principles of honesty,
openness and fairness.
b. Carrying out and implement
manpower recruitment based on
the applicable standard and
provisions.
c. Showing the commitment to
recruit manpower from the
regions that are directly
related to PLTP development
activities.
8. Management on the impact where
community perception occurs shall be
a. Giving sufficient training on
work skills for the manpower,
so that when their employment
is terminated, they are ready
to compete in getting new
jobs.
35
b. Providing and making
information on work
opportunities available to the
workers whose employment are
terminated due to the
completion of the geothermal
power plant construction.
9. The impact of the declining
community health shall be managed by
the following ways:
a. Providing decent and healthy
sanitation facilities such as
latrine, toilet and garbage
bin around the project area.
b. Improving the understanding of
the community on environmental
health through direct and
indirect extensions.
D. Post Operational Stage
2. Physical–chemical management for
erosion, sedimentation, surface
water run-off and maintainance of
surface water quality shall be
performed by the following ways:
a. Controlling erosion
36
by planting the trees
parallel to the countor or in
an open area prone to erosion.
b. Continuing management of
sedimentation erosion, surface
water run-off and maintaining
surface water quality which
has been performed during
consruction and operational
stages.
3. Management of biological components
for terrestrial flora and fauna
shall be performed in the following
ways:
a. Revegetation with the type of
plants which is suitable with
the type of land condition and
local climate in the vacant
land such as guava and Ficus
sp types and grasses.
b. Greening the activity area by
using the type of plants that
becomes the source of animal
37
feed.
c. Prohibiting hunting and
catching animals and taking
preserved flora fauna.
aquatic biota shall be performed by
using a technological approach
namely by controlling land erosion
and sedimentation, management of
surface water run-off rate and
management of surface water quality
existing during the construction and
operational stages
5. Management of socio-economic and
cultural components for the loss
ofemployment opportunity, business
opportunity, source of community
income and negative perception of
the community shall be performed as
follows:
a. Disseminating to the workers
the plan for the closing of
the project and termination of
employment
38
b. Providing a decent
compensation
c. Disseminating to the community
the completion of the project.
6. Management of other impacts as a
result of activities of PT. Supreme
Energy Muara Laboh shall be
performed as follows:
a. Domestic solid waste shall be
disposed of at the waste final
disposal area (TPA)
b. Liquid wastes shall be managed
as follows:
- domestic liquid wastes
from all activities
shalll be treated in the
project area at Domestic
Liquid Waste Treatment
Installation.
- Condensate and brines
produced during PLTP
protection and
operational tests shall
be injected into the
injection well.
39
- The sump pit which is
coated by water resistant
coating shall be built.
The water collected in
the sump pit shall be
used in the drilling
process as a drilling mud
component, afterwards it
shall be returned to the
injection well.
c. Toxic and Hazardous wastes (B3
waste) shall be managed in the
following ways:
- ensuring that the
equipment and materials
purchased by PT SEML do
not contain PCB,
asbestos, ODS (azone
depleting substances) and
other materials banned to
be used according to the
prevailing regulation.
- Neutralizing battery
water and save used lead
acid batteries safely.
40
- Collecting used oil and
put it in a drum and
deliver it to the
registered B3 waste
treatment company.
- Intalling secondary
containment around
combustible and hazardous
materials according to
the need.
- providing training
regularly to the
employees in handling B3
waste.
SIXTH that after the issuance of the Decree on
Environmental Feasibility then the
Environmental Permit is issued. The other
permits and licenses requiredare as follows:
1. Permits and licenses for environmental
management protection
a. Permit for B3 Waste Temporary
Storage
b. Permit for B3 waste Collection and
Utilization
c. Permit for Domestic Waste Disposal
41
d. Other permits as required
2. Permits and licenses related to business
and/or activities
a. Permit for Utilization of the
Surface Water and Ground Water
b. Permit for the Storage and Use of
Explosive Materials
c. Permit for Water Reinjection into
the Rock Formation
d Building Construction Permit
e. Electric Power Industrial Business
License
f. Permit for the employment of foreign
workers
g. other required permits and licenses
SEVENTH : In carrying out its activities, PT Supreme
Energy Muara Laboh shall adhere to and comply
with the following:
1. Implement the activities of
environmental management plan and
environmental monitoring plan as
stipulated in ANDAL, RKL and RPL
documents, which are enclosed herein and
form an integral part of this Decree.
42
2. Prior to carrying out Construction and
Operational activities, PT Supreme
Energy Muara Laboh shall once again
disseminate comprehensively to reach
every relevant community element and
coordinate with Solok Selatan District
Government, and agree to implement any
agreement that has been reached.
3. PT. Supreme Energy Muara Laboh must
manage the impact using socio-economic
and institutiional approach by giving
priority to the community located
closest to the planned activities who
are affected and further reaching the
other communities in Solok Selatan
District.
4. Report the outcome of activities
undertaken, report on environmental
management and environmental monitoring
to Solok Selatan District Head, and
other relevant Technical Insitutions in
Solok Selatan District every six (6)
months.
EIGHTH : Any failure by PT Supreme Eenergy Muara Laboh
to comply herewith may be subject to a
43
sanction in accordance with the prevailing
laws and regulations;
NINTH: This Decree shall be declared VOID should
there be any changes in the business and/or
activities found in the future that meet the
criteria of changes stipulated in Article 50
of Regulation of Government of the Republic
of Indonesia Number 27 of 2012 on the
Environmental Permit and the person in charge
of the business and/or activity shall submit
an application for the new enviromental
feasibility certificate due to such changes.
TENTH : If in the future the environmental impact is
beyond the estimation and anticipation set
forth in ANDAL, RKL and RPL amendment
documents which have been declared
environmentally feasible by the Regional
Government of Solok Selatan District, where
the impact is caused by PT. Supreme Energy
Muara Laboh, then PT. Supreme Energy Muara
Laboh is expected to immediately report it to
the institution related to the Solok Selatan
District Government, in order that all
necessary steps can be taken with the
44
condition that the expenses incurred shall be
under the resonsibility of the proponent.
ELEVENTH : If in the future an error is found herein, a
revision shall be made accordingly;
TWELFTH : This decree shall be effective as of the date
of its issuance.
Established in Padang Aro
On the 14th of January 2015
HEAD OF SOLOK SELATAN DISTRICT
[Signed][Sealed]
MUZNI ZAKARIA
Copies delivered to:
1. Minister of the Environment in Jakarta
2. Governor of West Sumatra in Padang
3. BAPEDALDA (Regional Agency for Environmental Impact
Management) West Sumatra Province in Padang
4. BAPPEDA dan Penanaman Modal (Regional Agency for
Development Planning and Investment) of Solok Selatan
District in Padang Aro.
5. Energy and Mineral Resources Service Office of Solok
Selatan District in Padang Aro
6. Forestry and Plantation Service Office of Solok
45
7. General Service and Licensing Office of Solok Selatan
District in Padang Aro
8. AMDAL Assessment Committee, Solok Selatan District.
46
THE HEAD OF SOLOK SELATAN DISTRICT
WEST SUMATRA PROVINCE
DECREE OF THE HEAD OF SOLOK SELATAN DISTRICT
NUMBER: 660.27.2015
ON
AMENDMENT TO DECREE OF THE HEAD OF SOLOK SELATAN DISTRICT
NUMBER 660.324-2013 ON THE ENVIRONMENTAL PERMIT FOR THE
PLANNED GEOTHERMAL DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES FOR 250 MW MUARA
LABOH GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT (PLTP MUARA LABUH 250 MW) IN
SOLOK SELATAN DISTRICT, WEST SUMATRA PROVINCE BY PT. SUPREME
ENERGY MUARA LABOH
THE HEAD OF SOLOK SELATAN DISTRICT,
Considering: a. that according to Article 50 of
Government Regulation Number 27 of 2012
on the Environmental Permit, if there is
any change of activity that has obtained
an environmental permit, then such
activity is required to make a new
document of Environmental Impact
47
Assessment (AMDAL) or documents of the
Amendment to Environmental Impact
Management Plan (RKL), Environmental
Monitoring Plan (RPL).
b. that for the change of activity of PT.
Supreme Energy Muara Laboh it is
necessary to formulate a document of
amendment to Environmental Impact
Management Plan (RKL), Environmental
Monitoring Plan (RPL).
c. that the formulation and evaluation on
the document of the amendment to ANDAL,
RKL and RPL, the change of activities in
the Development of 250 MW (Mega Watt)
Muara Laboh Geothermal Power Plant (PLTP
MUARA LABOH 250 MW) in Solok Selatan
District, West Sumatra Province has been
completed, and must obtain the
Environmental Permit which is issued
simultaneously with the Decree of
Environmental Feasibility based on the
Recommendation of Environmental
Feasibility and the result of evaluation
48
of AMDAL Assessment Committe of Solok
Selatan District
d. that based on the considerations as
referred to in letter a, b and c it is
necessary to establish a Decree of the
Head of the District;
In view of: 1. Law No. 38 of 2003 on the Establishment
of Dharmasraya District, Solok Selatan
District and West Pasaman District in
West Sumatra Province (State Gazette of
the Republic of Indonesia Number 153 of
Republic of Indonesia 4348);
2. Law No. 32 of 2004 on Regional
Government (State Gazette of the
Republic of Indonesia No. 125 of 2004,
Republic of Indonesia No. 4437);
3. Law No. 33 of 2004 on the Financial
Balance between National and Regional
Governments (State Gazette of the
4. Law No. 26 of 2007 on Spatial Layout
49
Planning (State Gazette of the Republic
of Indonesia No. 68 of 2007, Supplement
to State Gazette of the Republic of
Indonesia No. 4725);
5. Law No. 30 of 2007 on Energy (State
Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia No.
96 of 2007, Supplement to State Gazette
of the Republic of Indonesia No. 4746);
6. Law No. 32 of 2009 on Environmental
Protection and Management (State Gazette
of the Republic of Indonesia No. 140 of
7. Law No. 12 of 2011 on the Establishment
of Laws and Regulations (State Gazette
8. Government Regulation No. 38 of 2007 on
the Division of Governmental Affairs
between the Government, Provincial
Regional and District/Municipality
Governments (State Gazette of the
50
9. Government Regulation No. 27 of 2012 on
the Environmental Permit (State Gazette
10. Regulation of the State Minister for the
Environment No. 05 of 2012 on Types of
Plannned Business and/or Activities
Required to Have AMDAL;
11. Regulation of the State Minister for the
Environment No. 16 of 2012 on the
Guidelines for Preparation of
Environmental Documents;
12. Regional Government of Solok Selatan
District No. 6 of 2008 on SOTK
(Organizational Structure and Work
Procedures) at the Agency/Service
Office/Office and Inspectorate in Solok
Selatan District;
13. Regional Government of Solok Selatan
District No. 13 of 2008 on
Environmental Management;
HAS DECIDED:
51
To establish:
FIRST To grant Environmental Permit to:
Company name PT Supreme Energy Muara
Laboh
Person in Priyandaru Effendi
Charge:
Position: VP Relations & SHE
Office address: Equity Tower, 18th Floor,
Sudirman Central Business
District (SCBD) Lot 9,
Jalan Jenderal Sudirman
Kav. 52 – 53 Jakarta 12190,
Indonesia.
Activities: Geothermal Development for
PLTP Muara Laboh 250 MW in
West Sumatra Province.
Location: Pauh Duo District in
Kenagarian Alam Pauh Duo
(Jurong Kampung Baru,
Jurong Taratak Tinggi,
Jurong Pekonina) and
Kenagarian Pauh Duo Nan
Batigo (Jorong Pinang
Awan).
52
Total Area : 63,200 Hectares
Production 250 MW
capacity
Coordinates According to Decree of the
Head of the District Number
540-94-2013 of 2013 on the
Amendment to Decree of the
Head of the Solok Selatan
District Number
540/02/DESDM/BUP-2010 on
the Geothermal Mining
Business License at the
Geothermal Working Area of
Liki Pinang Awan for PT.
Supreme Energy Muara Laboh.
SECOND: The scope of this environmental permit
covers:
1. Activities of PT. Supreme Energy Muara
Laboh which have obtained the
Environmental Permit from th Head of
Solok Selatan District according to
Decree of the Head of Solok Selatan
District Number 660.324.-2013 on the
Environmental Permit for the Planned
Geothermal Development Activity for PLTP
53
Muara Laboh 250 MW in Solok Selatan
District, West Sumatra Province by PT.
Supreme Energy Muara Laboh which are as
follows:
A. Preconstruction Stage
1. Preliminary Study that includes
technical planning works covering:
i. Planning for geothermal fluid
production including wells,
separators, brine accumulators,
distributing valves, safety
system in the geothermal field.
ii. Planning for safety equipment
for abnormal condition during
the steam production process.
iii. Planning for the system for
distributing the hot fluid to
the PLTP and its flowing into
the injection well.
2. Topography measurement to determine
the position, land area, activity
boundary, pipelines, PLTP roads and
transmission network.
3. Building Design Works covering
feasibility study and geothermal
54
field development technical design
that supplies geothermal fluid to
the PLTP, field investigation,
laboratory test, field analysis and
recomendation).
4. Land acquisition for provision of
access roads , wellpads and
supporting facilities for the
planned PLTP project. Where
according to the plan, the land
required for wellpads is 21.7 Ha,
for the pipeline 8,040 M, and for
the access roads 14,205 M in length,
while for the PLTP is 64,295 M2, for
Pump Station 216M2, Emergency
Ventilation Station 3,200 M2, for
the ponds 20,452M2, for Office
Building 15,000 M2, for Switchyard
3,500 M2 and for the Development of
Base Camp is 30,400 M2.
1. Recruitment of 2.000 – 2.500 workers
both permanent and non-permanent
with the number of local manpower
around the location of activities at
55
a rate of 15%.
2. Mobilization of Equipment and
Materials during 21.00 WIB – 06.00
WIB, 6 series for each convoy to be
transported by land using trucks,
trailers and low boys consisting of
dozers, loaders, dump trucks,
excavators, cranes, drilling
equipment, cementing equipment,
diesel generators, pumps, mechanical
construction equipment (cranes,
welding machine, cutting equipment),
drilling and casing pipes, materials
and structure constructions building
euipment, lumber, reinforcing,
structural steel, concrete, pipes,
isolation eqipment, turbines,
generator and transformers.
3. Preparing land covering vegetation
cutting works and land stripping and
landfilling including levelling of
the land.
4. Civil Construction covering the
following works:
i. Improvement of Connecting Roads
56
and Preparation of Wellpads
ii. Preparation of Production
Wellpads made in 7 locations,
namely:
Wellpad Locations East South
Longitude Latitude
MLA-A (wellpad ML- 10107’57,16” -1037’41.03”
A)
MLA-B (wellpad ML- 10108’29,01” -1037’49.43”
B)
MLA-C (wellpad ML- 10108’02,75” -1036’09.27”
C)
MLA-D (wellpad ML- 10107’33,27” -1036’18.74”
D)
MLA-E (wellpad ML- 10108’37,33” -1036’54.16”
E)
MLA-F (wellpad ML- 10108’40,35” -1036’52.16”
G)
MLA-G (wellpad ML- 10107’51,29” -1038’07.46”
H)
iii. Injection well works comprise
57
brine injector well and
condensate injector well which
isplaced at the production well
having the function to minimize
cooling risks.
5. Electrical Mechanical Construction
covering the works for the
installation of PLTP equipment such
as steam turbine generator, tools,
OEC units, condensors with air
conditioners, overhead cranes.
6. Electrical Construction Works
covering assembling and installation
of generators, control and relay
equpment transformers, power plant
sub-station, lighting facilities,
installation of pipeline insulator
and painting.
7. PLTP Construction Works designed and
built based on the design procedure
for seismic resistance for building
structures pursuant to SNI 03-1726-
2002 which includes:
i. Project site construction works
consisting of construction of
58
the road to the PLTP location
and steam separation facilities.
ii. Improvement of existing
connecting roads to the
generator location and well
pads.
iii. PLTP construction works and the
other supporting facilities
where the steam supply
originating from 7 wellpads with
the number of wells
approximately 24 – 27wells. The
steam is separated from brines
in the separation station and
then transmitted by gravitation
to 3 – 6 injection wells into
the earth.
8. Construction of the cross country
pipeline corridor consisting of dry
steam pipelines, wet steam pipelines,
brine water pipelines and condensate
pipelines designed and built
resistant to the high pressure and
earthquake of 7 SR and equipped with
Safety Valves. The placement of this
59
pipeline shall be according to the
road routes and the side part thereof
shall be equipped with drainage.
9. Construction of supporting faciltiies
consisting of temporary construction
facilities, workers’ dwelling, place
for collection of remaining materials
and temporary drainnage during the
preparation of location of
activities.
10. Production well drilling covering 24
– 27 production wells at a depth of
1,500 – 3,000 meters to meet the need
for hot steam for the power plant
with the capacity of 250 MW.
Production well drilling shall be
designed by using blank casing made
of special cement to anticipate
intrusion with 4.5– 13.375 inches in
size. Drilling works shall refer to
API (American Petroleum Institute)
standard materials and chemicals
having MSDS (material safety data
sheet). Driling is equipped with blow
out preventer.
60
11. Injection well drilling shall cover 3
– 6 wells having the function to
return water into the rock formation.
The water required for the drilling
is 30 – 60 litres/second.
12. Production well testing shall have
the objective to estimate the well
production result to make a
production curve (deliverability).
13. Environmental Impact control
consisting of management of drilling
cuttings stored at the temporary
storage (TPS), treatment of mud water
sent to the mud pond which is
subsequently returned to the water
tank to meet the need for water
during drilling, and for the
treatment of black water channeled to
the septic tank.
14. Termination of Employment
C. Operational Stage
1. Recruitment of 200 – 240 manpower
which is in line with their
respective expertise along with the
requirements of competencies and
61
certification.
2. Development of Geothermal Field
carried out for creating new wells to
anticipate degrading of the quality
of production wells as well as
injection wells.
3. PLTP operation consisting of
commissioning, Turbine Operation
using single pressure technology,
dual pressure technology and organic
ranking cycle technology (ORC).
4. Handling Occupational Health and
Safety (K3) that includes providing
the P3K (First Aid) training for the
employees, providing health clinics
in cooperation with Regional General
Hospital (RSUD) of Solok Selatan
District.
5. Control of Environmental Impact that
includes gas, solid waste, and liquid
waste treatment and the treatment of
oily wastes, chemicals and toxic and
hazardous (B3) wastes.
6. Emergency response management.
D. Post-Production Stage
62
1. Closing of Production and Injection
Wells by using cement with a minimum
width of 30 meters above casing shoe.
2. Deactivating pipeline networks and
supporting facilities
3. Deactiviating of the PLTP
Change of activities of PT. Supreme Energy
II Muara Laboh described in the documents of
amendment to ANDAL, RKL and RPL for Geothermal
Development activities for PLTP Muara Laboh
250 MW in Solok Selatan District, West Sumatra
Province which is as folows:
1. Workers Recruitment Plan
Workers to be recruited at the time of
construction and operation for the
drilling of seven (7) welpads and
operation.
Recruitment of 2000 – 2500 workers
including permanent and non-permanent
workers with the number of local workers
around the activity location at a rate of
15%.
2. Plan for the addition of new wellpads
63
In the documents of amendment to ANDAL,
RKL and RPL there are additional seven
(7) wellpads with the following
coordinates:
Wellpad ID UTM Coordinates
Code Earthing Northing
ML-F 736705 9819340
ML-I 736410 9819270
ML-J 736405 9819905
ML-06 737780 9819050
ML-07 738260 9818940
ML-08 737610 9821545
ML-09 736410 9823780
3. Development of PLTP with a capacity of 70
MW
The system for the development of 70 MW
capacity will use a dual-flash steam
cycle, where this 70 MW capacity is
sourced from the wellpad ML-A which
produces HP steam and wellpad ML-H which
produces HP Steam and LP Steam, and it is
estimated to produce 60 MW from the HP
64
Steam and LP Steam system of 10 MW
4. Development of Switchyard and electrical
connection to PLN transmission network at
a voltage of 150 KV towards PLN Sub-
station in Rumbai River.
5. Development of Steam Gathering System
comprising pipeline network from the
wellpad, separator and piping network to
the PLTP. 2-phase steam originating from
every production well is separated in the
Separator and thus dry steam is formed and
the remaining is in the form of brines.
Then the dry steam produced is delivered
through the pipeline network to the PLTP,
while the brines shall be returned
returned to the reservoir through
injection wells.
a. 2-phase fluid pipeline network system
from wellpad
The hot steam currently is originated
from wellpad ML-A and wellpad ML-H.
The plan is to add three (3)
wellpad ML-A and three (3) production
wells at the location of wellpad ML-H
65
in order to achieve 70MW.
b. Steam and brine separating system in
the separator.
Each wellpad ML-A and ML-H is
equipped with separator facility
having the function to separate steam
and brines. This separator is able
to produce dry steam without brines.
In this separator facility there are
ML-A named ML-A Separator Station
(SS1) consisting of two (2) units of
HP Separator and ML-H Separator
Station (SS2) consisting of one (1)
separator unit.
c. the chemical properties of brines
coming out from the separator shall
be pH, Na, K, Ca, Cl, SO2, B, Si)2.
The steam chemical nature is CO2,
H2S, NH2, H2, CH4, N2.
6. Development of 1-phase fluid pipeline
network means the steam piping network
system which channels the steam from the
separator to the PLTP, brine pipeline
network which sends brines from the
separator to the injection well and the
66
condensate piping network system which
channels condensate from the PLTP
condensor to the injection well.
a. Development of the steam pipeline
network having the function to flow
the pressure to the separator station
and PLTP
b. Development of brines pipeline
network system and injection wellpad
is to flow brines to the injection
wellpad.
c. Development of the condensate
pipeline network and injection
wellpad is to assist in dispatching
the PLTP condenser to the wellpad so
that there is no condensate going
into river body water.
7. The development of the supporting project
facilities
a. Domestic water supply and treatment
The need for clean water in the
volume of 130 m3/hour taken from
Bangko Jernih River thrugh the clean
water treatment unit among others
settling pond, water basin,
67
clarifier, sand and carbon filter and
water storage.
b. Storm water treatment
is a channel having the function to
flow and direct rain water in order
that it is not mixed with the waste
water.
c. Waste water treatment plant
is a treatment unit for waste water
consisting of settling pond, oil trap
and holding pond.
d. Chemical storage
is a building/tank to store fluid and
solid chemicals.
e. Workshop
is the laydown area for heavy
equipment, meachinery and workshop
f. Fire fighting system
is a small size fire extinguisher
g. Emergency power
is supporting equipment in an
emergency state.
h. project administration office
facility
THIRD PT Supreme Energy Muara Laboh in implementing
68
its activities require permits and licenses
among others:
1. Permits for Environmental Protection and
Management
A. Permit for B3 Waste Temporary Storage
B. Permit for Gathering, Utilization of
B3 Waste
C. Permit for Domestic Waste Disposal
D. Other permits as required
2. Permits and licenses related to business
and/or activities
A. Permit for the Utilization of the
Surface and Ground water
B. Permit for Storage and Utilization of
Explosives
C. Permit for Water Reinjection into the
rock formation
D. Building Construction Permit
E. Electric Power Industrial Business
License
F. Permit for the Utilization of Foreign
Workers
G. and other required permits
FOURTH The institution issuing the permits and
licenses shall observe the Environmental
69
Permit as a requirement for issuing a permit
in implementing the activities as referred to
in the SECOND point and THIRD point hereof;
FIFTH PT Supreme Energy Muara Laboh in implementing
its activities shall comply with the following
provisions:
1. Implement the activities of environmental
management plan and environmental
monitoring plan as set forth in the:
a. AMDAL documents as set out in the
Decree of the Head of the District
Number 660.324-2013 on the
Environmental Permit for Planned
Geothermal Development Activity for
PLTP Muara Laboh 250 MW at Solok
Selatan District, West Sumatra
Province by PT. Supreme Energy Muara
Laboh, which constitutes an enclosure
and an integral part of this Decree.
b. Documents of amendment to ANDAL, RKL
and RPL for Geothermal Development
Activity for PLTP Muara Laboh 250 MW
in Solok Selatan District, West
Sumatra Province by PT. Supreme
Energy Muara Laboh which constitutes
70
an enclosure and an integral part of
this Decree.
2. Prior to the implementation of
Construction and Operational activities,
PT. Supreme Energy Muara Laboh must re-
disseminate comprehensively to reach all
relevant community elements in
coordination with the Government of Solok
Selatan District and is willing to carry
it out in accordance with the agreement
reached from the dissemination activities
according to the prevailing laws and
regulations.
1. Implement the environmental
management plan and environmental
monitoring plan as set forth in
ANDAL, RKL and RPL documents and must
meet the environmental requirements,
standards and/or environmental damage
criteria according to the prevailing
laws and regulations.
2. PT. Supreme Energy Muara Laboh must
manage the impact through socio-
economic and institutional approach
namely by giving priority to the
71
community located closest to the
location affected by the planned
activities and thereafter reaching
the other communities in Solok
Selatan District.
3. Submitting the report on the result
of the implementation of such
activities, RKL and RPL report to the
Head of Solok Selatan District, and
other relevant Technical Institutions
in Solok Selatan District every six
(6) months;
4. If in the futre there is a change of
business and/or activities according
to the criteria for the amendment as
set forth in Article 50 of Government
Regulation of the Republic of
Indoensia No. 27 of 2012 on the
Environmental Permit, the person in
charge for the business and/or
activities shall submit an
application for such change to the
Head of the District and relevant
institutions in order that all
necessary steps can be taken;
72
5. According to the provision of Article
74 of Law No. 32 of 2009 on
Environmental Protectoin and
Management, PT. Supreme Energi Muara
Laboh shall give an access to the
Regioinal Environmental Supervisory
official for performing supervisory
duties.
SIXTH : This Decree shall be declared VOID in the
future if:
1. It is found that there is a violation of
AMDAL documents and amendments thereto and
the Environmental Permit as provided for
in Article 37 paragraph (2) of Law No. 32
of 2009 on the Environmental Permit.
2. The planned business and/or activities is
not implemented within a period of three
(3) years since the issuance of this
Decree.
3. The change of business and/or activity is
in accordance with the criteria of
amendment as set forth in Article 50 of
Government Regulation No. 27 of 2012 on
the Environmental Permit
73
SEVENTH Any failure and/or deviation by PT. Supreme
Energy Muara Laboh to comply with this decree
may be subject to a sanction according to the
prevailing laws and regulations.
EIGHT By the issuance of this Decree, the Decree of
the Head of Solok Selatan District No.
660.324-2013 on the Environmental Permit on
the Planned Activity of Geothermal Development
for PLTP Muara Laboh 250 MW in Solok Selatan
District, West Sumatra Province by PT. Supreme
Energy Muara Laboh is declared no longer
valid.
NINTH The validity period of this environmental
permit is the same as that of the business
and/or activity permit to the extent there is
no change as provided under Article 50 of
Government Regulation No. 27 of 2012 on the
Environmental Permit.
TENTH If in the future there is an error in this
decree, it shall be duly corrected.
ELEVENTH : This Decree shall be effective as of the date
of its establishment.
Established in Padang Aro
On 14th of January 2015
74
HEAD OF SOLOK SELATAN
DISTRICT
[Signed][Sealed]
MUZNI ZAKARIA
Copies delivered to:
1. The Minister of the Environment in Jakarta
2. Governor of West Sumatra in Padang
3. BAPEDALDA (Regional Agency for Environmental Impact
Control) of West Sumatra Province in Padang
4. BAPPEDA dan Penanaman Modal (Regional Agency for
Development Plannning and Investment) of Solok Selatan
5. Energy and Mineral Resources Service Office, Solok
6. Forestry and Plantation Service Office, Solok Selatan
7. General Service and Licencing Office, Solok Selatan
8. AMDAL Assessment Committee, Solok Selatan District
9. File
75
ATTACHMENT II : DECREE OF THE HEAD OF SOLOK SELATAN DISTRICT
NUMBER : 660-27-2015
DATE : January 14, 2015 ON AMENDMENT TO DECREE OF THE HEAD OF SOLOK
SELATAN DISTRICT NUMBER 660.324-2013 ON THE ENVIRONMENTAL
PERMIT FOR THE PLANNED GEOTHERMAL DEVELOPMENT FOR 250 MW
MUARA
LABOH GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT IN SOLOK SELATAN DISTRICT, WEST
SUMATRA PROVINCE BY PT. SUPREME ENERGY MUARA LABOH
MATRIX OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN FOR PT. SUPREME ENERGY MUARA LABOH ACTIVITIES
Environmental Impacts Monitored Forms of Environmental Monitoring Environmental Management Institution

Methods for Data
No. Source of Monitoring Undertaking Supervising
Type of Impact Indicator/Parameter Collection and Frequency Report Recipients
Impact Location Party Party
Analysis
1. Change in Success indicator of Land  The data shall The monitoring PT SEML   Environmental  Environmental
Ownership and management is the acquisition be collected by shall be Service Service Office
Control over change of ownership observation and conducted at Office of of Solok
land and control over land interviews Pauh Duo Sub- Solok Selatan Selatan
which does not create  Data analysis district and District  Energy and
conflicts shall be Sangir Sub-  Pauh Duo Sub- Mineral
conducted in a district district Resources
comparative and government (ESDM) Service
descriptive  Land Office of
qualitative Management Solok Selatan
manner Office of District
Solok Selatan  Land
 Nagari Management
PT Supreme Energy Muara Laboh

76

Methods for Data
Analysis
governance, Office (BPN)
and Alam Pauh of Solok
Duo and Pauh Selatan
Duo Nan  Directorate
Batigo General of New
Governments and Renewable
Energy and
Energy
Conservation
(EBTKE)
2. Change in Reduction of negative Land  Data collection The monitoring The PT SEML  KLH of Solok  KLH of Solok
community perception on land acquisition shall be location shall monitoring Selatan Selatan
perception acquisition activity conducted by be Pauh Duo shall be District District
observation and Sub-district conducting  Pauh Duo Sub-  ESDM Service
interviews and Sangir Sub- once district Office of
 Data analysis district during the Government South Selatan
pre-
shall be  BPN of South District
constructio
conducted in a Selatan  BPN of South
comparative and n stage
 Nagari Selatan
qualitative Government, District
descriptive KAN of Alam  Director
manner Pauh Duo and General New
Pauh Duo Nan Renewable
Batigo Energy and
Energy
Conservation
(EBTKE)
1. Change in Air  Air quality Production  Ambient air  At the The PT SEML  KLH Solok  KLH South
Quality derived from well drilling, measurement community monitoring Selatan Solok District
77

Methods for Data
Analysis
fugitive emission injection well with TSP residential shall be District  ESDM Service
and TSP dispersion drilling as sampling in area where conducted  ESDM Service Office
shall comply with well as ambient air there is an twice, that Office of District
the TSP ambient production using a high access road is once in Solok Selatan  Director
standard under well testing volume sampler to the the dry General of New
Government and emission  Data analysis project site season and Renewable
Regulation No. 41 and dispersion using SNI 19-  H2S gas in once in the Energy and
or 1999 (TSP of the stack 7119.3-2005 ambient air rainy Energy
ambient Standard < of the cooling  Measurement of at a distance season Conservation
230 µg/Nm3) tower of the H2S data in of: during the (EBTKE)
 Gas emission and Geothermal ambient air ->500m from constructio
dispersion from Power Plant Cooling Tower n stage
the stack of -> 1,000m from

Cooling Tower Cooling Tower
during the
operation of the
Geothermal Power
Plant
 H2S gas emission
under Regulation
of the Minister of
the Environment
No. 21 of 2008 on
H2S Emission
Standards (< 35
mg/Nm3)
 Odor Level under
Decision of the
Minister of the
Environment No. 50
78

Methods for Data
Analysis
of 1996 (Odor
Level Standards of
H2S < 28 µg/Nm3)
2. Change in Noise  Noise level shall Production  Measurement of  Measurement The PT SEML  KLH of Solok  KLH of Solok
Level comply with the well drilling, noise level of noise monitoring Selatan Selatan
standard for the injection using a sound level at the shall be District District
community wells, testing level meter settlement conducted  ESDM Service  ESDM Service
settlement which of production  Data analysis adjacent to twice, that Office of Office of
is < 55 dB(A) and wells in accordance the project is once in Solok Selatan Solok Selatan
industry < 70 with Decision access road the rainy District District
dB(A) under  season and
of the Measurement  Director
Decision of the Minister of of noise once in the
General of New
Minister of the the level in the dry season Renewable
Environment No. 48 Environment working during the
Energy and
of 1996 No. 48 of 1996 environment constructio
Energy
 Particularly for at the n stage
Conservation
the project location of (EBTKE)
personnel, the the
noise level shall Geothermal
comply with the Power Plant
Threshold for the and wellpads
workplace under adjacent to
Circular Letter of the community
the Minister of settlement
Manpower No.
01/MEN/97 (Noise
level threshold
for workplace < 85
dB(A)
3. Change in The erosion rate Land clearing  Measurement of Erosion prone The PT SEML  KLH of Solok  KLH of Solok
79

Methods for Data
Analysis
erosion and shall be controlled land erosion areas at access monitoring Selatan Selatan
sedimentation in accordance with using Petak road segments, shall be  ESDM Service  ESDM Service
Decision of the Kecil (small wellpad area conducted Office of Office of
Director General of parcel) method and PLTP area twice, that Solok Selatan Solok Selatan
Reforestation and  Measurement of is once in District District
Rehabilitation, the rainfalls the rainy  Director
Ministry of Forestry season and General of
No. 041/Kpts/V/1998 once in the EBTKE
(< 15 dray season
tons/hectare/annum) during the
constructio
n stage
4. Change in Sediment entering the Land clearing Sediment charge  Sediment The PT SEML  KLH of Solok  KLH of Solok
surface water river being under sampling at the charge from monitoring Selatan Selatan
run-off rate control pursuant to catchpond inlet PLTP project shall be District District
Government Regulation and outlet, site area conducted  ESDM Service  ESDM Service
No. 82 of 2001 thereafter the TDS  Catchpond twice, that Office of Office of
(<50mg/L) laboratory inlet and is in the Solok Selatan Solok Selatan
analysis using SNI outlet rainy District District
06-6989.3-2004 and season and
 Director
for effectiveness dry season
General of
of the catchpond during the
EBTKE
constructio
n stage
5. Change in TSS content in the - Land - River TSS - Sediment Monitoring PT. SEML  KLH of Solok  KLH of Solok
surface water river being under clearing sampling charge from shall be Selatan Selatan
quality control = TSS - Production - Suspended PLTP Project conducted District District
baseline in Liki well Residue site twice, that  ESDM Service  ESDM Service
river, that is 4 mg/L drilling, Sampling (TSS), - Catchpond is in the Office of Office of
and maximum < 50 mg/L Injection then conducting inlet and rainy Solok Selatan Solok Selatan
80

Methods for Data
Analysis
pursuant to Well laboratory outlet, season and District  Director
Government Regulation drilling analysis using representing dry season General of
No. 82 of 2001. and SNI 06-6989,3- easily during EBTKE
Production 2004 manageable constructio
Well sediment n stage
Testing - TSS sampling
shall be
taken from
Bangko
Jernih,
Bangko Keruh
and Liki
rivers at:
- The
outfall,
- 20 m
outfall
upstream,
- 100 m
outfall
downstream,
- 200 m
outfall
downstream
Representing
the sediment
passing to the
river
6. Disturbance to Land opened as Land clearing  Data collection Environmental The PT SEML  KLH of Solok  KLH, and ESDM
terrestrial required method by monitoring at monitoring Selatan Service Office
81

Methods for Data
Analysis
flora and fauna inventorying/di the site to be shall be  ESDM Service of Solok
rect opened and the conducted Office of Selatan
observation on one that has twice prior Solok Selatan District
the opened area been covered to and District  Director
and the area with following  Forestry and General of
re-covered with vegetation. the land Plantation EBTKE
vegetation clearing Service
 Data analysis during the Office of
by vegetation constructio Solok Selatan
analysis n stage District
7. Disturbance to  Change in the  Land Data analysis of Rivers close to Monitoring PT SEML  KLH of Solok  KLH of Solok
aquatic biota composition of clearing the quantity, the activity shall be Selatan Selatan
aquatic biota at  Production type, composition, location (Banko conducted District District
the opened land well abundance, and Jernih, Bangko in the  ESDM Service  ESDM Service
 Change in aquatic drilling, diversity of Keruh and Liki rainy and Office of Office of
biota composition injection plankton and rivers) dry seasons Solok Selatan Solok Selatan
well bentos types during the District District
constructio
drilling  The director
and n stage
general of
production EBTKE
well
testing
8. Opening of Quantity and Manpower  Secondary data Surrounding the Once in 6 PT SEML  KLH of Solok  KLH of Solok
Employment proportion of local recruitment collection from activity (six) Selatan Selatan
Opportunity manpower that can be PT SEML HRD location (Pauh months District District
absorbed during the department, Duo Sub- during the  ESDM Service  ESDM Service
construction stage  Data analysis district and constructio Office of Office of Solok
shall be Sangir Sub- n stage Solok Selatan Selatan
district)
conducted in a District  Director
comparative and General of
82

Methods for Data
Analysis
qualitative EBTKE
descriptive
manner
9. Opening of  Quantity and  Recruitment  Secondary data Surrounding the Once in 6 PT SEML  KLH, ESDM,  KLH, ESDM and
Business proportion of of Manpower collection from activity (six) and Sosnakertrans
Opportunities local manpower  Termination PT SEML HRD location (Pauh months Sosnakertrans Service Office
that can be of department Duo Sub- during the Service of Solok
absorbed during employment  Data analysis district and constructio Office of Selatan
the construction shall be Sangir Sub- n stage Solok Selatan  Director
stage conducted in a district) District General of
 Quantity and comparative and EBTKE
proportion of new qualitative
business that can descriptive
be conducted manner
10. Change in Increase in  Recruitmen  Collection of Around the Once in 6 PT SEML  KLH, ESDM,  KLH, ESDM,
community's community's income t of secondary data location of (six) Sosnakertrans Sosnakertrans
income due to recruitment of Manpower from PT SEML's activities months Service Service Offices
manpower at the  Terminatio HRD department (Pauh Duo Sub- during Offices of of Solok
construction stage n of  Data analysis district and constructio Solok Selatan Selatan
employment conducted in a Sangir Sub- n stage District District
comparative and district)  Local  Director
qualitative government of General of
descriptive Nagari, KAN EBTKE
manner
11. Change in Social Change in social  Recruitment  Recording of the Around the Once in 6 PT SEML  KLH, ESDM  KLH, ESDM
Norms and Values norms and values as of Manpower data resulted location of (six) Service Service Office,
well as local  Termination from official activities months Office, Sosnakertrans
tradition of and unofficial (Pauh Duo Sub- during Sosnakertrans Service Office
employment meetings with district and constructio Service Office of Solok
members and Sangir Sub- n stage of Solok Selatan
83

Methods for Data
Analysis
leaders of the district) Selatan District
community District  Director
 Data analysis  Local General of
shall be government of EBTKE
conducted in a Nagari, KAN
comparative and
qualitative
descriptive
manner
12. Change in  Lessening of  Recruitment  Collection of Around the Once in 6 PT SEML  KLH, ESDM  KLH, ESDM
Community negative perception of Manpower data of location of (six) Service Service Office,
perception to the recruitment  Production community activities months Office, Sosnakertrans
of manpower at the well perception (Pauh Duo Sub- during Sosnakertrans Service Office
construction stage drilling and  Data analysis district and constructio Service Office of Solok
 Lessening of injection conducted in a Sangir Sub- n stage of Solok Selatan
negative perception well comparative and district) Selatan District
to the production drilling, qualitative District  Director
well drilling and production descriptive  Local General of
injection well well testing manner government of EBTKE
drilling, and Nagari, KAN
production well construction
testing at the of PLTP
construction stage
as well as
construction of
PLTP
13. Public Health  Parameters Production  Interviews with Around the Once in 6 PT SEML  KLH, ESDM  KLH, ESDM
Disorder/Deterio monitored are types well drilling, the management location of (six) Service Service Office,
ration of public of environmental- injection well of the project activities months Office, Health Health Service
health based diseases. drilling and and collection (Pauh Duo Sub- during Service Office Office of Solok
84

Methods for Data
Analysis
 Scope of production of secondary district and constructio of Solok Selatan

environmental well testing data from the Sangir Sub- n stage Selatan District
sanitation such as Puskesmas district) District  Director
supply of clean (Public Health  Local General of
water, toilets, Centre) government of EBTKE
healthy houses and  Interviews with Nagari, KAN
solid waste community
management leaders or
healthcare cadre
related to the
environmental-
based diseases
C. Operation Stage
1. Change in Air  Air quality from  Production  Measurement of  In The PT SEML  KLH, ESDM  KLH, ESDM
Quality fugitive emissions well ambient air residential frequency Service Office Service Office
and TSP meet TSP drilling and with TSP areas, access of of Solok of Solok
ambient standard injection sampling in the road to the monitoring Selatan Selatan
requirement in well air using the project shall be District District
accordance with drilling, high volume  H2S gas in once in 6  Director
Government production sampler ambient air (six) General of
Regulation No. 41 well  Data analysis with the months, EBTKE
of 1991 (Ambient testing, method based on following that is in
TSP Standards < 230 emission and SNI 19-7119.3- distances: the dry
µg/Nm3) dispersion season and
2005  At the
 Emission and gas of H2S from rainy
 Measurement of fence
from the stack of the stack of season
H2S gas data in boundary of
the Cooling Tower the Cooing during
ambient air the PLTP
during operation of Tower during operation
 300m from
the PLTP operation of stage
the fence
 H2S gas emission the PLTP
of the PLTP
85

Methods for Data
Analysis
shall meet the  Commissionin  Location of
Standards in g sample taking
accordance with  Operation shall be
Regulation of the and turbine adjusted to
Minister of the and the wind
Environment No. 21 condensate direction
of 2008 on H2S
Emission Standards
(< 35 mg/Nm3)
 Odor Level shall
meet the H2S
Standards in
accordance with
Decision of the
Minister of the
Environment No. 50
of 1996
2. Change in noise  The noise level  Production  Measurement of  Measurement of Once in 6 PT SEML  KLH, ESDM  KLH, ESDM
level meets the well noise level with noise level in (six) Service Office Service Office
requirement. i.e. drilling, sound level residential months of Solok of Solok
< 55 dB(A) and for injection meter areas during Selatan Selatan
industry < 70 well  Data analysis in  Measurement of operation District District
dB(A) in drilling, accordance with noise level in stage  Director
accordance with production Decision of working General of
Decision of well Minister of the environment EBTKE
Minister of the drilling, Environment No.
Environment and testing 48 of 1996
48/1996 well
 Particularly for drilling
manpower for the  Commissionin
86

Methods for Data
Analysis
project, Circular g
Letter of Minister  Operation of
of Manpower No. turbine and
01/MEN/97 (NAB < condensate
85 dB(A)
3. Change in Controlled TSS in the - Production - Sampling of - Sediment loads Once in 6 PT SEML  KLH, ESDM  KLH, ESDM
surface water river = TSS baseline well river TSS from PLTP (six) Service Office Service Office
quality in Liki river, i.e. 4 drilling, - TSS Residue project months of Solok of Solok
mg/L and a maximum of injection sampling, then wellpads during Selatan Selatan
< 50 mg/L in well laboratory - Inlet and operation District District
accordance with drilling, analysis using outlet of stage  Director
Government Regulation production the method catch pond General of
No. 82 of 2001 well testing described in SNI representing EBTKE
- turbine 06-6989.3-2004 sediments that
operation can be well
and managed
condensate - Sampling of
TSS shall be
taken at
Bangko Jernih,
Bangko Keruh
and Liki
Rivers
- river outfall
- 20 m upstream
from the
outfall
- 20 m
downstream
form the
87

Methods for Data
Analysis
outfall
200 m
downstream from
the outfall
representing
sediments
flowing through
the river
4. Disturbance to Change in composition Production Data analysis, Rivers close to Once in 6 PT SEML  KLH, ESDM  KLH, ESDM
aquatic biota of aquatic biota well drilling, number of types, the locations (six) Service Office Service Office
injection well composition, of activities months of Solok of Solok
drilling, abundance, (Banko River, during Selatan Selatan
production biodiversity of Bangko Keruh operation  Director
well testing plankton and and Liki stage General of
and operation bentos Rivers) EBTKE
and
maintenance of
PLTP wells
5. Creation of Quantity and Recruitment of  Collection of Around the Once in 6 PT SEML  KLH, ESDM  KLH, ESDM
Employment proportion of local manpower secondary data location of (six) Service Office Service Office
opportunity manpower that can be from HRD activities months of Solok of Solok
absorbed during department of PT (Pauh Duo Sub- during Selatan Selatan
operation stage SEML district and operation District District
 Data analysis Sangir Sub- stage  Director
shall be district) General of
conducted in a EBTKE
comparative and
qualitative
manner
6. Creation of Quantity and Recruitment of  Collection of Around the Once in 6 PT SEML  KLH, ESDM and  KLH, ESDM,
88

Methods for Data
Analysis
Business proportion of manpower secondary data locations of (six) Sosnakertrans Sosnakertrans
Opportunity businesses that can from HRD the activities months Service Service Offices
be absorbed during department of PT (Pauh Duo Sub- during Offices of of Solok
the operation stage SEML district and operation Solok Selatan Selatan
 Data analysis Sangir Sub- stage District District
conducted in a district)  Local  Directorate
comparative and government of General of
qualitative Nagari, KAN EBTKE
descriptive
manner
7. Change in Increase in local Recruitment of  Collection of Around the PT SEML  KLH, ESDM,  KLH, ESDM,
Community's community's income manpower secondary data location of Sosnakertr Sosnakertrans
Income due to increase in from HRD activities ans Service
employment department of PT (Pauh Duo Service Offices of
opportunity during SEML District and Offices of Solok Selatan
the operation stage  Data analysis Sangir Solok District
shall be District) Selatan  Director
conducted in a District General of
comparative and  Local EBTKE
descriptive Government
qualitative of KAN,
manner Nagari
8. Change in Social Change in social Recruitment of  Recording the Around the Once in 6 PT SEML  KLH, ESDM,  KAN, ESDM,
Norms and Values norms and values as manpower data resulted locations of (six) monts Sosnakertrans Sosnakertrans
well as local from official activities during of Solok of Solok
tradition and unofficial (Pauh Duo Sub- operation Selatan Selatan
meetings with district and stage District District
members of Sangir Sub-  Local  Director
leaders of the district) Government of General of
community Nagari, KAN EBTKE
89

Methods for Data
Analysis
 Data analysis
shall be
conducted in a
comparative and
descriptive
qualitative
manner
9. Change in  Lessening of  Recruitment  Collection of Around the Once in 6 PT SEML  KLH, ESDM and  KLH, ESDM,
community negative perception of manpower data on locations of (six) Sosnakertrans Sosnakertrans
perception about land  Production community the activities months Service Office of Service
acquisition and well perception (Pauh Duo Sub- during the of Solok Office offices
manpower drilling and  Data analysis district and operation Selatan of Solok
recruitment during injection shall be Sangir Sub- stage District Selatan
the operation stage well conducted in a district)  Local  Directorate
 Lessening of drilling, comparative and Government of General of
negative perception production qualitative Nagari EBTKE
about production well testing descriptive
well drilling and as well as manner
injection well operation
drilling as well as and
operation and maintenance
maintenance of the of the wells
wells and PLTP and PLTP
10. Disorder of  Parameters Production  Interviews with Around the Once in 6 PT SEML  KLH, ESDM,  KLH, ESDM, and
Public monitored are well drilling, the management locations of (six) Health Service Health Service
Health/Deteriora environment-based injection well of the project the activities months Offices of Office of Solok
tion of public diseases due to drilling and and collection (Pauh Duo Sub- during Solok Selatan Selatan
health deterioration of production of secondary district and operation District District
environmental well testing data from the Sangir Sub- stage  Local  Directorate
quality as well as Puskesmas district) government of General of
90

Methods for Data
Analysis
 Coverage of operation and (Public Health Nagari, KAN EBTKE

environmental maintenance of Centre)
sanitation facility the wells and  Interviews with
PLTP community
leaders and
health cadre in
connection with
the pattern of
environment-
based diseases
D Post-Operation Stage
1. Change in Controlled erosion Rehabilitation Measurement of Erosion prone Once in 6 PT SEML  KLH, ESDM,  KLH, ESDM,
erosion and rate in accordance /Re-vegetation soil erosion using area at the (six) Health Service Health Service
sedimentation with Decision of the the small land access road months Offices of Offices of
Director General of parcel method segment, during the Solok Selatan Solok Selatan
Reforestation and wellpad and post District District
Rehabilitation of the PLTP areas. operation  Local  Directorate
Ministry of Forestry stage government of General of
No. 041/Kpts/V/1998 Nagari,, KAN EBTKE
(< 15 tons/ha/annum)
2. Change in Sediment loads Rehabilitation Sampling of  Sediment Once in 6 PT SEML  KLH, ESDM,  KLH, ESDM
surface water flowing into the /Re-vegetation sediment loads at loads from (six) Service Service Offices
run-off rate river are controlled the inlet and the PLTP months Offices of of Solok
in accordance with outlet catch, project site during the Solok Selatan Selatan
Government Regulation thereafter the area post- District District
No. 82 of 2001 (< 50 laboratory  Inlet and operation  Directorate
mg/L) analysis of the outlet catch stage General of
Suspended Solid pond, EBTKE
(TSS) using the representing
method as ruled in the sediment
91

Methods for Data
Analysis
SNI 06-6989.3-2004 that can be
conducted managed well
simultaneously to
identify the
effectiveness of
the catch pond.
3. Change in The TSS content in Rehabilitation  The TSS sampling The sampling of Once in 6 PT SEML  KLH, ESDM  KLH, ESDM
surface water the river being /Re-vegetation of the river the TSS was (six) Service Service Offices
quality controlled = TSS  The Sampling of taken from months Offices of of Solok
baseline of Liki Suspended Bangko Jernih during the South Selatan Selatan Disrict
River, that is 4 mg/L Residue (TSS), River, Bangko post District  Directtor
and at the maximum < then analyzed in Keruh River and operation General of
50 mg/L in accordance the laboratory Liki River at: stage EBTKE
with Government using the method  The river
Regulation No. 82 of as described in outfall
2001. SNI 06-6989.3-  20 m upstream
2004. from the
outfall
 100 m
downstream
from the
outfall
Representing
the sediments
flowing into
the rivers.
4. Disturbance to Area of the land Rehabilitation  Collection of Monitoring Once in 6 PT SEML  KLH, ESDM,  KLH, ESDM,
terrestrial being vegetated, /Re-vegetation data/direct shall be (six) Hutbun Hutbun Service
flora and fauna types of observation on conducted on months Service Offices of
flora/vegetation the area to be the area to be Offices of Solok Selatan
92

Methods for Data
Analysis
planted and level of covered with the covered with Solok Selatan Distrit
growth success of the vegetation the vegetation District  Directorate
vegetation plant,  Data analysis of General of
existence of the vegetation EBTKE
flora protected by analysis
and referring to
Government Regulation
No. 07 of 1999 as
well as biodiversity
index
5. Disturbance to Change in composition Rehabilitation Analysis of data Rivers close to Once in 6 PT SEML  KLH, ESDM  KLH, ESDM
aquatic biota of aquatic biota /Re-vegetation of quality, locations of (six) Service Service Offices
composition, activities months Officse of of Solok
abundance, (Bangko Jernih during Solok Selatan Selatan
diversity of River, Bangko post- District District
plankton and Keruh and Liki operation  Director
bentos River) stage General of
EBTKE
6. Decrease in Quantity and Termination of  Collection of Around the Once in 6 PT SEML  KLH, ESDM,  KLH, ESDM,
Employment proportion of employment secondary data locations or (six) Sosnakertrans Sosnakertrans
Opportunity unemployment due to from HRD activities months Service Service Offices
termination of department of PT (Pauh Duo Sub- during Offices of of Solok
employment in project SEML district and post- Solok Selatan Selatan
activities  Data analysis Sangir Sub- operation District District
shall be district) stage  Local  Director
conducted in a Government of General of
comparative and Nagari, KAN EBTKE
qualitative
descriptive
manner
93

Methods for Data
Analysis
7. Decrease in Number and proportion Termination of  Collection of Around the Once in 6 PT SEML  KLH, ESDM,  KLH, ESDM,
Business of business due to employment secondary data locations of (six) Sosnaktertrans Sosnakertrans
Opportunity post-operation stage from HRD activities months Service Service Offices
which decrease during department of (Pauh Duo Sub- during Offices of of Solok
post-operation stage PT SEML district and post- Solok Selatan Selatan
 Data analysis Sangir Sub- operation District District
shall be district) stage  Local Nagari,  Director
conducted in a KAN General of
comparative and EBTKE
qualitative
descriptive
manner
8. Change in Decreasing income of Termination of  Collection of Around the Once in 65 PT SEML  KLH, ESDM,  KLH, ESDM,
community’s local community due employment secondary data locations of (six) Sosnakertrans Sosnakertrans
income to termination of from HRD activities months Service Service Offices
employment during the department of PT (Pauh Duo Sub- during the Offices of of Solok
post-operation stage SEML district and post- Solok Selatan Selatan
 Data analysis Sangir Sub- operation District  Director
shall be district) stage  Local General of
conducted in a Government of EBTKE
comparative and Nagari, KAN
qualitative
descriptive
manner
9. Change in  Lessening of  Closing of  Collection of Around the Once in 6 PT SEML  KLH, ESDM,  KLH, ESDM,
community negative production secondary data locations of (six) moths Sosnakertrans Sosnakertrans
perception perception due to wells, from HRD activities during Service Service Offices
the closing of injection department of PT (Pauh Duo Sub- post- Offices of of SOlok
production wells, wells, SEML district and operation Solok Selatan Selatan
injection wells demolition  Data analysis Sangir Sub- stage District District
94

Methods for Data
Analysis
and supporting of pipeline shall be district)  Local  Director
activities as well network and conducted in a Government of General of
as demolition of supporting comparative and Nagari, KAN EBTKE
pipeline network facilities qualitative
as well as as well as descriptive
demolition of PLTP demolition manner
during post- of PLTP
operation stage  Termination
 Lessening of of
negative employment
perception due to
termination of
employment during
post-operation
stage
E. Monitoring of Other Impacts
1.  Non-industrial  Complying with  Domestic  Measuring  Location of During the PT SEML  KLH, ESDM,  KLH, ESDM,
solid wastes: Regulation of the solid quantity of domestic waste constructio Sosnakertrans Sosnaketrans
wastes Minister of EMR wastes; solid wastes final disposal n until Service Service Offices
transported to No. 045 of 2006 on  Sewage from produced flowing area (TPA) operation Offices of of Solok
the TPA (Final Requirements for domestic into and  Domestic waste stage: Solok Selatan Selatan
Disposal Area) Treatment of waste water discharged to water  Solid District District
 Domestic Drilling Muds; and treatment the TPA; treatment wastes:  Director
liquid wastes: installatio  Collecting, installation any time General of
(BOD, COD, TSS n (IPAL); preparing and (IPAL) the solid EBTKE
and pH) and analyzing the waste is
 Types and sample of water discharge
quantity of from the outlet d to the
hazardous and of all domestic TPA;
toxic waste water  IPAL:
95

Methods for Data
Analysis
materials treatment Once a
(B3); and installation month;
(IPAL) based on and
the SNI, and
measuring the
pH, conductivity
and temperature
during the
taking of water
sample on site.
 Utilizing the
drilling cutting
after obtaining
the permit from
the relevant
authority
 Ensuring that
equipment and
materials
purchased by PT
SEML do not
contain PCB,
asbestos, ODS
(ozone depleting
substances) and
other materials
not allowed to
be used
according to the
prevailing
96

Methods for Data
Analysis
regulations.
 Neutralizing
battery acid and
store used lead
acid batteries
safely.
 Collecting used
oil and store it
in the drum and
deliver it to
hazardous toxic
waste treatment
company
 Installing a
secondary
containment
around
inflammable and
hazardous
materials
 Periodically
providing
training to
employees in
handling B3
waste
Head of Solok Selatan District
97
[Signed][Sealed]
MUZNI ZAKARIA
98
Jakarta, January 5, 2015
PREFACE
PT. Supreme Energy Muara Laboh (PT SEML), a company owned
by PT Supreme Energy, GDF Suez (a company domiciled in
France), and Sumitomo Corporation (a company domiciled in
Japan), plan to conduct "Geothermal Development Activities
for the 250 MW Muara Laboh Geothermal Power Plant in South
Solok Regency, West Sumatra Province".
In accordance with regulations on the environment, the
Geothermal Development Activities for 250 MW Muara Laboh
Geothermal Power Plant (PLTP Muara Laboh 250 MW) are
equipped with AMDAL documents since 2013 and have obtained
approval from the Head of Solok Selatan District under
Decree of the Head of Solok Selatan District Number
660.323-2013 on Environmental Feasibility of the Planned
Geothermal Power Plant in Solok Selatan District, West
Sumatra Province by PT. Supreme Energy Muara Laboh and the
Environmental Permit issued by the Head of Solok Selatan
District under Decree Number 660.324-2013 on the
Environmental Permit for the Planned Geothermal Development
99
Activities for 250 MW Muara Laboh Geothermal Power Plant
(PLTP Muara Laboh 250 MW) in Solok Selatan District, West
Sumatra by PT. Supreme Energy Muara Laboh.
In 2015, PT SEML planned to conduct the deveopment by
changing the location of PLTP Muara Laboh 250 MW to the new
location, besides it also planned to have additional 7
(seven) Exploitation wellpads and supporting facilites
which have not been previously stated in the AMDAL
Documents of 2013. Pursuant to the letter from
Environmental Service Office of Solok Selatan District
Number 660/303/KLJ/XI-2014 this new expansion shall be
subject to preparation of ANDAL and RKL-RPL Addendum
Documents.
PT. SEML shall at all times be committed to the
implementation of Occupational Safety, Health and
Environmental (SHE) Programs. Therefore, PT. SEML would
express its gratitude to all parties who have provided
their supports and extend their cooperation in preparing
these documents. Hopefully, these ANDAL and RKL-RPL
Documents may become a good start for the development of
this project.
Sincerely Yours,
100
101
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Table of Contents
PREFACE .................................................................................................................. 99
TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................... 102
LIST OF ATTACHMENTS ........................................................................................ 108
LIST OF TABLES..................................................................................................... 110
LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................... 118
LIST OF MAPS ........................................................................................................ 122
LIST OF TERMS/ABBREVIATION........................................................................... 124
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION .................................................................................. 128
1.1 BACKGROUND ............................................................................................... 128

1.2 PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVE OF THE PREPARATION OF ADDENDUM TO
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ANALYSIS AND RKL-RPL ................................. 133
1.2.1 Objective of the Study ............................................................................. 133
1.2.2 Purpose of Study .................................................................................... 134
CHAPTER II ACTIVITY PLAN .................................................................................. 136
2.1 IDENTITY OF THE ACTIVITY PROPONENT AND PREPARER OF

ADDENDUM TO ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ANALYSIS AND
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL
MONITORING PLAN ....................................................................................... 136
2.1.1 Identity of the Activity Proponent ............................................................. 136
2.1.2 Identity Of The Person In-Charge Of The Activity .................................. 136
2.1.3 Identity of Preparer of Adendum to Environmental Impact Analysis
and RKL-RPL ....................................................................................... 137
2.2 BUSINESS AND/OR ACTIVITY LOCATION ....................................................... 143
2.3 SUITABILITY OF ACTIVITY LOCATION WITH SPATIAL LAYOUT .................... 144
2.4 HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENT AND ACTIVITIES IN PROGRESS .................... 152
2.5 ACTIVITIES THAT HAVE BEEN AND WILL BE UNDERTAKEN ........................ 159
2.5.1 Wellpad Prospects .................................................................................. 159
2.5.2 Selection of Production Capacity of Geothermal Power Plant ................. 160
2.5.3 Planned Drilling Activity at Wellpad A dan H ........................................... 162
2.6 PLANNED ADDITIONAL ACTIVITIES ................................................................ 163
102
2.6.1 Planned Labor Recruitment .................................................................... 163

2.6.2 Planned Addition of New Wellpads ........................................................ 165
2.6.3 Planned Earthwork ................................................................................. 165
2.6.4 Planned Construction of 70 MW Geothermal Power Plant ...................... 166
2.6.5 Planned Construction of Switchyard and Electricity Connection to
PLN Transmission Grid. ........................................................................ 170
2.6.6 Planned Construction of Steam Gathering System ................................. 174
2.6.7 Planned Construction of 1-Phase Fluid Pipelines .................................... 183
2.6.8 Planned Construction of Project Facilities ............................................... 187
2.7 DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PERFORMANCE ...... 193
CHAPTER III ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE .......................................................... 211
3.1 GEOPHYSICS-CHEMICAL COMPONENTS ...................................................... 212

3.1.1 Climate ................................................................................................... 212
3.1.1.1 Rainfall ...................................................................................... 212
3.1.1.2 Speed and Wind Direction ........................................................ 214
3.1.2 Air Quality ............................................................................................... 215
3.1.3 Noise level .............................................................................................. 218
3.1.4 Topography ............................................................................................ 221
3.1.5 Physiology and Geology ......................................................................... 222
3.1.6 Geotechnics and Seismicity .................................................................... 228
3.1.7 Hydrogeology.......................................................................................... 235
3.1.8 Hydrology ............................................................................................... 239
3.1.9 Water Quality .......................................................................................... 245
3.1.9.1 Surface Water Quality ............................................................... 245
3.1.9.2 Shallow Well Water Quality ....................................................... 248
3.1.10 Soil Quality ........................................................................................... 250
3.2 BIOLOGICAL COMPONENT .............................................................................. 257
3.2.1 Terrestrial flora and fauna ....................................................................... 257
3.2.1.1 Flora ......................................................................................... 257
3.2.1.2 Fauna ....................................................................................... 277
3.2.2 Aquatic Biota .......................................................................................... 288
3.2.2.1 Plankton .................................................................................... 288
3.2.2.2 Bentos ...................................................................................... 293
3.3 SOCIO-ECONOMIC CULTURE AND PUBLIC HEALTH ..................................... 298
3.3.1 Socio-economic culture........................................................................... 298
3.3.1.1 Population ................................................................................. 298
3.3.1.2 Employment Opportunities ........................................................ 309
3.3.1.3 Business Opportunities ............................................................. 310
103
3.3.1.4 Community Income ................................................................... 311

3.3.2 Socio-cultural .......................................................................................... 313
3.3.2.1 Values and Social Norms .......................................................... 313
3.3.2.2 Level of Education .................................................................... 325
3.3.2.3 Religion and Beliefs .................................................................. 329
3.3.2.4 Institutionalism .......................................................................... 333
3.3.2.5 Ownership and Land Tenure ..................................................... 334
3.3.2.6 Community Perception .............................................................. 336
3.4 PUBLIC HEALTH ................................................................................................ 344
3.4.1 Ilnesses Pattern ...................................................................................... 346
3.4.2 Access to Public Health Services ............................................................ 347
3.4.3 Basic Sanitation Facilities ....................................................................... 349
3.5 TRANSPORTATION ........................................................................................... 356
3.5.1 Road and Transportation Facilities in Location of Study .......................... 356
3.5.2 Road User Safety Facilities ..................................................................... 360
3.5.3 Low Awareness of Good Traffic Attitude ................................................. 362
3.6 OTHER ACTIVITIES AROUND PLANNED LOCATION ...................................... 365
CHAPTER IV SCOPE OF STUDY ............................................................................ 368
4.1. SCOPING PROCESS ........................................................................................ 368

4.1.1. Potential Impact Identification ................................................................ 368
4.1.2 Potential Impact Evaluation..................................................................... 376
4.1.2.1 Pre-construction stage .............................................................. 376
4.1.2.2 Construction Stage ................................................................... 376
4.1.2.3 Operation Stage ........................................................................ 384
4.1.2.4 Post-operation Stage ................................................................ 387
4.1.3 Hypothetical Significant Impacts ............................................................. 394
4.2 STUDY AREA BOUNDARIES AND STUDY TIMELINE ..................................... 398
4.2.1 Study Area Boundaries ........................................................................... 398
4.2.1.1 Project Boundaries.................................................................... 399
4.2.1.2 Ecological Boundaries............................................................... 399
4.2.1.3 Social Boundaries ..................................................................... 399
4.2.1.4 Administrative Boundaries ....................................... 400
4.2.2 Study Timeline ............................................................................. 400
CHAPTER V PREDICTED SIGNIFICANT IMPACTS AND EVALUATION OF

SIGNIFICANT IMPACTS .......................................................................... 403
5.1 PREDICTED SIGNIFICANT IMPACTS ............................................................... 403
104
5.1.1 Pre-Construction Stage........................................................................... 406

5.1.1.1 Land Clearance......................................................................... 406
5.1.2 Construction Stage ................................................................................. 408
5.1.2.1 Recruitment of Workers ............................................................ 408
5.1.2.2 Termination of employment ....................................................... 414
5.1.2.3 Production Well Drilliing Activities ............................................. 417
5.1.2.4 Well production testing activities ............................................... 419
5.1.2.5 Land Clearing Activities ............................................................. 444
5.1.3 Operation Stage...................................................................................... 467
5.1.3.1 Labor recruitment ...................................................................... 467
PLTP Operation Activities ........................................................ 471
5.1.3.3 Commisisioning......................................................................... 512
5.1.3.4 Operation of Turbine and Condensor ........................................ 515
5.1.4 Post Operation Stage.............................................................................. 525
5.2 IMPACT EVALUATION ....................................................................................... 526
5.2.1 Physico-Chemical Components .............................................................. 526
5.2.1.1 Study of Impact of Drilling and Well Production Test ................. 527
5.2.1.2 Study of Impact of PLTP Operation ........................................... 530
5.2.2 Biological Component ............................................................................. 536
5.2.2.1 Flora-Fauna Diversity ................................................................ 536
5.2.2.2 Aquatic Biota Diversity .............................................................. 537
5.2.3 Socio-Economical and Cultural Components .......................................... 538
5.2.3.1 Employment Opportunities ........................................................ 538
5.2.3.2 Business Opportunity ................................................................ 539
5.2.3.3 Community Income ................................................................... 540
5.2.3.4 Social Values and Norms .......................................................... 541
5.2.3.5 Land Tenure ............................................................................. 542
5.2.3.6 People’s Perception .................................................................. 543
5.2.4 Public Health Component ....................................................................... 545
5.3 DIRECTIVES FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ........ 551
5.3.1 Guidelines and Direction of Impact in Pre Construction Stage ................ 555
5.3.2 Guidelines and Direction of Impact in Construction Stage ....................... 557
5.3.3 Guidelines for the Management of Impact of the Operation of PLTP ....... 568
5.3.4 Guidelines for and Directions of Management of Impact during Post
Operation Stage ................................................................................... 576
5.4 RECOMMENDATION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL FEASIBILITY ........................... 580
CHAPTER VI ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN

(RKL-RPL) ................................................................................................ 583
105
6.1. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ..................................................... 583

6.1.1 Preconstruction Stage............................................................................. 583
6.1.1.1 Socio-Economic and Culture Components ................................ 583
6.1.1.1.2 Community Perception ........................................................... 585
6.1.2.1 Physical and Chemical Components ......................................... 588
6.1.2.2 Biological Components ............................................................. 599
6.1.2.4 Public Health Components ........................................................ 614
6.1.3 Operation Stage...................................................................................... 616
6.1.3.1 Physical-Chemical Components ............................................... 616
6.1.4.1 Physical-Chemical Components ............................................... 638
6.1.5 Management Of Other Impacts ............................................................... 656
6.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN ........................................................... 705
6.2.1 Pre-Construction Stage........................................................................... 705
6.2.3 Operation Stage...................................................................................... 732
6.2.5 Other Impact Monitoring ......................................................................... 766
STATEMENT LETTER ............................................................................................. 806
106
107
LIST OF ATTACHMENTS
Attachment 1 Summary and List of Revisions Resulted from
Session of Discussion on ANDAL and RKL-RPL
Addendum with AMDAL Technical Team
Attachment 2 Summary and Llist of Revisions Resulted from
Session of Discussion on ANDAL and RKL-RPL
Addendum with AMDAL Committee
Attachment 3 Letter of Guidance for Preparation of
Environmental Documents issued by the
Environmental Service Office of Solok Selatan
District
Attachment 4 Statement Letter concerning Status of Land of
PT. Supreme Energy Muara Laboh issued by the
Forestry Service Office of Solok Selatan
District
Attachment 5 Relevant Statement Letter concerning Status of
Land of PT. Supreme Energy Muara Laboh in
connection with TNKS Area issued by Balai Besar
TNKS
Attachment 5 Statement Letter related to Status of Land of
PT. Supreme Energy Muara Laboh in connection
with TNKS Area issued by Balai Besar TNKS
Attachment 6 Letter concerning Conformity of RTRW (Spatial
Layout Management) of Solok Selatan District to

108
Planned Activities
Attachment 7 Decision on Liki Pinangawan Muara Laboh
Geothermal Working Area (WKP) and its Amendments
Attachment 8 Geothermal Mining Business License (IUP) and its
Amendments
Attachment 9 Permit for Taking and Utilization of Surface
Water (SIPA)
Attachment 10 Ex-HGU Confirmation Letter issued by BPN
(National Land Agency)
Attachment 11 Results of Laboratory Analyses
Attachment 12 Curriculum Vitae of ANDAL and RKL-RPL Document
Preparation Team Members
109
LIST OF TABLES
Table II-1 Composition of Experts for the 140
Preparation of Adendum to ANDAL dan RKL-
RPL
Table II-2 Result of Exploration Well Driling 155
Table II-3 Coordinates of Planned Additional New 164
Wellpads
Table II-4 Estimated Cut and Fill in Earthworks 165
Table II-5 Main Parameters of Dual Flash Geothermal 167
Power Plant
Table II-6 Size of HP Separator and LP Separator 177
Table II-7 Chemical Properties of Brine Separated 178
at Separator
Table II-8 Chemical Properties of NCG in Steam 180
Separated at Separator
Table II-9 Type of Wood and Fruit Plants Cultivated 194
in Nursery
Table II-10 Location of Environmental Monitoring 202
Points of SEML
Table III-1 Average Rainfall in the past 10 years 209
(2002 - 2011)
Table III-2 Result of Monitoring of Ambient Air 211
Quality Based on the Monitoring Report
for the 1st Period of 2014

110
Table III-3 Results of Measurement of Ambient Air 213
Quality, November 2014
Table III-4 Results of Monitoring of Noise Level 214
Based on Report on Monitoring for the
1st Period of 2014
Table III-5 Noise Levels at Locations of 215
Measurement, November 2014
Table III-6 Lithological Description 219
Table III-7 Erosion Hazard Levels At Project Area 236
Table III-8 Results of Monitoring of River Water 238
Quality Based on Report on Monitoring
for the 1st Period of 2014
Table III-9 Results of Monitoring of Community Well 242
Water Based on Report on Monitoring for
the 1st Period of 2014
Table III-10 Results of Soil Chemical Characteristics 245
Based on Report on Monitoring for the
1st Period of 2014
Table III-11 Results of Land Physics Based on Report 245
on Monitoring for the 1st Period of 2014
Table III-12 Test Results of Soil Sampling around 247
Activity Location 2014
Table III-13 Species of Trees found at Wellpad H 252
Location
Table III-14 Types of Saplings Found at Wellpad H 253
111
Location
Table III-15 Types of Seedling/Herbs found at Wellpad 254
H Location
Table III-16 Types of Seedling / Herbs found at 254
Wellpad B Location
Table III-17 Types of Plants in the Proximity of 255
Planned Power Plant Location
Table III-18 Plant Species found Wellpad E Location 257
Table III-19 Types of Flora found at WP ML 09 258
Location
Table III-20 Results of Analysis of Tree Vegetation 263
Level in the proximity of WP- ML 06,
Coordinates S 01 37 57.8, E 101 08 12.3
Table III-21 Analysis Results of Sapling Vegetation 265
Level in the proximity of WP- ML 06,
Coordinates S 01 37 57.8 , E 101 08
12.3
Table III-22 Mammal Species Found at Activity 267
Location
Table III-23 Bird Species Found at Activities 268
Location
Table III-24 Fauna Species Found in the Proximity of 270
WL-09 Location
Table III-25 Fauna Species Found in the Proximity of 272
WL-06 Location
112
Table III-26 Plankton Community in the Proximity of 278
Activity Location
Table III-27 River Benthos Community in around 284
Activity Location
Table III-28 Total Population and Distribution, Area 289
Size and Population Density in Solok
Selatan District by Sub-district 2013
Table III-29 Total Population, Total Number of 290
Families (KK) and Average [Number of
People within each Family] According to
Jorong in Nagari Alam Pauh Duo, 2011
Table III-30 Population Distribution by Age Group and 292
Gender in Solok Selatan District, 2013
Table III-31 Total Population According to Gender and 293
Sub-district in Solok Selatan District,
2013
Table III-32 Solok Selatan Population aged 15 years III-44
and above According to the Type of
Activity and Gender, 2011
Table III-33 Population Distribution According to the 296
Source of Income in Nagari Alam Pauh
Duo, 2011
Table III-34 Non-Agricultural Business in Nagari Alam 298
Pauh Duo
Table III-35 Total Population based on Gender, Number 306
113
of Households per Nagari in Pauh Duo
Sub-district, 2013
Table III-36 Population by Highest Level of Education 314
Completed and Gender, 2013
Table III-37 Number of Schools According toLevel of 316
Education and Status, 2013
Table III-38 Number of Education Facilities in Nagari 318
Alam Pauh Duo
Table III-39 Number of places of Worship According to 320
Nagari its Type in Pauh Duo Sub-
district, 2013
Table III-40 Number of Worship Facilities in Nagari 320
Alam Pauh Duo
Table III-41 Public Perception on PLTP activities in 327
Alam Pauh Duo Sub-district
Table III-42 Largest Number of Diseases in the Sangir 333
and Pakan Selasa Community Health
Centers
Table III-43 Types of Basic Sanitation in Puskesmas 338
Sangir and Pakan Selasa Work Areas
Table III-44 Length of Road (km) According to its 345
Surface and Governmental Authorization
Status in Solok Selatan District 2012
Table III-45 Number of Bridges and Road Segments 346
Based on Length
114
Table III-46 Road Length (km) According to Type of 347
Road Surface
Table III-47 Number of Vehicles Passing Pekonina 351
Table IV-1 List of Potential Impacts of Geothermal 357
Development Activities for 250 MW Muara
Laboh Geothermal Power Plant
Table IV-2 Potential Impact Identification Matrix 362
for Geothermal Development Activities
for 250 MW Muara Laboh Geothermal Power
Plant
Table IV-3 Matriks of Hypothetical Significant 376
Impacts of Geothermal Development
Activities for 250 MW Muara Laboh
Geothermal Power Plant
Table IV-4 Hypothetical Significant Impacts of 381
Geothermal Development Activities for
250 MW Muara Laboh Geothermal Power
Plant
Table IV-5 Study Period Scoping 387
Table V-1 Percentage of Brine Formed from Wellpad 410
ML-A and ML-H
Table V-2 H2S Gas Emission during Well Production 411
Test
Table V-3 Projected CO2 emissions in Indonesia 419
Table V-4 Rates of Erosion and Sediment Charge 430
115
Table V-5 Erosion Rate Classification 432
Table V-6 Sediment charge Prior to Management 435
Table V-7 Sediment Charge after Being Managed 436
Table V-8 Surface Water Flow Rate 457
Table V-9 Types of Impacts of PLTP Operations V-36
Table V-10 Data of Cooling Tower for Calculation of 463
H2S Emissions
Table V-11 Characteristics of H2S Gas [and its 472
impacts] on Human’s Health
Table V-12 Projected CO 2 Emission in Indonesia 478
Table V-13 Propagation of Noise from Equipment 481
of Geothermal Power Plant ( PLTP)
Table V-14 Propagation of Noise of PLTP 501
Equipment
Table V-15 Matrix of Impact Evalua tion using 531

Modified Leopold Method on Geothermal
Development Activities for 250 MW
Table VI-1 Environmental Management Plan Matrix for 641
250 MW Muara Laboh Power Plant by PT
Supreme Energy Muara Laboh
Table VI-2 Environmental Monitoring Plan Matrix of 748
250 MW Muara Laboh Geothermal Power
Plant by PT Supreme Energy Muara Laboh
116
117
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure I-1 Location of PLTP and Electricity 130
Transmission Network System of PLN
Figure II-1 Flow Chart of Geothermal Power Plant 165
with Dual Flash Steam Cycle System
Figure II-2 Layout of Muara Laboh Geothermal Power 169
Plant
Figure II-3 Diagram of Switchyard of Muara Laboh 170
Figure II-4 2-Phase Fluid Pipelines Network System 174
Figure II-5 Flow Chart of WTP dan Water Mass Balance 185
Figure II-6 Waste Water Treatment Diagram 187
Figure II-7 Management of the Potential Landslide by 192
using Technology
Figure II-8 Nursery 195
Figure II-9 CSR Activities performed by SEML 198
Figure III-1 Average Rainfall and Number of Annual 209
Rain Days in the Study Area
Figure III-2 Average Annual Windrose 210
Figure III-3 Lithological Cross-Section 220
Figure III-4 Indonesian Seismic Zone 225
Figure III-5 Erosion Hazard Levels 234
Figure III-6 Respondents’ Opinion on the Occurrence 310
of Social Conflicts

118
Figure III-7 Respondents’ Opinion on Social Conflict 311
Resolution in Study Area
Figure III-8 Perception on Environmental Issues 329
Related to Additional Productions Wells
(Wellpads) for PLTP Muara Laboh
Figure III-9 Environment-Based Disease Occurrence in 335
Study Area
Figure III-10 Access to Public Health Services 336
Figure III-11 Percentage of Community Clean Water 339
around Project Site
Figure III-12 Percentage of Community Toilet 340
Facilities In the Study Area
Figure III-13 Percentage of Community Waste Water 341
Disposal
Figure III-14 Percentage of Community Waste Disposal 342
in the Study Area
Figure III-15 Percentage Community Healthy House 343
According to the study area
Figure III-16 Percentage Ratio of Vehicles Passing 353
Study Location
Figure IV-1 Gas Emission during Production Well 370
Testing
Figure IV-2 Schematic Diagram of NCG Removal System 373
in Geothermal Power Plant
Figure IV-3 Flowchart of Hypothetical Significant 379
119
Impacts During Preconstruction and
Construction Stages
Figure IV-4 Flowchart of Hypothetical Significant 380
Impacts During Operation and Post-
operation Stages
Figure V-1 Flow Chart of Well Production Test 407
Figure V-2 Release of Steam to the Atmosphere 409
through Rock Muffler
Figure V-3 Pattern of Ambient H2S Gas Dispersion 415
During Production Test
Figure V-4 Pattern of Noise Propagation during 422
Drilling and Production Test
Figure V-5 Diagram of Simplified PLTP Flow Process 460
Figure V-6 Simplified Process Flow Chart of PLTP 462
(Geothermal Power Plant)
Figure V-7 Schematic Drawing of Cooling Tower with 463
4 Fans
Figure V-8 Correlation between Water Make-up and 466
H2S Gas Emission
Figure V-9 Dispersion Pattern of H2S Gas from 471
Cooling Tower
Figure V-10 Position of Cooling Tower and Plant 473
Layout of PLTP
Figure V-11 Pattern of Propagation of Noise 483
from PLTP Equipment
120
Figure V-12 Flow Chart of Significant Impact of 536
Geothermal Exploitation Activities
for Muara Laboh 250 MW PLTP in the
Pre-Construction and Construction
Figure V-13 Flow Chart of Significant Impact of 537

Geothermal Exploitation Activities for
Muara Laboh 250 MW PLTP in the
Operation and Post Operation Stage
121
LIST OF MAPS
Map II-1 Planned Location of Geothermal Development 147
Activities for 250 MW Muara laboh
Map II-2 Pattern of Utilization of Regional Spatial 148
Layout Plan in Solok Selatan District
Map II-3 Land Use Management at the Project Site of 149
Map II-4 Location of Project Site of 250 MW Muara 154
Laboh Geothermal Power Plant
Map III-1 Topography in the Proximity of Activity 221
Location
Map III-2 Geological Site of PLTP Muara Laboh (Muara 222
Laboh Geothermal Power Plant)
Map III-3 Soil Movement Vulnerability in Solok 226
Selatan District
Map III-4 Seismic Notes from 2004 – 2013 227
Map III-5 Hydrogeology of Solok Selatan District 230
Map III-6 PLTP Muara Laboh Project Site Hydrology 236
Map III-7 Locations for Sampling of Environmental 355
Components
Map IV-1 Study Area Boundaries 389
Map VI-1 Locations for Environmental Management and 789
Monitoring during Pre-Construction Stage

122
Monitoring during Construction Stage
Monitoring during Operation Stage
123
LIST OF TERMS/ABBREVIATION1
AMDAL Analisa Mengenai Dampak Lingkungan
(Environmental Impact Assessment)
ANDAL Analisa Dampak Lingkungan (Environmental
Impact Analysis)
API American Petroleum Institute
B3 Bahan Berbahaya dan Beracun (Hazardous and
Toxic Wastes)
BBM Fuel Oil
BCC Binary Combined Cycle
BOP Blow Out Preventer
BPN Badan Pertanahan Nasional (National Land
Affairs Agency)
CITES Convention on International Trade in
Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora
DAS Daerah Aliran Sungai (Watershed or
catchment)
FGD Focus Group Discussions
GOR Gelanggang Olah Raga (Stadium)
HGU Hak Guna Usaha (Right to Cultivate)
HL Hutan Lindung (Protected Forest)
HPT Hutan Produksi Terbatas (Limited Production
Forest)
Translator’s Note: This part is the translation of the Indonesian source text only. Many abbreviations are
1
not used in this translation.

124
IPA Indeks Pencemaran Air (Water Pollution
Index)
IUCN International Union for Conservation of
Nature
IUP Izin Usaha Panas Bumi (Geothermal Mining
Business License)
Jorong Jorong [= small village]
KA ANDAL Terms of Reference of ANDAL (Environmental
Impact Analysis)
KAN Kerapatan Adat Nagari (Customary Land
Institution)
KK Kepala Keluarga (Family)
LH Lingkungan Hidup (the Environment)
LHR Lalu Lintas Harian Rata-rata (Daily Average
Traffic)
LPM Lembaga Pemberdayaan Masyarakat (Institute
for Community Empowerment)
MDL Methods Detection Limit
MCK Mandi Cuci Kakus (Public Sanitation, Bathing
and Washing Place)
MEQ Micro Earth Quake
MKJI Manual Kapasitas Jalan Indonesia (Indonesian
Highway Capacity Manual)
MW Megawatt
Nagari Nagari
125
ORC Organic Rankine Cycle
PERDA Peraturan Daerah (Regional Regulation)
PLN Perusahaan Listrik Negara (State Electricity
Company)
PLTM Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Mikrohidro (Micro
Hydroelectric Power Plant)
PLTP Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Panas Bumi
PP Peraturan Pemerintah (Government Regulation)
PT SEML PT Supreme Energy Muara Laboh
Pole Vegetation with trunk diameter ranges from 5
to 10 cm
Tree Vegetation with trunk diameter is >10 cm
RSUD Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah (Regional :Public
Hospital)
RTRW Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah (Spatial Zoning
Plan)
RUPTL Rencana Umum Penyediaan Tenaga Listrik
(General Plan for Provision of Electricity)
RKL Rencana Pengelolaan Lingkungan
(Environmental Management Plan)
RPL Rencana Pemantauan Lingkungan (Environmental
Monitoring Plan)
MSDS Material Safety Data Sheet
Sapling Vegetation with trunk diameter < 5 cm and
126
height > 1.5 m
Seedling Young tree with the height up to 1.5 meters
SIPA Surat Izin Pengambilan Air (Water Use
Permit)
SMP Satuan Mobil Penumpang (Passenger Car
Equivalent Unit)
TBE Tingkat Bahaya Erosi (Erosion Hazard Level)
TNKS Taman Nasional Kerinci Seblat (Kerinci
Seblat National Park)
TSS Total Suspended Solids
TDS Total Dissolved Solids
TPS Temporary Disposal Station
UKL Usaha Pengelolaan Lingkungan (Environmental
Management Effort)
UPL Usaha Pemantauan Lingkungan (Environmental
Monitoring Effort)
UU Undang-Undang (Law or Act)
WKP Wilayah Kerja Pertambangan (Mining Working
Area)
127
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND
Muara Laboh Geothermal Prospect is located in West Sumatra,
along the Sumatra’s fault system around 100 km south east
of Padang City. Basically, the development of geothermal
activity consists of two main systems, the surface system
and subsurface system. The subsurface system is associated
with geothermal reservoir itself, which will then supply
steam to the surface system. The surface system extends
from the production wellhead to the turbine house and ends
at the condensate injection wells, until it produces
electricity at the switchyard which is the point of
connection to the high voltage transmission network of PLN.
The Geothermal Power Plant (PLTP) will convert the steam
into electricity. Afterwards, the electric power generated
from the geothermal power plant is distributed from a
switchyard through the high-voltage transmission network
system to the PLN substation. According to the agreement
between PT Supreme Energy Muara Laboh (SEML) and PLN as set
out in the PPA (Power Purchase Agreement), SEML is required
to build a geothermal power plant in order to be able to
supply 150 kV high voltage electricity to PLN in a minimum
amount of 50 MW. Further, PLN is responsible for connecting
electricity from the switchyard of the PLTP and distribute

128
the same through a system of high-voltage transmission
network to the substation at Sungai Rumbai which is 80 km
from the PLTP. The locations of the PLTP and the high-
voltage transmission network system of PLN West Sumatra
Region from the PLTP to the SungaiRumbai Substation is
shown in Figure Figure 0-1.
Figure 0-1 Location of PLTP and Electricity Transmission
Network System of PLN
Based on the results of the baseline study of SEML, the
geothermal field of Muara Laboh has geothermal reserve
prospect of 300 MW. Therefore SEML intends to develop the
geothermal project in Muara Laboh to generate 250 MW of
electricity. Based on the results of further exploration,
it turned out that several locations of well pads have no

129
prospects to be developed as production wells. Among the
five (5) Wellpads namely ML-A, ML-B, ML-C, ML-E and ML-H,
only Wellpads ML-A and ML-H have the potential to be
developed as production wells namely ML-A1, ML-ML-H1 and
ML-H2 Wells. Results of the analysis of exploration wells
on the phase-1 shows that Muara Laboh geothermal is only
suitable for the development of geothermal power plant
(PLTP) with the capacity of 70 MW, if no new reserves are
found at that location.
Therefore, SEML intends to develop a geothermal project in
Muara Laboh which can be divided into four (4) main groups
of activities, namely:
1) The planned activities for the addition of 7 (seven) new
wellpads to generate steam.
2) The planned construction of two (2) pipeline systems
namely the 2-phase fluid pipeline network and 1-phase
fluid pipeline network, which are equipped with road
facilities for inspection and at the same time for
pieline maintenance.
3) The planned development of Geothermal Power Plant (PLTP)
in a new location by using Dual Flash Steam Cycle
technology.
4) The planned construction of the supporting facility for
the development of geothermal field, such as domestic
130
water supply and treatment, storm water treatment, waste
water treatment, chemical storage, workshops,
firefighting system and emergency power.
Based on the directives of Environmental Service Office of
Solok Selatan Distrit concerning the Clarification of
Changes in the Environmental Permit of SEML, pursuant to
letter number 660/303 / XI / 2014, the preparation of
Addendum to Environmental Impact Analysis (ANDAL) and RKL-
RPL has been recommended.
In relation to such development plan, it is necessary for
SEML to prepare an Addendum to Environmental Impact
Analysis (ANDAL) and RKL RPL documents which specifically
examine the impact of the proposed Geothermal Development
Activities of SEML. The Addendum to Environmental Impact
Analysis (ANDAL) and RKL-RPL documents is prepared with
the aim of complementing the previoius studies which were
not listed in the previous Environmental Impcat Analysis
(ANDAL) and RKL-RPL documents of SEML for the year 2013.
The result of evaluation of Addendum to Environmental
Impact Analysis (ANDAL) and RKL RPL will serve as input for
the feasibility or non-feasibility of environment for the
Geothermal Exploitation activity of SEML. Studies in the
Addendum to Environmental Impact Analysis (ANDAL) and RKL-
RPL document only include the changes as referred to above.
131
Documents of Addendum to Environmental Impcat Analysis
(ANDAL) and RKL RPL is prepared with reference to the
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (AMDAL) (Environmental
Impact Analysis, RKL and RPL) documents of the Planned
Geothermal Development Activities For 250 MW Muara Laboh
Geothermal Power Plant (PLTP Muara Laboh 250 MW) in Solok
Selatan District, West Sumatra Province by PT Supreme
Energy Muara Laboh which will be performed by virtue of the
Environmental Permits issued by the Regent of South Solok
under Decree Number: 660.324-2013 on the Environmental
Permit for the Proposed Geothermal Development Activities
for 250 MW Mara Laboh Geothermal Power Plant (PLTP Muara
Laboh 250 MW) in Solok Selatan District, West Sumatra
Province by PT Supreme Energy Muara Laboh into a single
inseparable unit of study. Furthermore, the Environmental
Impact Analysis (ANDAL), RKL and RPL documents and the
Addendum to Environmental Impact Analysis (ANDAL) and RKL
RPL documents shall serve as the guidelines for the
management and monitoring of the environment for Geothermal
Development Activities by SEML.
132
1.2 PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVE OF THE PREPARATION OF ADDENDUM TO

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ANALYSIS AND RKL-RPL
1.2.1 Objective of the Study
The objectives of the study of the Preparation of Addendum
to Environmental Impact Analysis and RKL- RPL are as
follows:
 To accommodate the addition of wellpads, the new
location of the PLTP and supporting infrastructure that
are not previously listed in the ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
ASSESSMENT documents and examine the impact caused by
this change, and to propose the environmental management
and monitoring plans;
 To comply with all laws and regulations in force in
conjunction with pollution control, waste management,
and monitoring of environmental quality;
 To ensure that the SEML activities have complied with
the provisions of sustainable environmentally-oriented
management of natural resources to allow natural
resources to be best exploited for the interest of
national economic development in general, and the
economic and social development in Solok Selatan
District in particular;
 To manage the environmental changes caused by mining
activities of SEML in order to properly maintain the
quality of the environment;

133
 To take precautions, prevention and control over the
adverse impacts and maximize positive impacts arising
from the Geothermal Development Activities for 250 MW
Muara Laboh Geothermal Power Plant (PLTP Muara Laboh 250
MW);
 To involve relevant agencies and authorities in dealing
with environmental management in the region;
 To ensure that SEML is fully responsible for providing
sufficient funds to implement the RKL and RPL in order
to continuously preserve the environmental conditions.
1.2.2 Purpose of Study
The purpose of the study of the Preparation of Addendum to
Environmental Impact Analysis and RKL- RPL are as follows:
 As guidelines and reference in the implementation of
environmental management in the area around the activity
locations;
 To assist local governments in decision making and
planning related to environmental management;
 To assist local governments within the function of
monitoring and evaluation of environmental supervision
in environmental conservation efforts;
 As a guideline and reference in the event of environment
related conflicts between the society and SEML;
134
 To avoid any environmental damage and further improve
the positive impacts on the surrounding people and local
government.
135
CHAPTER II ACTIVITY PLAN
2.1 IDENTITY OF THE ACTIVITY PROPONENT AND PREPARER OF ADDENDUM

TO ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ANALYSIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL
MANAGEMENT PLAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN
2.1.1 Identity of the Activity Proponent
Name of : PT Supreme Energy Muara Laboh (SEML)
Proponent
Office Address : Equity Tower, 18th Floor,
Sudirman Central Business District
(SCBD) Lot. 9,
Jalan Jenderal. Sudirman Kav. 52-53
Jakarta 12190, INDONESIA
Telephone : (021) 5155222
Number
Facsimile : (021) 5155333
Number
Activity : Geothermal Development for 250 MW
Muara Laboh Geothermal Power Plan in
Solok Selatan District, West Sumatera
Province
2.1.2 Identity Of The Person In-Charge Of The Activity
Person in : Priyandaru Effendi
Charge

136
Adendum ANDAL dan RKL-RPL Kegiatan Pengusahaan Panas Bumi untuk GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT Muara
Laboh 250 MW
Position : VP Relations & SHE
Office Address : Equity Tower, 18th Floor,
Sudirman Central Business District
(SCBD) Lot. 9,
Jalan Jenderal. Sudirman Kav. 52-53
Jakarta 12190, INDONESIA
Telephone : (021) 5155 222
Number
Facsimile : (021) 5155 333
Number
2.1.3 Identity of Preparer of Adendum to Environmental Impact Analysis and

RKL-RPL
Executing : PT ENV Indonesia
Agency
Competence : 0014/LPJ/AMDAL-1/LRK/KLH, valid until
Registration October 20, 2016
Office Address : Intiland Tower, 18th Floor
Jl. Jend. Sudirman Kav. 32, Jakarta
10220
Telephone : (021) 5790 1344
Number
137
Laboh 250 MW
Facsimile : (021) 5790 1348
Number
Person in : Arief Pranata, S.Si
Charge
Position : Director
Whereas the Preparation Team of the Environmental Impact
Assessment is shown on Table 0-1.
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Laboh 250 MW
Table 0-1 Composition of Experts for the Preparation of
Adendum to ANDAL dan RKL-RPL
Competence
No Name Position Competence
Registration
A.AMDAL Preparation Team:
1. Rafeldy Team  Biologist K.038.07.11.0
Noviar, Leader 9.000233

 AMDAL A
S.Si
Certificate
 Certificate for
the Head of
AMDAL
Preparation Team
(KTPA)
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Laboh 250 MW
Competence
Registration
2. Ir. Member  Water Quality K.107.09.011.
Heryansyah Expert 000009
Zaini
 AMDAL Preparer
Certificate
 Certificate for
the Head of
AMDAL
Preparation Team
(KTPA)
3. Arief Member  Environmentalist K.018.08.10.0
Pranata, 31.000243
 AMDAL Preparer
S.Si
Certificate
 Certificate for
the Head of
AMDAL
Preparation Tem
(KTPA)
3. Dian Fiana, Member  Socio Economic A.018.08.10.0
SPi Expert 9. 000232
 Certificate for
the Head of
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Laboh 250 MW
Competence
Registration
AMDAL
Preparation Tem
(KTPA)
4. Muchsin Member  Public Health A.049.04.12.0
Riviwanto, Expert 11.000559
SKM. M.Si
 Certificate for
the Head of
AMDAL
Preparation Tem
(KTPA)
B. Expert Staff
1. Ir. Sugita Member  Air Quality and
Process Expert
 AMDAL A
Certificate
2. Ir. Ricky Member  Soil Expert
Sulistyo
 AMDAL A and B
Certificate
3. Drs. Member  Chemist
Bustanul
 AMDAL A and C
Arifin, MSi
Certificate
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Laboh 250 MW
Competence
Registration
4. Dr. Member  Biologist
Chairul, MS
 AMDAL-A Course
Certificate
5. Emilia Member  Environmental
Yompa, ST Engineering
Expert
6. Drs. Member  Socio Economic
Yusrizal Expert
Yulius,
M.A.
7. Irdam Huri, Member  Socio Cultural
S.Sos. MSi Expert
 AMDAL-A Course
Certificate
III. Sources
1. Dr. Ir.  Geological and
Witoro Environmental
Soelarno Expert
 AMDAL A and C
Course
Certificate
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Laboh 250 MW
Curriculum Vitae and Copy of Diplomas and AMDAL Training
Certificates of the experts involded are shown in
Attachment 12 to these ANDAL and RKL-RPL documents.
2.2 BUSINESS AND/OR ACTIVITY LOCATION
Geothermal Working Area (WKP) Liki Pinangawan Muaralaboh is
situated at an altitude of 450-1500 meters above sea level
(asl) with an area of approximately 62,300 hectares (ha) as
set out in the Geothermal Mining Business License (IUP) and
is adjacent to the Kerinci National Park on the western
part and the southern part.
In general, Liki Pinangawan Muaralaboh Geothermal Working
Area (WKP) consists of Limited Production Forest (HPT),
Protected Forest (HL) and Area for Other Purpose (APL).
Meanwhile, the site plan for the geothermal development
project for 250 MW Muara Laboh Geothermal Power Plant is
located in an area of 160 km2, which is entirely located on
the Land Area for Other Purpose (APL). The land at the
planned activity location is an area which was formerly
used for tea, coffee and quinine plantations of PT Pekonina
and community land (residential and agricultural
cultivation).
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Laboh 250 MW
Based on identification by the Forestry and Plantation
Service Office and the TNKS Technical Implementation Unit,
the status of the land in the area of Liki Pinangawan Muara
Laboh Geothermal WKP (Mining Business License) are outside
the forest and TNKS areas (Attachments 4 and 5).
Administratively, Geothermal Developement Activities for
250 MW Muara Laboh Geothermal Power Plant is located in
Pauh Duo Sub-district and Sangir Sub-district which are
located in Solok Selatan District, West Sumatra Province.
Map of the planned location of the Geothermal Development
Activities for 250 MW Muara Laboh Geothermal Power Plant is
shown on
Map 0-1.
2.3 SUITABILITY OF ACTIVITY LOCATION WITH SPATIAL LAYOUT
Regional development in Solok Selatan District is zoned
into three development areas according to the respective
characteristics and potential of the region, which consist
of among others:
 Sangir Sub-district which is centralized in Padang Aro
as the 1st (first) development center with growth points
comprising government services, public services and
trade.
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Laboh 250 MW
 Sungai Pagu, Pauh Duo and Koto Parik Gadang Diateh Sub-
Districts as the centerof the 2nd (second) development
which is centralized in Muara Labuh with the growth
point comprising education, health, trade, tourism and
food crop production and geothermal.
 Sangir Batang Hari, Sangir Jujuan and Sangir Balai
Janggo Sub-Districts as the 3rd (third) development
center designated as an agropolitan area with the growth
point comprising plantation sectors.
According to the National Land Agency (BPN), the location
of the project site has a former status as the Right to
Cultivate (HGU) land controlled by the government.
Implementation and control of the development program of
Solok Selatan District shall refer to Regional Regulation
(Perda) No. 8 of 2012 concerning Spatial Layout Plan (RTRW)
of Solok Selatan District. The planned activities for the
development of geothermal resources in Muara Labuh, Solok
Selatan are in compliance with the Regional Regulation by
the inclusion of geothermal plan in the document and map of
spatial layout development plan in this district. At the
time of preparing the AMDAL document, SEML have obtained a
certificate from Regional Development Planning Agency
(Bappeda) of Solok Selatan District on Suitability of RTRW
of Solok Selatan with the planned activity locations of
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Laboh 250 MW
SEML (Attachment 6). The map of patterns of utilization of
the Spatial Layout Plan (RTRW) of Solok Selatan District
and land use maps which are overlaid with planned
146
Laboh 250 MW
activities of SEML are shown on
147
Laboh 250 MW
Map 0-2 and
Map 0-3.
148
Map 0-1 Planned Location of Geothermal Development Activities for 250 MW Muara laboh Geothermal Power Plant

149
Adendum ANDAL dan RKL-RPL Kegiatan Pengusahaan Panas Bumi untuk GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT Muara Laboh 250 MW
Map 0-2 Pattern of Utilization of Regional Spatial Layout Plan in Solok Selatan District
150
Adendum ANDAL dan RKL-RPL Kegiatan Pengusahaan Panas Bumi untuk GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT Muara Laboh 250 MW
Map 0-3 Land Use Management at the Project Site of Muara Laboh Geothermal Power Plant
151
2.4 HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENT AND ACTIVITIES IN PROGRESS
Geothermal prospects in Liki Pinangawan Muaralaboh
Geothermal WKP is located in West Sumatra province, along
the Sumatra fault system of about 130km southeast of
Padang, precisely in the area of Pauh Duo and Sangir Sub-
Districts, Solok Selatan. District. Two geothermal
resources in Geothermal WKP Liki Pinangawan Muara Laboh
stretch along 50 km on the Sumatra fault zone, from Muara
Labuh Utara to Muara Labuh Selatan. Both geothermal sources
have different geothermal resources and recharge areas,
although hydrologically both are connected to each other.
Most of the hot springs connected to Muara Labuh are
located in a Suliti River Valley, the basin tectonics
(tectonic basin) along 30 km and 2-3 km in width at an
altitude of 450 meters above sea level. The tectonic basins
in Muara Labuh Utara. From the south end of the basin, the
topography continues to ascend, the hot springs are found
at a distance of + 3 km from Bukit Sikapa (656m) towards
Sapan Malulong (850m). The area to the south of Bukit
Sikapa is called Muara Labuh Selatan. Activities of hot
springs in the south indicate a high temperature geothermal
systems, including fumaroles, boiling springs and steaming
hot springs.

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Laboh 250 MW
Development of Geothermal Resources by SEML in Mining
Working Area (WKP) of Geothermal in Liki Pinangawan Muara
Laboh in Solok Selatan District, West Sumatra Province has
been stipulated on March 30, 2009 by the Minister of Energy
and Mineral Resources under letter No. 1086 K/30/MEM/2009
and in 2014 SEML made the second change to the WKP based on
Decree of Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources No. 4112
K/30/MEM/201 issued on November 24, 2014. (Attachment 7).
SEML already has a Geothermal Mining Business Permit (IUP)
which was issued under Decree of the Head of Solok Selatan
District No. 540/02 / DESDM / Bup-2010 dated 26 April 2010,
and its amendment by virtue of Decree of Head of Solok
Selatan District Number: 540-94-2013 dated April 22, 2013
(Attachment 8).
The Company is currently planning to conduct geothermal
development activities (exploitation and production) in the
Geothermal WKP in Liki Pinangawan Muaralaboh that can be
used as a power source, so that AMDAL document is required.
In 2010, SEML began to carry out exploration activities
including Micro Earth Quake (MEQ) surveys, topographic
surveys, infrastructure construction/civil works and land
clearing for the exploration activities. Drilling
construction at the exploration stage began after the Power
Purchase Agreement with the State Electricity Company (PLN)

153
Laboh 250 MW
was signed. The first exploration well drilling was
conducted in September 2012. The exploration activities aim
to look for potential geothermal energy which is adequate
to build a power plant of 250 MW. This plant will receive a
supply of steam through a steam pipeline flow originating
from 13 (thirteen) wellpads or more with the total number
of 24-27production wells approximately.
Pursuant to Presidential Decree No. 4 of 2010 in
conjunction with Presidential Regulation No. 48 of 2011,
activities of Geothermal Power Plant (PLTP) in Muara Labuh
which is developed by SEML is a national project and
included in Phase II of Accelerated 10.000 MW Power Plant
Development Program.
SEML is a company owned by PT Supreme Energy, GDF Suez (a
company domiciled in France) and Sumitomo Corporation (a
company domiciled in Japan). SEML was established in 2008
and is the developer of the first geothermal power which
has conducted exploration activities among other holders of
Geothermal Mining Business License (IUP) for Phase II,
after the issuance of Law No. 27 of 2003 on Geothermal.
Based on the results of the study of SEML, geothermal
fields in Muara Laboh have prospective geothermal reserves
of 300 MW. Muara Laboh geothermal field is able to produce
wet steam (2 phases) having enthalpy which varies from a

154
Laboh 250 MW
low enthalpy of 1025 kJ/kg to a high enthalpy of 2000 kJ /
kg. In accordance with the reserve potential and
characteristics of geothermal steam, SEML originally
intended to build a geothermal power plant (PLTP) with a
capacity of 250 MW using a Single and Dual Fash Steam Cycle
technology.
SEML estimates that the Geothermal Development Project in
Muara Laboh is capable of generating 250 MW of electricity
with Single and Dual Fash Steam Cycle technology. Various
facilities have been constructed at the project site, such
as the base camp, laydown area, access road to the project,
wellpad and other project facilities. Even the land
acquisition of about 125 hectares have been performed and
almost completed. Exploration drilling has also been
conducted in 5 (five) wellpads. However, based on the
results of the exploration drilling some wellpad locations
do not have the prospects to be developed into a production
well. Out of 6 (six) exploration wells which have been
drilled in 5 (five) wellpads, namely ML-A, ML-B, ML-C, ML-E
and ML-H, the wells which have the potential to be
developed into production wells site are only the wells
located in Wellpad ML-A and ML-H, namely ML-A1, ML-H1 and
ML-H2. The exploration well drilling activities that have
been performed by SEML in various wellpads gave the
following results:
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Laboh 250 MW
Table 0-2 Result of Exploration Well Driling
Result of
Well location Follow up
exploration
ML-A1 Successful HP Production
well
ML-H1 Marginal LP Production
well
ML-H2 Marginal Injection well
ML-B1 Fail Injection well
ML-E1 Fail Injection well
ML-C1 Fail Monitoring well
Remarks: - HP = High pressure - LP = Low pressure
Based on the exploration results only ML-A1 well produces
HP steam and ML-H1 well produces LP steam that can be
further developed into production wells. Other wells are
classified as failed production wells, thus it will be used
as brine injection and condensate wells. Brine is a liquid
from the reservoir which are carried by the steam rising to
the ground surface, while the condensate fluid is steam
that condenses in the condenser of a Geothermal Power
Plant. Both fluids are classified as wastewater with high
TDS levels that must be returned to the reservoir through
injection wells.
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Laboh 250 MW
The planned activities that have been performed up to this
stage are as follows:
1) The land clearing activities for the project and access
road to the project site, having a total area of 125
hectares.
2) Labor recruitment for the project, both skilled and
general labor.
3) Civil works to carry out the construction of the access
road to the project site, access road to the wellpad
site, construction of Wellpads ML-A, ML-B, ML-C, ML-D,
ML-E, and ML-H, the construction of base camp, laydown
areas and other supporting facilities.
4) The transportation of construction materials and
drilling equipment from outside the project site to the
project site.
5) Drilling of exploration wells in Wellpad ML-A, ML-B, ML-
C, ML-E, and ML-H up to well production testing
activities.
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Map 0-4 Location of Project Site of 250 MW Muara Laboh Geothermal Power Plant

158
2.5 ACTIVITIES THAT HAVE BEEN AND WILL BE UNDERTAKEN
Currently SEML is evaluating the feasibility of geothermal
projects in Muara Laboh, in terms of technical, economic
and environmental feasibilities. The results of the
technical and economic feasibility of Muara Laboh project
based on the Project’s Feasibility Study can be summarized
as follows:
2.5.1 Wellpad Prospects
The 1st phase development relies on geothermal resources
derived from Wellpad ML-A and ML-H, while Wellpad ML-I, ML-
J and other Wellpads will be used as a source of geothermal
energy for the next development stage. Furthermore, Wellpad
ML-B, ML and ML-E-D will be used as injection wells.
As the basis for the calculation of optimization, the
wellhead pressure is set at an average of 10 bar absolute.
1) ML-A production Wellpad
ML-A1 is the most productive wells which is capable of
producing up to 25 MW of steam. The flow rate of steam from
ML-A1 is 7.25 t/h, which is equivalent to 2 kg/s. The
reservoir of such wells consist of liquid having a
temperature of 2350C, therefore Wellpad ML-A can still be
developed further for production drilling. The plan for the

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Laboh 250 MW
future is to perform drilling at Wellpad ML-A in which each
well drilled is expected to be able to generate steam which
is equivalent to 10 MW. The Steam has an enthalpy of 1,200
kJ/kg based on empirical experience which is expected to
increase to 2,000 kJ / kg in 10-15 years of operation. As
the enthalpy increases, the brine content will become
lower, hence reducing the formation of LP steam (low
pressure geothermal steam).
2) ML-H Production Wellpad
At this time the ML and ML-H2 wells have low productivity.
ML-H1 well is capable of producing low pressure geothermal
steam (LP steam), while ML-H2 wells can only be used as an
injection well. Therefore, the drilling of new wells in
Wellpad ML-H which is expected to generate steam each well
of 10 MW at an enthalphy which ranges between 1100 and 1200
kJ / kg must be done in the future. The enthalpy of the
said wells will decline gradually, hence the brine levels
will also gradually increase. Thus the production wells on
Wellpad ML-H is only useful as an additional supply of LP
steam in the Geothermal Power Plant that uses the Dual
Flash Steam Cycle System technology.
2.5.2 Selection of Production Capacity of Geothermal Power Plant
At the beginning of evaluation, the geothermal field in
Muara Laboh can only be developed to produce 60 MW of

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Laboh 250 MW
electricity with Single Flash Steam Cycle technology. The
consequences of that choice will result in a decrease in
production within a few years of operation, thus an
additional supply of 20 MW steam is needed. The Single
Flash technology is proven to be not the best option, so
SEML is trying to develop a geothermal power plant using
the Dual Flash Steam Cycle technology. The Dual Flash Steam
Cycle Technology generates additional production of low
pressure steam (LP steam) from the first HP Brine Flashing.
Based on the result of drilling evaluation and reservoir
model numerical analysis, Muara Laboh geothermal field has
a capacity of 70 MW when Dual Flash Steam Cycle is used.
Production of 70 MW consists of 60 MW generated from the
high-pressure steam (HP steam) and 10 MW from low pressure
steam or LP (flash) steam and additional LP steam from ML-
H1 wells. Thus the design of the geothermal steam
collection system (SGS = Steam Gathering System) is based
on a capacity of 70 MW. In other words, at phase 1, SEML
intends to first build a geothermal power plant with a
capacity of 70 MW using Dual Flash Steam Cycle System and
will increase its capacity when addtitional geothermal
sources can be generated.
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Laboh 250 MW
2.5.3 Planned Drilling Activity at Wellpad A dan H
In order to meet the production target of 70 MW with Dual
Flash Steam Cycle technology, it is necessary to drill
additional wells at Wellpad ML-A and ML-H. The drilling
plan will be carried out as follows:
1) Planned drilling of 4 (four) production wells at Wellpad
ML-A.
Wellpad ML-A is expected to generate high-pressure steam
(steam HPP) with a capacity of 10 MW on each well.
Therefore drilling of 3 (three) to 4 (four) production
wells at Wellpad ML-A to produce steam equivalent to 30 MW
is needed.
2) Planned Drilling of 3 (three) production wells at
Wellpad ML-H
Different from the wells at Wellpad ML-A which are capable
of producing high-capacity HP steam, the wells at Wellpad
ML-H produce only low pressure steam (LP steam) with
capacities ranging between 3-5 MW for each well. Therefore
the drilling of three (3) new wells at Wellpad ML-H which
is expected to generate 10 MW steam HP with enthalphy which
ranges between 1100 and 1200 kJ / kg is necessary. Thus the
production wells at Wellpad ML-H is only useful to supply a
small portion HP and LP steams to Geothermal Power Plant
that uses Dual Flash Steam Cycle System technology.

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2.6 PLANNED ADDITIONAL ACTIVITIES
According to the results of project evaluation only Wellpad
MLA and ML-H are productive, so at phase 1 geothermal field
of Muara Laboh can only be developed to a capacity of 70
MW. The project can run with some additional project
facilities. Thus the scope of the proposed additional
activities must be further studied in the Addendum to ANDAL
and RKL-RPL as follows:
2.6.1 Planned Labor Recruitment
SEML will perform labor recruitment (recruitment) during
construction and operation phase. Labor for construction
shall include drilling and construction workers of the PLTP
(Geothermal Power Plant). For the preparation of the next
start up of the PLTP, SEML will prepare manpower for the
operation of SGS and the PLTP.
Labor requirements will be met according to the stage of
development of SEML project in Muara Laboh, in which the
number of labor required by the Company and their
qualifications will certainly be fluctuated from time to
time, depending on the types and scopes of the activities
themselves.
Due to the nature of the work to be performed by SEML
before the operation of a project, most of the work will be
done by contractors in accordance with their respective

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areas of competence, including the use of labor that will
carry out the said works.
The Muara Laboh Geothermal Power Plant development
activities will absorb the labor directly employed by SEML
as well as those employed by contractors. The
qualifications of the workforce will be tailored to the
requirements, so that the projects implemented can be
completed in timely manner and within the predetermined
budget.
During the construction phase, it is expected that 2000 to
2500 people will be gradually employed, both as permanent
and non-permanent workers with various fields of knowledge
and skills. The labor to be recruited for this project, to
the extent possible, is from local workforce having
qualifications needed for the project of the Company. It is
estimated that about 15% will come from the vicinity of the
activity location.
Activities in this phase will include the improvement of
connecting roads between wells, improvement of existing
wellpads, drilling of production wells, injection wells,
installation of wellpad equipment such as separators,
accumulators, pipe production and injection pipes and the
construction of Geothermal Power Plant.
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2.6.2 Planned Addition of New Wellpads
In addition, SEML is also planning to add new wellpads for
additional production wells in order to seek additional
geothermal reserves.
There are 7 (seven) new wellpads planned to be added, all
of which are located within the project boundary. The
Locations of the 7 new wellpads are shown in Table 0-3.
Table 0-3 Coordinates of Planned Additional New Wellpads
UTM Coordinates
Wellpad Code
Easting Northing
ML-F 736705 9819340
ML-I 736410 9819270
ML-J 736405 9819905
ML-06 737780 9819050
ML-07 738260 9818940
ML-08 737610 9821545
ML-09 736420 9823780
Source: SEML, 2014
2.6.3 Planned Earthwork
The planned earthworks shall include: road and pipelines,
wellpad, basecamp, geothermal power plant, laydown areas
construction works and so on. Based on the calculation, the
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Laboh 250 MW
amount of cut and fill material that would result from
additional activities are as many as 375 100 m3
The detailed earthworks are presented in Table 0-4.
Table 0-4 Estimated Cut and Fill in Earthworks
Estimated in
No. Activity
Cubic (m3)
1. Road Construction 116.358
2. Wellpad 154.670
PLTP (Geothermal Power
3. Plant) and its 104.034
Facilities
Total 375,062
Rounding Up 375.100
Source: SEML, 2014
2.6.4 Planned Construction of 70 MW Geothermal Power Plant
SEML has opted to build a geothermal power plant with a
capacity of 70 MW using Dual Flash Steam Cycle technology.
The choice made on the geothermal power plant capacity and
technology is based on the following considerations:
 Potential sources of geothermal relies on wells at
Wellpad ML-A, which produces HP steam, while the wells
at Wellpad ML-H produces HP steam and LP steam in a
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small amount so it is only useful as an additional
supply of LP steam.
 HP steam from wells at Wellpad ML-A and small amount of
additional HP from wells at Wellpad ML-H is capable of
generating 60 MW, and LP steam flash plus additional
supply of LP steam from wells at Wellpad ML-H can
produce additional production of 10 MW, bringing the
total production of the Geothermal Power Plant to 70 MW
In the Power Plant, HP and LP steam enters the double-flow
turbine to drive a 2-pole electric generator of 3,000 rpm
(50 Hz). The Flow Chart of a Geothermal Power Plant that
uses Dual Flash Steam Cycle technology is presented in
Figure II-1.
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Laboh 250 MW
Figure 0-1 Flow Chart of Geothermal Power Plant with Dual
Flash Steam Cycle System
Wellhead pressure is estimated at 10 bars and HP steam
separation operation will take place at a pressure of 9.1
bar and a pressure drop (pressure drop) of 0.4 bar so that
HP steam to the geothermal power plant is at a pressure of
8.7 bar. Furthermore, in order to prevent the formation of
silica, the LP Separator operating pressure should not
exceed 4 bar. Therefore the LP steam entering the turbine
has a pressure of 3.8 bar. Thus, HP steam entering the
turbine has an estimated pressure of 8.7 bar, while the LP

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Laboh 250 MW
steam pressure is 3.8 bar. In summary the main parameters
of the geothermal power plant are presented in Table 0-5.
Table 0-5 Main Parameters of Dual Flash Geothermal Power
Plant
Parameter Value Units
HP steam pressure entering

8,7 Bar
the turbine
LP steam pressure entering

3,8 Bar
the turbine
Flow rate of HP steam 120 kg/s
Flow rate of LP steam 24,5 kg/s
Condenser Pressure 0,1 bara
Power Generator Outcome 70 MW
Electrical Load for

3,3 MW
operation
Net power generated by

66,7 MW
GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT
kg/s/MW
Steam rate of HP 2,0
gross
kg/s/MW
Steam rate of LP 2,45
gross
Source: SEML, 2014
Some of warm condensate from the condenser flows into the
injection wells, while the remaining is further cooled, and

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Laboh 250 MW
after it is cold it is used to cool the Condenser. Wet bulb
temperature has an average of 19,70C which allows
mechanical induced draft cooling to be used for cooling the
condensate of Geothermal. The fluid flow is done with
counter-current, meaning warm condensate is sprayed from
the top of Cooling Tower, while cold air flows from the
bottom towards the top so that there are contacts between
warm condensate and cold air. As the result, condensate is
cooled and reused as a condenser coolant, while the warm
air flows out of the Cooling Tower.
Plant layout of the Geothermal Power Plant and the position
of the cooling tower are presented in Error! Reference
ource not found..
2.6.5 Planned Construction of Switchyard and Electricity Connection to PLN

Transmission Grid.
At Phase 1 SEML intends to develop Muara Laboh geothermal
field to generate electric power of 70 MW at a voltage of
150 kV at switchyard position. The switchyard is the end
point of connection to the transmission network of PLN
based on the agreement set forth in PPA (Power Purchase
Agreement). Then from this switchyard, PLN will connect and
supply power through the 150 kV transmission network to PLN
Substation at Sungai Rumbai. The Switchyard diagram is
presented in
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Laboh 250 MW
Figure 0-3.
171
Figure 0-2 Layout of Muara Laboh Geothermal Power Plant

172
Figure 0-3 Diagram of Switchyard of Muara Laboh Geothermal Power Plant

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Addendum to ANDAL and RKL-RPL of Geothermal Development Activities for 250 MW Muara Laboh GEOTHERMAL POWER
PLANT
2.6.6 Planned Construction of Steam Gathering System
The Steam Gathering System or SGS generally consists of
pipelines from wellpads and separators toward the Geothermal
Power Plant. 2-Phase steam originating from each production
well is separated in the separator to form dry steam and the
remaining will be in the form of liquid brine. Then dry steam
produced is sent through the production pipeline to the
geothermal power plant, while the brine is returned to the
reservoir through injection wells.
1) Pipelines system for 2-phase fluids from the wellpad
Based on the exploration results, SEML has determined 2 (two)
wellpads which are potentially to become the source of steam
for production, namely Wellpad ML-A and Wellpad ML-H. The
current capacity and planned increase in production capacity
of the two wellpads are as follows:
a) Wellpad ML-A
Currently there is 1 (one) well at Wellpad ML-A namely the ML-
A1 well and SEML plans to drill another three (3) to four (4)
production wells. Wells from Wellpad ML-A is expected to
generate steam in the amount as described below:
- The existing well, namely ML-A1 has 25 MW HP steam
production capacity, with 2-phase steam flow rate of 140
kg/s with the enthalpy approximately 1.500 kJ/kg.
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- The addition of 3 (three) new wells ML-Ax with HP steam
production capacity of the wells is 30 MW. 2-Phase steam
flow rate is 93 kg/s at the wellhead pressure of 10 bara
and the enthalpy ranges between 1.200 and 2.000 kJ/kg.
The diameter (DN) of 2-phase fluid pipe for each high pressure
pipeline is as follows:
- Branch pipeline ML-A1 and ML-Ax – DN 450 or DN 500.
- HP two phase header – DN 1050.
b) Wellpad ML-H
The second prospect is Wellpad ML-H which is located at the
height of 1.140 m asl. Currently in Wellpad ML-H area there
is one (1) production well, namely ML-H1 and approximately
another three (3) new wells are planned to be added. Thus,
Wellpad ML-H capacity is as follows:
- The current well, namely ML-H1 LP has a steam production
capacity of 5 MW. The 2-phase steam flow rate of 70 kg/s
with enthalpy ranging between 970-1040 kJ/kg.
- Additional three (3) new ML-Hx wells have HP steam
production capacity of 10 MW. The 2-phase steam flow rate of
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each well is 118 kg/s at a pressure of 10 bars with enthalpy
ranging between 1100 and 1200 kJ / kg.
The diameter (DN) of two-phase fluid pipes for each low-
pressure pipe is as follows:
- The Branch Pipe of ML-H1 dan ML-Hx wells- DN 450 (diameter
in = 450 mm).
- LP two phase header – DN 500.
- HP two phase cross country line – DN 750.
Therefore, all production wells of Wellpad ML-A and ML-H are
capable of generating 65 MW HP steam and 5 MW LP steam.
Furthermore, after being separated in the separator 60 MP HP
steam and 10 LP steam will be formed which will further be
sent to a Geothermal Power Plant via the steam pipelines.
Geothermal steam gathering systems and 2-phase fluid pipelines
are presented in Figure 0-4.
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Addendum to ANDAL and RKL-RPL of Geothermal Development Activities for 250 MW Muara Laboh GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT
Figure 0-4 2-Phase Fluid Pipelines Network System
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PLANT
2) Steam and brine separation system in Separator
Each well at Wellpad ML-A and ML-H is equipped with a
separator that functions to separate the steam and brine.
Ideally, this separator is capable of producing dry steam
without brine. The Separator facility at each Wellpad are as
follows:
a) ML-A Separator Station (SS1)
SS1 consists of two (2) HP Separator units, each of which is
able to deliver 30 MW HP steam and is equipped with one (1)
unit LP Separator designed to be able to separate the
(flashing) HP brine to 8 MW LP steam and brine. Thus SS1 can
serve the separation of 60 MW HP steam and 8 MW LP steam. HP
brine is brine which actually still contains steam, so if
discharged directly into the environment it would be a waste
of natural resources. HP brine can still be obtained by the LP
steam that can be used as an additional supply of LP steam to
the turbine.
b) ML-H Separator Station (SS2)
SS2 consists of one (1) LP Separator unit which functions to
separate the brine and steam that is designed to be capable of
sending 5 MW LP steam. With the additional three production
wells, then the Wellpad ML-H requires one (1) additional unit
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of HP Separator with a capacity of 10 MW HP Steam. In addition
to the separator, Wellpad ML-H is also equipped with a flash
tank, pond drilling and thermal pond.
All brines from the LP Separator flow into the pond (pond)
located at Wellpad ML-A, which then flow into the injection
well. The size of each Separator is presented on Tabel 0-6.
Tabel 0-6 Size of HP Separator and LP Separator
30 MW HP 8 MW LP 5 MW LP
Description Separator in Separator in Separator in
SS1 area SS1 area SS2 area
Diameter (m) 2,7 2,6 1,75
Height 8,5 10,5 4,5
Inlet (DN) - 750 600 450
mm
Inlet type scrolled scrolled scrolled
Steam outlet - 900 750 500
mm
Brine outlet - 400 500 250
mm
Source: SEML, 2014
Upon the completion of drilling, the former drilling pond
which will not be backfilled, will be used as thermal pond to
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temporarily accommodate brine during an emergency (EDV -
Emergency Dump Valve). Furthermore brine can be returned to
the reservoir through injection wells.
3) Chemical properties of steam and brine fluids separated in
Separator
Based on the analysis of ML-A1, ML-H1, ML-H2 wells in, it is
indicated that the brine coming from geothermal wells of Muara
Laboh has a low level of TDS. Scaling test was conducted on
ML-A1 wells and wells ML-H1. The conclusion is that the silica
saturation will occur when steam is separated from brine at a
temperature of 1440C or at a pressure of 4 bars. Therefore, in
order to prevent the formation of silica then pressure in the
separation operation of steam and brine should be less than 4
bars. The steam does not only contain brine but also gas
ranging from 0.5 to 0.7% by weight so that according to the
criteria of the size of the geothermal, the gas content is
moderate. 2-phase fluid coming out from the well head are
separated in the separator to form liquid in the form of brine
and steam s. Chemical properties of the brine is presented in
Table 0-7.
Table 0-7 Chemical Properties of Brine Separated at Separator
Parameter Typical Low High Unit
pH 6,8 6,0 7,5 −
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Na 1184 947 1545 mg/kg
K 210 168 274 mg/kg
Ca 30 24 39 mg/kg
Cl 1961 1569 2559 mg/kg
SO4 39 31 51 mg/kg
B 68 54 89 mg/kg
SiO2 567 454 740 mg/kg
Total 4.059 3.247 5.297 mg/kg
Source: SEML, 2014
Boron is the main nutrient for plant growth, so its presence
in soil and irrigation water is important in determining
agricultural production. Boron plays an important role in
shaping the structure of the cell wall, taking care of the
plasma membrane and regulate metabolic pathways. The average
needs of the plant is 0.2 mg/L and become toxic at levels of
1-2 mg / L, but not all the leaves of plants sensitive to
boron, there are some which are even resistant to Boron up to
the content of 250-300 mg/kg (dry weight). In nature the
element Boron (B) is in the form of borax compounds
Na2B4O7.10H2O or Na2[B4O5(OH)4]·8H2O.
Ions of Na, K, Ca, Cl, SO4, SiO 2 and B is soluble in brine
water and measured as TDS (Total Dissolved Solid). So the
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brine TDS levels of approximately 4059 mg/kg or less than 5000
mg/kg as the limit for the minimum TDS brackish water, so that
the brine has relatively low levels of TDS. Nevertheless, the
brine must not be discharged into the body of river water
having a very low TDS level of less than 50 mg/kg. Therefore,
it is absolute that the brine should be returned to the
reservoir through injection wells, in addition, this is to
prevent environmental pollution as well as to maintain the
content of the geothermal reservoir.
Steam that is separated from the Separator which has the gas
content that cannot condensate is called NCG (Non Condensable
Gas). NCG is dissolved in the steam so that it is always
contained in the steam until the dry steam enters the turbine.
Furthermore, in the Condenser of GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT, NCG
is separated from the steam, then it is released into the
atmosphere hence potentially producing H2S gas emission. NCG
chemical properties contained in the steam are presented in
Table 0-8.
Table 0-8 Chemical Properties of NCG in Steam Separated at
Separator
CO2 4.740 2.370 14.220 mg/kg
H2S 118 59 354 mg/kg
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NH3 2,1 1,1 6,3 mg/kg
H2 1,2 0,6 3,6 mg/kg
CH4 1,8 0,9 5,4 mg/kg
N2 54 27 162 mg/kg
Source: SEML, 2014
Among the said NCGs, H2S gas is a gas that potentially creates
emissions that have significant impact on the environment,
while the other gases have less significant effects. Levels of
ammonia gas (NH3) is relatively small so it does not impact on
the environment. The CO2 is not a pollutant, but in a very
large amount, it can have an impact on the global climate. The
presence of CO2 in a geothermal project is relatively small so
that they can be absorbed by forests around the project site
that need photosynthesis for its plants.
2.6.7 Planned Construction of 1-Phase Fluid Pipelines
There are three (3) 1-phase fluid pipeline systems, namely
steam pipelines, brine pipelines and condensate pipelines.
Steam pipelines channel the hot steam from the Separator to
the geothermal power plant, and the brine pipelines channel
the brine from the separator to the injection wells, while the
condensate pipelines channel condensate water from Condenser
of the geothermal power plant to the injection wells.
1) Steam Pipelines
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The high-pressure pipeline of 320 m long with a diameter of DN
1200 has the function to send 60 MW HP steam from the SS1 to
the Geothermal Power Plant. Afterwards, the pipeline of 750 m
long with diameter of DN 750 LP channels 8 MW steam from SS1
to the connection pipe of ML-H of 1,140 m with a diameter of
DN 600. The steam flow through the high pressured pipelines
(HP steam) may experience a pressure drop of 0.16 bars.
The low pressure pipeline channels 5 MW LP steam from Wellpad
ML-H which afterwards meet 8 MW steam from the LP Separator
SS1. The combined size of the pipeline is equivalent to 10 MW
LP steam. Steam flow through a low pressure pipeline (LP
steam) may experience a pressure drop of 0.14 bars.
The entire pipeline is equipped with a CDP (Condensate Drain
Port) with an interval of 200 m in order to accommodate the
condensate formed during the course of the flow of steam to
the geothermal power plant. Thus there will be:
- 6 CDPs on LP steam pipelines from Wellpad ML-H to SS1.
- 2 or more CDPs on LP steam pipelines from SS1 to GEOTHERMAL
POWER PLANT.
- 2 or more CDPs at HP steam pipeline from SS1 to GEOTHERMAL
POWER PLANT.
The condensate formed is contained at each pot, then flows to
the nearest Thermal Pond or condensate reservoir in a

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geothermal power plant through the channel created
specifically along the pipeline.
2) Brine pipelines and injection wellpads
Brine from SS1 is sent to be injected into the well at Wellpad
ML-D through a pipeline of 2,320 m and to Wellpad ML-E through
a pipeline of 3,840 m long. Wellpad ML-E elevation is 1,210 m
above sea level and Wellpad ML-D is 1.090, so the difference
in the elevation between SS1 and wellpad allows the flowing of
brine by gravity. Wellpad ML-D functions as wellpad for main
injection at a flow rate of 120 liters/sec, while the Wellpad
ML-E functions as a reserve injection wellpad .
Injection wells are designed with brine flow capacity of 375-
400 kg/s, although the normal operation of the brine flow rate
is only 120-140 kg/s. The size of the brine pipes used are as
follows:
- The pipeline from the wells at Wellpad ML-A to Wellpad ML-E
uses the pipe of DN 600 type.
- The pipeline from the wells at Wellpad ML-E to Wellpad ML-D
uses the pipe of DN 500 type.
- All branches of the injection pipelines use pipe of DN 300
type.
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In a normal operation, the brine from Wellpad ML-H are
injected into ML-H2 wells, however, in emergencies, brine flow
to SS1 which then flow into the injection wells along with
brine from SS1 to the injection wells at Wellpad ML-D. In
accordance with the project area topography, brine can flow
into the injection wells by gravity
3) Condensate pipelines and wellpads for injection wells
The condensate from the Geothermal Power Plant Condenser flows
into the wells at Wellpad ML-B, however, as a reserve or in an
emergency situation, it can also flow to Wellpad ML-E with a
flow rate of 140 liters/sec. Thus no condensate is discharged
into the body of river water. The distance between the
Condenser of the geothermal power plant to Wellpad ML-B is
approximately 1200 m. The condensate flow rate is estimated at
45 kg/sec so a condensate pipe type DN 250 is needed. The
flowing of condensate into injection wells requires pumps that
has a static pressure of 20 bars.
In general, the land in Muara Laboh has many boulders, thus
there will be many obstructions in construction during the
installation of piles for the pipeline. Therefore a special
foundation design of the pipeline is required in accordance
with the characteristics of rocky ground at the project site.
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The pipeline will generally be constructed according to
existing road construction in order to facilitate the process
of construction, maintenance and operation and examination at
the time of production. The pipeline requires the slope
requirement, certain security and safety measures hence the
pipeline will require cut and fill works to align with slope
requirements and the flowing by using gravity.
The pipelines consists of dry steam, wet steam, brine and
condensate pipes. On the left or right side of the pipeline,
drainage channels and inspection road parallel to the pipeline
will also be built. In the pipeline, where there is no access
road a crossing track will be constructed such as crossings
with roads, rivers or other crossings.
The pipelines are designed to withstand high pressure and an
earthquake of 7 SR. It is therefore less likely to leak due to
the disaster. In addition, eachgeothermal well is equipped
with a safety valve to prevent the spread bursts of steam in
the event of a leak.
2.6.8 Planned Construction of Project Facilities
Muara Laboh Geothermal field development project is equipped
with several project facilities. Several facilities to be
constructed include domestic water supply and treatment, storm
water treatment, waste water treatment plants, chemical
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PLANT
storage, workshops, fire fighting system, emergency power and
project administrative office facilities.
1) Domestic water supply and treatment
During the operation, the project requires process water and
water for various purposes and potable water. Total raw water
requirement of 130 m3/hr is taken from the Bangko Jernih
River, which will be further processed in the WTP (Water
Treatment Plant). The WTP consists of Settling Pond, Water
Basin, Clarifier, Sand & Carbon Filter and Water Storage.
River water flows into the Settling Pond to precipitate the
rough mud, and then sent to the Water Basin as a reserve of
raw water. Further the water is cleaned in the Clarifier with
the aid of a chemical coagulant and flocculant. Periodically,
sludge is blown down into the mud reservoir, while the clean
water is reprocessed with the Sand Filter. The smell of gas
dissolved in the water is absorbed in a Carbon Filter, and
then injected with chlorine as a disinfectant in order to
produce process water. Furthermore, the treated water is
stored in a water storage tank, and then distributed to all
units of water users. Flow chart of water treatment and water
mass balance is presented in the following figure:
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PLANT
Figure 0-5 Flow Chart of WTP dan Water Mass Balance
Water consumption for the production of drilling mud (mud) or
drilling circulation is in an average of 8 m3/hour which will
last for two (2) months for each drilling well. At any
drilling, water collected in the Water Pond and Mud Pond in
every wellpad up to 6,000 m3 volume. During the drilling
process, the water is circulated at a rate of 30-60
liters/sec. Upon the completion of drilling, the remaining
water and drilling mud flow into the injection wells.
2) Storm water treatment
This facility serves to channel and direct the rain water to
prevent it from mixing with waste water. Storm water treatment
consists of a rain water channel the ends of which are
sustained by the Settling Pond. This rain water has no
pollutant levels hence it can be released directly from the
Settling Pond into the body of water.
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Each fuel and chemical tanks are surrounded by bundwall to
localize spills which will further flow through a special
drainage towards the WWTP (Waste Water Treatment Plant).
3) Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP)
Waste water from the PLTP (Geothermal Power Plant) is
originating from oil spills from the workshop and oil tank
and spills with low content of chemical substances.
So the chemicals contained in the PLTP waste water are
primarily consisting of hydrocarbon and TDS.
The WWTP is a simple unit consisting of Settling Pond, Oil
Trap and Holding Pond.
Processed wastewater flows into the condensate Holding Pond,
and periodically, the waste water is discharged together with
the condensate water to the injection wells. Oil and used oil
which have been separated from the Oil Trap are contained in
the drum. Then together with the drum, used oil from the
workshop is used by a third party processing the used oil. The
diagram of wastewater treatment is shown in the following
figure.
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PLANT
Figure 0-6 Waste Water Treatment Diagram
4) Chemical storage
The PLTP (Geothermal Power Plant) is also equipped with a tank
of liquid chemicals and solid chemicals warehouse. Liquid
chemicals comprises among others sulfuric acid or hydrochloric
acid, oil, and other liquid fuels, while solid chemical
consists of for example alum, chlorine, and so on. The liquid
chemical storage tank is surrounded by the bundwall as a
barrier to prevent spills from the tank from spreading
throughout the water ditch, so that it is collected in in the
collection sump.
5) Workshop
Workshops are located near the Lay Down area which includes
the heavy equipment workshop, machinery workshop and
electrical workshop. Heavy equipment and machinery maintenance
activities will generate used oil which is then stored in
drums. During maintenance activities of machineries and heavy
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PLANT
equipment there is possibility of oil spills which will be
colllected in the oil collection sump. Oil spills which are
not collected will be captured by the Oil Trap in the WWTP.
Furthermore, the separated oil is stored in drums, which are
then used by the used oil processing plant.
6) Fire fighting system
The project are also equipped with portable fire extinguishers
available in every area to overcome minor emergency situation.
For large-scale fires, the project is also equipped with a
fire pump and hydrant pipe.
7) Emergency shutdown
In case of emergency, the Geothermal Power Plant is also
equipped with an emergency shutdown until all operating units
automatically stop safely in a short time. During the
emergency shutdown, steam will be temporarily transferred to
the Rock Muffler and then released into the atmosphere until
the main steam supply valve is fully closed. The Rock Muffler
is used to dampen noise when steam is released into the
atmosphere (steam venting), during disturbances of turbines
operation or Power Plant operation in an emergency. The Rock
Muffler has a length of 13 m, width of 10 m and height of 4 m.
A diesel power generator will also be available at the Power
Plant which will be used to supply power in an emergency.
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8) Project administration office facilities
A project administration office will also be built in the
Power Plant area, which will be furnished with office
facilities, lighting, water and sanitation. The administration
office is responsible for providing steam production services
at SGS, Power Plant as well as access to supply of electricity
to PLN.
2.7 DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PERFORMANCE
The implementation of the Environmental Management Plan (RKL)
and Environmental Monitoring Plan (RPL) by SEML is based on
ANDAL and RKL-RPL documents in 2013, namely Decree on the
Environmental Permit issued by the Head of Solok Selatan
District Number: 660324-2013 for the Planned Geothermal
Development Activities for 250 MW Muara Laboh Geothermal Power
Plant of Solok Selatan District, West Sumatra Province by PT
Supreme Energy Muara Laboh become an integrated study.
Furthermore ANDAL, RKL and RPL documents and addendum to
ANDAL, RKL and RPL documents shall serve as guidelines for the
environmental management and monitoring of Geothermal
Development activities by PT SEML.
1. Change in Air Quality
193
PLANT
Source of impact : Drilling of production wells,
injection wells, and production well testing,
and construction of a Geothermal Power Plant
The acts of managing which has been performed are as follows:
- Securing the location of wells and appling boundary of the
safety zone for the residents in the vicinity in accordance
with the SOP of SEML.
- Workers who work in the vicinity of the wells should be
equipped with personal protective equipment (PPE),,
including portable H2S concentration monitoring tool and H2S
personal detector.
- Maintaining the construction vehicles.
- Limiting the speed of the vehicle to the maximum of 30
km/hours.
- Watering the road during the dry season.
2. Change of Noise Level
Source of impact : Drilling of production well,
injection
well, and production well testing
Management conducted:
- Determining the buffer zone of noise area.
194
PLANT
- The obligation to use hearing protection equipments for
workers around the production test area.
3. Erosion and Sedimentation Changes
Source of impact : Land clearing
The acts of managing which have been performed are as follows:
- Effiorts have been made to control surface water flow by
constructing a catchpond.
- Erosion has been technically controlled by making channels
along the edge of the access road and around the wellpads.
195
PLANT
Figure 0-7 Management of the Potential Landslide by using
Technology
4. Change of Surface Water Quality
Source of impact : Land clearing, production wells, and
injection well drilling, and production well
testing
The acts of manageing whch have been performed are as follows:
- Management has been done over the surface water flow by
constructing catchponds.
- Trees have been planted perpendicular to the stream or in
line with the contour of the erosion prone area.
196
PLANT
5. Disturbance to Terrestrial Flora and Fauna
Source of impact : Land clearing
- The land clearing has been matched with the blocking area
and the clearing time is according to the the planned
activities (Results of field observations).
- Revegetation has been done with local tree species and
compacted grass on the the drainage opening area in
particular and the vacant area in general.
- Creating and developing nursery grounds or nurseries to
propagate seedlings of local plants to be used for
197
PLANT
reforestation as presented in Table 0-9 and
- Figure 0-8.
Table 0-9 Type of Wood and Fruit Plants Cultivated in Nursery
Number of
No Type of Plant Supplier
Seeds
Wood Plants
1 Mahoni 480 Koperasi PKN
2 Kulit Manis 500 Koperasi PKN
3 Meranti 296 Koperasi PKN
4 Trembesi 115 Koperasi PKN
198
PLANT
Number of
No Type of Plant Supplier
Seeds
5 Meranti - Puspa 186 Koperasi PKN
6 Meranti - Ambun 202 Koperasi PKN
7 Kina - Selibrah 51 Koperasi PKN
8 Surian 231 Koperasi PKN
9 Medang 520 Koperasi PKN
Total 2.581
Fruit Plants
1 Durian 200 Koperasi PKN
2 Nangka Hutan 220 Koperasi PKN
3 Pete 58 Koperasi PKN
4 Matoa 25 Koperasi PKN
5 Manggis 87 Koperasi PKN
6 Alpukat 36 Koperasi PKN
7 Sirsak 48 Koperasi PKN
8 Rambutan 50 Koperasi PKN
9 Makadimia 87 Provided by Site
Support
Jumlah 811
Source: SEML, 2014
199
PLANT
Figure 0-8 Nursery
6. Disturbance to Aquatic biota
Source of impact : Land preparation, production well,
injection well drilling, and production well
testing
- The construction of cement drainage on the left and right
sides of the road and its regular maintenance. However,
since the gap between the drainage has not been entirely
covered by land cover crops (compacted grass), there are
some drainages eroding.
200
PLANT
- Several parts of the watershed area of the activity location
are still open and may result in landslides, erosion and
sedimentation.
7. Opening of Employment and Business Opportunities
Source of impact : Labor recruitment
- Delivery of information on the employment opportunities and
qualification of the labor needed for the Muara Laboh
Geothermal Power Plant development project in Nagari around
the activity location.
- Selection of candidate workers and recruitment of workers in
accordance with a predetermined formation by giving a higher
priority on labor in Nagari around the activity location.
- Education and training programs for the labor employed in
Muara Laboh Geothermal Power Plant as well as community
empowerment.
8. Opening of Business Opportunities
Source of Impact : Labor recruitment
201
PLANT
- With the opening of the access road to the Geothermal Power
Plant development project site in Muara Laboh, SEML has
indirectly supported people to set up new business.
- Programs and activities related to CSR (Corporate Social
Responsibility or CSR) has been implemented even though the
company has not entered production phase
9. Change in the Income of the Community
- The impact of SEML activity on the income of the people
around the activity location is still insiginificant, as
described below:
o There is only a small number of local people working for
FML.
- Construction of traditional market in Kampung Baru.
- Road asphalting activity around the activity location (Blok
0 and Kampung Baru)
202
PLANT
Asphalting in Blok 0
Ashpalting roads in Kampung Baru
Construction of market in Kampung Baru
Figure 0-9 CSR Activities performed by SEML
10. Change of Values and Social Norms
203
PLANT
There is no negative environmental impact on values and social
norms resulting from labor recruitment activities. Labor who
are newcomers in the region did not bring the cultures that
influence the pattern of behavior of the local community.
However, this effect needs to be managed so as not to cause
negative effects in the future. In addition, recruitment
during the construction phase shall prioritize local labor,
for the field of work that suits their skills. It aims to
develop and maintain the level of public trust in the
company's commitment to prioritize local labor.
11. Public Health Disturbance
Source of Impact : Mobilization of equipment and
materials
Field monitoring on the types of diseases that have been in
existence in 6 parts of villages around the project indicates
that there are no additional types of diseases and based on
the data from the Puskesma (Public Health Centre) of Pekan
Selasa the disease suffered most by the public is Upper
Respiratory Tract Infections (ISPA), which is in the first
rank of the list of the 10 most frequently found diseases.
204
PLANT
Monitoring locations that have been worked on by SEML are as
shown in Table 0-10.
205
Table 0-10 Location of Environmental Monitoring Points of SEML
Longitude (BT) Latitude (LS)

No Code Sampling Type Photos Lokasi
Degree Minutes Second Derajat Minute Second
Surface water STA-200 access WP-H,
1 SW-1 and aquatic 101 7 37.06 1 37 31.79 105 meter dari access
biota road
Surface water
121 meter from access
2 SW-2 and aquatic 101 7 31.79 1 36 59.07
D- Sungai
biota
Surface water
3 SW-3 and aquatic 101 8 7.08 1 38 5.40 115 meter dar WP-H
biota
Surface water
100 meter dari
4 SW-4 and aquatic 101 8 1.95 1 36 52.44
jembatan bangko putih
biota
110 meter dari Access

Surface water
road WP-D-Sungai600
5 SW-5 and aquatic 101 7 46.42 1 36 22.01
meter dari akses road
biota
taratak Tinggi
Surface water
900 meter ke Intake -
6 SW-6 and aquatic 101 8 32.18 1 37 58.27
1 WP-B
biota
Surface water 900 meter dari Admin

7 SW-7 101 8 51.64 1 37 2.40
and aquatic Building
206

biota
Surface water
153 meter dari STA-
8 SW-8 and aquatic 101 9 3.3 1 36 0.61
900
biota
Flora and 623 meter dari Power

9 FF-1 101 9 0.35 1 36 19.90
fauna Station
Flora and
10 FF-2 101 8 42.53 1 37 48.08 500 meter dari WP-B
fauna
Flora and
11 FF-3 101 7 45.43 1 38 4.49 204 meter dari Wp-H
fauna
Flora and 100 meterdari access

12 FF-4 101 7 30.93 1 36 49.37
fauna road WP-E
207

13 AQ-1 Water quality 101 7 50.29 1 38 1.64 605 meter dariWP-H
14 AQ-2 Water quality 101 8 27.38 1 37 56.19 251 meter dari WP-B
15 AQ-3 Water quality 101 7 56.51 1 37 44.93 204 meter dari WP-A
250 meter ke arah

16 AQ-4 Water quality 101 8 16.94 1 36 45.94
jurang WP-B
492 meter dari power

17 AQ-5 Water quality 101 8 56.01 1 36 21.53
station
154 meter dari STA-

18 AQ-6 Water quality 101 8 24.3 1 35 45.55
100 Taratak Tinggi
200 meter dari akses

19 AQ-7 Water quality 101 8 33.95 1 35 1.26
jalan Sapan Sari

20 SE-1 Social 101 8 49.81 1 35 22.57
jalan Pekonina
15 meter dari STA-800

21 SE-2 Social 101 8 16.75 1 35 49.94
Taratak Tinggi
208

22 SE-3 Social 101 7 16.26 1 34 27.47 98 meter dari STA-900

23 SE-4 Social 101 6 57.33 1 32 46.22
jalan Ampalu
150meter dariakses
24 SE-5 Social 101 8 29.11 1 34 48.43
jalan Sapan Sari

25 SE-6 Social 101 7 55.56 1 36 13.85
jalan Taratak Tinggi

26 SE-7 Social 101 9 33.56 1 35 29.50
jalan Liki
75 meter dari STA-200

27 GW-1 People’s Well 101 8 27.34 1 35 44.76
Taratak Tinggi

28 GW-2 People’s Well 101 8 0.25 1 34 44.43
jalan Pinang Awan

29 GW-3 People’s Well 101 8 37.12 1 35 0.69
jalan Sapan Sari
65 meter dari akses

30 S-1 Soil 101 7 50.24 1 38 0.29
jalan WP-H
209

150 meter dari STA +

31 S-2 Soil 101 8 24.77 1 35 55.16
1.800

32 S-3 Soil 101 8 57.87 1 35 57.56
jalan Ampalu

33 S-4 Soil 101 8 33.42 1 37 49.75
masuk WP-B
34 TR-1 Transport 101 8 38.26 1 36 2.17 9meter dari STA-1.800
27 meter dari Blok

35 TR-2 Transport 101 9 0.49 1 35 31.91
Nol
TOTAL 35
Source: SEML, 2014
210
CHAPTER III ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE
For the preparation of Environmental Impact Analysis
(ANDAL) and Environmental Management Plan-Environmental
Monitoring Plan (RKL-RPL) Addendum for Geothermal
Development Activities for 250 MW Geothermal Power Plant
(PLTP), the environmental baseline data presented consists
of environmental baseline data at the time of preparation
of ANDAL and RKL-RPL of PT Supreme Energy Muara Laboh
(SEML) for the year 2013, environmental baseline data
based on Environmental Monitoring Report for the 1st
Period of 2014 and environmental baseline data at the time
of preparation of ANDAL and RKL-RPL Addendum documents.
Environmental baseline data used for the preparation of
the ANDAL and RKL-RPL Addendum are particularly collected
at the planned new PLTP area and representation of new
wellpads. The data collection includes the following
environmental components:
- Air quality and noise
- Soil
- Terrestrial flora and fauna
- Socio-economic culture
- Public Health

211
Addendum - Environmental Impact Analysis (ANDAL) and Environmental Management Plan-Environmental Monitoring
Plan (RKL-RPL) of Geothermal Exploitation Activities for Muara Laboh Geothermal Power Plant (PLTP) 250 MW
3.1 GEOPHYSICS-CHEMICAL COMPONENTS
3.1.1 Climate
Based on the data obtained from the Indonesian Agency for
Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics (Badan
Meteorologi, Klimatologi dan Geofisika), Kerinci
Meteorology Station, during the period from 2002 to 2011,
the climate pattern around the study area, may be
illustrated as follows:
3.1.1.1 Rainfall
Based on Schmidth and Ferguson (1951) climate
classification, the area of planned activities is
classified as Type A (very wet category). According to the
10 year-base data analysis Q value of is obtained as 0.11,
which is categorized as very wet, where the number of dry
months which is the number of months with rainfall less
than 60 mm is 0.83, and the number of wet months which is
the number of months with rainfall more than 100 mm is
9.1.
Between 2002 and 2011, the annual highest rainfall range
was 209 mm with the highest rainfall of 405 mm (this
occurred in March 2005) and the lowest rainfall was 13.7
mm (this occurred in July 2011), as shown in the following
table.
212
Table 0-1 Average Rainfall in the past 10 years (2002 -
2011)
Rainfall (mm)
Year
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
2002 256.3 19.2 285.2 257.4 169.6 108 288.8 81.1 169.7 97.1 233.8 344.8
2003 319.9 289.9 172.7 371 174.9 25.7 201.7 286.3 309.4 229.5 123.3 200.7
2004 232.4 136.6 393.1 233.4 208.6 45.3 282.8 51.5 47 282.2 275 236.6
2005 100.8 69 405.8 183.8 157.2 102.1 89.5 255.1 215.6 265.5 330.2 209.8
2006 280.9 269.7 158.3 379.4 142.4 120.2 119.5 76.1 150.1 105.5 179.5 206.2
2007 333.9 131.7 169.4 218.8 201.8 135.8 234.1 139.1 215.8 166.4 145.3 305.1
2008 144.3 132.8 315.4 239.4 228.9 64.8 82.1 169.9 114.4 276.1 216.5 290.1
2009 160.2 318.2 323 200.5 192.2 149.1 77 115.8 128.4 199.6 310 280.6
2010 122.3 371.5 190.6 241.7 119.9 192.1 309.9 329.1 239.3 352.8 275.8 285.1
2011 82.2 57.7 58.9 328.4 104 44.5 13.7 40.5 82.7 215.4 251.5 148.9
Source: Indonsian Agency for Meteorology, Climatology and
Geophysics (Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi dan Geofisika),
Meteorology Station Kerinci,
Complete monthly rainfall data for the past 10 years are
presented in Figure 0-1.
213
Average Rainfall (mm)
Year
Figure 0-1 Average Rainfall and Number of Annual Rain
Days in the Study Area
3.1.1.2 Speed and Wind Direction
From the data of speed and wind direction of the
Indonesian Agency for Meteorology, Climatology and
Geophysics (Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi dan Geofisika),
Kerinci Meteorology Station, for 2007-2013, it is recorded
that the average wind speed in the study area was 1.12
m/second. The annual average wind speed around the study
area is presented in Figure 0-2.
214
Figure 0-2 Average Annual Windrose
3.1.2 Air Quality
From the measurement results based on the Environmental
Monitoring Report for the 1st Period of 2014, the ambient
air quality monitoring was performed in five (5)
locations. The analysis results of ambient air quality are
presented in Table 0-2 as follows.
Table 0-2 Result of Monitoring of Ambient Air Quality
Based on the Monitoring Report for the 1st
Period of 2014
Sampling location
No Parameter Unit BML*
1 2 3 4 5
1 Dust µg/Nm3 12.08 8.94 24.15 12.99 8.35 230
(TSP)
215
Sampling location
No Parameter Unit BML*
1 2 3 4 5
2 H2S µg/Nm3 6.37 5.36 3.98 3.64 2.99 27.8
3 SO2 µg/Nm3 313.09 247.97 250.21 230.11 100.65 900
4 NO2 µg/Nm3 97.72 70.94 57.50 28.33 25.96 400
5 CO µg/Nm3 277.01 190.97 35.77 84.87 50.08 30,000
Source: Air Quality Laboratory Analysis Results, Unand
Faculty of Engineering, 2014
*In accordance with Government Regulation No. 41 of 1999; H2S
parameter is in accordance with Decree of the Minister of the
Environment No. 50 of 1996.
Sampling location:
1. Wellpad H (WP-H)
2. Around the Planned Power Plant Location
3. Kampung Baru
4. Pinang Awan
5. Wellpad C (WP-C)
The results of air quality measurement performed at three
(3) locations at the time of the preparation of this
Environmental Impact Analysis (ANDAL) and Environmental
Management Plan-Environmental Monitoring Plan (RKL-RPL)
Addendum are shown in Table 0-3.
216
Table 0-3 Results of Measurement of Ambient Air Quality,
November 2014
Analysis Results
Parameter Units BML*) Conclusion
AQ1 Scale AQ2 Scale AQ3 Scale
32.8
SO2 µg/Nm3 900 30.50 5 26.30 5 5 5
0
3,23
CO µg/Nm3 30,000 3,265 4 3,299 4 4 4
2
22.5
NO2 µg/Nm3 400 25.10 5 33.50 5 5 5
0
24.5
O3 µg/Nm3 235 22.60 5 23.10 5 5 5
0
HC µg/Nm3 160 96 4 98 4 92 4 4
TSP µg/Nm3 230 35 4 34 5 44 5 5
<0.0
Pb µg/Nm3 2 <0.08 5 <0.08 5 5 5
8
Source: Measurement results by PT KehatiLabIndonesia for
SEML, 2014
Remarks:
*) Government Regulation Number 41 of 1999 on Air
Pollution Control
N Dry Air Inhalation Volume Unit corrected at Normal
Condition (25°C, 76 cmHg)
Ash (TSP) and Lead (Pb) measurement
AQ1 : Wellpad ML-09 activity location

217
AQ2 : Planned new Geothermal Power Plant location
AQ3 : Wellpad ML-F activity location
The result of two (2) air quality measurements shows that
in general the air quality around of the study areawas
still very good and all parameters of ambient air quality
still fulfilled the standard value required in Government
Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia No. 41 of 1999.
Based on the abovementioned description, it is found that
the environment and ambient air quality are in good
condition (scale 4) and the impact is significant (scale
3).
3.1.3 Noise level
Noise level measurement was done at the same location as
the location of ambient air quality measurement.
Results of noise level measurement at each area can be
seen in Table 0-4 and Table 0-5.
Table 0-4 Results of Monitoring of Noise Level Based on
Report on Monitoring for the 1st Period of 2014
Noise
No Sampling location Units BML*
Level
1 Wellpad H (WP-H) dB(A) 79.5 85
2 Planned Power Plant proximity dB(A) 51.2 65
218
Noise
No Sampling location Units BML*
Level
3 Kampung Baru dB(A) 59.2 60
4 Pinang Awan dB(A) 63.3 60
5 Wellpad C dB(A) 50.9 85
*Point 1 and 5 in accordance with Regulation of the
Minister of Manpower and Transmigration (PerMenakertrans)
No. 13/2011; points 2,3,4 based on Decree of the State
Minister for the Environment (KepMenLH) No. 48/1996
Source: Air Quality Laboratory Analysis Results, FT Unand,
2014
The results of noise level measurement at the time of
preparation of this ANDAL and RKL-RPL Addendum document
performed at four (4) locations are shown in Table 0-5.
Table 0-5 Noise Levels at Locations of Measurement,
November 2014
Noise
Observation
Code BML Level Scale
location
dB(A)
Wellpad ML-09
AQ 1 55 37.8 4
activities location
Planned new
AQ 2 70 60 3
Geothermal Power
219
Noise
Observation
Code BML Level Scale
location
dB(A)
Plant location
Wellpad ML-F
AQ 3 70 57 3
activities location
Camp Site Office

AQ 4 70 58 3
Location
Source: Measurement results by PT KehatiLabIndonesia for
SEML, 2014
Remarks:
Noise level based on Kep-48/MENLH/11/1996
*) Industry70 dB (A)
Noise level at a number of measurement locations is
between 37.8 and 79.5 dBA. Measurement results in general
indicated that the noise condition still meets the
standard value required based on Kep-48/MENLH/11/1996,
both for industrial activities (outdoor) and residential
area. The high level of observation at Wellpad H location
was due to the fact that the observation was made during
the process of production testing.
220
Based on the abovementioned description, it is found that
the environmental quality for noise is in medium condition
(scale 3) and the impact is significant (scale 3).
3.1.4 Topography
The Solok Selatan District is located at 350-430 meters
above sea level, with a topography (landscape) varying
between undulating, hilly and mountainous plains and
valleys, which are part of the Bukit Barisan Mountains
that extend from the north to the south along the west
coast of Sumatera.
Further, topographically, 69.19% of the Solok Selatan area
is located at a slope of above 40 degrees, which is
classified as very steep and prone to the dangers of
landslides, and only approximately15.02% are relatively
flat and sloping. landslide The Solok Selatan District may
be classified into three area types: (1) undulating
plateau area located at the Eastern part, from Lubuk
Malako in Sangir Jujuan Disrict northwards up to Sangir
Batang Hari District ; (2) hilly area, more dominantly
covering Solok Selatan District, from the North to its
central part. (3) the foothills of the valley area which
is in the Western part of the area bordering on the
Pesisir Selatan District and the Southern part, which is
the base of Mount Kerinci.
221
3.1.5 Physiology and Geology
Physiography is characterized by a fault zone which is
associated with an active vulcano. Solok Selatan District
is located on Sumatra Great Fault System (Sumatra Fault),
which is known as Semangko Fault, and is still active.
Sumatra Fault stretches 1,650 kilometers along Teluk
Semangka on the southern end to the Lembah Aceh on the
northern end of Sumatra Island. In general, the direction
of Sumatra Fault Zone is from the southeast to the
northwest, that is parallel to the longitudinal axis of
Sumatra Island.
Based on regional tectonics (tectonic plates), the Sumatra
Fault Zone is also a "Magmatic Arc Zone". The planned
activities area is part of the "thrown down block" which
relates to the shift of the Great Sumatran Fault (Semangko
Fault) to the right, and is composed of pre-tertiary rock
products until the final quarternary of volcanic rocks
that consist of complex metamorphic rocks and volcanic
rock units. Volcanic rocks are differentiated into units
of tertiary volcanic rocks and volcanic quarternary, which
in general are inseparable volcanic rocks, consisting of
alternations of lava, volcanic breccias and tuffs (Map
0-2).
The cross-sectional lithologicl condition of drilling
results can be seen in Table 0-6 and Figure 0-3
222
Table 0-6 Lithological Description
Volcanic
Depth (m MD) Lithology Description
Facies
Surface up to 600 Proximal - Consisting of andesitic
Medial to ballistic lava flows
and pyroclatic rock that
mainly consist of tuff
breccias and minor tuff
which are associated
with Mount Patah
Sembilan volcanic
products.
600 up to 1,000 Medial Consisting of
pyroclastic and volcanic
breccias and tuffs that
are associated with
Mount Patah Sembilan
volcanic products.
1,100 up to 1,400 Medial – Consisting of
Proximal pyroclastic rocks
(dominated by volcanic
breccias) and a small
flow of basatic
andesitic. The
distribution of rocks in
223
Volcanic
Depth (m MD) Lithology Description
Facies
this layer can be
associated with Mount
Patah Sembilan volcanic
products.
1,400 up to 1,400 Medial Comprising mostly of
pyroclastic rocks.
Lithology consists of
volcanic breccias and
tuffs that are
associated with the
oldest Mount Patah
Sembilan volcanic
products.
Source: SEML Sub-surface Department, 2012
224
Figure 0-3 Lithological Cross-Section
225
Map 0-1 Topography in the Proximity of Activity Location

226
Addendum - Environmental Impact Analysis (ANDAL) and Environmental Management Plan-Environmental Monitoring Plan (RKL-RPL) of Geothermal Exploitation Activities for Muara Laboh Geothermal Power Plant (PLTP) 250 MW
Map 0-2 Geological Site of PLTP Muara Laboh (Muara Laboh Geothermal Power Plant)
227
3.1.6 Geotechnics and Seismicity
Historically, soil movement may occur due to the steepness
of the slopes or when triggered by a huge earthquake
causing rock falls etc.
Based on the map of the West Sumatra Provincial Land
Movement at a scale of 1: 1,000,000, in general the
observation area has the characteristics of potential
ground motion with low to medium levels (Map 0-3).
Based on the Earthquake Vulnerability Map (Geology Agency,
2000), Sumatra is divided mainly into 5 areas of
earthquake vulnerability, namely Aceh, North Sumatra, West
Sumatra, Bengkulu, and Lampung areas; with a variable
seismic intensity rate from V to more than VII on the MMI
scale (
Figure 0-4). West Sumatera area which is also an
observation area is an area of destructive earthquakes
with seismic intensity from V to VII or above on the MMI
scale.
Results of a geotechnical survey preliminary study
conducted by SEML with Golder Associates, with the aim of
identifying disaster potentials (geological hazards) or
obstacles that might occur at the operating phase or
geothermal field development, indicates that the Liki

228
Pinangawan Muara Laboh Geothermal Mining Work Area (WKP)
is located in a zone of relatively high seismicity (Zone
5), because it is located along Muara Laboh “Graben” Fault
which is associated with the Great Sumatran Fault zone (
229
Map 0-4).
230
This study also indicates the potential existence of a
number of geological hazards in this area with a level of
probability of occurrence from low to moderate, comprising
of debris flow, flooding, landslides, soil surface cracks
caused by movement of the fault, the vibration caused by
seismicity/earthquake, rock fall and consequential effects
of volcanic eruptions.
231
Addendum - Environmental Impact Analysis (ANDAL) and Environmental Management Plan-Environmental Monitoring Plan (RKL-RPL) of Geothermal Exploitation Activities for Muara Laboh Geothermal
Power Plant (PLTP) 250 MW
P. WE
LAUT MINDANAO
SKALA (SCALE) 1 : 10 000 000
BANDA ACEH LAUT CINA SELATAN 100 50 0 100 200 300 400 km
G. Peuet-Sagoe
I
Burni Telong
_
P. NATUNA KEP. TALAUD
G. Sangir
MEDAN
KEP. ANAMBAS
G. Awu XVII
KEP. SANGIR
G. Banua Wuhu
P. SIMEULEU XXIV G. Karangetang
P. MOROTAI
LAUT NATUNA G. Ruang
LAUT SULAWESI
G. Dukono
MANADO
G. Tangkoko G. Ibu
G.Lokon
P. NIAS
II P. BINTAN _ G. Soputan
G. Mahawu
G. Gamkonora
G. Sorik Marapi
PAKANBARU
KEP. RIAU
XVI G. Gamalama
TERNATE
P. HALMAHERA
GORONTALO G. Kie Besi

Tel. Breda
KEP. BATU
G. Marapi PONTIANAK SAMARINDA TEL. TOMINI
G. Colo (Una-una)
KEP. TOGIAN
LAUT MALUKU XVIII P. WAIGEO
G. Tandikat
XV P. BACAN
MANOKWARI P. BIAK LAUT CAROLINE
III PADANG
G. Talang
PALU
XX XXVII
P. SIBERUT
G. Kerinci JAMBI
P. BANGKA
Tel. Balikpapan
KEP. BANGAI
XXVI KEP. SULA
P. OBI
P. MISOOL
P. SIPORA
Tel. Tolo P. YAPEN
PALANGKARAYA
PANGKALPINANG
P. BELITUNG
LAUT SERAM
XXI JAYAPURA
KEP. PAGAI P. SERAM

PALEMBANG TEL. CENDRAWASIH
P. BURU
BANJARMASIN
IRIAN
Tel. Sebakar XXII
XIX
Tel. Mandar
BENGKULU
G. Kaba
G. Dempo XXV P. LAUT
KENDARI
AMBON
XXIII
IV XIII
Tel. Etna
G. Banda Api TIMIKA

LAUT JAWA
BANDARLAMPUNG
MAKASSAR
XIV P. BUTON LAUT BANDA
P. ENGGANO
V P. BAWEAN P. KABAENA KEP. TUKANGBESI
G. Manuk
KEP. KAI
KEP. ARU Tel. Flamingo

G. Krakatau JAKARTA P. SELAYAR
SERANG
LAUT FLORES G. Nieu Werkerk G. Wetar

G. Lagatala (Serua)
G. Laworkarwa (Nila)
XXVIII
G. Tangkubanparahu LAUT ARU
G.Gede
BANDUNG
G.Ciremai
G.Slamet
SEMARANG
G. Dieng
VIII P. MADURA KEP. KANGEAN
G. Emperor of China
G. Serawawerna (Teon)
G. Wurlali
VI J
G. Galunggung
G.Papandayan
G. Guntur
A W
G. Sundoro
A
G. Merapi
SURABAYA
P. YAMDENA
P. KOLEPOM
YOGYAKARTA G. Arjuno Welirang
G. Kelud G. Bromo
G. Butak Petarangan
G. Ijen
P. SUMBAWA
G. Batu Tara
P. ALOR
P. WETAR
KEP. BABAR XII
P. BALI G. Batur _
G. Semeru G. Raung P. LOMBOK G. Rokatenda G. Lereboleng G. Iliboleng
G. Ililewotolo
VII IX
G. Agung
G. Rinjani
MATARAM
G. Tambora G. Sangeang Api
G. Anak Ranakah P. FLORES
G. Inielika
G. Ebulobo
G. Iliwerung
G. Lewotobi Laki-laki
G. Sirung
X
DENPASAR G. Kelimutu G. Lewotobi Perempuan
G. Iya
LAUT TIMOR LAUT ARAFURA
SELAT SUMBA
P. SUMBA
P. TIMOR
XI + _ + _ + _
LAUT SAWU
KUPANG
P. SAWU
P. CHRISMAST
P. ROTE
SKALA (SCALE) MMI

INDONESIA EARTHQUAKE HAZARD PRONE AREAS
MMI MMI MMI MMI
<V V- VI VI- VII >VII
NOMOR WILAYAH GEMPABUMI MERUSAK
REGION NUMBER OF DESTRUCTIVE EARTHQUAKE
Sesar utama di darat I Aceh XI Timor - Alor XXI Jayapura
Main fault on land
II Sumatera Utara (North) XII Yamdena XXII Paniai & Nabire
Sesar sungkup utama di darat
Main thrustfault on land III Sumatera Barat (West) XIII Sulawesi Selatan (South) XXIII Wamena (Jayawijaya)
IV Bengkulu XIV
Sulawesi Tenggara
Sesar utama lepas pantai (Southeast) XXIV Tarakan
Main fault offshore V Lampung XV Sulawesi Tengah (Central) XXV Kalimantan Selatan (South)
VI Jawa Barat (West) XVI Sulawesi Utara (North) XXVI Peleng
Sesar turun lepas pantai
Normal fault offshore VII Yogyakarta XVII Sangir & Talaud XXVII Biak
Sesar belakang busur lepas pantai VIII Lasem XVIII Halmahera
Back-Arc thrust offshore XXVIII Aru
IX Bali - Lombo XIX Ambon
Lajur tunjaman lepas pantai
Subduction zone offshore X Flores - Sumbawa XX Kepala Burung (Bird Head)
Figure 0-4 Indonesian Seismic Zone
232
Map 0-3 Soil Movement Vulnerability in Solok Selatan District

233
Map 0-4 Seismic Notes from 2004 – 2013

234
Addendum - Environmental Impact Analysis (ANDAL) and Environmental Management Plan-Environmental
Monitoring Plan (RKL-RPL) of Geothermal Exploitation Activities for Muara Laboh Geothermal Power Plant (PLTP)
250 MW
3.1.7 Hydrogeology
Rocks that are outside of the observation area, in
particular the northern area along the Great Sumatran
Fault, from Lake Singkarak, Solok to the observation
area, consist of metamorphic and igneous rocks which
have the characteristics of being solid and hard with
very low water transmissivity, part limestone, old
volcanic rocks (tertiary) which have relatively moderate
water transmissivity properties, and young volcanic
rocks (quarternary), which have moderate to high water
transmissivity characteristics.
Based on the water transmissivity from the
aforementioned rocks, particularly loose sedimentary and
half solid rocks on the surface of the observation area,
are rocks that absorbs metereoric water or rain water,
causing water to be absorbed downwards because it has
moderate to high water transmissivity properties.
Similarly, younger volcanic rocks on the surface of the
observation area can absorb rain water into the
subsurface. In areas outside the observation area, old
and young volcanic rocks on the surface may serve to
absorb meteoric or rain water from the surface to the
subsurface.

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250 MW
At the subsurface, old and young volcanic rocks,
particularly in the observation area, have water
transmissivity levels of moderate to high, and they can
serve as a good aquifer with moderate to high level
water transmissivity properties. It is suspected that
rocks in the observation area can serve as a rock
reservoir, and hard rock at the subsurface can serve as
a bedrock that is heated by a heat source either from
magma underneath Mount Patah Sembilan or also by magma
from the intrusive rocks (grano-diorite) around Hidung
Mancung. As such, from a hydrogeological perspective,
the observation area is an area that has good geothermal

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250 MW
prospects and good geothermal systems (
Map 0-5).

237
Map 0-5 Hydrogeology of Solok Selatan District

238
250 MW
3.1.8 Hydrology
The Solok Selatan District is passed by 18 river flows.
Five of them are in Sangir District, three in Sungai
Pagu District and 10 rivers in other districts. The
rivers that flow generally have adequate depth, are
permanent and have fairly swift currents. In addition,
Solok Selatan District is also one of the four regencies
included in the Batanghari upstream watershed (Daerah
Aliran Sungai / DAS) which flows to the east coast.
Based on the 2008 UKL-UPL document, some information
regarding the hydrology of the Liki Pinangawan Muara
Laboh Geothermal Mining Work Area (WKP) can be described
as follows.
River Characteristics
At the Liki Pinangawan Muara Laboh Geothermal Mining
Work Area (WKP) there are several large and small
rivers, both that cross the study area and on the
outskirts of the site such as Batang Liki, Batang Bangko
Jernih, Batang Pulakek, and Batang Sapan. The existing
rivers generally have a large number of rocks. In
general, the rivers are shallow, ranging between 0.5 m
and 1.5 m. The quality and quantity of river water is
influenced by seasonality, although generally river

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250 MW
water flows continuously during both the dry and wet
seasons.
Stream Pattern
The Liki Pinangawan Muara Laboh Geothermal Mining Work
Area (WKP) has a branching tree-like flow (subdendritic
pattern). The flow pattern is turbulent, due to the
sloping topography and number of rocks, thus great
aeration occurs. Generally, this pattern is found in
hilly areas with a large number of tributaries and hard
rocks.
Catchment Area Condition
The coefficient of flow in Liki Pinangawan Muara Laboh
Geothermal Mining Work Area (WKP) ranges between 0.25
and 0.30. This value indicates that the amount of
rainwater that runs off the surface is between 25% and
30%. On the contrary, the amount of rainwater that seeps
into the soil is between 70% to 75%. In the meantime,
determining the rate of surface water runoff refers to
water absorption on the soil surface and rainfall. Based
on the abovementioned description, it can be predicted
that surface water runoff is in good condition (scale 4)
and the impact is significant (scale 3).
River Water Utilization

240
250 MW
Rivers around the planned activity location, such as the
Batang Liki, Batang, Bangko Jernih, Batang Pulakek, and
Batang Sapan rivers, are commonly used by the community
for agricultural activities such as rice fields
irrigation, windmill mini-hydro power generation, as
well as for bathing and washing (MCK). Small percentage
of people use it for fish ponds in the residential area.
Erosion
Erosion is an event of displacement of soil or parts
thereof from one place to another by natural media. The
calculation result using a model which generates level
of erosion danger potentials. In general, the project
boundaries have the level of erosion at very mild to
moderate. The Figure below is an Erosion Hazard Rate
(Tingkat Bahaya Erosi/TBE) in the catchment area of the
activity area. TBE class is in accordance with the
standards issued by the Ministry of Forestry (Heraeati,
2010).

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Figure 0-5 Erosion Hazard Levels
Error! Reference source not found.Figure III-5 shows
rosion hazard rates at the activity location. In
general, the above-mentioned region is in the very mild
and moderate zone. Heavy and very heavy zones are
generally located outside the boundaries of the project
site. Based on land covering data, the area is used as
an agricultural area, while the topography is quite
largely sloped.
Table 0-7 Erosion Hazard Levels At Project Area

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250 MW
Erosion Value
Erosion Danger Percentage
(ton/ha/year) Scale
Level*) (%)
*)
Very Light < 15 60 1
Light 15 - 60 8 2
Medium 60 - 180 20 3
Heavy 180 - 480 5 4
Very Heavy > 480 6 5
*) Ministry of Forestry (1998) in Herawati (2010)
Based on the abovementioned, it is known that the
environmental quality for erosion and sedimentation are
in good condition (scale 4) and the impact is
significant (scale 4).

243
Map 0-6 PLTP Muara Laboh Project Site Hydrology

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250 MW
3.1.9 Water Quality
3.1.9.1 Surface Water Quality
Environmental monitoring results of three (3) primary
rivers estimated to be affected: Bangko Keruh, Bangko
Jernih, and Batang Liki rivers are presented in Table
0-8.
Table 0-8 Results of Monitoring of River Water Quality
Based on Report on Monitoring for the 1st
Period of 2014
Sample Code PP
82/2001
No. Parameter Units
KAP.1 KAP.2 KAP.3 KAP.4 Class
II
I PHYSICS
o
1 Temperature C 20.2 19.5 20.5 21.0 Dev.3
2 Total Dissolved mg/L 32.5 30.5 95.6 102.3 1000
Solids (TDS)
3 Total Suspended mg/L 2.4 12.6 4.5 4.8 50
Solids (TSS)
II CHEMICAL
1 pH - 6.67 6.87 6.93 7.04 6 - 9
2 Ammonia (NH3-N) mg/L <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 (-)
3 Arsenic (As) mg/L < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 1

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250 MW
Sample Code PP
82/2001
No. Parameter Units
II
4 DO mg/L 6.8 6.4 6.9 6.3 4
5 Cadmium (Cd) mg/L < < < < 0.01
0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002
6 Oil / Fat mg/L 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 1
7 Nitrate (NO3-N) mg/L 1.20 1.45 1.22 1.89 10
8 Nitrite (NO2-N) mg/L < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 0.03 0.06
9 Sulfide (H2S) mg/L < < < < 0.002
0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001
10 Copper (Cu) mg/L < < < < 0.02
0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005
11 Lead (Pb) mg/L < < < < 0.03
0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005
12 BOD mg/L 1.30 0.65 1.45 1.40 3
13 COD mg/L 7.32 3.50 8.44 8.05 25
Source: Chemical Laboratory Analysis Results, FMIPA Unand,
2014
Sample Code Information
KAP.1 = Bangko Keruh River
KAP.2 = Bangko Jernih River
KAP.3 = Batang Liki (Upstream)

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250 MW
Sample Code PP
82/2001
No. Parameter Units
II
KAP.4 = Batang Liki (Downstream)
Surface Water Physical Study
Waters physical parameters analyzed include temperature,
suspended solids (Total Suspended Solid - TSS) and
dissolved solids (Total Dissolved Solid - TDS).
Laboratory analysis results indicated that the physics
parameters at all sampling locations still meet the
quality standards stipulated in Government Regulation
No. 82 of 2001 Class II.
Surface Water Chemical Study
Waters chemical parameters analyzed are in accordance
with parameters determined in Government Regulation No.
82 of 2001 In general, all chemical parameters for
surface waters still fulfill the determined quality
standards. Metal content in the researched surface
waters in general does not indicate the presence of

247
250 MW
values that exceed the quality standards stipulated in
Government Regulation No. 82 of 2001 Class II.
Based on the abovementioned, it is known that the
quality of surface waters (river water) in the proximity
of planned activities area remain at medium condition
3.1.9.2 Shallow Well Water Quality
To ensure that community water wells are not affected by
geothermal development activities, management of sources
of impacts are performed.
To determine the effectiveness of management carried out
by SEML, monitoring of community water wells quality
located around the site was performed. The monitoring
was carried out at three (3) locations, namely:
community wells in Taratak Tinggi, Sapan Sari and Pinang
Awan areas.
Analysis results of community water wells quality are
presented in Table 0-9.

248
250 MW
Table 0-9 Results of Monitoring of Community Well Water
Based on Report on Monitoring for the 1st
Period of 2014
Decree of
PP 82/
Sample Code Minister
No. Parameter Units 2001
of Health
KAT.1 KAT.2 KAT.3 Class I 907/2002
I PHYSICS
o
1 Temperature C 20.2 22.5 21.5 Dev. 3 Dev. 3
2 Total Dissolved mg/L 50.3 56.5 47.3 1000 1000
Solids (TDS)
3 Turbidity NTU 1.5 1.5 2.1 (-) 5
4 Odor - Odorless Odorless Odorless (-) (-)
5 Taste - No Taste No Taste No Taste (-) (-)
II CHEMICAL
1 Arsenic (As) mg/L < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 1 0.01
2 Cadmium (Cd) mg/L < 0.002 < 0.002 < 0.002 0.01 0.003
3 Total mg/L 20.04 22.12 28.80 (-) 500
hardness(CaCO3)
4 Chloride (Cl) mg/L 2.44 3.45 2.60 600 250
5 Nitrate (NO3-N) mg/L 0.34 0.44 1.05 10 50
6 Nitrite (NO2-N) mg/L < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 0.06 3
7 pH - 6.6 6.7 6.3 6 - 9 6.5 -
8.5
8 Lead (Pb) mg/L < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.03 0.01

249
250 MW
Decree of
PP 82/
Sample Code Minister
No. Parameter Units 2001
of Health
KAT.1 KAT.2 KAT.3 Class I 907/2002
9 Permanganate mg/L 1.32 2.43 1.23 (-) (-)
(KMnO4) value
10 Sulfide (H2S) mg/L < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 0.002 0.05
Source: Chemical Laboratory Analysis Results, FMIPA
Sample Code Information
KAT.1 = Community well (Taratak Tinggi)
KAT.2 = Community well (Sapan Sari)
KAT.3 = Community well (Pinang Awan)
(-) = not required
Analysis results of surface waters at aforementioned
three (3) locations, generally indicates that the water
quality of the shallow wells still meet the quality
standards required by Decision of the Minister of Health
No. 907 of 2002.
3.1.10 Soil Quality
For the agricultural field, soil is a plant growth
media. A good media for plants growth should be able to
fulfil the needs of plants for things such as water,
air, nutrients and should be free from toxic materials
with excessive amounts.

250
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Soil reaction indicates acidity or alkalinity/soil
alkalinity which is expressed by the pH value. The pH
value indicates the amount of hydrogen ion (H) in the
soil. The larger the levels of H ions in the soil, the
more acidic the soil. In soil, in addition to the
hydrogen ion (H) and other ions, are also found hydrogen
oxide ions (OH), number of which is inversely
proportional to the nnumber of hydrogen ions (H). In
acid soils, the amount of hydrogen ions (H) is higher
than the number of hydrogen oxide ions (OH), meanwhile
on alkaline soil, the number of hydrogen oxide ions (OH)
is more than the hydrogen ions (H). If they are the
same, then the soil becomes neutral, namely having a pH
value of 7 (Agus, Cahyono. 1998).
To determine the effectiveness of management that has
been done by SEML, monitoring of soil quality is
performed on the soil around the locations. Observations
were conducted at four (4) locations, namely: S1 (WP-H),
S2 (WP-B), S3 (WP-C), and S4 (Base camp). The analysis
results of land quality are presented in Table 0-10 and
Table 0-11. While soil sampling for the preparation of
ANDAL and RKL-RPL Addendum documents can be seen in
Table 0-12.

251
Addendum - Environmental Impact Analysis (ANDAL) and Environmental Management Plan-Environmental Monitoring Plan (RKL-RPL) of Geothermal Exploitation Activities for Muara Laboh
Geothermal Power Plant (PLTP) 250 MW
Table 0-10 Results of Soil Chemical Characteristics Based on Report on Monitoring for the 1st
Period of 2014
Soil (1:1) N- Exchangeable

C- P- Exchangeable alkaline
reaction total
P-ters K-potens. acidity (me /
No. Code Layer organic
potential cations (me/100g)
(pH) (% (ppm) (mg/100g) 100g)
(% brt) (mg/100g)
H2O KCl brt) Ca Mg K Na Al H
1 S1 (WP-H) 0-20 5.91 4.64 6.25 0.71 21.67 0.77 17.82 9.84 16.72 3.12 2.12 0.85 3.57
2 20-40 5.26 4.57 5.32 0.63 19.31 0.72 15.24 7.76 14.64 3.01 1.97 0.99 3.74
3 S2 (WP-B) 0-20 5.47 4.63 5.53 0.62 18.42 0.64 12.76 8.31 12.78 2.74 1.65 1.24 4.28
4 20-40 5.53 4.71 4.62 0.57 15.01 0.61 11.86 6.74 9.89 2.45 1.28 1.27 4.32
5 S3 (WP-C) 0-20 5.87 5.12 6.12 0.67 23.07 0.75 16.89 9.56 15.45 3.53 2.01 0.78 4.21
6 20-40 5.69 5.02 5.46 0.59 20.62 0.62 14.25 7.55 13.21 3.09 1.89 0.81 4.16
7 S4 (Base 0-20 5.73 5.21 6.62 0.72 22.45 0.89 14.75 8.98 16.03 2.87 1.94 1.05 3.87
8 Camp) 20-40 5.36 4.86 5.53 0.61 17.73 0.76 12.63 8.03 15.62 2.53 1.31 1.12 3.92
Source: Land Laboratory Analysis Results, FP Unand

252
Table 0-11 Results of Land Physics Based on Report on Monitoring for the 1st Period of 2014
Particle size Drainage

Water Content
distribution TRP Pore (% Available Permeability
Layer Texture Bulk Particle (%volume)
No. Code (%brt) (% volume) Water cm/hour
(cm) class Density Density
vol) pF pF pF (% vol)
Sand Ash Pliant pF 2,00 Rapid Slow
1,00 2,54 4,20
Silty
1 S1 0-20 36 57 7 0.64 2.58 70.2 67.2 54.8 45.6 15.8 27.5 6.4 29.8 14.2
clay
(WP-
20- Silty
2 H) 39 50 11 0.71 2.18 67.4 64.8 57.2 45.1 17.3 25.6 9.3 27.8 12.1
40 clay
Silty
3 S2 0-20 33 58 9 0.69 2.17 68.3 65.0 54.3 47.3 16.2 26.4 7.2 31.1 13.5
clay
(WP-
20-
4 B) 38 49 13 Clay 0.73 2.15 66.1 62.3 56.8 44.2 18.4 23.9 12.3 25.8 10.4
40
S3 Silty
5 0-20 33 56 11 0.72 2.36 69.6 65.2 53.5 46.9 16.8 29.5 10.5 30.1 12.3
(WP- clay

253
C) 20-
6 35 51 14 Clay 0.79 2.02 61.0 63.4 55.2 42.6 19.3 26.3 14.3 23.3 9.8
40
Silty
7 S4 0-20 35 56 9 0.77 2.44 68.5 63.7 52.6 45.4 16.9 29.7 8.6 29.5 11.7
clay
(Base
20-
8 Camp) 39 49 12 Clay 0.81 2.20 63.2 61.2 56.1 42.1 17.4 28.2 11.4 24.7 10.2
40
Source: Land Laboratory Analysis Results, FP Unand

254
Addendum - Environmental Impact Analysis (ANDAL) and Environmental Management Plan-Environmental Monitoring Plan
(RKL-RPL) of Geothermal Exploitation Activities for Muara Laboh Geothermal Power Plant (PLTP) 250 MW
Table 0-12 Test Results of Soil Sampling around Activity
Location 2014
Result
No Parameter Units
S1 S2 S3
A. LAND PHYSICS
1 B.D (Bulk Density) g/cc 1.20 0.84 1.18
P.D (Particle
2 g/cc 2.55 2.47 2.51
Density)
3 Total Pore Space (% vol) 53.1 66.0 52.8
4 Water Content
1 (% vol) 51.5 63.7 51.1
2 (% vol) 43.3 52.7 41.1
- pF 2,54 (% vol) 39.5 45.2 34.7
- pF 4,2 (% vol) 28.8 30.8 22.0
5 Drainage Pore
- Rapid (% vol) 9.8 13.3 11.7
- Slow (% vol) 3.8 7.5 6.4
6 Available Water (% vol) 10.7 14.4 12.7
7 Permeability cm/hour 0.63 1.04 0.81
B. LAND CHEMISTRY
1 pH
- H2O - 3.78 4.74 4.11
- KCl - 3.49 4.52 3.86
2 C. Organic % 0.19 2.30 2.02

255
Result
No Parameter Units
S1 S2 S3
3 N. Total % 0.05 0.17 8
mg/100
4 P2O5 (HCl 25 %) 2 5 12
g
mg/100
5 K2O (HCl 25 %) 3 7 19.22
g
6 P2O5 bray ppm 7.25 15.63
Cation structure
7
(NH4-Act)
me/100
- Ca 1.83 2.88 1.96
g
me/100
- Mg 1.33 1.75 1.62
g
me/100
- K 0.14 0.12 0.16
g
me/100
- Na 0.04 0.07 0.05
g
Cation Exchange me/100

8 11.27
Capacity g
9 Acidity
me/100
- Al-Exchange 4.11 1.56 2.18
g
me/100
- H-Exchange 5.26 3.45 3.94
g

256
Result
No Parameter Units
S1 S2 S3
10 Texture
- Sand % 27 28 21
- Dust % 53 47 51
- Pliant % 20 25 28
Source: Analysis results by PT KehatiLabIndonesia for SEML,
2014
3.2 BIOLOGICAL COMPONENT
3.2.1 Terrestrial flora and fauna
3.2.1.1 Flora
Liki Pinangawan Muara Laboh Geothermal Mining Work Area (WKP)
includes protected forests and other land uses, and adjacent
to the Kerinci Seblat National Park (Taman Nasional Kerinci
Seblat/TNKS) to the west.
The Kerinci Seblat National Park (Taman Nasional Kerinci
Seblat/TNKS) was first declared as a candidate for National
Park status by Statement Letter of the Minister of Agriculture
No. 736/Ministry of Agriculture/X/1982 dated October 10, 1982,
namely a combination of a group of forests in four (4) of
Provinces which largely consists of Protected Forests, Nature
and Wildlife Reserves. It was then designated as a National
Park by Decision of the Minister of Forestry No. 1049 / Kpts-

257
II / 1982, dated November 12, 1992, and subsequently by
Decision of the Minister of Forestry No. 192 / Kpts-II / 1996,
dated May 1, 1996 with an area of 1,368,000 ha. Following a
boundaries structuring, based on Decision of the Minister of
Forestry No. 901/Kpts-II/1999 the area of TNKS became
1,375,349.867 hectares, and in 2004 by Decision of the
Minister of Forestry No. 420/Menhut-II/2004, which includes as
Permanent Production Forest the Sipurak Hook forest group area
located in Merangin District, Jambi Province, covering 14,160
ha into the TNKS, so that the current TNKS area becomes
1,389,509.867 hectares.
The Kerinci Seblat National Park (Taman Nasional Kerinci
Seblat / TNKS) is administratively located in four (4)
administrative regions, namely: Jambi, West Sumatra, Bengkulu,
and South Sumatra provinces, which span across the Bukit
Barisan Mountains on the island of Sumatra. Geographically,
TNKS is located at coordinates 100°31’18”E-102°44’01”E dan
1°07’13”S-1°26’14”S.
The Kerinci Seblat National Park is a conservation area which
becomes an ASEAN Heritage Site as well as a World Heritage
Site of UNESCO, and is regarded as a world heritage because it
has a ecosystem completeness, and its biodiversity is fairly
exhaustive, with not less than 370 birds, 90 mammals, 8
primates and various types of reptiles, amphibians, fish and
insects as well as 4,000 plant species which are dominated by

258
the Dipterocarpaceae family. A number of plants and wildlife
are endangered and protected.
The result of field observation carried out at the location of
Geothermal Power Plant (PLTP) at Solok Selatan District by
SEML, indicates that there has been no significant progress
related to the condition of the vegetation/flora and
fauna/wildlife at the activity location. It is seen from
several types of ecosystems that exist at the activity
location and its surrounding areas, such as on paddy fields,
mixed garden, or at the outskirts of undergrowth and forest.
The field observation result by using plotting and inventory
method is presented in Table 0-13 to Table 0-18.

259
Table 0-13 Species of Trees found at Wellpad H Location
N
Family Type K KR F FR D DR NP ID
o
0.01 24.00 1.50 24.00 12.41 29.15 77.15 -

1 Clusiaceae Calophyllum inophyllum
5 0 0 0 7 1 1 0.349
0.01 16.00 1.00 16.00 12.06 28.33 60.33 -

2 Ixonanthaceae Ixonanthes icosandra
0 0 0 0 8 2 2 0.323
0.01 20.00 1.25 20.00 47.93 -

3 Fagaceae Quercus wallichiana 3.381 7.937
3 0 0 0 7 0.293
0.00 0.25 21.30 29.30 -

4 Podocarpaceae Dacrydium elatum 4.000 4.000 9.075
3 0 4 4 0.227
Calophyllum 0.00 0.50 18.11 -

5 Clusiaceae 8.000 8.000 0.899 2.110
pulcherrimum 5 0 0 0.169
Hamamelidacea 0.00 0.25 13.80 -

6 sp1 4.000 4.000 2.473 5.806
e 3 0 6 0.142

260
0.00 0.25 -
7 Clusiaceae Cratoxylon ligustrinum 4.000 4.000 0.534 1.254 9.254
3 0 0.107
0.00 0.25 -
8 Meliaceae Toona sp. 4.000 4.000 0.442 1.037 9.037
3 0 0.106
0.00 0.25 -
9 Moraceae Artocarpus sp. 4.000 4.000 0.413 0.969 8.969
3 0 0.105
1 0.00 0.25 -
Lauraceae Litsea sp 4.000 4.000 0.385 0.903 8.903
0 3 0 0.104
1 0.00 0.25 -
Moraceae Ficus grossularioides 4.000 4.000 0.322 0.755 8.755
1 3 0 0.103
1 0.00 0.25 -
Myrsinaceae Ardisia elliptica 4.000 4.000 0.188 0.442 8.442
2 3 0 0.100
0.06 42.59
Total 100 6.25 100 100 300 2.129
3 5

261
Table 0-14 Types of Saplings Found at Wellpad H Location
No Family Type K KR F FR D DR NP ID
0.02 22.22 0.50 25.00 0.68 23.01 70.23 -
1 Clusiaceae Calophyllum pulcherrimum 0 2 0 0 6 7 9 0.340
0.02 22.22 0.50 25.00 0.45 15.21 62.43 -
2 Fagaceae Quercus wallichiana 0 2 0 0 3 5 7 0.327
Ixonanthaca 0.02 22.22 0.25 12.50 0.76 25.81 60.53 -
3 e Ixonanthes icosandra 0 2 0 0 9 5 7 0.323
0.01 11.11 0.25 12.50 0.52 17.71 41.32 -
4 Moraceae Artocarpus sp. 0 1 0 0 8 2 3 0.273
0.01 11.11 0.25 12.50 0.38 12.90 36.51 -
5 Lauraceae Litsea sp 0 1 0 0 5 7 8 0.256
0.01 11.11 0.25 12.50 0.15 28.94 -
6 Rubiaceae Coffea robusta 0 1 0 0 9 5.334 5 0.226
Total 0.09 100 2.00 100 2.98 100 300 1.745

262
0 0 0
K= Density; KR= Relative Density; F= Frequency; FR= Relative Frequency; D= Dominance; DR=
Relative Dominace; NP= Important Value; ID= Diversity Index

263
Table 0-15 Types of Seedling/Herbs found at Wellpad H
Location
No Type Abundance
1 Eugenis sp ++
2 Calamus sp ++
3 Symplocos sp +
4 Melastoma sp +++
5 Zyngiber sp +++
6 Syzigium sp +
7 Callophyllum sp ++
8 Homalomena sp +++
9 Macaranga sp +
10 Fiicus sp +
11 Nephrolepis sp +++
Remarks +++ = Many; ++ = Medium ; + = Few
Table 0-16 Types of Seedling / Herbs found at Wellpad B
Location
No Type Abundance
1 Laportea stimulan +
2 Baccaurea sp +
3 Sauraia sp +++
4 Toona sureni +
5 Cratoxylon ligustrinum +

264
No Type Abundance
6 Endospermum sp ++
7 Callophyllum sp ++
8 Schima walchii +
9 Aporosa sp ++
10 Ixonanthes icosandra ++
11 Elaocarpus sp +
12 Alseodaphne sp +
13 Boehmeria sp +
14 Beilschmiedia sp +
15 Omalanthus sp +++
16 Callophyllum innulifolium +
Remarks +++ = Many; ++ = Medium ; + = Few
Table 0-17 Types of Plants in the Proximity of Planned
Power Plant Location
No Type Local Name Abundance
1 Trema orientalis Indarung ++
2 Lantana camara - ++
3 Stachytarpeta sp Bujang kalam +++
4 Coffea robusta Kopi ++
5 Borreria alata - +++
6 Imperata cylindrica Ilalang +++
7 Piper aduncum Sirih-sirih ++++

265
8 Ficus pandana - +++
9 Polygala paniculata Akar wangi ++
10 Ficus rubra - +
11 Mimosa pygra Putri malu ++++
12 Litsea sp Madang ++
13 Cinnamomum burmanii Kulit manis ++
14 Ixonanthes sp - +
15 Macaranga triloba - +++
16 Aleurites moluccana Damar +
17 Macaranga tanarius - +
18 Omalanthus sp - ++
19 Biden pillosa - ++
20 Sauraia sp - ++++
21 Clibadium sp - +++
22 Eupatorium inulifolium - +++
23 Ageratum coniziodes Sibusuak +++
24 Cratoxilon sp - +
25 Biden pillosa - ++
26 Lagerstoemia sp - +
Remarks +++ = Many; ++ = Medium; + = Few
Table 0-18 Plant Species found Wellpad E Location

266
1 Coffea robusta Kopi ++++
2 Musa sp Pisang rimbo ++++
3 Villebrunea sp Lasi +++
4 Zingiber sp supadeh ++
5 Elatostemasp - +++
6 Laportea stimulan Jilatang +
7 Ficus pandana - ++
8 Lithocarpus sp - +
9 Evodia sp - +
10 Magnolia sp - +
11 Colocasia gigantea Kamumu +
12 Mikania micranta - ++++
13 Havea brasiliensis Karet +++
14 Abutilon sp - +
15 Crassocepalum sp - +
16 Gliciridia sp - +
17 Boehmeria sp - +
18 Cucurcuma sp Kunyit +
19 Mimosa pudica Putrimalu ++
20 Mimosa pygra Putrimalu +++
Remarks +++ = Many ; ++ = Medium ; + = Few
From the survey results performed at the time of ANDAL and
RKL-RPL Addendum document preparation, location of the

267
wellpad construction plan is in an area of rice fields,
generally located not far from the village residential
area. Species of flora found in rice fields are generally
dominated by rice plant (Oryza sativa) as well as several
types of gulma (weeds). Results of inventory can be seen
in Table 0-19.
Table 0-19 Types of Flora found at WP ML 09 Location
PP
No Type Abundance IUCN CITES Ket
7/1999
1 Ageratum conyzoides +++ - - -
2 Albizia moluccana + - - -
3 Alpinia galanga + - - -
4 Areca catechu ++ - - -
5 Arenga pinnata + - - -
6 Artemisia scoparia + - - -
7 Begonia sp. + - - -
8 Biden spilosa ++ - - -
9 Bougainvillea + - - -
spectabilis
10 Borreria alata ++ - - -
11 Carica papaya + - - -
12 Cassia alata ++ - - -
13 Celosia cristata + - - -
14 Cymbopo goncitratus + - - -

268
PP
7/1999
15 Cinnamo mumburmanii + - - -
16 Citrus hystrix + - - -
17 Clibadium +++ - - -
surinamense
18 Clidemi ahirta ++ - - -
19 Cocos nucifera + - - -
20 Colocasia esculenta + Least - -
concern
21 Cordilyne sp. + - - -
22 Crassocephalum ++ - - -
crepidioides
23 Cucurbi tapepo + - - -
24 Curcuma domestica + - - -
25 Cyathea sp. ++ - - -
26 Cyperus kyllingia +++ - - -
27 Desmodium sp. + - - -
28 Dracaena marginata + - - -
29 Eupatorium odoratum +++ - - -
30 Ficus padana + - - -
31 Glochidion sp. + - - -
32 Hibiscus rosa- + - - -
sinensis

269
PP
7/1999
33 Hyptisca pitata ++ - - -
34 Lantana camara +++ - - -
35 Macaranga javanica. + - - -
36 Macaranga tanariu + - - -
37 Mangifera indica + - - -
38 Manihot esculenta + - - -
39 Melastoma ++ - - -
malabathricum
40 Meremia sp. + - - -
41 Mikania micrantha +++ - - -
42 Mimosa pigra +++ - - -
43 Mimosa pudica ++ Least - -
concern
44 Musa paradisiaca ++ - - -
45 Ocimum sanctum ++ - - -
46 Oryza sativa +++ - - -
47 Penisetum sp. + - - -
48 Piper aduncum ++ - - -
49 Polygala paniculata ++ - - -
50 Psidium guajava + - - -
51 Saccharum ++ - - -
officinarum

270
PP
7/1999
52 Scleria sumatrensis +++ - - -
53 Sida acuta +++ - - -
54 Solanum melongena. + - - -
55 Solanum torvum + - - -
56 Spilanthes acmella ++ - - -
57 Stachytarpheta +++ - - -
jamaicensis
58 Swietenia mahagonia + - - -
59 Tectona grandis + - - -
60 Themeda gigantea + - - -
61 Toonasureni + - - -
62 Vitex pubescens + - - -
63 Zea mays + - - -
Remarks +++ = Many ; ++ = Medium ;
+ = Few
Source: Primary Data 2014
1. Forest
The form of forest vegetation found around WP-ML 06 is an
old secondary forest. The group that controls or is
dominant in the area is Myrtaceae such as types of
Syzigium sp and the one that is co dominant is Quercus sp

271
(Fagaceae). Vegetation analysis results may be seen in
Table 0-20 and Table 0-21 below

272
Table 0-20 Results of Analysis of Tree Vegetation Level in the proximity of WP- ML 06, Coordinates
S 01 37 57.8, E 101 08 12.3
No Type Family K KR F FR D DR NP ID
1 Syzygium sp. Myrtaceae 0,029 33,333 0.9 15,789 6,219 18,522 67,645 -0,336
2 Quercus sp. Fagaceae 0,010 11,494 0.8 14,035 4,888 14,557 40,086 -0,269
3 Calophylum inophyllum Clusiaceae 0,007 8,046 0.7 12,281 4,701 14,000 34,326 -0,248
4 Nephelium sp. Sapindaceae 0,005 5,747 0.2 3,509 5,251 15,640 24,896 -0,207
5 Schima wallchii Theaceae 0,004 4,598 0.2 3,509 5,111 15,221 23,327 -0,199
6 Syzygium antisepticum Myrtaceae 0,003 3,448 0.3 5,263 0,869 2,588 11,299 -0,124
7 Alseodaphne sp. Lauraceae 0,003 3,448 0.3 5,263 0,694 2,066 10,777 -0,119
8 Laportea stimulans M Urticaceae 0,002 2,299 0.2 3,509 0,870 2,590 8,398 -0,100
9 Canarium sp. Burseraceae 0,003 3,448 0.1 1,754 0,537 1,599 6,802 -0,086
10 Flacourtia rukam Flacourtiaceae 0,002 2,299 0.2 3,509 0,119 0,356 6,163 -0,080
11 Antidesma sp. Euphorbiaceae 0,002 2,299 0.1 1,754 0,277 0,825 4,878 -0,067
12 Altingia excelsa Altingiaceae 0,001 1,149 0.1 1,754 0,615 1,833 4,737 -0,066

273
13 Litsea sp. Lauraceae 0,001 1,149 0.1 1,754 0,502 1,497 4,400 -0,062
14 Ficus grossularioides Moraceae 0,001 1,149 0.1 1,754 0,483 1,438 4,342 -0,061
Dipterocarpacea
15 Vatica sp. e 0,001 1,149 0.1 1,754 0,356 1,061 3,965 -0,057
16 Ardisia humilis Myrsinaceae 0,001 1,149 0.1 1,754 0,327 0,973 3,877 -0,056
17 sp2 - 0,001 1,149 0.1 1,754 0,272 0,809 3,713 -0,054
18 Cryptocarya sp. Lauraceae 0,001 1,149 0.1 1,754 0,201 0,599 3,502 -0,052
19 Cinnamomum sp. Lauraceae 0,001 1,149 0.1 1,754 0,177 0,526 3,430 -0,051
20 Magnolia blumei Magnoliaceae 0,001 1,149 0.1 1,754 0,154 0,458 3,362 -0,050
21 Polyalthia sp. Annonacae 0,001 1,149 0.1 1,754 0,147 0,439 3,343 -0,050
22 Rhodamnia cinerea Myrtaceae 0,001 1,149 0.1 1,754 0,143 0,426 3,330 -0,050
23 Polygala paniculata Celastraceae 0,001 1,149 0.1 1,754 0,133 0,395 3,299 -0,050
24 Aporosa sp. Euphorbiaceae 0,001 1,149 0.1 1,754 0,127 0,377 3,281 -0,049
25 Palaquium sp. Sapotaceae 0,000 0,000 0.1 1,754 0,077 0,229 1,984 -0,049

274
26 sp1 - 0,001 1,149 0.1 1,754 0,095 0,283 3,187 -0,048
27 Sapium ixiamasense Euphorbiaceae 0,001 1,149 0.1 1,754 0,057 0,169 3,073 -0,047
0,087 100 5.7 100 33,576 100 300 2,735
Remarks K= Density ; KR= Relative Density; F= Frequency; FR= Relative Frequency; D= Dominance; DR=
Table 0-21 Analysis Results of Sapling Vegetation Level in the proximity of WP- ML 06,
Coordinates S 01 37 57.8 , E 101 08 12.3,
1 Flacourtia rukam Flacourtiaceae 0,008 16,667 0,100 14,286 0,158 27,419 58,371 0,319
2 Lasianthus sp. Rubiaceae 0,012 25,000 0,100 14,286 0,109 18,885 58,170 -

275
0,318
3 Laportea stimulans Urticaceae 0,012 25,000 0,100 14,286 0,079 13,726 53,012 0,306
4 Canarium sp. Burseraceae 0,004 8,333 0,100 14,286 0,106 18,287 40,906 0,272
5 Calophylum inophyllum Clusiaceae 0,004 8,333 0,100 14,286 0,055 9,589 32,208 0,240
6 Alseodaphne sp. Lauraceae 0,004 8,333 0,100 14,286 0,050 8,698 31,317 0,236
7 Dyospiros sumatrana Ebenaceae 0,004 8,333 0,100 14,286 0,020 3,397 26,017 0,212
100,00 100,00 100,00 300,00
0,048 0 0,700 0 0,578 0 0 1,902
Remarks K= Density; KR= Relative Density; F= Frequency; FR= Relative Frequency; D= Dominance; DR=

276
Addendum - Environmental Impact Analysis (ANDAL) and Environmental Management Plan-Environmental Monitoring Plan (RKL-
RPL) of Geothermal Exploitation Activities for Muara Laboh Geothermal Power Plant (PLTP) 250 MW
3.2.1.2 Fauna
Based on the observations conducted during the environmental
monitoring for the 1st period of 2014, eight species of mammals
were recorded to be present in the area of activities. Four
species were seen directly at the time of observation, one
species sound was heard, one species was identified based on the
existence of footprints and traces, while the other two species
were recorded based on information from the local community. Two
species among them were endangered species (Table 0-22).
It is recorded 13 species of birds were found, two species among
which were protected, namely Hawk (Streptopelia sp) and
Hornbill (Buceros rhinoceros) (Table 0-23).
Table 0-22 Mammal Species Found at Activity Location
No Local Name Scientific Status Remarks
Name
1 Babi Sus scrofa J
2 Simpai Presbitys L
melalophus
3 Tupai Callosciurus L
notatus
4 Karo Macaca L

277
Name
fascicularis
5 Baruak Macaca sp I
6 Siamang Hylobates D S
syndactylus
7 Kalong Pteropus L
vampyrus
8 Landak Hystrix D I
brachyura
D = Protected; J = Trace; L = Seen; S = Sound; I = Information
Table 0-23 Bird Species Found at Activities Location
Name
1 Prinjak Prinia
atrogularis
2 Takur Megalaima
australis
3 Bondo Lonchura maja
4 Elang Streptopelia D
sp

278
Name
5 Cucak Pycnonotus
melanicterus
6 Gereja Passer
montanus
7 Bubut Centropus
sinensis
8 Rangkong Buceros D
rhinoceros
9 Merbah Pycnonotus sp
10 Punai Treron sp
11 Julang emas Aceros
undulatus
12 Poksai Garulax sp
13 Alap-alap Microhierax sp
D = Protected
Based on results of a survey done during the ANDAL and RKL-RPL
Addendum document preparation, the species of fauna inventorized
are found in Table 0-24 and Table 0-25.

279
Table 0-24 Fauna Species Found in the Proximity of WL-09 Location
Governm
ent
CITES Regulat
No. Species Local Name Abundance IUCN Status Source
Status ion No.
7/1999
Status
1. Bufo Kodok *** Least - - Direct
melanostictus Concern Observation
2. Bufo asper Kodok *** Least - - Direct
Concern Observation
3. Fejervarya Katak Sawah *** Least - - Direct
cancrifora Concern Observation
4. Eutropis Bengkarung *** - - - Community
multifasciata
5. Bronchocella Bunglon/Kal ** - - - Community
cristatela alaso
6. Varanus Biawak *** Least Appendix Community
salvator Concern II
7. Dendrelaphis Ular Lidi ** - - - Community
pictus
8. Xenochrophis Ular Air ** Least - - Community
trianguligerus Concern
9. Ptyas korros Ular ** Least - - Community
Simancik Concern
10. Ahaetula Ular Pucuk *** - - - Community
prasina
11. Boiga Ular Cincin ** - - - Community
dendrophila Emas
12. Naja sumatrana Ular Kobra *** Least Appendix - Community
Concern II
13. Muntiacus Kijang ** Least - √ Community
munctjak Concern
14. Sus scrofa Babi Hutan *** Least - - Community

280
Governm
ent
CITES Regulat
Status ion No.
7/1999
Status
Concern
15. Lutra lutra Berang- ** Near Appendix I √ Community
berang Threatened
16. Lutra Berang- ** Endangered Appendix √ Community
sumatrana berang II
17. Paradoxurus Musang *** Least Appendix - Community
hermaphroditus Concern III
18. Lonchura Burung *** Least - - Direct
punctulata Pipit Concern Observation
19. Passer Burung *** Least - - Direct
montanus Gereja Concern Observation
20. Ploceus Burung *** Least - - Community
philipinus Tampuo Concern
21. Pycnonotus Burung *** Least - - Community
goiavier Barabah Concern
22. Collocalia Burung *** Least - - Direct
esculenta Layang- Concern Observation
layang
23. Spilornis Elang ** Least Appendix - Direct
cheela Concern II Observation
24. Treron Punai Besar *** Least - - Community
capellei Concern
25. Treron vernans Punai *** Least - - Community
Gading Concern
26. Motacilla Kicuit Batu *** Least - - Community
cinerea Concern
27. Arachnotera Pijantung *** - - - Community
robusta Besar
28. Otus umbra Burung ** Least - - Community

281
Governm
ent
CITES Regulat
Status ion No.
7/1999
Status
Hantu Concern
29. Ketupa ketupu Burung ** Least - - Community
Hantu Concern
30. Egretta alba Burung *** Least - - Community
Kuntul Concern
31. Coturnix Burung *** Least - - Community
chinensis Puyuh Batu Concern
Table 0-25 Fauna Species Found in the Proximity of WL-06 Location
Government
IUCN CITES Regulation

No. Species Local Name Abundance Source
Status Status No. 7/1999
Status
1. Megophrys Katak Bertanduk ** Least - - Community
nasuta Concern
2. Mychrohyla Katak Serasah ** - - - Community
acatina
2. Leptobrachium Katak Serasah ** Least - - Community
abboti Concern
3. Eutropis Bengkarung *** - - - Community
multifasciata
4. Bronchocella Bunglon/Kalalaso ** - - - Community

282
Government

Status
cristatela
5. Presbytis Simpai *** Endangered - - Direct
melalophos Observation
6. Symphalangus Siamang *** Endangered Appendix - Direct
syndactylus I Observation
7. Macaca Kera ** Least - - Community
fascicularis Concern
8. Macaca Beruk ** Vulnerable - - Community
nemestrina
9. Hylobates Ungko ** Endangered Appendix √ Community
agilis I
10. Draco Cicak Terbang ** - - - Community
sumatrana
11. Naja Ular Kobra *** Least - - Community
sumatrana Concern
12. Ahaetula Ular Pucuk *** - - - Community
prasina
13. Boiga Ular Cincin Emas *** - - - Community
dendrophila
14. Bungarus Ular Pamati Ikua *** Least - - Community
flaviceps Concern
15. Tupaia minor Tupai *** Least - - Community
Concern

283
Government

Status
16. Paradoxurus Musang *** Least Appendix - Community
hermaphroditu Concern III
17. Cervus Rusa ** - Appendix √ Community
unicolor I
18. Muntiacus Kijang *** Least - √ Community
muntjak Concern
19. Sus scrofa Babi Hutan *** Least - - Community
Concern
20. Hystrix Landak * Least - √ Community
brachyura Concern
21. Panthera Harimau Sumatera ** Endangered Appendix √ Community
tigris I
sumatrae
22. Felis Macan Dahan ** - Appendix √ Community
bengalensis II
23. Lutra lutra Berang-berang * Near Appendix √ Community
Threatened I
24. Helarctos Beruang Madu ** Vulnerable Appendix √ Community
malayanus I
25. Buceros Rangkong Badak * Near Appendix √ Community
rhinoceros Threatened II
26. Buceros Rangkong Papan * Near Appendix √ Community

284
Government

Status
bicornis Threatened I
27. Lonchura Burung Pipit *** Least - - Community
punctulata Concern
28. Lonchura Burung Bondol *** Least - - Community
striata Tunggir Putih Concern
29. Lonchura maja Bondol Haji *** Least - - Community
Concern
30. Megalaima Burung Takur *** - - - Community
australis Tenggeret
31. Psilopogon Burung Takur Api *** - - Community
pyrolophus / Loayam
32. Treron Punai Gading *** Least - Community
vernans Concern
33. Treron Punai Besar *** Least - Community
capellei Concern
34. Dicaeum agile Cabai Gesit ** Least - Community
Concern
35. Dicaeum Cabai Tunggir ** Near - Community
everetti Coklat Threatened
36. Dicaeum Cabai Rimba ** Least - Community
chrysorrheum Concern
37. Arachnotera Pijantung Besar *** - - √ Community
robusta

285
Government

Status
38. Aethopyga Burung Madu Ekor ** - - √ Community
temminckii Merah
39. Reindwardtipi Pelatuk Kundang ** - - - Community
cus validus
40. Dinopium Pelatuk Raffles ** Near - - Community
rafflesi Threatened
41. Orthotomus Cinenen Kelabu * Least - - Community
ruficeps Concern
42. Pycnonotus Kutilang ** Least - - Community
aurigaster Concern
43. Dicrurus Srigunting Bukit ** Least - - Community
remifer Concern
44. Loriculus Serindit Melayu ** Least Appendix - Community
galgulus Concern II
45. Haliastur Elang Bondol ** Least Appendix - Community
indus Concern II
46. Spilornis Elang Ular Bido ** Least Appendix - Community
cheela Concern II
47. Motacilla Kicuit Batu *** Least - - Community
cinerea Concern
48. Lanius schach Bentet Kelabu *** Least - - Community
Concern
49. Rhipidura Kipasan Gunung *** Least - - Community

286
Government

Status
albicollis Concern
50. Rhipidura Kipasan Mutiara *** Least - - Community
perlata Concern
51. Rhipidura Kipasan Belang *** Least - - Community
javanica Concern
52. Dendrocitta Tangkar Uli ** Least - - Community
occipitalis Sumatera Concern
Remarks:
*** = Many
** = Medium
* = Few
The results of the above analysis indicates that the environment
quality for flora and fauna are in good condition (scale 4).
Based on the results of this analysis it is known that there has
been no significant change of environmental quality in the
surrounding area of the Activities Location for PLTP Muara Laboh
at Solok Selatan District.

287
3.2.2 Aquatic Biota
Observation of aquatic biota was carried out at the same
location as surface water sample-taking.
3.2.2.1 Plankton
Phytoplanton is the main producer and basis of the food chain,
while the structure and abundance of zooplankton will be
determined from the abundance of the phytoplanton itself.
Plankton analysis results at the time of environmental
monitoring in period I of 2014, is presented in Table 0-26.
Table 0-26 Plankton Community in the Proximity of Activity
Location
Sample-Taking Location
Sungai Liki Bangko Bangko
No. Family/Species Upstream Downstream Keruh Jernih
K KR K KR K KR K KR
(ind/l) (%) (ind/l) (%) (ind/l) (%) (ind/l) (%)
A. PHYTOPLANKTON
A. 1.
Bacillariophyceae
1 Achnanthes sp 1.33 0.84 6 2.52
2 Achnanthes 0.67 0.28

288
K KR K KR K KR K KR
crenulara
3 Amphora ovalis 1.33 0.56
4 Cymbella tumida 0.67 0.42
Cymbella
5 2.67 1.67
turgidulla
Fragillaria
6 47.3 29.7 45.3 19.1 54 46 10.7 6.99
capucina
Gomphonema
7 0.67 0.42
minutum
Gyrosigma
8 0.7 0.57
scalproides
9 Melosira varians 0.67 0.42 4 3.41
10 Navicula bacillum 4 2.62
11 Navicula minima 4 2.51 18 7.56 4.7 3.98 2 1.31
12 Navidula sp 2 1.31
Nitzschia
13 2 1.26 0.67 0.28 2.7 2.27 2 1.31
frustulum
Nitzschia
14 0.67 0.44
linearis?

289
K KR K KR K KR K KR
Pinnularia
15 0.67 0.44
braunii
Pinnularia
16 0.67 0.28
microstaurons
17 Stauroneis anceps 0.67 0.44
Surirella
18 4.67 2.93 0.67 0.28 2.7 2.27 84 55
linearis
19 Surirella ovalis 2 1.26 2 1.31
20 Synedra ulna 38.7 24.3 75.3 31.7 8.7 7.39 5.33 3.49
A.2.
Chlorophyceae
Closterium
21 0.67 0.44
colasporium
Closterium
22 0.67 0.28
validum
23 Cylendrocapsa sp 1.33 0.87
24 Euastrum ansatum 0.67 0.44
Gaminella
25 1.33 0.84 2 1.7 0.67 0.44
mutabilis

290
K KR K KR K KR K KR
26 Microsphora sp 1.3 1.14 0.67 0.44
Oedogonium
27 0.7 0.57
microgonium
28 Oedogonium sp 0.67 0.42 1.3 1.14
29 Stigeoclanium sp 0.67 0.42 1.33 0.56
30 Trentepohlia sp 5.33 3.35 3.33 1.4 6 5.11 2 1.31
Ulothrix
31 1.33 0.87
cylendricum
A.3. Cyanophyceae
33 Calothrix fusus 10.7 6.69 3.3 2.84
34 Calothrix sp 4 1.68 2 1.7
Cylendrospermus
35 4.67 3.06
sp
Dactylococcopsis
36 2.67 1.67 2 0.84 2 1.7
sp
37 Hapalosiphon sp 0.67 0.42
38 Lyngbya major 4.67 2.93 1.33 0.56 2.7 2.27 1.33 0.87
Oscillatoria
39 4 2.51 12.7 5.32 6 5.11 4 2.62
angutissima

291
K KR K KR K KR K KR
Oscillatoria
40 2.67 1.12 1.3 1.14 2.67 1.75
Formosa
Oscillatoria
41 1.33 0.56
tenue
Phormidium
42 0.67 0.44
ambiguum
43 Phormidium tenue 0.67 0.28 1.33 0.87
Scytonema
44 0.67 0.42 0.7 0.57 0.67 0.44
archangelii
45 Scyzothrix sp 0.67 0.42
46 Spirulina mojor 2 0.84 0.67 0.44
Spirulina
47 6.67 2.8
subsalsa
A. 4.
Euglenophyceae
Trachelomonas
48 2.67 1.67 1.33 0.56 1.3 1.14 0.67 0.44
volvocina
49 Trachelomonas sp 0.67 0.28
B. ZOOPLANCTON

292
K KR K KR K KR K KR
B. 1. Protozoa
50 Arcella sp 2.67 1.67 22 9.24 1.3 1.14 8 5.24
51 Centrophyxis sp 1.33 0.56
52 Difflugia sp 11.3 7.11 21.3 8.96 0.7 0.57 1.33 0.87
53 Euglypha sp 4.67 2.93 2 0.84 6.7 5.68 3.33 2.18
54 Nebelia sp 0.67 0.28 0.7 0.57 0.67 0.44
55 Vorticella sp 0.67 0.42
B. 2. Rotifera
Notholca
56 0.67 0.42 1.33 0.56 1.33 0.87
acuminate
Taxa Amount 28 29 24 32
Total Density (ind/l) 159.33 238.00 117.33 152.67
Diversity Index (H’=

2.38 2.29 2.23 2.06
- ∑ pi ln pi)
Source: Biology Laboratory Analysis Results, FMIPA Unand
3.2.2.2 Bentos
While analysis results of environmental monitoring within the
1st period of 2014 is presented in Table 0-27.

293
Table 0-27 River Benthos Community in around Activity Location
Group / Sungai Liki Bangko

Bangko Keruh
No Bentos Animal Upstream Downstream Jernih
Species K KR K KR K KR K KR
(ind/m2) (%) (ind/m2) (%) (ind/m2) (%) (ind/m2) (%)
INSECTA
O. Coleoptera
Macrorynchus
1 sp. 3.70 1.89 3.70 4.00
11.3
2 Promoresia sp. 14.81 7.02 22.22 2 3.70 4.00 3.70 3.57
Psephenoides
3 sp. 11.11 5.26 14.81 7.55 3.70 4.00
10.7
4 Stenelmis sp. 11.11 1
O. Diptera
5 Anttocha sp. 3.70 1.75 11.11 5.66 7.41 8.00 7.41 7.14
12.2
6 Ixonanthes sp 25.93 8 18.52 9.43
O. Odonata
Asiagomphus
7 sp. 14.81 7.02 11.11 5.66

294

Bangko Keruh
O.
Ephemeroptera
Centroptilum 16.0
8 sp. 14.81 7.02 14.81 0
O. Lepidoptera
9 Eoophyla sp. 3.70 1.75 18.52 9.43
O. Megaloptera
10 Chaulodes sp. 3.70 1.75 7.41 3.77 3.70 3.57
Corydalidae sp 10.7
11 1 3.70 1.89 11.11 1
O. Plecoptera
Chloroperla
12 sp. 7.41 3.51 3.70 1.89 3.70 4.00 3.70 3.57
35.7
13 Neoperla sp. 3.70 1.75 37.04 1
O. Trichoptera
Cheumatopsyche
14 sp. 3.70 1.75 7.41 3.77 7.41 8.00 3.70 3.57
15 Glossosoma sp. 70.37 33.3 51.85 26.4

295

Bangko Keruh
3 2
Hydropsyche
16 bryanthi 3.70 1.75 7.41 3.77
Hydropsyche sp 32.0 14.2
17 . 29.63 0 14.81 9
Hydroptilla
18 sp. 7.41 8.00
19 Leptoceridae 3.70 4.00
Philopotamus
20 sp. 3.70 3.57
21 Psychomya sp. 7.41 3.51 14.81 7.55
O. Coleoptera
10.5
22 Promoresia 22.22 3
OLIGOCHAETA
23 Tubifex sp. 3.70 4.00 3.70 3.57
TURBELLARIA
24 Planaria sp. 3.70 4.00
Taxa Amount 15 14 12 11

296

Bangko Keruh
Total Density
(ind/m2) 211.11 196.30 92.59 103.70
Diversity Index
(H’= - ∑ pi ln 2.24 2.19 2.17 2.03
pi)
Source: Biology Laboratory Analysis Results, FMIPA Unand
Based on the abovementioned description, it is known that the
environmental quality for aquatic biota are in good condition

297
3.3 SOCIO-ECONOMIC CULTURE AND PUBLIC HEALTH
3.3.1 Socio-economic culture
3.3.1.1 Population
2. Total Population
The population of Solok Selatan District in 2013 is projected to
be 153,943 people, comprising 77,525 males and 76,418 females.
Compared to that of the previous year, the population has
increased by 5,506 people, or by 3.70 percent. Based on the age
structure of the population, the Solok Selatan District is
categorized as having young population which is approximately
32.55 percent.
The population density of Solok Selatan District in 2013 is
46.01 people per km2 on average. The highest population density
is in Sangir Sub-district, with an average of 62.95 people/km2,
while the lowest is in Sangir Balai Janggo Sub-district with
24.06 people/km2.
Based on the data from Solok Selatan District in Figures in
2014, the population of Alam Pauh Duo District in 2013 was
15,028 people with a population density of 43,17 people/km2;
while Sangir Sub-district has a population of 39,849 people with
a density of 62,95 people/km2. A complete population profile of
Solok Selatan District is presented in Table 0-28.

298
Table 0-28 Total Population and Distribution, Area Size and
Population Density in Solok Selatan District by Sub-
district 2013
Population Population
Area Size
Sub-district number density
people km2 people/km2
Sangir 39,849 632.99 62.95
Sangir Jujuan 12,421 278.06 44.67
Sangir Balai Janggo 16,528 686.94 24.06
Sangir Batang Hari 16,540 280.01 59.07
Sungai Pagu 30,266 596.00 50.95
Pauh Duo 15,028 348.10 43.17
Koto Parik Gadang

23,211 524.10 44.29
Diateh
2013 153,943 3,345.20 44.01

Total
2012 148,437 3,346.20 44.36
Source: Solok Selatan District in figures, 2014
Table 0-29 indicates that the population of Nagari Alam Pauh Duo
is 7,867 people. This table also indicates that Nagari Alam Pauh
Duo consists of eight sub-villages (jorong). Resprectively from
the largest to the smallest, the eight jorong are as follows:

299
Pekonina (1,475 people), Pakan Salasa (1,147 people), Durian
Tigo Capang (1,056 people), Kampung Baru-Pekonina (1,016
people), Simancuang (891 people), Taratak Tinggi (813 people),
Ampalu (807 people), and Jorong Sapan Sari-Pekonina (662
people).
Table 0-29 Total Population, Total Number of Families (KK) and
Average [Number of People within each Family]
According to Jorong in Nagari Alam Pauh Duo, 2011
Average
Total
Number of
Total Number of
Jorong People in
Population Familires
each
(KK)
Family
Pakan Salasa 1,147 312 4
Durian Tigo Capang 1,056 226 5
Ampalu 807 166 5
Pekonina 1,475 389 4
Sapan Sari-Pekonina 662 175 4
Kampung Baru-Pekonina 1,016 246 4
Taratak Tinggi-Pekonina 813 215 4
Simancuang 891 203 4

300
Average
Total
Number of
Total Number of
Jorong People in
Population Familires
each
(KK)
Family
Total 7,867 1932 4
Source: Nagari Alam Pauh Duo Profile, 2012
Table 0-29 also indicates the number of Heads of Households
(Kepala Keluarga/KK) and the average number of family members
per household/ family in each jorong (sub-village). The overall
number of Households (Kepala Keluarga / KK) in Nagari Alam Pauh
Duo are 1,932 households. The jorong which has the highest
number of Households (Kepala Keluarga / KK) is Pekonina (389
families) and the smallest number of households is in Jorong
Ampalu (166 families). The average number of family members per
household is 4 persons.
Based on the figure of family size, the natural increase in
population in the actiivity site is categorized as slightly
higher compared to that of a stable population. The average
number of households indicates that labor force growth in the
study area was slightly higher than the ideal condition.

301
3. Population Structure
Several primary issues regarding population structure at the
study area. First, related to the birth, there is an increase in
the birth rate. As presented in Table 0-30 there is an
indication that the proportion of Solok Selatan District
citizens aged <5 years (balita - bawah lima tahun or under 5
years old) is greater than those between 5 - 9 years, namely
17,970 people compared to 16,588 people.
Table 0-30 Population Distribution by Age Group and Gender in
Solok Selatan District, 2013
Age Group Male Female Total
0 - 4 9,041 8,929 17,970
5 - 9 8,145 8,173 16,588
10 - 14 7,884 7,667 15,551
15 - 19 6,786 6,324 13,110
20 – 24 6,328 6,118 12,446
25 - 29 6,836 6,922 13,758
30 - 34 6,124 6,210 12,334
35 - 39 5,853 5,627 11,480
40 - 44 4,927 4,681 9,608
45 - 49 3,997 4,121 8,118

302
Age Group Male Female Total
50 - 54 3,400 3,429 6,829
55 - 59 2,805 2,714 5,519
60 - 64 2,095 1,880 3,975
65 + 3,034 3,623 6,657
2013 77,525 76,418 153,943

Total
2012 74,662 73,775 148,437
Source: Solok Selatan District in Figures, 2014
Based on the total population according to gender and gender
ratio, Sangi Sub-district has the highest gender ratio, which is
102.92, and Sungai Pagu Sub-district has the lowest gender ratio
at 94.27. The complete population data according to gender and
gender ratio may be seen in Table 0-31.
Table 0-31 Total Population According to Gender and Sub-district
in Solok Selatan District, 2013
Total Population Gender

Sub-district
Male Female Ratio
Sangir 20,211 19,638 102.92
Sangir Jujuan 6,251 6,170 101.30
Sangir Balai Janggo 8,850 7,678 115.25
Sangir Batang Hari 8,355 8,185 102.09

303
Total Population Gender

Sub-district
Male Female Ratio
Sungai Pagu 14,735 15,631 94.27
Pauh Duo 7,472 7,556 98.88
Koto Parik Gadang

11,651 11,560 100.79
Diateh
2013 77,525 76,418 101.45

Total
2012 74,662 73,775 101.20
Source: Solok Selatan District in Figures, 2013
4. Manpower
The total population under the workers category or population
aged 15 years old and above in the study area is 64.1% at Pauh
Duo Sub-district, and overall 66.2% in Solok Selatan District.
However, the young population (0-14 years old) is greater in the
Pauh Duo Sub-district compared to the Solok Selatan District.
This means that labor force growth in the future will be higher
in the study area of Solok Selatan as a whole.
Comparisons between non-productive age population to productive
age population resulted in a dependency ratio, namely between
those of young age and the elderly. Table 0-32 shows the age
dependency ratio in Pauh Duo Sub-district at 0.67 or as many as
67 people of non-productive age per 100 productive age

304
population. While the overall dependency ratio of Solok Selatan
District is 62 people per 100 productive population.
The study area or Pauh Duo Sub-district has a dependency ratio
higher compared to Solok Selatan District, both for young age
dependency ratio and elderly people dependency ratio.
Table 0-32 Solok Selatan Population aged 15 years and above
According to the Type of Activity and Gender,
2011
Type of Activities Male Female Total
Labor Force 40,684 25,058 65,742
Employed 38,729 22,824 61,553
Unemployed 1,955 2,234 4,189
Non-Labor Force 7,201 24,721 31,922
School 3,728 5.615 9,343
Take care of household 523 16,479 17,002
Others 2,950 2,627 5,571
Total 47,885 49,779 97,664
Labor Force Participation
Level (Tingkat Partisipasi 85.0 50.3 67.3
Angkatan Kerja / TPAK)
Open Unemployment Level 4.8 8.9 6.4

305
Source: Data Processing Results of National Labour Force Survey
(Survei Angkatan Kerja Nasional - SAKERNAS) in Solok Selatan
District in figures, 2012
Not all labor (productive age population) fall into the category
of "labor force", namely the active population work and looking
for work. The reason the working age population is not active in
the labor market is because they have to go to school, taking
care of the family and for other reasons (Table 0-33). In
overall, the labour force participation rate (Tingkat
Partisipasi Angkatan Kerja/TPAK) in Services and Labor Force
Participation in Solok Selatan District is approximately 85%.
There is a significant difference between the male and female
labour force participation rate (Tingkat Partisipasi Angkatan
Kerja / TPAK), which are 85.0% male compared to 50.3% female.
This significant difference is due to the nature and time
allocation of females for non-productive activities (non-market
activities), such as taking care of the husband's needs, taking
care of children, housekeeping, shopping to the market,
preparing food for the family, etc. (Becker, 1966).

306
Table 0-33 Population Distribution According to the Source of
Income in Nagari Alam Pauh Duo, 2011
Total
Source of Income
Persons %
Labor 1,325 21.4
Farmer 2,972 48.0
Trader 607 9.8
Civil Servant 57 0.9
Military/Police 12 0.2
Driver 40 0.6
Motorcycle Cab Driver 32 0.5
Contractor 10 0.2
Private sector 1,142 18.4
Total 6,197 100.0
The workforce that do not work is called as open unemployment.
The level of open unemployment in the study area is categorized
as low, namely 6.4%. The level of open unemployment for females
is generally larger than males, and in this study it is 8.9%
compared to 4.8% (Table 0-33). While based on the Nagari Alam
Pauh Duo Profile of 2011, the total unemployment in this Nagari
(Village) is 354 people or 11%.

307
Based on the field studies by in-depth interviews it was
revealed that there is a disguised unemployment rate in the
study area. The workforce that belong to this disguised
unemployment category are those who work less than 35
hours/week. The number of Labor that fall in the category of
underemployment or disguisedunemployment is very large in the
study area. The explanation for this situation is because of the
seasonality of the rice business, and the ownership of
relatively small plots.
Most of the farmers that own plots say that their land is less
than one (1) hectare, whereas one (1) hectare is equivalent to
25 patok (stakes). There is a large number of farmers who only
have small plots or who does not have any land. This can be seen
in Table 0-34 where the number of farmers in Nagari Alam Pauh
Duo are 2,972 people. According to Nagari Alam Pauh Duo 2011
data profile, these farmers cultivate 1,600 Ha of irrigated rice
fields. Table 0-33 also depicts that 21.4% or 1,325 people
depend on being labor as their livelihood. Labor in the study
area are mostly farm labor that work on paddy fields as labor
who work for rice farmers and some of them work for plantation
companies.

308
Table 0-34 Non-Agricultural Business in Nagari Alam Pauh Duo
Type of Business Total
Embroidery 7
Brick production 14
Snacks business 13
Computer rental business 3
Computer lessons business 3
Computer service business 4
Tailor 9
Vehicle workshop 12
Mobile phone counter 22
Photocopy business 3
Total 90
3.3.1.2 Employment Opportunities
With respect to the abovementioned considerable high level of
unemployment and disguised unemployment, it can be concluded
that the environmental baseline in relation to the employment
opportunities parameters are in bad condition (scale 2) and the
impact is significant (scale 5).

309
3.3.1.3 Business Opportunities
Oshima (1983) argued that the transformation of the rural
economy in Japan and other East Asian countries were
characterized by the growth of employment outside the
agricultural sector (off-farming employment) and non-
agricultural employment (non-farming employment). The first one
are farmers who also own a business or work in non-farm
enterprises, and the latter are people whose overall income is
derived from non-agricultural businesses.
Table 0-34 also indicates that the source of the dominant
livelihood is farming, namely by 48.0%. This table also shows
that the number of people who work outside the agricultural
sector is also quite large, namely 41.6%. Shand (1983) reported
that the source of livelihoods outside the agricultural sector
after the Second World War contributed greatly to the income of
farmers in countries like Japan, South Korea and Taiwan. Since
the 1970s, livelihoods outside the agricultural sector also grew
rapidly in Thailand, Malaysia and in the rural areas of Java
island.
In the Nagari Alam Pauh Duo area, non-agricultural sector
livelihoods are dominated by trade (9.8%) and self-employment
(18.4%). Shand (1983) noted that growth of the non-agricultural

310
sector in rural areas is closely associated with the strategic
location of a jorong (sub-village) and availability of better
infrastructure. Therefore it cannot be denied that the non-
agricultural sector in the study area is concentrated on only a
few locations or on certain jorong, particularly Pekan Salasa
and the jorong along the Muara Labuh and Padang Aro arterial
roads. In field studies, it is also observed that the sources of
non-agricultural livelihoods are very rare in major part of
Jorong Nagari Alam Pauh Duo. Patterns of business opportunities
in these jorong are very limited due to infrastructure and
accessibility constraints as well as traffic density.
Based on the abovementioned considerations, it can be concluded
that the environmental baseline related to business opportunity
parameters in the study area is in very bad condition (scale 1)
and the impact is categorized as more significant (scale 5).
3.3.1.4 Community Income
Nagari Alam Pauh Duo, which is located in Solok Selatan
District, has abundant natural resources that include geothermal
energy, iron ore, forest and hot spring tourism potential, etc.
But a large number of these natural resources have not been
managed due to lack of capital, expertise and technology.

311
The efforts to manage the natural resources in this area is
performed by the community and it includes rice crops,
horticultural crops and fruits, community plantation, medicinal
plants, livestock and fishery. Such farming systems are
generally aimed at satisfying subsistence needs.
Commercialization of agricultural products although present, are
still to meet the needs of everyday life. The farming business
strategy implemented by the community is in general to meet
basic needs. Community savings activities performed usually in
the form of community livestock farming, such as goats, cows and
buffaloes.
Rice crop farming business is a dominant business in the study
area (48%). As a source of income, the rice crop is inadequate
because the average land ownership is very low, around 15 stakes
(patok) or 0.6 hectares per farmer. Therefore, they need to get
additional income from the fields of agricultural and non-
agricultural or from becoming labor whether inside or outside
their own region.
With regard to the level of wages, based on in-depth interviews
with key informants it was revealed that the level of wages in
the study area is very low, which is at around Rp 6,000 to 8,000
per hour, or about Rp 50,000 per day for agricultural labor, Rp

312
80,000 per day for workman’s wage and Rp 50,000 to Rp 60,000 per
day for assistant of workman. Meanwhile, wages in plantation
companies around the planned activity area is Rp 25,000 per half
day of work for female workers and the labor contract system is
applied for male workers. Meanwhile, the low wage rates
implicitly reflect the condition of labor surplus or the lack of
employment opportunities in the study area.
Based on the analysis of factors that affect people's income, it
can be concluded that the the quality of environmental baseline
in relation to business opportunity parameters in the study area
is in bad condition (scale 2) and the impact is classified as
very significant (scale of 5).
3.3.2 Socio-cultural
3.3.2.1 Values and Social Norms
The plan for additional production wells for the 250 MW
Geothermal Power Plant (PLTP) by SEML is still in in the Liki
Pinangawan mining work area, which is located in Nagari Pauh
Duo, Pauh Duo Sub-district, Solok Selatan District, which has a
Minangkabau customary system. The absence of geothermal
development activities in over a year is due to the study for
additional production wells in order to obtain maximum
geothermal steam which is in accordance with the planned target.

313
The PLTP area of SEML is a former tea plantation owned by the
Dutch, whose workers are mainly Javanese that have lived in
harmony with the local community for a long time. Based on the
narrative of the elders, the name Nagari Alam Pauh Duo is
derived from Tambo Adat Pauh Duo, when three ancestors (Ninik)
who came from Egypt arrived with their entourage, namely:
 Inyiak Samiak (Dt. Samad Dirajo)
 Inyiak Samilu Aia (Dt. Rajo Lelo)
 Inyiak Sikok Sutan Majo Lelo
Inyiak Sikok Sutan Majo Lelo then moved to Camin Talao (Nagari
Lubuk Gadang and the surrounding areas). In this nagari
(autonomous village) both Ninik made a nagari by fishing,
training, foraging the woods, celebrated, made rice paddy
terraces, and various types of objects. They made a nagari, and
built a Koto (fortress town) which was then called "Koto Tuo",
currently part of nagari Pauh Duo Nan Batigo, while the word
Alam means they belong to one traditional custom area. This is
the oldest nagari (autonomous village) in Sungai Pagu which was
built by Inyiak Samiak, Inyiak Samilu Aia and their entourage.
Based on the history, the social development of nagari Pauh Duo,
was marked with the arrival of Ninik Mamak Nan Salapan from

314
Pagaruyung, this group made the settlement in Banuaran (now part
of nagari Kapau Alam Pauh Duo) who was led by Inyiak Nan
Salapan, agree to build a village, named Alam Pauh Duo. Nagari
Alam Pauh Duo is a privileged area of Alam Surambi Sungai Pagu,
which exclusively has its own area and leader called Rajo
Cancang Latih.
Nagari Alam Pauh Duo is an area as a result of the development
of Sungai Pagu Sub-district in 2002, which had 14 jorong (sub-
village) with the following nagari administrative boundaries:
 North : Nagari Koto Baru
 South : Nagari Lubuk Gadang
 West : Pesisir Selatan District
 East : Sawahlunto Sijunjung District
Social conditions and customary traditions of the community
surrounding the activity location of the additional production
wells are dominated by Minangkabau and Javanese ethnics, so that
the interaction pattern and social relationship that develop are
very much based on Minangkabau values. The community structure
in the study area is Jorong Kampung Baru, Taratak Tinggi,
Pekonina and Pinang Awan with quite diversified cultures, namely
Minang, Javanese, Batak and Nias. A more dominant culture and

315
language is Minang, which makes the legitimacy of activities
performed in the proximity of the site (including those by non-
Minangkabau community members) always measured by the values of
the Minangkabau culture. The social life of the nagari Pauh Nan
Duo is influenced by the Minang culture that has the communal
land as the place or land for their anak cucu kemenakan
(children, grandchildren, nephews and nieces) to make a living.
The existence of communal land is used for community welfare and
its presence is maintained as the identity of the clan/ethnic.
The additional production wells for the geothermal power plant
located in Nagari Alam Pauh Duo within the Pauh Duo Sub-district
has an area of 348.1 km² with a population of 15,028 people or
3,536 households. Based on West Sumatra Provincial Government
Regulation, the lowest government administration system is the
nagari (village) as an overall customary administration system.
Furthermore, the Pauh Duo Sub-district has 4 nagari (village)
namely Nagari Alam Pauh Duo, Pauh Duo Nan Batigo, Luak Kapau
Alam Pauh Duo dan Nagari Kapau Alam Pauh Duo. In the meantime,
Nagari in the study area are Nagari Alam Pauh Duo and Nagari
Pauh Duo Nan Batigo. The following table indicates the
composition of the population based on nagari in the Pauh Duo
Sub-district, Solok Selatan District.

316
Table 0-35 Total Population based on Gender, Number of Households
per Nagari in Pauh Duo Sub-district, 2013
Size Total population
(k Density
No Nagari
m² Male Female Total Household Pop./km²
1. Alam Pauh Duo 99.01 3,427 3,407 6,834 1,611 69.15
2 Pauh Duo Nan 66.70 1,147 1,263 2,410 562 35.80
Batigo
3 Luak Kapau 90.81 1,652 1,645 3,297 777 36.36
Alam Pauh
Duo
4 Kapau Alam 91.58 1,246 1,241 2,487 586 27.21
Pauh Duo
Total 348.10 7,472 7,556 15,028 3,536 43.17
Source: Patah Duo Sub-district in Figures, 2014
The abovementioned data shows that the largest population is in
the nagari Alam Pauh Duo as study area for the addition of
production wells for PLTP Muaro Labuh with a capacity of 250 MW.
The total population in Nagari Alam Pauh Duo is 6,834 people or
1,611 households with 3,427 males and 3,407 females. The

317
smallest population in Nagari Pauh Nan Batigo is 2,410 people
with 562 households consisting of 1,147 males and 1,263 females.
The largest area in the study area is Nagari Alam Pauh Duo that
is 99.02 km² of consisting of 4 nagari (village) that are in the
Pauh Duo Sub-district, the highest population density is also in
Nagari Alam Pauh Duo with 68.15 people / km², while the smallest
nagari area is Pauh Duo Nan Batigo which is 66.70 km², located
in Pauh Duo Sub-district, Solok Selatan District.
The community kinship system in the study area is established
through matrimony, by the area of origin and descendants, in the
form of an ethnicity system. In general, the dominant ethnic
group in the study area is Minang, which is approximately 90%,
while Javanese, another ethnicity which is the second largest
following the Minang, have settled in the area hundreds of years
ago since the Dutch colonial period as tea plantation workers.
Most Javanese are in Jorong Pekonina and Pinang Awan. They have
assimilated through social interactions by marriages and working
relationships with the local community. Other ethnic groups
present in the study area are Sundanese, Batak and Nias which
are very few.
The social interaction and kinship among communities in the
study area are based on origins and marriages between members of
the ethnic groups present. Furthermore, ethnic groups found in

318
Nagari Alam Pauh Duo and Nagari Pauh Duo Nan Batigo, as the
activity sites for the PLTP construction are Melayu, Koto
Kaciak, Sikumbang, Tigo lareh, Bariang Kampai, Panai, Durian,
Tanjung, Chaniago, Piliang and ethnic groups outside of Minang
such as Javanese, Batak and Nias that have co-existed and lived
harmoniously for a long time.
Social life in Nagari Nagari Alam Pauh Duo and Duo Nan Batigo
Pauh interact with each other both socioculturally as well as a
customary law community. The customary law community is a law
society, which groups of people who for generations have lived
in a particular geographical area because of the bond related to
ancestral origins, the existence of a strong relationship with
the environment, as well as a value system that determine the
economic, political, social and legal orderliness. Results of
field surveys indicated that the community in the study area
relatively lived long in the area, in general they lived more
than 10 years, even one generation.
Societal kinship in the study area is still quite good, despite
the fact people are from different regions and ethnic groups.
The societal habit pattern in nagari Alam Pauh Duo that still
continues is collaboration (working together or gotong royong)
in building the village/jorong and deliberations in resolving
issues. Collaboration can be seen in construction activities

319
for roads, villages / sub-village markets, roads, and repairs to
mosques/mushalla (small mosque). Social conflicts between ethnic
groups in the study area seldom occur; this is due to mutual
understanding of traditional customs and culture. The population
concentration of each region has been formed for a long time
between the Javanese and non-Javanese, and acculturation of two
different cultures through matrimony. Acculturation of social
processes occurs when a group of people with particular cultural
norms are confronted with elements of a foreign culture, to such
an extent that elements of the foreign culture was gradually
accepted and processed into its own culture without losing the
personality of the original culture itself. Further, social
conflicts in the study area of the planned additional production
wells for the PLTP in nagari Alam Pauh Duo seldom occur. The
figure below indicates social conditions of communities in the
study area of the planned additional production wells for the
PLTP in nagari Alam Pauh Duo.

320
Tidak/belum pernah 25 (62,5%)
Sangat jarang 9 (22,5%)
Kadang-Kadang 2 (5%)
Sering 4 (10%)
0 5 10 15 20 25
Figure 0-6 Respondents’ Opinion on the Occurrence of Social
Conflicts
The above Figure indicates that the respondents are of the
opinion that social conflicts or disagreement in the community
are 25 people (62.5%) has never/not yet occurred, despite their
coming from various ethnic groups because they can coexist
harmoniously. There are 9 respondents (22.5%) out of the total
40 respondents interviewed who are of the opinion that social
conflicts are very rare amongst the community; and conflicts
occur between people with the proponent about land issues,
especially problems with the community’s paddy water. There are
4 respondents (10%) who said conflicts often occur between the
community and the proponent regarding recruitment issues which
are not in accordance with the original agreement that more
priority is to be given to local people. In addition, social

321
conflicts are also triggered by the prohibition of people
taking firewood from the proximity of the PLTP area that borders
with Kerinci Seblat National Park. The social conflict
resolution in the study area is achievved through an
institutional approach and by community leaders. The figure
below shows a social conflict resolution of the community
located in the location of development or additional production
wells for the geothermal power plants (PLTP).
6, 15%
11, 28%
2, 5% Organisasi
local adat organization
customary setempat
legal remedy (police)

Jalur hukum (kepolisian)
settled by conflicting parties
themselves
Diselesikan sendiri oleh pihak yg
5, 12%
konflik
Deliberation among community
Musyawarah
and dng warga & Tokoh
their leaders
Masyarakat
Nagari/Sub-district Government
Pemerintahan nagari/camat
16, 40%
Figure 0-7 Respondents’ Opinion on Social Conflict Resolution in
Study Area
The above figure shows that social conflict resolution in the
study area are relatively diverses. Respondents that said social
conflicts were resolved through deliberations among residents
and community leaders were 16 people (40%) of the total
respondents. While 11 respondents (28%) stated that social

322
conflict resolution in the community is achieved through the
village administration (pemerintah nagari) and head of sub-
districts. Respondents who said conflict resolution was reached
through the customary organization were six people (15%) based
on the grounds that the customary organizations or institutions
still play their roles. Respondents who are of the opinion that
social conflict resolution was achieved through legal actions
were 2 (5%), on the basis that if the conflict cannot be
resolved by the community and its cultural leaders, and if the
conflict tends to be a criminal violation. As for conflicts that
lead to dissenting opinion, settlement of boundary disputes and
fights between youths, the role of community leaders are still
very appreciated in the study area. Social conflicts between the
community and proponent concerning employee recruitment, land
issues and prohibition of communities taking wood in thestudy
area immediately adjacent to the TNKS (Kerinci Seblat National
Park) are solved through customary leaders, community members,
and village administration along with the existing customary
institutions available in the study area.
People in the study area have formed a habitual pattern that
they still uphold values of Minang culture, which are guided by
the teachings of Islam. The people's philosophy of life is known
as the "Adat Basandi Sarak, Sarak Basandi Kitabullah". The

323
people's habitual pattern in the study area in general is that
gotong-royong (working together) still exists; such as placing
water into the paddy fields by improving the water flow
(irrigation) together, repairing roads together,
building/repairing mosques together, etc. Cooperation is also
manifested in the settlement of various issues by deliberation
to achieve a consensus.
Another habitual pattern of collaboration in the kinship system
can be seen at weddings and religious events (Maulud Nabi, Isra
'M'iraj, Shalawat Dulang). Collaboration activities are also
evident during matrimonial ceremonies, feast and other
traditional events. The kinship system among fellow citizens
during this time is also quite good, it is seen from the habit
of residents of different ethnic groups gathering in order to
strengthen friendship; and this is always held at the time of
Muslim’s Eid in the form of religious gathering.
Based on the above description, the socio-cultural components of
the community in general still support local traditional
cultures i an intact and pure manner, therefore the scale of
environmental quality can be categorized as in good condition
(scale 4) and the impacts are classified as very significant
(scale of 5).

324
3.3.2.2 Level of Education
The education sector is a very important social aspect in
improving the human resources of a nation; a country's progress
can be measured by the education level of its people. The
development of the quality of human resources is determined by
the level of education as an indicator of a nation's human
development index. The level of public education in Pauh Duo
Sub-district is in general relatively low; people in the study
area are found as not having completed primary school education
and a large number of people only completed primary school
(elementary school). The following table indicates the
composition of the level of education of population in nagari
Pauh Duo Sub-district, as follows:
Table 0-36 Population by Highest Level of Education Completed and
Gender, 2013
Highest level of Gender

No. Total %
Education completed Male Female
1. Not/Not Yet in School 524 534 1,058 7.04
2 Not Completed Primary 2,041 2,117 4,158 27.67
School
3 Completed Primary 2,438 2,242 4,680 31.14

325
Highest level of Gender

No. Total %
Education completed Male Female
School
4 Junior High School or 1,292 1,310 2,603 17.32
equivalent
5 Senior High 859 918 1,777 11.82
School/Islamic High
School
6 Vocational High 105 79 184 1.22
School
7 Diploma I/II 44 167 211 1.40
8 D III / Academy 36 51 88 0.59
9 S1 (Bachelor Degree)/ 121 137 258 1.72
D IV
10 Master/Doctoral 10 2 13 0.09
Total 7,472 7,556 15,028
Source: Solok Selatan District - Education Office 2014
The above data indicates that the majority fo the people have
completed their primary school, which is 4,680 people or 31.14%
out of the total population of Pauh Duo Sub-district. The second
highest majority is the people who have not completed their
elementary school which consists of 4,158 people or 27.67%; and

326
the number of people who have completed junior high school
(SLTP) is 2,603 people or 17.32% of the total 15,028 people in
Pauh Duo Sub-district.
The level of education of the people in the study area of Nagari
Alam Pauh Duo is classified as relatively medium; this is shown
by the population that have completed senior high school which
comprises 473 people. In 2010 approximately 5.5% of Nagari Alam
Pauh Duo children gained tertiary level of education. Most of
the people from Nagari Alam Pauh Duo who obtained tertiary
education do not live in the nagari; most of them live in
Padang, Pekanbaru, Medan, and Java, or even abroad such as in
Malaysia, Singapore and other countries. The following table
indicates the number of education facilities available in Pauh
Duo Sub-district:
Table 0-37 Number of Schools According toLevel of Education and
Status, 2013
School Status
No. Types of Education Total
Public Private
Kindergarten (Taman Kanak-

1. 1 11 12
Kanak / TK)
2 Primary School (Sekolah 15 0 15

327
School Status
No. Types of Education Total
Public Private
Dasar / SD)
Junior High School (Sekolah
3 Lanjutan Tingkat Pertama / 5 2 7
SLTP)
Senior High School (Sekolah
4 Lanjutan Tingkat Atas / 1 0 1
SLTA)
Total 22 13 35
Source: Patah Duo Sub-district in figures, 2014
Further, education facilities in the study area for the
additional production wells for the PLTP are considered
adequately available for the learning process. The following
table indicates the number of education facilities in the study
area:
Table 0-38 Number of Education Facilities in Nagari Alam Pauh Duo
Jorong Educational Institution

328
Junior Senior
Pre- Primary
Kindergarten High High
school School
(TK) School School
(PAUD)*) (SD)
(SLTP) (SLTA)
Pakan Salasa 1 1 1 1
Durian Tigo
1 1 1 1
Capang
Ampalu 1 1 1 1
Sapan Sari 1
Pekonina 2 1 1 2
Kampung Baru 1
Taratak Tinggi 1
Simancung 1 1 1 1
Total 6 5 8 5 1
Source: Nagari Alam Pauh Duo Office, 2013
Remarks: *) PAUD: Early Childhood Education (Pendidikan Anak
Usia Dini/PAUD)
3.3.2.3 Religion and Beliefs
People who come into contact directly with and live adjacent to
the area of additional planned production well construction for
PLTP in Nagari Alam Pauh Duo and Duo Nan Pauh Batigo are almost
100% Moslems. The daily community activities in carrying out

329
worship rituals and other religious activities are facilitated
by the presence of houses of worship. The existence of several
mosques, mushola and surau for citizens are used in conducting
daily prayers in congregation and celebrating Islamic festive
days such as the Birthday of Prophet Muhammad, Isra Mi’raj
(ascension) and others.
Mosques and mushola also function as places for religious
activities to build good atitude through various activities such
as routine wirid (remembrance of God), during religious studies,
and through education center where smaller children learn the
Quran and gain religious knowledge, such as in Taman Pendidikan
Al-Qur'an (TPA / TPQ/Quranic Education Unit for Children),
Madrasah Diniyah (MDA/Islamic Elementary School) and MTs
(MTs/Islamic Junior High School). There are relatively a large
number of worship facilities that are found in the study area;
all Jorong have mosques and mushola. Table 0-39 and Table 0-40
below show the number of mosques and mushola in Nagari Alam Pauh
Duo.
Table 0-39 Number of places of Worship According to Nagari its
Type in Pauh Duo Sub-district, 2013
No Nagari Type of Place of Worship

330
Mosque Musholla Church Others
(small
mosque)
1. Alam Pauh Duo 11 5 - -
2. Pauh Duo Nan Batigo 6 4 - -
3. Luak Kapau Alam 6 11 - -
Pauh Duo
4. Kapau Alam Pauh Duo 3 2 - -
Total 26 22 - -
Source: Patah Duo Sub-district in figures, 2014
Table 0-40 Number of Worship Facilities in Nagari Alam Pauh Duo
No. of
Name of Jorong No. of Mosques
Musholla
Pakan Salasa 1 unit 28 units
Durian Tigo 1 unit 1 unit
Capang
Ampalu 1 unit 2 unit
Pekonina 28 units 1 unit
Sapan Sari 2 units 1 unit
Kampung Baru 1 unit 2 units
Taratak Tinggi 1 unit 2 units

331
Simancung 1 unit 2 units
Total 11 units 14 units
Source: Nagari Alam Pauh Duo Office, 2013
The distribution of places of worship help people perform their
daily worship, as a place to celebrate the Islamic holidays as
well as the availability of religious education / morals for
children. Based on the above, environmental quality scale of the
religions and beliefs components can be categorized as good or
scale 4.

332
3.3.2.4 Institutionalism
The community social life structure in the Nagari Alam Pauh Duo,
Pauh Nan Batigo and Lubuk Gadang Selatan Tinggi study area, as
the areas having direct contact with the construction
activities of PLTP Muara Laboh by SEML, has several formal and
informal institutions in place. The existence of formal and
informal institutions are of help in assisting people in
completing various citizenship administrative requirements,
putting talents and hobbies to use as well as strengthening the
community kinship system. Social interaction that takes place in
formal and informal institutions is a form of social relations
that are reciprocal in its contribution.
The formal and informal institutions in carrying out its roles
and functions have not yet been supported by adequate means,
especially from the village administration (nagari) and sub-
village (jorong). Institutions existing in the study area in
general is the (KAN), Nagari Consultative Body (Bamus),
Institute for Community Empowerment Nagari (LPMN), farmer
groups, the Village Unit Cooperatives (KUD), Youth Organization
(Karang Taruna), Religious Study Club (Majelis Ta'lim), groups
on Islamic studies, funeral organizing groups (kelompok

333
kematian), Quranic recital group (kelompok yasinan), Family
Welfare Improvement society (PKK) and youth groups.
3.3.2.5 Ownership and Land Tenure
The planned additional wellpads and production wells to be
developed are located in the productive community paddy fields
in jorong Taratak Tinggi nagari Alam Pauh Duo. The economic life
of the people in the study area depends on agriculture
especially in rice paddy fields. The land in Jorong Taratak
Tinggi is generally owned by individuals for it was bought by
the community as well as obtained through manaruko (opening) of
forest and shrubs. Based on interviews with the Representative
of Jorong Taratak Tinggi and the community, lands in Jorong
Taratak Tinggi have been cultivated by the community for a long
time because the land was a former Dutch tea plantation which
had been abandoned and was no longer maintained.
The additional wellpads and production wells for the
construction of PLTP with a capacity of 250 MW are located on
the land having a former status as HGU ( Right to Use) land of
PT Pekonina Baru which was a tea plantation belonging to the
Dutch colonial government and has now become the property of and
controlled by the government. Prior to the construction of PLTP
in 1990, the land was used or cultivated as a place to grow

334
crops (rice fields and plantation) by the people from various
regions such as Muara Labuh, Ulu Liki, Alahan Panjang, Talang
Babungo, Pakan Rabaa and other areas. Being a former tea
plantation, there are certain people that claim it as communal
land. The process of land ownership and custody by SEML was done
by giving a profitable compensation which is considered as
adequate to all land owners/workers. The mechanisms of
profitable compensation for the community land and crops
affected by the construction of PLTP was done through the local
government or customary traditions, namely the Head of Sub-
district, Wali Nagari, Ninik Mamak and landowners.
The planned construction of wellpads and production wells
(Wellpad ML-09) in an area of ± 1 ha is located in the middle of
Jorong Taratak Tinggi community paddy fields. While wellpads and
production wells ML-06 and NL-07 are planned to be constructed
in Idung Mancung in an area of ± 2 ha that is located in an area
close to the borders of TNKS, land of which had been cultivated
by the people, according to these land workers, it must also be
acquired by the proponent;.in addition, there is also still land
acquisition process taking place for Wellpad J and Wellpand I
that are also close to the area bordering TKNS.

335
From the results of field monitoring of SEML PLTP land
ownership, it is indicated that profitable compensation has been
provided for the community’s land located in the PLTP
construction area by SEML in accordance with the prevailing
rules. No people raise complaints about land issues related to
the construction of PLTP in the study area, which means that the
community land acquisition process has worked well and that no
parties have sufferred harm because of land issues in the PLTP
project development and all had already been settled by means
of deliberations to achieve consensus through the nagari
institution and regional government. Based on the results of
field surveys, all community land had been given a profitable
compensation by SEML. Based on the above description, ownership
and tenure of land are in a fair condition (scale 3) and the
impact is classified as more significant (scale 4).
3.3.2.6 Community Perception
Public perception or views regarding the plan for the
development and addition of production wells and wellpads to
meet the PLTP production capacity, as seen from community social
interaction with construction activities of PLTP in the study
area. Perception can be interpreted as a person's understanding,
opinion or response regarding an object that is usually

336
different from one another due to tendencies and experience.
Perception also means a process by which individuals organize
and interpret sensory impressions so as to give meaning to his
environment (Robbins, 1996).
Therefore, perception can involve processes to identify,
describe, recognize again, and consider the objects obtained
through various information.
Furthermore, public perception on the plan to build PLTP
production wells in Pauh Duo Sub-district, Nagari Alam Pauh Duo
and Pauh Duo Nan Batigo may lead to a variety of interpretations
from the society of an activity.
This study is to look at the response, attitude and views of the
community to the planned construction of the PLTP based on
socio-cultural aspects at the activity locations, namely Jorong
Kampung Baru, Taratak High, Pekonina and Pinang Awan, as
agricultural areas. Community perception can be identified
through labor recruitment, land acquisition and so can the
perception of the PLTP construction activities that have been
going on for 4 years.

337
Public negative perception is a form of local community reaction
to the presence of and activities in PLTP Muara Laboh
construction by SEML in Nagari Alam Pauh Duo, Pauh Duo Sub-
district.
The aforementioned perception may be positive or negative. As a
prevalent thing in a society, a positive perception arises when
people do not feel aggrieved and even communities can gain
benefits, but this would be the opposite in the case of negative
perceptions. Therefore, public perception will affect the
dynamics and the continuation of the PLTP construction
activities. Public perception will be identiied from the
reaction of the pros and cons or the positive and negative
reaction to the planned construction of the PLTP. The table
below indicates public perception regarding the additional
construction of wellpads, to meet the capacity of the PLTP in
the study area.
Table 0-41 Public Perception on PLTP activities in Alam Pauh Duo
Sub-district
Position Statement Frequency Percentage
Strongly Disagree 2 5%

338
Disagree 3 7.5%
Be doubtful/ 1 2.5%
Indifferent
Agree 21 52.5%
Strongly Agree 13 32.5%
Total 40 100%
Source: Source: Primary Data 2014
The above table indicates that public perception on the
construction of additional wellpads in the Alam Pauh Duo Sub-
district somewhat varies. Respondents who agreed to the
construction of the geothermal power plant (PLTP) were 21 people
or 52.5% with the reason that the capital for the construction
of the geothermal power plants should not be missed out, and the
community can immediately maximally enjoy electric power
(electricity blackout by rotation will not happen again).
Meanwhile, number of respondents who expressed their strong
agreement is 13 persons or 32.5% of the total number of
respondents with the same reason; in addition, the PLTP
activities can develop and promote the area. Further, the number
of respondents who disagree is 3 persons (7.5%) with the reason

339
that PLTP activity may cause worry to the community like the
case of Lapindo mudflow, and it may lead to rice paddy field
drought and climate change in the area around the construction
site of the geothermal power plant (PLTP) due to moisture/dew.
Based on the above description, the negative perception of the
public on the environmental quality can be categorized as medium
(scale 3) and the impact is very significant (scale 5).
Public perception on the issues on additional production wells
for PLTP somewhat varies. People's opinion about the additional
sites for production wells would need additional land to be
acquired; in addition, other environmental impacts may be
created. The figure below shows the public perception of
environmental problems that may occur related to activities of
the addition of production wells for the PLTP in Nagari Alam
Pauh Duo.

340
1 (3%) 19 (47%)
7 (18%)
Land acquisition process

Lahan
has notbelum
finishedselesai
Kekurangan
Rice field lack air sawah
of water
Pencemaran lingkungan
Environmental pollution
Konflikconflict
Social sosial
Disturbance to traffic
Gangguan lalu lintas
8 (20%)
5 (12%)
Figure 0-8 Perception on Environmental Issues Related to
Additional Productions Wells (Wellpads) for PLTP Muara Laboh
The above Figure shows that environmental problems regarding the
additional wellpads in the study area somewhat varies.
There are 19 Respondents (47%) out of the total number of
respondents interviewed who have opinions that there is a
problem land that some of the land has not yet been acquired is
because there is no clarification yet from SEML regarding the
additional production wellpads on the land where the
community’s paddy fields are located and the land cultivated by
the people in the TNKS border area whether compensation for such
land will be given or not.

341
The road built by SEML that leads to TKNS land is used by the
community to clear a new area, and some of them also take
timber. Because SEML assisted the government in urging people
not to clear land in the TNKS border area, a group of community
members who have negative mind had an opinion that the presence
of SEML had disturbed socio-economic activities of the people
who were used to farming and getting timber from the TNKS area.
Further, in relation to illegal logging done by the community in
the border area of TNKS and even the community’s entering the
TNKS area, SEML had banned this by placing several guard posts,
and TNKS should be more proactive in preventing the TNKS area
from encroachment by illegal loggers coming from various regions.
This prohibition should also have been followed with the
participation of government officials at the village, sub-
district and district levels.
Based on the data obtained from the result of the survey on land
acquisition, previously SEML had paid profitable compensation
based on the prevailing regulations and none of the community
members suffered harm due to the land acquisition.

342
There are five respondents (12%) who have an opinion that the
issue of lack of water for people's paddy fields is caused by
PLTP construction, with the reason that since the existence of
PLTP people felt that there is a lack of a water supply for the
paddy fields and the acquisition of the fields for PLTP
activities might cause the change in and disturb the water flow
to the community’s fields that border the fields that have been
compensated by the proponent.
There are 8 respondents (18%) who stated that the additional
wellpads will create an impact of environmental pollution to the
surrounding areas with the reason that there will be a
temperature and climate change around the area of construction
of PLTP as well as flood and erosion.
The additional wellpads and construction of the new roads by the
proponent is in line with the design requirement by taking into
account the land clearing which should be in line with the land
size required to avoid flooding and erosion. At the construction
site, because it rarely rains and the climate is warm, there is
a concern that community crop production will decrease due to
the climate change caused by the release of geothermal steam
into the surrounding atmosphere.
The number of respondents that stated that social conflicts

343
occur due to activities related to the construction of
additional wellpads are 7 people (18%); this is because
recruitment has not yet been fulfilled for only a limited number
of workers were recruited.
In addition, the recruitment process is still considered as
unfair and not transparent.
3.4 PUBLIC HEALTH
The planned construction of PLTP Muara Laboh is located in the
territory of Sangir and Pakan Selasa Community Health Centers
(Puskesmas). The ten main diseases exist within the territory of
these community health centers are environment-based diseases
which seem to be dominant, particularly Acute Respiratory Tract
Infections (Infeksi Saluran Pernafasan Akut / ISPA) and
diarrheal diseases (Table 0-42).
Table 0-42 Largest Number of Diseases in the Sangir and Pakan
Selasa Community Health Centers
Number Number
Name of Name of
No. of No. of
Disease Disease
Cases Cases

344
Sangir Community Health Pakan Selasa Community
Center - Sangir Sub- Health Center -Pauh Duo
district Sub-district
Acute Acute
Respiratory Respiratory
1. 4604 1 739
Tract Tract
Infections Infections
2 Gastritis 1618 2 Hypertension 506
3 Diarrhea 1414 3 Gastritis 422
4 Hypertension 1145 4 Febris 351
5 Rheumatism 1094 5 Rheumatism 273
6 Accidents 901 6 Tronsilo 236
7. Typhoid 877 7 Common co 184
8 Scabies 427 8 Diarrhea 214
9 Asma 314 9 Allergies 146
10 Miscellaneous 224 10 Accidents 142
Source: Sangir and Pakan Selasa Community Health Centers
(Puskesmas), 2012
Based on the study area, PLTP Muara Laboh construction
activities are located in two (2) sub-districts, namely Pauh Duo
with Jorong Kampung Baru, Taratak Tinggi, Ampalu, Pinang Awan,
Sapan Sari dan Pekonina; and Sangir Sub-district with Jorong

345
Liki. Illustration of community health status in the study area
(jorong) is based on primary data collection in the community
from 70 households with the following results.
3.4.1 Ilnesses Pattern
Environmental diseases are still the largest health problems in
the community, which are reflected in the high morbidity rate of
environment-based diseases in the community’s visits to health
care facilities.
The high morbidity rate is attributable to the poor condition
of basic sanitation, especially clean water and sanitation.
From the results of primary data collection, environmental
disease occurrence was found in the vicinity of the PLTP Muara
Laboh project site consisting of four (4) jorong, as follows:
27.5
total 7.5
75
47.5
40
kp. Baru 10
90
70 kulit
10 malaria
taratak tinggi 0
90
50 ispa
30
liki 10 diare
50
30
30
pekonina 10
70
40
0 20 40 60 80 100

346
Figure 0-9 Environment-Based Disease Occurrence in Study
Area
Based on the above Figure 0-9, it is shown that environment-
based diseases are dominated by Acute Respiratory Tract
Infections (Infeksi Saluran Pernafasan Akut / ISPA) at a rate of
75.05%, then it is followed by Diarrhea at a percentage rate of
47.5%..
3.4.2 Access to Public Health Services
Public Health Care is needed by the community for curative,
promotive, and rehabilitation activities. Health care is an
indicator of community health. The availability of health care
service center nearby the project site will provide easier
access for the community when they have health problems.
The construction site of the PLTP is within the territories of
two community health centers (puskesmas): Puskesmas Sangir and
Puskesmas Pakan Selasa. Puskesmas Sangir has 8 supporting
community health units (puskesmas pembantu), comprising 5 units
of Village Polyclinics (polindes/poliklinik desa), 2 units of
mobile puskesmas, 2 general practice units with 5 doctors and 4
nurses, 58 units of integrated health services post for children
under five years of age (posyandu balita), and 4 units of senior
citizens integrated health services post (posyandu lansia).

347
Puskesmas Pakan Selasa has 7 supporting community health units
(puskesmas pembantu), and 10 Village Polyclinics (polindes /
poliklinik desa). In addition, there are also private health
clinics that is capable of providing services to the community.
Public Health
Puskesmas hospitals
rumah sakit midwives
bidan desa witch doctor
batra/dukun
Centers
70
60 60 57.5
50
40
30 30
25
20
15
10 10 10 10
0 0 0 0 2.5
pekonina liki taratak kp. Baru total

tinggi
Figure 0-10 Access to Public Health Services
Based on the above Fugre III-10 there are a number of health
care alternatives available for the community which is not
limited only to the puskesmas, but also can the people ask for
the assistance of practicing nurses/midwives and other
paramedics. Therefore it reduces the people's efforts to seek
cures from non-medical or traditional health services.
Facilities mostly used are the services of the village
nurse/midwife (70%), but certain members of the community, which

348
is 30%, are still found to seek the services of alternative
medication (witch doctors/paranormal) .
3.4.3 Basic Sanitation Facilities
Basic sanitation is an optimum environmental condition or state
bringing a positive effect on the realization of optimum health
status.
Several indicators were used to see the effects of environmental
health, among others, the ownership of clean water facilities,
the use of defecation and waste disposal facilities.
Based on secondary data available, environmental health
facilities in the working area of Puskesmas Pakan Selasa and
Sangir are as follows:
Table 0-43 Types of Basic Sanitation in Puskesmas Sangir and
Pakan Selasa Work Areas
Type of Total Type of Total
No Sanitation No Sanitation
Facilities Facilities
Puskesmas Sangir - Sangir Sub- Puskesmas Pakan Selasa -
district Pauh Duo Sub-district

349
Clean Water Clean Water

1. 3,060 1. 8,912
Facilities Facilities
2. Family Toilet 1,109 2. Family Toilet 2,748
3. Waste Water 2,517 3.
Disposal System
(Sistem
Pembuangan Air
Limbah / SPAL)
4. Dumpsters 2,760 4.
Source: Puskesmas Sangir dan Puskesmas Pakan Selasa, 2012
Due to the fact that the planned construction activities of PLTP
Muara Laboh is located within the territory of the two
puskesmas, namely Puskesmas Pakan Selasa with Jorong Kampung
Baru, Taratak Tinggi, Ampalu, Pinang Awan, Sapan Sari dan
Pekonina; and Puskesmas Sangir with Jorong Liki; sanitation
facilities dedicated for the use of the nearby communities are
as follows:

350
PMA/Pansimas dug well

sumur gali river
sungai
55
total 10
20
70
kp. Baru 30
0
80
taratak tinggi 20
0
10
liki 30
60
60
pekonina 20
20
Figure 0-11 Percentage of Community Clean Water around
Project Site
Based on the above Figure, it is shown that the source of water
supply for the communty is originated from protected springs
through the Pansimas project, in particular the community in
Taratak Tinggi and Pekonina, while those using wells are the
community of Jorong Kampung Baru; those that make use of the
river coupled with a pipeline are generally from the Jorong Liki
community.

351
80 80
80 70
70
60 50 52.5
50 40 40 latrines
Jamban
40 30 toilets
MCK
30
rivers
Sungai
20 10 10 10 10 10 7.5
10 0
0
tinggi
Figure 0-12 Percentage of Community Toilet Facilities In the
Study Area
Based on the above image, it is shown that people make use of
the river as toilets (80%). This is because the location of the
study area are passed by rivers.

352
60
50 50
50
40 40 40 40 40
40
32.5
30 30 river
27.5 Sungai
30
road/yard
jalan/halaman
20 20 20 20
20 open
saluranchannel
terbuka
10
0
tinggi
Figure 0-13 Percentage of Community Waste Water Disposal
It is shown in Figure 0-13 that community waste water disposal
is not managed well. The community waste water disposal is
directed to the river, garden and yard openly.

353
total 2.5 97.5
kp. Baru 10 90
taratak tinggi 0 100
liki 0 100
pekonina 0
100
0
20
40
60
80
100
no
tidak Yayes
Figure 0-14 Percentage of Community Waste Disposal in the
Study Area
Figure 0-14 shows that the garbage disposal system in the study
area in general does not include a temporary disposal area, and
the people manage it by burning and throwing the garbage into
the bushes.

354
70
70
60
50
50
40 40 40
40
ventilation
ventilasi
32.5
3030 30 30 30 30 lighting
Pencahayaan
27.5
30 25 not
tidakcompact
padat
20 20 20 202020
20 window
jendela
10
0
tinggi
Figure 0-15 Percentage Community Healthy House According to
the study area
Based on Figure 0-15, it is shown that the requirements for a
healthy house in the study area is due to the lack of house
ventilation, in addition, the people seldom open their windows
in the morning, causing inadequate lighting in the house.
Observing the public health conditions as seen from
environmental-based diseases, health care utilization and
environmental health, it can be concluded that the environmental
quality scale of the initial environmental setting is medium
(scale 3) and the impact is more significant (scale 4).

355
3.5 TRANSPORTATION
3.5.1 Road and Transportation Facilities in Location of Study
Solok Selatan District with the capital Padang Aro, has a
strategic position because it connects the province of West
Sumatra with Jambi Province. The distance from Padang Aro to
Padang City is approximately + 200 km, with travel time of 5-6
hours, by 4-wheel vehicle.
The road that connects the city of Padang to Solok Selatan
District is one of the main roads which is the provincial road
that connects the two provinces. The total length of the
existing road in Solok Selatan District in 2011 increased
significantly to 1,941.96 km. However, this increase in roads
was not followed by an increase in the number and quality of
roads.
From the point of view of the road surface type, the length of
district roads that have been coated with asphalt is only 88.53
km, the road covered with gravel is 310.50 kmin length, the dirt
roads are 972.50 km, while 262.18 km constitutes other roads.

356
Table 0-44 Length of Road (km) According to its Surface and
Governmental Authorization Status in Solok Selatan
District 2012
Governmental Authorization Status

Classification
National Provincial District Total
Asphalt - 135.25 88.53 223.78
Gravel - 43.00 310.50 353.50
Dirt - 170.00 972.50 1,142.50
Others - - 262.18 262.18
Total - 348.25 1,633.71 1,981.96
Source: Solok Selatan District - Public Works Office 2012
The highway streteching between the two provinces is the
backbone of the economy, therefore, good road conditions will
facilitate smoother transportation flow and increase economic
transactions. The condition of the roads that connect the city
of Padang Aro with Muara Labuh at present is good, but damaged
roads are found also. Based on the information obtained from the
Public Works Office of Solok Selatan District, it is noted that
there are still many roads which are in damaged and severely
damaged conditions, which are respectively 387.90 km and 1089.45

357
km in length. In the meantime, length of the roads in good
condition is 275.62 km and 228.99 km in medium condition.
To reach the PLTP Muara Laboh location, which is in Pauh Duo
Sub-district, after passing Muara Labuh there is a winding road
of approximately 10 km or about 30 minutes drive through asphalt
paved roads and at Nagari Pekonina, the entrance is an 8 meter
wide road that is still in the hardening stage. The road
connects several wellpad locations as well as the PLTP Muara
Labuh location.
The data of 2012 in figures originating from Alam Pauh Duo Sub-
district, Sangir Sub-district and Pauh Duo Sub-district, are
shown in the Table 0-45 below.
Table 0-45 Number of Bridges and Road Segments Based on Length
Pauh Duo Sub-

Sangir Sub-district
district
Description
Number Length Number Length
(units) (Meter) (units) (Meter)
Bridges 15 310.00 29 886.50
Road 50 159.50 98 321.42

358
Segments
Source: Profiles of Alam Pauh Duo Sub-district, 2012 and Sangir
Sub-district, 2012
The number of bridges in Sangir Sub-district is 29 units with a
length of 886.50 meters, and in Pauh Duo Sub-district is 15
units with a length of 310 meters, while the length of roads in
Sangir Sub-district is 205.00 km and in the Pauh Duo Sub-
district it is 159.50 km.
Table 0-46 presents the length of the roads and their types of
pavements; in Pauh Duo Sub-district, the length of asphalted
roads is 41,20 km, gravel roads is 33,60 km, and dirt roads is
82,40 km, while reinforcement by concrete in this sub-district
is not yet available. The reinforcement in Sangir Sub-sdistrict
for asphalt paved roads is 27.52 km in length, concrete pavement
3.50 km, while gravel roads is 85.40 km in length, and dirt
roads is 205 km in length.
Table 0-46 Road Length (km) According to Type of Road Surface
Pauh Duo Sangir Sub-

Description
Sub-district district

359
Pauh Duo Sangir Sub-

Description
Sub-district district
Asphalt Road 41.20 27.52
Concrete Road - 3.50
Gravel Road 33.60 85.40
Dirt Road 82.40 205
Other Roads 2.30 -
Total 159.50 321.42
Source: Profiles of Alam Pauh Duo Sub-district, 2012 and Sangir
Sub-district, 2012
3.5.2 Road User Safety Facilities
Some locations have been installed with road mirrors and traffic
signs, which are placed at accident prone areas/locations.
According to observation results during a study conducted in
Solok Selatan District, they do not yet have a public
transportation system to provide transportation services,
especially in Padang Aro, the center of Solok Selatan District.
Based on observation results, the use of vehicles as a means of
transport that can mobilize people from one place to another is

360
dominated by 2-wheeled vehicles (motorcycles).
Solok Selatan District only has a transportation terminal which
is rural class scale. Public transportation are currently only
served by rural transport that shuttles from one market to
another. While transportation for traveling outside the district
is served by regular and mini buses which unofficially provide
the transportation service for Padang-Padang Aro, Padang-Muara
Labuh, Solok-Padang Aro dan Solok-Muara Labuh routes.
Based on the data from Solok Selatan District Transportation
Service Office of Pauh Duo Sub-district, accident-prone areas
are located in Pekonina and Pakan Selasa, while in Sungai Pagu
Sub-district the accident-prone areas are located in Kampung
Tarandam, Bariang Rao-Rao dan Rawan.
In Solok Selatan there are also several on-street markets (that
cause congestions to the main roads), such as in Sungai Kalu
where the market opens every Friday, Pakan Selasa which opens on
Tuesdays, Pakan Rabaa that opens every Wednesday, and Padang Aro
that opens on Wednesdays and Saturdays; thus, they need
special traffic arrangements in those particular days and
locations.

361
3.5.3 Low Awareness of Good Traffic Attitude
Based on information from Solok Selatan Subregional Police, low
awareness of traffic regulations, and the inadequacy of
supporting infrastructure are the main causes of traffic
accidents n Solok Selatan. The problem of inadequate facility is
the small number of public transport, causing the majority of
students to use motorcycles for their activities. The rate of
traffic accident victims in Solok Selatan is 60%, who are
categorized as productive age and they use motorcycles.
To reduce the number of traffic accidents, Solok Selatan Police
have intensified dissemination with students as its primary
target by distributing materials on traffic rules to the
students. Accident victim data in 2011 accounts for 35 cases
with 15 mortality, 11 seriously injured, and 37 slightly
injured.
Locations which are prone to traffic accidents cover Padang Aro,
Timbulun, Bariang Sangir that are located in Sangir Sub-
district, Lalu Pulakek in Sungai Pagu Sub-district, and in the
Pekonina Area of Pauh Duo Sub-district.

362
Table 0-47 Number of Vehicles Passing Pekonina
Number of Vehicles (units)
TR-1 TR-2
Time Vehicle
(Block O T- (Mosque T-
junction) junctiion)
08:00 – Bus 4 -
10:00 West Truck, other 32 10

Indonesia transportation
Time
Public - -
Transportation
Private 108 18
Vehicles
Motorcycle 420 70
13:00 – Bus 5 1

Time
Public - -
Transportation
Private 128 25
Vehicles

363
Number of Vehicles (units)
TR-1 TR-2
Time Vehicle
(Block O T- (Mosque T-
junction) junctiion)
Motorcycle 390 58
15:00 – Bus 3 1

Time
Public - -
Transportation
Private 115 15
Vehicles
Motorcycle 210 50
Source: Survey Data Analysis Results, 2013

364
Other
Other means means of
of transport transport
bus
Private
Private cars
cars
motorcycles motorcycles
Figure 0-16 Percentage Ratio of Vehicles Passing Study
Location
Based on the result of the field, the number of motorcycles is
very dominant in the study area, with TR-1 reaches 70%, and TR-2
69%.
3.6 OTHER ACTIVITIES AROUND PLANNED LOCATION
In general, the PLTP Muara Laboh planned construction area is
located on land having a former status as HGU (Right to Use)
land for Other Purpose Usage Area (Area Penggunaan Lain/APL).
The land used for the planned activities occupies a former
plantation area for tea, coffee, and quinine of Pekonina (owned
by the State), and community land (residential and agricultural
land), which at present has already obtained permission from the
National Government and the Regional Government of Solok
Selatan.

365
Other activities present around the planned construction
activity area for PLTP Muara Laboh at Solok Selatan District,
are:
 Residential area, paddy fields and plantation,
 Kerinci Seblat National Park (Taman Nasional Kerinci
Seblat/TNKS) Pinang Awan,
 Micro-Hydro Power Plant (Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Mikro
Hidro/PLTM)
 Hot Spring Recreation Park in Sapan Malulong.
Sampling location for all environmental components is shown by
Map 0-7

366
Map 0-7 Locations for Sampling of Environmental Components

367
CHAPTER IV SCOPE OF STUDY
4.1. SCOPING PROCESS
Scoping is the initial process to determine the scope of
problems and identify significant impacts (hypotheses)
related to the planned activities. The scoping of significant
impacts is conducted through a series of processes, i.e.
potential impact identification and potential impact
evaluation.
The significant impact to be reviewed in the ANDAL and RKL-
RPL Addendum will be focused on the hypothetical
environmental impact which may occur due to changes and new
additional activities. The significant impacts on the
environment as a result of activities that have been and are
currently being undertaken, have been reviewed in the
previous environmental study (2013 Amdal).
4.1.1. Potential Impact Identification
Identifying potential impact is, principally, estimating all
the potential impacts of planned activities to be performed
on the location with environmental baseline. From the
identification of the potential impacts a list of potential
impacts will be produced(Table IV-1). Other than that,

368
potential impacts may also be identified by using impact
identification method in the form of simplified interaction
matrix (Table IV-2).
Table IV-1 List of Potential Impacts of Geothermal
Development Activities for 250 MW Muara Laboh Geothermal
Power Plant
IMPACT SOURCE POTENTIAL IMPACTS

Preconstruction Stage
1. Land Acquisition - Land tenure change
- Change of community
perception
Construction Stage
1. Labor Recruitment - Opening up of
employment
opportunity
- Opening up of
business opportunity
- Changes in the
Community revenue
- Changes in Social
values and norms
- Changes of community
perception
2. Equipment and material - Change in Air
mobilization quality
- change in Noise
level
- Traffic

369

transportation
disturbance
- Public health
disorder
3. Land clearing - Change in air
quality
- Change in noise
level
- Change in erosion
and sedimentation
- Change in Surface
water run-off rate
- Change in Surface
water quality
- Terrestrial flora
and fauna
interruption
- Aquatic biota
interruption
4. Civil construction, - Change in air
mechanical, electrical, and PLTP quality
works - Change in noise
level
- Public health
disorder
5. Production and injection - Change in air
well drilling and production quality and noise
well testing level
- Change in Land water
quality

370

- Change in Surface
water quality
Aquatic biota
interruption
- Public health
disorder
perception
6. Termination of employment - loss of employment
opportunity
- Loss of business
opportunity
- Change in Community
income
perception
Operation Stage
employment
opportunity
- Opening up of
- Change in community
income
- Change in social
values and norms
perception
2. Geothermal field - Change in air
development quality and noise

371

- Additional well level
drilling (production - Change in ground
and injection wells), water quality
well testing and well - Change in surface
maintenance water quality
- Aquatic biota
interruption
- Social health
disorder
perception
3. PLTP Operation - Change in air
a. Commissioning quality
- Change in noise
level
b. Turbine operation - Change in air
quality
- Change in noise
level
- Change in surface
water quality
Post-operation Stage
1. Production and injection - Change in air
well closing, pipeline and quality
supporting facilities un- - Change in noise
installation, and PLTP level
dismantling - Pubilc health
disorder
perception

372

2. Rehabilitation/reforestation - Erosion and
sedimentation shift
- Change in surface
water run-off rate
- Change in surface
water quality
- Change in
terrestrial flora
and fauna
- Change in aquatic
biota
3. Land Restoration - Land tenure change
4. Termination of employment - Lost of employment
and business
opportunities
income
- Change in social
values and norms
perception

373
ic,
Cultur Geophysical
Biological
e and and Chemical
Componens
Public Components
Health
Noise
Air Quality
Aquatic Biota
ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENTS
COMPONENTS OF ACTIVITIES
Surface water quality

Ground water quantity
Employment opportunity
Erosion and Sedimentation
Surface water run-off rate
Terrestrial Flora and Fauna

Preliminary Study
Design Works
PRE-
Land Acquisition
CONSTRUCTION
•
Labor Recriutment
MW Muara Laboh Geothermal Power Plant
Mobilization of Equipment adn

•
•
Materials
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Land Clearing
Civil, Mechanical, Electrical

•
•
and PLTP Construction
Production and Injection Well

CONSTRUCTION
374
•
•
•
•
•
Drilling and Production Well

Testing
•
Termination of Employment
•
Laborr Recruitment

•
•
•
•
•
Drilling, Production Well

MAL
FIELD
Testing and Well Maintenance

GEOTHER
•
•
Testing (Commissioning)
OPERATION
PLTP
Operation of Turbine and

•
•
•
Condenser
Closure of Production and

Injetion Wells, Demolition of
Pipeline and Supporting
Facilities as well as
Demolitio of PLTP
Rehabilitation/Revegetatio of
•
•
•
•
•
Land
POST-OPERATION
Land Restoration
•
Table IV-2 Potential Impact Identification Matrix for Geothermal Development Activities for 250

Land tenure
Public health
Transportation
Community Income
Community perception
Business Opportunity
Social values and norms

Preliminary Study
Design Works
PRE-
•
•
Land Acquisition
CONSTRUCTION
•
•
•
•
Labor Recriutment
•
•
Materials
Land Clearing
•
375
CONSTRUCTION
•
•
Testing
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Laborr Recruitment

•
•

MAL
FIELD

GEOTHER
OPERATION
PLTP

Condenser

•

Demolitio of PLTP
Land
•
POST-OPERATION
Land Restoration
•
•
•
•
4.1.2 Potential Impact Evaluation
The hypothetical significant impacts reviewed in the study of
ANDAL and RKL-RPL Addendum are focused on the hypothetical
significant impact that may occur to the environment due to
change of and addition to activities, as elaborated below:
4.1.2.1 Pre-construction stage
During pre-construction stage, the activity inducing
significant impact is land acquisition. Currently, SEML
acquires almost all lands required for the project. Should
there be any additional need for land, another land
acquisition will be made.
4.1.2.2 Construction Stage
1) Drilling Activities
During this construction stage, additional drilling for 24 to
30 wells will be performed on 13 or more wellpads. The
geothermal production wells are 1,500-3,000 meters deep below
the land surface. The drilling may be made vertically or in a
certain direction (directional well). The targeted structure
for geothermal drilling is not the shallow ground water
structure. Shallow ground water is avoided to intrude the

376
wells and in turn reduces the temperature of the reservoir.
The whole part of the well hole will be covered by casing. To
prevent intrusion of ground water into the well, instead of
perforated casing. This casing will be attached to rock
formation beside it using special cement. In a big hole, the
casing diameter may reach 36 inches.
During the drilling process, water based mud (WBM) will be
used as lubricant for drill bits. At a certain depth, the
casing will be fixed to prevent the wall of the wells from
collapsing and to prevent leakage from or to the formation.
The designs of both drilling equipment and wells conform to
API (American Petroleum Institute) and/or New Zealand
Drilling Standards that have capability of withstanding
anticipated pressure. Furthermore, the drilling is also
equipped with blow out preventer (BOP) and during the
drilling, the workers will refer to the standard operational
procedure to ensure their safety and security during the
drilling work.
The condition of drilling area has been studied thoroughly
and comprehensively pursuant to the disciplines of Geology,
Geophysics, and Geochemistry. It is very different from the
drilling carried out by Lapindo. The location of Lapindo
drilling has different geological setting from geothermal
drilling in Muara Labuh. The geological structure of

377
Lapindo’s drilling area is weathered sediment, while PLTP
Muara Laboh’s drilling geological structure is hard and
massive volcanic rocks (pyroclastic and lava). Therefore, the
case of Lapindo is not likely to happen in PLTP Muara Laboh.
Following the drilling, well heads will be fitted and the
well is equipped with a device to control the fluid flow
rate.
The chemical substances used in this project came with MSDS
(Material Safety Data Sheet). Most of the chemical substances
are classified as non-hazardous and non-toxic wastes (non-B3)
based on the list issued by the United States Environmental
Protection Agency (US-EPA) and Ministry of the Environment.
The storage and treatment for such chemical substances and
waste will refer to the MSDS. The procedure for the treatment
of drilling mud and drilling cutting shall be pursuant to
Governmental Regulation No. 101 of 2014 on Hazardous and
Toxic Waste Treatment. Explosives will only be used if
problems are found during the drilling, i.e. to discharge the
pipe if drill pipes are squeezed. The amount to be used is
approximately 4 kilograms each time when there is a problem.
The existing explosives warehouse has a permit from the
Headquarter of Indonesian National Police (MABES POLRI) and
it is monitored regularly by the relevant institutions, among
others, by the Regional Police (Polda), Police Precinct

378
(Polres) and Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (ESDM).
Any utilization of explosives must be with the knowledge of
the local police and reported regularly to the relevant
institutions.
Water required for drilling process is taken from surface
water and rain run-off water. The amount of water used is
limited and should be managed as such so that it will not
interfere with community needs and conditions. During the
drilling process, 30-60 liters/second of water is required.
It is very small compared to the river flows that could reach
more than 1,000 liters/second. The water used is taken from
the river which is not used for the need of the communities
in the surrounding areas or on a limited basis taken from the
river which is also used by the community such as for
irrigation, etc.
In line with the procedure, for the purpose of using the
water, Water Use Permit (SIPA Surat Izin Pemakaian Air) has
been obtained from and issued by the relevant institution
(Schedule 9).
One of significant risks in geothermal drilling process is
H2S gas which in certain concentrate will cause death.
Therefore, during the drilling activities, each wellpad must
be equipped with 4 units of H2S sensor mounted on 4 different

379
locations identified as H2S gas dispersion area. The first
alarm will be activated when ambient H2S content indicates 10
ppm and sirene for evacuation will be heard when the H2S
ambient indicates 20 ppm. The safety officer with special
protection equipment will manage the leakage of the H2S gas
so that there is no more H2 gas dispersion in the ambient
air.
The planned activities and components of activities that may
create significant impacts on the drilling and production
well testing are as follows:
a. Drill Cutting
During the drilling process, solid wastes in the form of
drill cutting are produced along with water based mud. At the
time of drilling, the drilling cutting is formed up to 300 m3
per well and stored temporarily in a concrete pond within the
wellpad area and after drilling has been completed, it is
moved and stored in the Temporary Storage (TPS) pursuant to
Toxic Waste Treatment, stipulating that drill cutting from
geothermal activities is not categorized as not hazardous and
toxic wastes (B3) thus it can be utilized as required or
piled up in an appropriate location.
b. Drilling Mud

380
In the drilling process, water based mud (WBM) will be used.
The main component is clay and therefore water based mud is
not categorized as hazardous and toxic wastes pursuant to
Toxic Waste Treatment. When drilling has been completed, the
drilling mud is mixed with brine in a proportional quantity
to prevent sedimentation, and returned to the reservoir
through injection wells. The drilling mud may also be dried
up and utilized as construction raw materials or piled up in
an appropriate location.
2) Production well testing activities
After drilling activities have been completed, production
testing will be carried out upon the confirmation of heat
recovery by thermal gradient survey. The purpose of this test
is to estimate the well production and to create well
production curve or deliverability. The wells will be opened
with different valve positions or sizes to obtain a stable
well production curve. This production curve functions as
baseline for initial reference and the change of production
curve in the future must be compared with this initial curve.
During production testing, the temperature and pressure will
be measured to determine the depth of the feed zone and give

381
the profile when the well is in open condition during the
production position.
a. H2S gas emission during production testing
Planned activities and components of activities during the
production testing may generate emissions and dispersion,
particularly H2S gas to the atmosphere, along with
associated gas in the form of CO2 and Boron compounds. The
well production testing is conducted by streaming fluid 2 wet
steam to a Separator, through choke size of which varies. The
separated dried steam is released to the atmosphere through
Rock Muffler which can reduce noise, while the brine is
returned to the reservoir through injection wells. This
process may last for 30 days. To sum up, the production well
testing is presented in the figure below.
Gas H2 S + CO2 boron

based vapor
wet steam
production
wells
Dry
brine tank Rock
steam
Noise Muffler
to injection wells

382
Figure IV-1 Gas Emission during Production Well Testing
During production well testing, the release of vapor and gas
to the atmosphere through the Rock Muffler may emit and
disperse H2S. CO2 is not a pollutant, whereas the Boron
content in the steam is very small thus giving insignificant
impacts. On the contrary, H2S smells like rotten eggs and in
a certain concentration is toxic which may degrade ambient
air quality and cause harm to environmental health and
comfort.
b. Noise during production testing
The release of steam to the atmosphere during production well
test may create noise. However, using Rock Muffler, the noise
could be controlled and the noise propagation is localized
around the wellpads.
c. Formation of brine during production testing
During production testing, the steam is released to the
atmosphere through the Rock Muffler and the brine formed is
collected in the Thermal Pond or other available ponds. From
that pond, the waste water is returned to injection wells.
This way, the brine treatment will be environmentally
friendly.

383
4.1.2.3 Operation Stage
Steam collected in SGS (Steam Gathering System) is channeled
through the steam piping network to the PLTP. The operational
activities of the PLTP starts from the steam being received
in the Steam Receiving Header, then dry steam will enter
turbine generator and eventually produces electrical power in
the switchyard connecting point and then connected to PLN
Substation. These planned activities may result in the
following impacts:
1) H2S gas emission
The geothermal fluid in the reservoir containing a non-
condensable gas (NCG) that needs attention, among others, is
H2S. After that, NCG is separated from the steam fraction in
the Steam Ejector, and released to the atmosphere through the
Cooling Tower stack that will emit and disperse H2S gas into
the atmosphere. Thus, from the Cooling Tower, emission and
dispersion of H2S into the atmosphere will occur and smells
like rotten eggs and in a certain concentration is toxic and
degrades ambient air quality which may be harmful to
environmental health and comfort within the affected
dispersion area. The Steam Ejector is type oof equipment
having the function to create vacuum pressure in the

384
Condenser with Venturi effect (convergent – divergent
nozzle). H2S gas is heavier than the air, therefore it tends
to accumulate and form the dangerous H2S gas hood on the
surface of the land, although finally it will be dispersed in
the air. Thus, to minimize the H2S gas emission, the gas is
dispersed with thermal draft in the Cooling Tower. The Gas
Removal System at the PLTP is presented in the figure below.

dry steam
Emission of H2S, CO2

and Steam + Boron
Vacuum
Separator
wet steam
from turbine
condensate
condensate to injection
wells
Figure IV-2 Schematic Diagram of NCG Removal System in
As such, PLTP operation potentially creates significant
impacts on the air quality, especially with the dispersion of
H2S gas.
2) Condensate Water

385
The condensation in the condenser produces condensate with
TDS content of approximately 5,000 ppm. The condensate
contains silica that easily settles, and forms silica polymer
in the form of crust stuck on the piping wall which is hard
to clean, either mechanically or chemically. Boron is toxic
to plants but its existence may prevent the formation of
silica crust. It is a geothermal-field standard that the hot
condensate must be returned to the reservoir through
injection wells in order to be environmentally friendly.
3) Noise
In PLTP operation, the potential noise originating from
Cooling Tower fans, Steam Ejector, Turbine, and Generator. In
the normal operation, noise propagation is localized only
around the PLTP noise source and thereby the area can be made
as PLTP buffer zone. The highest noise may occur at the PLTP
when Turbine operation is interfered at the time the steam is
released to the atmosphere through relief valves and as a
result, a high level of noise for several hours can be heard
up to 1 km away. In order to reduce the noise, the steam is
channeled through the Rock Muffler before it is released from
the relief valve. Thus, in normal operation, PLTP will
generate noise only up to PLTP buffer zone, while in abnormal
operation PLTP potentially creates significant impacts.

386
4.1.2.4 Post-operation Stage
In this stage, there are no activities planned that create
significant impacts, therefore it is not necessary to discuss
this further in this ANDAL.
The potential impact evaluation matrix becomes hypothetical
significant impacts is presented in Table IV-3 . Meanwhile,
the correlation between one environmental impact and the
other environmental impacts to determine primary, secondary,
and tertiary impacts as well as to determine environmental
components/parameters that have the greatest magnitude of

387
impact is indicated in the flowchart as described in
Figure IV-3 and Figure IV-4.

388
Activities for 250 MW Muara Laboh Geothermal Power Plant
Table IV-3
Biolo
gical Geophysical and
Compo Chemical Components
nens
Terrestrial Flora and Fauna
Surface water run-off rate

Erosion and Sedimentation
Surface water quality
Ground water quantity
Air Quality
Noise
Matriks
of
CONSTRUCTION
Preliminary Study
PRE-
Hypothetical
Design Works
Land Acquisition
Labor Recriutment

Materials
Land Clearing
CONSTRUCTION
•
•
•
Significant
389

•
Testing
Laborr Recruitment
Impacts
GEOTHER

FIELD
MAL

•
OPERATION
of
•
PLTP

•
Geothermal
Condenser

POST-OPERATION
Demolitio of PLTP
Development
•
•
•
Land
Land Restoration
Socio-Economic, Culture and Public
Health Components
Land tenure
Aquatic Biota
Community Income
Community perception
Business Opportunity
Employment opportunity
Social values and norms

Preliminary Study
Design Works
PRE-
•
•
Land Acquisition
CONSTRUCTION
•
•
•
•
•
Labor Recriutment

Materials
•
Land Clearing

390
CONSTRUCTION
•
•

Testing
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Laborr Recruitment

•
•

MAL
FIELD

GEOTHER
OPERATION
PLTP

Condenser

•

Demolitio of PLTP
•
Land
POST-OPERATION
Land Restoration
•
•
•
•
•

Transportation
Public health
CONSTRUCTION
Preliminary Study
PRE-
Design Works
Land Acquisition
Labor Recriutment

Materials
Land Clearing
CONSTRUCTION
391

•
Testing
Laborr Recruitment
GEOTHER

FIELD
MAL

•
OPERATION
PLTP

Condenser

POST-OPERATION
Demolitio of PLTP
Land
Land Restoration
PRECONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION STAGE
STAGE OF STAGE
ACTIVITIES
TYPES OF
ACTIVITIES Mobilization of
Land Acquisition Labor Recruitment Land Clearing
Equipment and
Materials
PRIMARY
IMPACT Change of Land Opening Up of Opening Up of Disturbance to Erosion and
Disturbance to Terrestrial Fauna and Sedimentation
Tenure Employment Business
Opportunity Opportunity Transportation Flora Increase
SECONDARY Change of
Change of Change in
IMPACT Change of social
Community Co u ity’s surface water
values and norms
Perception Income quality
TERTIARY
IMPACT Change of Distubance to
Community aquatic biota
Perception
Figure IV-3 Flowchart of Hypothetical Significant Impacts During Preconstruction and Construction Stages

392
OPERATION STAGE POST-OPERATION STAGE

STAGE OF
ACTIVITIES
Production and Injection Well Rehabilitation/

TYPES OF ACTIVITIES Operation of PLTP Termination of
Labor Recruitment Drillling, Production Well Testing Revegetation of Land
(Geothermal Power Plant) Employment
and Well Maitenance
Opening Up of Opening Up of Erosion and Passing Up of Passing Up of

PRIMARY Change of air quality Change of surface water Disturbance to
Employment Business Sedimentation Employment Business
and noise quality Terrestrial Flora
IMPACT Opportunity Opportunity Increase Opportunity Opportunity
and Fauna
SECONDARY Change of Social Change in

Public health Change in Public health Change of Aquatic Change of Co u iity’s
IMPACT Values and
Co u ity’s disorder Biota Surface Water
disorder Norms Income
Income Quality
TERTIARY Change of
IMPACT Change of
Disturbance to Community
Community
Aquatic Biota Perception
Perception
Figure IV-4 Flowchart of Hypothetical Significant Impacts During Operation and Post-operation Stages

393
4.1.3 Hypothetical Significant Impacts
In the preparation of ANDAL of the Planned Geothermal
Development Activities for PLTP Muara Laboh 250 MW, some
hypothetical significant impacts have been found. Upon a
thorough review, during the prepartion of ANDAL, several
significant impacts have been found. However, all significant
impacts can be well managed, thus the project is
environmentally feasible. The planned activities or
components of activities of Geothermal Development for PLTP
Muara Laboh 250 MW which is proven to have hypothetical
significant impacts is presented in the table below:
Table IV-2 Hypothetical Significant Impacts of Geothermal
Power Plant

Preconstruction Stage
1. Land acquisition - Change in Land tenure
perception
Construction Stage
employment
opportunity
- Opening up of

394

revenue
- Change in social
values and norms
perception
2. Land clearing - Erosion and
sedimentation shift
- Change in surface
water run-off rate
- Change in surface
water quality
- Interruption to
terrestrial flora and
fauna
- Interruption to
aquatic biota
3. Civil, mechanical, electrical, - Public health
and PLTP Construction disorder
5. Production well drilling, - Change in air quality
injection well drilling and and noise level
production well testing - Change in Land water
quality
- Change in Surface
water quality
- Aquatic biota
interruption
- Public health
disorder

395

perception
6. Termination of employment - Loss of Employment

opportunity
- Loss of Working
opportunity
- Change in Community
revenue
- Change of Social
values and norms
perception
Operation Stage
employment
opportunity
- Opening up of
availability
- change in community
income
- Change in social
values and norms
- change of community
perception
2. Geothermal field development - Air quality and noise
- Additional well drilling level modification
(production and injection - Surface water quality
wells), well testing and change
well maintenance

396

- Disturbance to
Aquatic biota
- Public health health
disorder
perception
3. PLTP Operation - Change of air quality
a. Testing (Commissioning) - Change in Noise
level
c. Turbine operation - Change of air quality
- Change in noise level
change
- Change in surface
water quality
Post-operation Stage
1. Rehabilitation/reforestation - Erosion and
sedimentation shift
- Change in surface
water run-off rate
- Change in surface
water quality
- Change in terrestrial
flora and fauna
- Change in aquatic
biota
2. Termination of Employment - Loss of employment
and business
opportunity
income

397

- Change in social
values and norms
perception
Based on the result of the review of ANDAL of the Planned
Geothermal Development Activities for PLTP Muara Laboh 250
MW, for the same planned activities (construction of new
wellpads, PLTP relocation, and supporting facilities
construction), then the significant impacts are typically the
same. Thus, the estimated hypothetical significant impacts of
these ANDAL and RKL-RPL Addendum may refer to ANDAL Document
of the Planned Geothermal Development Activities for PLTP
Muara Laboh 250 MW.
4.2 STUDY AREA BOUNDARIES AND STUDY TIMELINE
4.2.1 Study Area Boundaries
The Study area boundary is derived from project boundaries,
ecological boundaries, social boundaries, and administrative
boundaries. In addition, the study area boundaries are
determined based on the considerations of time, funds,
experts, and review method. Based on the above

398
considerations, the study area boundary of the plan covers
the area presented in Error! Reference source not found..
4.2.1.1 Project Boundaries
The boundaries of the project activities cover the geothermal
field development area and the area where Geothermal Power
Plant (PLTP) and Supporting Facilities will be built.
4.2.1.2 Ecological Boundaries
Ecological boundaries are determined by considering the zone
of impact dispersion of the planned activities which will be
implemented based on the material transportation method in
the form of solid and liquid materials constituting important
materials transported in the impact flow and dispersion
mechanism. The ecological boundaries are emphasized on
waterworks aspect and air or wind movement.
4.2.1.3 Social Boundaries
The social boundaries are based on the space surrounding the
study area, where social interaction and communication take
place. The social process therein applies the system of
social values and norms established in the community social
system. Villages (Nagari) and hamlets (Jorong) within the

399
sub-districts directly or indirectly are affected by
geothermal field development and PLTP construction.
4.2.1.4 Administrative Boundaries
Administrative boundaries cover Pauh Duo and Sangir Sub-
districts, Solok Selatan District, West Sumatra Province.
4.2.2 Study Timeline
In addition to the importance of scoping of impacts and study
area, the study timeline is also necessary. The scoping of
ANDAL study timeline of Geothermal Development Activities for
PLTP Muara Laboh is presented in the following table.
Table IV-3 Study Period Scoping
No Impact Source and Hypothetical Impacts Period
1. Land acquisition, starting from 1 year

survey, negotiation, payment up to
land administration settlement takes 1
year
2. Recruitment of construction labor for 1 year
4 months, followed by recruitment of
operation labor for 4 months near the
completion of construction with an
additional training period of 4 months
3. Production Well testing for each well, 3 years
with a total of 5-6 exploration wells,

400
No Impact Source and Hypothetical Impacts Period
27 production wells, and 5-6 injection

wells to fulfill the steam
requirements for PLTP 250MW.
Drilling is planned to be carried out
in stages until the end of 2018.
4. Geothermal field operation and PLTP 30 years
activities producing noise, H2S and CO2
dispersion, etc. will last 30 years
since the operation.
Estimated number of years of impact for 33 years
all activities
Therefore, it can be said that the time required to prepare
the operation is 3 years, while the operation period is 30
years since the completion of construction. Nevertheless, it
should be understood that the cessation of an impact source
does not necessarily mean the end of impacts at that moment
because there is still a possibility of consequential impacts
(residual impacts) which will take a long time for recovery.

401
Map IV-1 Study Area Boundaries

402
CHAPTER V PREDICTED SIGNIFICANT IMPACTS AND
EVALUATION OF SIGNIFICANT IMPACTS
5.1 PREDICTED SIGNIFICANT IMPACTS
SEML already has ANDAL and RKL-RPL documents for Geothermal
Development Activities for PLTP Muara Laboh 250 MW. From
the result of the study of the AMDAL documents it is found
that there are a number of Hypothetical Significant Impacts
(DPH/Dampak Penting Hipotetik). Further, during ANDAL
preparation and after an in-depth review, it is found that
evidently not all DPH are proven as significant impacts.
The signficant impacts stated in the previous Muara Laboh
AMDAL document remain to be significant impacts in this
ANDAL and RKL-RPL Addendum documents. Therefore this
ANDAL and RKL-RPL Addendum could indicate that the DPH
mentioned are indeed classified as important impacts for
the PLTP development activities in the new location along
with the additional 7 new wellpads and construction of the
supporting facilities.
The significant impact prediction is to predict the
magnitude of the impact and describe the significance of
the impact to determine the important value of each
hypothetical significant impact. Therefore the important
value of each impact could be identified, which impacts are
classified as significant and which one are insignificant.

403
Each impact always has two (2) measurements, namely the
measurement which identifies the magnitude of the impact
and the measurement which identifies the significance of
the impact. The magnitude of significant impact is
determined by mathematical calculation, analogy of similar
activities, professional judgement and other methods, while
the significance of the impact is determined based on seven
(7) important impact criteria namely:
(1) Total number of people to be affected.
(2) Impact dispersion area
(3) Impact duration
(4) Impact intensity,
(5) Number of other environmental components which will be
affected,
(6) The cumulative nature of the impact,
(7) Whether the impact is reversible or irreversible.
Based on the prediction of the magnitude of impact (M), the
impact dispersion area, impact duration, impact intensity,
and the number of other environmental components which will
be affected as well as the cumulative nature of the impact
will be identified as well as whether the impact is
reversible or irreversible which will be the basis in
determining the significance of the impact (I). Further,
based on the laws and regulations and the six (6) important
impact criteria the significance of the impact will be

404
identified. As such, the magnitude (M) and the significance
(I) of each impact could be identified by providing the
scale of magnitude and scale of significance within the
range of 5 scales respectively.
The scale of magnitude of The scale of significance
impact (M) of impact (I)
 Scale 1 (trivial)  Scale 1 (Not
 Scale 2 (small) significant)
 Scale 3 (moderate)  Scale 2 (quite
 Scale 4 (large) significant)
 Scale 5 (extremely  Scale 3 (significant)
large)  Scale 4 (more
significant)
 Scale 5 (extremely
significant)
It is estimated that the activity plans and activity
components of Muara Laboh PLTP Development will create
significant impacts on the physicial-chemical, biological
and socio-economic cultural environmental components,
either at the construction, operation or post-operation
stages. The exploration activity plan has been discussed in
details in UKL-UPL, which at the same time constitutes an
activity in the ANDAL preconstruction stage. Therefore this
ANDAL will be focusing more on the discussion of

405
significant impacts during construction, operation and
post-operation stages.
Further, the magnitude of the impact and the significance
of the impact could be used to assess and prove whether
each of the hypothetical significant impact is proven as a
significant impact. The activity plan and activity
component that create DPH in each activity stage are as
follows:
5.1.1 Pre-Construction Stage
5.1.1.1 Land Clearance
1) Land Tenure
Nagari Alam Pauh Duo where Muara Laboh PLTP development
activities are carried out was previously a tea plantation
which was managed by PT Pekonina Baru. The tea plantation
was used and utilized by the communities from various
regions in Solok Selatan District to be processed to become
paddy fields and fields/plantation. The land ownership is
the Right to Use (HGU, Hak Guna Usaha) of PT Pekonina Baru
which has been surrendered to the local government. Through
the Solok Selatan District government, this land is
transferred to SEML for Muara Laboh PLTP development plan.
During the land acqusition process for the purpose of
constructing the PLTP, well pads and supporting facilities,
compensation is provided to the communities who cultivated

406
the crops and fields in accordance with the laws and
regulations applicable in South Solok District. However,
there are members of the community who still claim that the
land is customary land of the communities around the
location of PLTP development. Based on the result of the
field survey, all of the lands cultivated by the
communities have been given compensation by SEML as
facilitated by the regional government through the head of
subdistrict, nagari and customary administration. Based on
the ownership and control of the land against the land
acquisition activity there are still some issues which
need to be resolved by the proponent and local government;
environmental quality during the land acquisition activity
can be categorized as poor (scale 2) with the nature of
impact categorized as more significant (scale 4).
2) Community Perception
The perception and attitude of the communities on the
activity site related to socio-cultural factors, in
particular cognitive structure of the physical and social
environment. Good and right perception is required as a
basis in forming the attitude which will lead to behavior.
The perception of the communities of Nagari Alam Pauh Duo
and Pauh Duo Nan Batigo on the PLTP development by SEML
against the land acquisition activity shows a positive
response, because all lands which have been used as the

407
location of geothermal development activities by SEML have
been compensated.
Based on the local social cultural system, Minang
communities have lands with communal land ownership system
which is often called customary land. The land ownership
for PLTP development location constitutes HGU land of a tea
plantation which is already owned by the government and has
not been maintained for a long time, and therefore the land
has been used for quite some time by the communities
originating from various areas in Solok Selatan; some even
claimed that the land is customary land. Based on the
perception and attitude of the communities against the land
acquisition activities, for environmental quality it can
be categorized as poor (scale 2) with impact categorized
as more significant (scale 4) .
5.1.2 Construction Stage
5.1.2.1 Recruitment of Workers
1) Employment Opportunity
Labor requirement during the construction of PLTP Muara
Laboh fluctuates from time to time, in terms of quantity as
well as quality (qualification) of expertise, in line with
the project development stages. The works in the
construction stage will be performed by contractors
according to their respective field and competencies,

408
including the workers who will carry out the works.
Therefore, PLTP Muara Laboh development activities will
absorb workers whether SEML direct workers or those
employed by the Contractors.
In overall, it is estimated that PLTP Muara Laboh
development could absorb 2,000 - 2,500 workers with various
fields and qualifiations and many of them are originating
from the location in the vicinity of the location of
activities. The absorption of workers will create impacts
of the expansion of employment opportunities in the study
area for one scale unit so that the environmental quality
improves from scale 2 to scale 3 (medium).
In terms of the significance of the impact, there are many
residents affected by the PLTP construction activities;
impact dispersion is extensive; impact duration is about 2
– 3 years; other environmental components affected are few,
the impact is cumulative or has multiplier effect and the
impact will be reversible when the employment of the
workers is terminated. Therefore it can be concluded that
the impact of employment opportunity is under the category
of moderate (scale 3) with the impact significance under
the category of more significant (scale 4)
2) Business Opportunity

409
The plan for labor recruitment activities at the
construction stage will open new business opportunities or
grow the existing businesses for the communities who live
around the project site. Business opportunities could be in
the form of trading business and restaurants to meet the
need of the workers. The magnitude of business opportunity
impact is one scale unit or environmental quality will
increase from very poor (scale 1) to poor (scale 2).
There are many people that may be affected; the impact will
be dispersed and the impact duration is moderate; many
other environmental components are affected; the
cumulative nature of the impact is low and the impact will
be reversed. Therefore, the level of impact significance
is classified as significant or scale 3. Therefore it can
be concluded that this activity will be able to change the
environmental quality to poor (scale 2) and the impact
significance is classified as significant (scale3).
3) Community Income
The level of community income is categorized as low; in the
baseline it is expected that it will experience an
increase during the construction stage of Muara Laboh PLTP
development project. The source of increased income of the
communities is originating from labor recruitment
activities at the construction stage, whether by SEML as
the Proponent or implementing contractor, of 2.000 to

410
2.500 persons with various qualifications in accordance
with the construction activity stage. The amount of
increased income is estimated as 1 (one) scale unit
therefore the quality of community income increases from
scale 2 (poor) to scale 3 (moderate).
In terms of significance of impact, there are many
residents affected and the impact will disperse, the impact
duration is moderate, namely during the construction stage.
There are many other environmental components affected,
for example the reduced pressure on the forest area due to
the residents’ economic activity, the increased social
status of some of the residents, etc. The impact will be
accumulated through multiplier effects and will be
reversed. Therefore the impact significance is under the
category of extremely significant (scale 5). Thus the
labor recruitment activity during the construction period
may change the environmental quality to moderate (scale 3)
and the impact significance is under the category of
extremely significant (scale 5).
4) Social norms and values
The labor recruitment activity at the construction stage of
PLTP development is originating from various areas outside
Solok Selatan and even West Sumatra Province. The
recruited labor that has special capability and expertise

411
generally are from outside PLTP development area that
brings different values and customs. While the labor that
do not have mining expertise are from local residents who
have known each other and understand the local social
cultural condition. The labor recruitment from communities
outside PLTP development area certainly bring their own
cultural values which are understood by the communities
because they are also people originating from the east,
thus it facilitates the process of adaptation with the
surrounding environment, this is because the difference of
cultural values and social norms can be said universally
the same as they also come from the territory of Indonesia.
Based on the labor recruitment, the change of community
values and social norms for environmental quality could be
categorized as moderate (scale 3) with the signficance of
impact classified as moderate (scale 3) .
Labor recruitment at the PLTP development construction
stage creates various perception and attitude of the
communities. The perception and attitude of the
communities of the labor recruitment may create various
interpretations of the community on an activity. In this
study activity, it is seen that the response, attitude and
views of the community on labor recruitment tends to be
negative. This condition has resulted in various

412
demonstrations related to labor recruitment. It is learned
that many local workers such as from Muara Labuh, Hulu
Suliti, Pakan Rabaa and other areas have been hired through
recommendations from certain parties. Workers from the
communities in PLTP activiity site such as Jorong Pekonina,
Sapan Sari, Kampung Baru, Pinang Awan, Taratak Tinggi, Liki
dan Jorong Ampalu are rarely hired and difficult to be
hired. In addition, some community groups feel that labor
recruitment process is not transparent and does not
practice good selection process.
This impact becomes significant due to the perception and
attitude of the communities of labor recruitment during
construction stage. During the performance of the
activities, if things that they receive, understand, think,
feel and desire are not according to what they perceive at
the early stage of PLTP development, the tendency is that
there will be a change of perception to a negative one
which if not managed will spread to various layers of
society. In such situation, the impact which is initially
good will change to moderate (scale 3) up to poor (scale
2).
Thus the termination of employment during the construction
results in the change of community perception to become
poor (scale 2) and the impact significance is classifed as
significant (scale 3) .

413
5.1.2.2 Termination of employment
1) Work opportunity
The termination of employment activity is conducted because
the construction stage has been completed and it will
reduce the environmental quality from scale 3 to scale 2
(poor). In terms of impact significance, the number of
residents affected are many and extensively dispersed and
for a long period, but the other environmental components
affected are not many, not accumulated and irreversible.
Thus the impact significance is under the category of
significant (scale 3). Therefore the termination of
employment during construction may change the environmental
quality to poor (scale 2) and the impact significance is
classified as significant (scale 3).
2) Business Opportunity
The termination of employment activity at the construction
phase will result int reduced environmenetal quality form
scale 2 to scale 1. In terms of the significance of impact
the number of people affected is high, the impact will
spread and last for a long time, the other environmental
components affected are high. The impact is neither
accummulated nor reversed, therefore the level of impact
significance is under the category very significant or
scale 4. Thus the termination of employment of operational

414
workers may change environmental quality to very poor
(scale 1) and impact significance is classified more
3) Community Income
At tne end of the construction stage, the quality of
community income is expected to decline as the contractors
will terminate the workers’ employment. Thus, the scale of
quality due to community income will again change from
moderate (scale 3) to poor (scale 2).
It is estimated that the residents affected by the declined
income of the community is high and it is spreading.
However, the impact will not last long because the works
will be continued with the PLTP operation stage. The other
environmental components affected includes physical and
social components. This impact will be worse if the period
of interval between construction stage and operation stage
lasts longer than normal. The impact of income reduction
is cummulative and irreversible if it is not followed by
an appropriate environmental management. Thus the impact
significance scale for reduced income due to the completion
of construction is under the category of ‘very significant’
(scale 5). Thus the termination of employment at the
operation stage may change environmental quality to poor

415
(scale 2) and impact significance is classifed as
‘extremely significant’ (scale 5).
4) Social values and norms
The lay-off or termination of employment at the
construction stage of Muara Laboh PLTP development
activities in Nagari Alam Pauh Duo has not affected the
values and norms of the local communities. This condition
is due to the social interaction between the local
communities and geothermal workers is relatively less
intensive and could be said rare, because the workers are
living far from the community’s residential area and only
local workers who interact with the workers outside the
study area. It could be said that the termination of
employment process along with the change of communities’
change of values and norms has not affected the
community’s social order. From the above description the
termination of employment can be said have less influence
on the change of social values and norms of the communities
it can be said that it is not affected that much, and thus
the cultural values and norms could be maintained,
environmental quality is under the category of ‘good’
(scale 4) with the impact being significant (scale 3).

416
The termination of employment activity due to the
completion of construction stage will reduce environmental
quality from scale 3 to scale 2 (poor). In terms of the
level of impact significance, the residents affected are
high and spreading extensively and for a long time, but the
other environmental components affected are not many, not
accumulated and irreversible. Therefore the level of
impact significance is under the catetogory of
‘significant’ (scale 3). Thus the activity of termination
of employment during construction against the change of
community perception is poor (scale 3) and the impact
significance is classified as significant (scale 3).
5.1.2.3 Production Well Drilliing Activities
The planned activities plan and the components that creates
significant impact in the construction stage are among
others drilling and well production test activities. During
this 1st stage, in order to meet the initial production
target of 70 MW using dual flash steam cycle technology, it
is necessary to have an additional drilling of three (3)
production wells at Wellpad ML-A and it shall be added with
an additional drilling of a number of production and
injection wells.
During the geothermal drilling process activity it is
estimated that the following impacts will occur:

417
 Noise coming from the engine, rotational transmission
and rotational motion of drilling equipment.. The noise
propagating could only be heard in the wellpad working
area and its vicinity; thus the impact of noise during
the drilling is classified as ‘less significant’.
 Formation water with high TDS (Total Dissolved Solid)
which flows together with the mud and is contained in
the mud pit, further it is flows to the sediment pond.
This drilling waste water is further delivered to the
separator station and together with the brine is
returned again to the injection well. Therefore the
drilling waste water creates less significant impact on
the environment.
 Drilling mud that has been used repeatedly and no longer
meet technical specification should be disposed of as
used drilling mud. Similarly with drilling waste water,
the used drilling mud is mixed with the brine
proportionally, then it is injected to the earth through
the injection well. The drilling mud may also be
utilized as construction material mixture or in the
landfill at the work location. Therefore the used
drilling mud will create less significant impact on the
environment.

418
 One of potential hazards which is quite high in
geothermal well drilling activity is H 2S gas, which,
even in a certain concentration, could cause death.
Therefore every Rig is equipped with 4 units of H2S
sensors installed at 4 different locations identified as
H2S gas dispersion area. The H2S sensor could detect H2S
gas with the content above 200 mg/Nm3 when the sense of
smell is no longer sensitive to detect the smell of H2S
gas. A warning alarm will be heard when in the Wellpad
area it is detected that there is H2S content of 20 ppm
or more.
5.1.2.4 Well production testing activities
Production tests for wells which are just drilled shall be
conducted after heat recovery is confirmed by thermal
gradient survey. The purpose of production tests is to
estimate the well production and to make well production
curve / deliverability. The wells will be opened at
different valve positions in order to obtain a stable well
production curve. This production curve functions as a base
line and change of production curve in the future should be
compared to this initial curve. During the production
test, the temperature pressure will be measured to
determine the feed zone depth location and to provide a
profile in the condition of open well/in production.
Production test process is carried out by channeling wet

419
steam through a Separator and separate dry steam flows to
the Rock Muffler or Atmospheric Flash Tank (AFT) as a
noise reducer.
Thus, the principle of well production testing is that wet
steam is separated in the Separator, then the dry steam
flows through a Rock Muffler or AFT then is released into
the atmosphere. Therefore during the process of production
testing H2S emissions will occur from the Rock Muffler.
Schematically, the flow diagram of the production test
process is presented in the following figure.
Wetbasah
Uap steam
SEPARATOR H2S Gas + CO2 + Vapor

Gas H2S + CO2 + uap air
KEPALA
WELLHEAD
SUMUR
Dry steam
Uap kering
Air asin panas RockMAFFLER

Muffler
(Brine)
ROCK
Condensate
Kondensat
THERMAL POND
INJECTION
SUMUR
REINJEKSI
WELL
RESERVOIR
Figure 0-1 Flow Chart of Well Production Test
1) Handling brine during production test

420
Brine formed shall be channeled to Weir box and then from
Weir box hot brine water is sent to the Thermal Pond, which
finally will be channeled again to the injection well.
Thus the geothermal field creates waste water in the form
of brine and it has become geothermal field standard (SOP)
that the brine should again be returned to the earth
(reservoir) through the injection wells. Therefore the
brine does not give any impact on the environment.
2) Prediction of emission and dispersion of H2S gas during
production test
During well production test, a significant impact may be
created when the steam is released to the atmosphere
through the Rock Muffler or AFT. Geothermal wet steam
having an NCG (Non Condensable Gas) content, is
particularly composed of H2S gas and CO2 which also flows
in the geothermal steam. During production test, wet steam
is released into the atmosphere through the Rock Muffler or
AFT. Therefore during the production test, in addition to
creating waste water in the form of brine, it could also
create H2S and CO2 gas emission which is mixed with water
steam. Thus the plan for exploitation well production test
activity creates an impact on the quality of air and will
create noise , H2S and CO2 gas emission The release of
vapor together with H2S gas and CO2 into the atmosphere

421
through Rock Muffler or AFT can be presented in the
following figure of Rock Muffler:
Figure 0-2 Release of Steam to the Atmosphere through Rock
Muffler
H2S gas emission and CO2 occurred as the gases are released
to the atmosphere from Rock Muffler or AFT at the time of
well production test is performed. H2S gas is toxic gas
which in the content higher than 400 mg/Nm3 with a certain
period of exposure may cause fatality.
a. Prediction of H2S gas emission at the time of
production test
Long term production test process on production wells will
last for ±30 days respectively. During the production
test, Rock Muffler or AFT will release steam and gas that
has NCG (Non Condensable Gas) content in the form of H2S
gas and CO2 to the atmosphere which will later be

422
dispersed in the ambient air so that it will create impact
on the environment.
ML-A1 is the most productive well which is able to produce
steam equal to 25 MW. Currently there is one (1) well in
Wellpad ML-A and it is planned to conduct drilling for
additional production wells. Thus from the wells in
Wellpad ML-A the steam that could be produced is as follows
 Existing well ML-A1 with HP steam production capacity of
25 MW. Two phase steam flow rate is 140 kg/s at the
temperature of 2350C with an enthalpy of around 1,500
kJ/kg.
 Additional 3 to 4 ML-Ax new wells with HP steam
production capacity equal to 30 MW. Two phase steam flow
rate is 93 kg/s at the pressure of well head of 10 bara
and enthalpy ranging between 1,200 - 2,000 kJ/kg.
On the other hand ML-H1 well head is classified as less
productive which produces a small amount of HP steam or
even LP steam. Therefore from Wellpad ML-H it could create
steam in the following amount:
 Existing well ML-H1 with LP steam production capacity
equal to 5 MW. The two-phase steam flow rate is 70 kg/s
with an enthalpy ranging between 970 - 1040 kJ/kg.

423
 Additional three (3) ML-Hx new wells with HP steam
production capacity equal to 10 MW. The two-phase steam
flow rate from each well is 118 kg/s at the pressure of
10 bara with an enthalpy ranging between 1,100 - 1,200
kJ/kg.
If the pressure of wellhead on the average is 10 bara and
the steam coming out from Rock Muffler is at the pressure
of 2 bara and the NCG content is ranging between 0.5 - 0.7
% of maximum weight, the H2S gas emission during the
production test is as follows:
Table 0-1 Percentage of Brine Formed from Wellpad ML-A and
ML-H
Rock
Parameter Unit Well Head
Muffler
Pressure bara 10 2
Steam Entropy
Btu/lb/oF 1,5720 1,7013
Water Entropy Btu/lb/oF 0,5122 0,3666
Brine
% 90,3
Brine
percentage
percen
tage formed during the production test with the assumption
that the condensation process takes place isentropically
(fixed entropy) is as follows:

424
Brine flow rate (%) = (0.5720 - 0.3666) x 100 /
(1.7013 - 0.3666) = 90.,3 %
Steam from Muara Laboh field has an average NCG content of
0,6% of weight and therein there is an average 118 mg/kg of
H2S gas,therefore H2S gas emission during the production
test is estimated as follows:
Table 0-2 H2S Gas Emission during Well Production Test
Production
Parameter Unit
Test
Steam flow rate kg/s 93
Brine formed % 90,3
Brine flow rate kg/s 84,0
Steam released to
kg/s 6,3
the atmosphere
NCG content in
% 0,6
steam
NCG flow rate kg/s 0,04
H2S content in NCG mg/kg 118
H2S flow rate mg/s 4,48
Specific volume Nm3/kg 0,1799
Steam flow rate Nm3/s 1,138
H2S gas emission mg/Nm3 3,9
Emission Standard mg/Nm3 35

425
H2S*)
*) Emission Standard for H2S: Regulation of the State
Minister of the Environment No.21 of 2008
In the condition where H2S is excessive it is estimated
that it could only achieve H2S emission gas of 12 mg/Nm3.
According to Regulation of the State Minister of the
Environment No. 21 of 2008, Appendix V – the Immovable
Source Standard for the PLTP that can be applied for the
production test is 35 mg/Nm3. Therefore, H2S gas dispersion
during the production test can be controlled under the

426
Emission Standard. In other words the impact on the ambient
air qualitty resulted from the production test is less
significant.
b. Prediction of H2S gas in ambient air during production
test
Gas emission coming out of Rock Muffler will be dispersed
in the atmosphere depending on the direction and speed of
wind at that time. The gas dispersion pattern and particles
in the atmoshephre can be determined based on a
mathematical algorithm, among others by options of using
box model, Gaussian model, Eulerian model, and Lagrangian
model. Here, the gas dispersion pattern from Rock Muffler
emissions uses Gauss formula. Based on Gauss formula gas
concentration and particles on the ground level could be
estimated by using the following mathematical model :
Where:
C = concentration of pollutant at ground level, µg/m3
Q = pollutant emission g/s
U = average wind speed, m/s
σy = deviation standard in the plume horizontal, m

427
σz = deviation standard in plume vertical, m
H = effective heightStack, m
x = Distance of dispersion from Stack in the same
direction
as x axis, m
y = Distance of dispersion perpendicular to centerline,
e = natural number = 2,71828
The Rock Muffler actually functions as noise control, but
at the same time it also functions as stack for gas
dispersion. Therefore the design of the height and diameter
of the Rock Muffler Stack is determined by natural draft
due to the difference of steam pressure and ambient
atmosphere pressure. However to calculate maximum gas
dispersion, the height of Rock Muffler Stack is the
physical height of the stack plus the height of imaginary
stack,
Hstack = Hfisik + ∆H
The height of physical stack (Hfisik) is the height of the
stack measured physically, while the height of imaginary
stack (∆H) is the additional height of plume as determined
by plume rise velocity. The height of this imaginary stack
may be determined by Davidson & Bryant formula as follows:

428
∆Ts
∆H = ( Vs )1.4 (1 + )
u T
Therefore the height of imaginer Stack is influenced by the
speed of gas coming out of stack (vs), wind speed (u),
temperature of gas coming out of stack (Ts) and ambient air
temperature (T). With the height of Rock Muffler Stack of
10 m and stack diameter of 2,7 m, then the height of
physical stack is relatively the same as the height of
imaginary stack.
Based on H2S gas emission exposed through the Rock Muffler
during a production test, the gas dispersion in the
atmosphere will follow the Gauss gas dispersion model. The
pattern of H2S gas dispersion in ambient air according to
Gauss formula is presented in the following chart:

429
3,0
ambien, μg/Nm3
BML
3
2,5
2 Sµg/Nm
2,0
KadarHH2S,
Maksimum
Content of ambient
1,5
1,0
0,5
Normal
0,0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110
Distance
Jarakofdispersi
H2S Dispersion from
H2 S dari Rock
Rock Muffler
muffler Stack,mm
stack,
Figure 0-3 Pattern of Ambient H2S Gas Dispersion During
Production Test
During production test, H2S gas dispersion in ambient air
is ranging between 1 - 3 µg/Nm3. According to Decision of
the State Minister of the Environment No.: Kep-50/
MENLH/11/1996 on Odor Level Standards, the Odor Level
Standard for H2S gas is 0.02 ppm or 28 µg/Nm3. Thus, during
the production test, the maximum H2S gas dispersion is 3
µg/Nm3 ;
therefore it does not create H2S. gas odor.
Pursuant to Regulation of the Minister of the Environment
No. 21 of 2008, H2S emission standard is 35 mg/Nm3, thus the
magnitude of the impact on air quality during well
production test is presented in the following impact
scales:

430
Impact magnitude scale (M):
H2S gas
Impact Magnitude (M) Scale Value
emission
H2S gas emission < 5 mg/Nm3 1 Trivial
during production test

5 – 15 mg/Nm3 2 Small
is 9,5 mg/Nm3,
15 – 25 mg/Nm3 3 Medium
therefore the
25 – 35 mg/Nm3 4 Large
magnitude of the
3
impact equals to scale > 35 mg/Nm 5 extremely
2 large
Further the determination of the significance of the impact
shall refer to the laws and regulations and seven (7)
significant impact criteria. The existence of residential
housing far from the wellpad location, therefore it
facilitates the implementation of production test, without
disturbing the comfort of the residents. The legal ground
utilized as a restricting factor is Decision of the State
Minister of the Environment No. 50 of 1996 on Odor Level
Standard which determines Odor Level Standards for H2S is
28 µg/Nm3 as the maximum (threshold). Further the minimum
threshhold determined as the minimum threshold is 0.0005
ppm or 1 µg/Nm3. Further, based on the restriction, the
significance of the impact is also declared under 5

431
significant impact, the result is as presented in the
following description:
Scales of the signifcance of the impact (I):
Significant impact Significant impact

No
criteria nature (I)
(1) Total number of people Operator drilling
affected
(2) Impact dispersion area Area well pad
(3) Duration of impact 10 days
(4) Intensity of impact Low
(5) Number of environmental None
components
(6) Impact cummulative Not affected
nature
(7) Reversible or Not affected
irreversible
The significance of Ambient

Scale Value
impact
H2S gas dispersion in < 1 µg/Nm3 1 not
the normal ambient air < significant
4 µg/Nm3 and maximum < 8

1 – 10 2 quite

432
The significance of Ambient

Scale Value
impact
µg/Nm3 far below Baku µg/Nm3 significant
Mutunya 28 µg/Nm3.
10 – 19 3 Significant
Dispersion within
µg/Nm3
working environment, so
19 – 28 4 More
that it is equal to the
µg/Nm3 significant
impace scale 2
> 28 µg/Nm3 5 Extremely
significant
In the planned well production test activities, H2S gas
impact is only dispersed within the project boundary i.e.
in the wellpad area and is not spreading to the residential
area. Therefore the dispersion of H2 gas impact is within
the working environment so that work environment threshold
value (NAB, Nilai Ambang Batas) is applicable. Thus, the
planned well production test activities create a small
impact (scale 2) and the impact is quite significant
(scale 2).
c. Prediction of CO2 gas emission load
NCG contains CO2 and H2S gas, hence in addition to creating
H2S, it also creates CO2 emission. CO2 gas does not directly
has an impact on the environment, but it has an impact on
the global climate. In other words, CO2 emission is not

433
an important environmental parameter, so that in this ANDAL
it is sufficient to consider the CO2 emission load and its
constribution nationally. However, due to the global
environmental issue regarding the global concern about
global warming due to the high greenhouse gas emission
(CO2, CH4, N2O and HFC) from the advanced industrial
countries, all countries should reduce CO2 emission load.
Based on the prediction from various national as well as
international sources, CO2 emissions in Indonesia are
ranging between 400 and 500 million tons of CO2 per annum.
Many agencies have conducted a review to predict CO2
emissions in Indonesia, however the one considered most
realistic is the result of the study carried out by New
Straits Times (1995), which is shown in the following
table.
Table 0-3 Projected CO2 emissions in Indonesia
CO2 emission in
Year million
ton/year
1988 111
1995 172
2000 220
2005 301

434
2010 382
2015 533
2020 684
During the production test, the NCG released to the
atmosphere is 2% from the wet steam flow rate and 90% of
which is CO2 gas. With the wet steam flow rate of 34
kg/second and the duration of the well production test is
30 days, the CO2 emission load which is released to the
atmosphere is as follows:
Wet steam flow rate : 34 kg/second
NCG content : 2 %
CO2 content in NCG : 90 %
Duration of production test : 30 days
Total number of production wells : 27 wells
CO2 emission equivalent to : 42,93 ton/year
National contribution : 0 % (trace)
CO2 emission during the production tests of 27 production
wells will contribute to the national CO2 emission load
of 0% (trace) due to the trivial CO2 emission load. The
result of research on primary tropical rain forest shows
that primary forest could absorb CO2 as much as 18.35
ton/ha/year. Thus = CO2 emission of 42,93 ton/year may be
absorbed by primary forest of 77,4 hectares. Yet the area

435
of protection forest in Solok Selatan District is more or
less 84,079 hectares, which is more than sufficient to
absorb such emission and dispersion of CO2 gas.
d. Prediction of noise during production test.
During the well production test, a high level of noise may
occur, which could reach level of noise of 124 - 134 dB(A)
due to the steam blow off. In order to reduce the noise
during the production test, the noise is controlled in the
Rock Muffler or AFT. In the Rock Muffler or AFT, pressure
and temperatureof the vapor which are hiigh will be
suddenly reduced (flashing); thus the noise will be
controlled and part of the steam will change into liquid
phase. The level of noise could be controlled about 85 -
100 dB(A). The noise propagation from the Rock Muffler or
AFT in the half-open field could be declared with the
following equation:
Lr = Lo - 20log r - 8
Where:
Lr = Level of noise in the distance of r meter from the
source of noise, dB(A)
Lo = Level of noise in the source of noise, dB(A)
r = distance form the source of noise, meter

436
Based on the said formula the noise propagation pattern
during the production test compared to at the time of
drilling is as follows:
125
Bising drilling & uji produksi, dB(A)
& production testing, dB(A)
115 BML
105
95
85 Uji produksi
75
Noise from drilling
65
55
45
35 Drilling
25
1 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
Distance
Jarak of noise
rambatan propagation,
bising m m
dari wellpad,
Figure 0-4 Pattern of Noise Propagation during Drilling
and Production Test
At the time of drilling, noise propagation achieves the
Noise Level Standard of 55 dB(A) in the distance of about
100 m from the drilling rig. However, on the contrary when
production test is carried out without Rock Muffler or AFT
the noise propagation can be heard in the distance 1 km
from the wellpad position. Therefore, the existence of Rock
Muffler or AFT as noise reduces becomes important in order
for the noise propagation could be reduced up to a maximum
of 250 m from the position of Rock Muffler or AFT. The
nearest residential area is located 2 km from the wellpad,

437
therefore the noise during drilling or during production
test do not have a significant impact on the residential
area.
Based on the prediction of impact of noise on the drilling
and production test activities, the magnitude and
significance of the impact is presented in the following
impact scale:
Scale of magnitude of impact (M):
The magnitude of impact refers to the noise limit is
considered safe for health and environmental comfort, in
accordance with the Circular of the Minister of Manpower
No.SE.01/MEN/1978, Regulation of the Minister of Health No.
718 of 1987 and Decision of the State Minister of the
Environment No. 48 of 1996. Based on the provisions the
magnitude of noise level which can be tolerated is 55 - 85
dB(A), to that end the scale of magnitude of impact can be
made as follows:
Magnitude of Impact (M) Interval Scale Value
During drilling, noise < 55 dB(A) 1 Trivial
at the level of 10 m 55 – 70 dB(A) 2 Small

from the source of
70 – 85 dB(A 3 Moderate
noise = 74 dB(A), while
85 – 100 dB(A 4 Large

438
Magnitude of Impact (M) Interval Scale Value
during production test > 100 dB(A) 5 Extremely
it could reach 98 Large
dB(A). Thus the scale
of magnitude of impact
of production test is
4.
Further the determination on the significance of the impact
shall refer to the laws and regulations and the seven (7)
criteria of significant impact. The significance of the
impact is also declared in 5 scales of significant impact
which refers to the provisions of ISO (International
Standardization Organization) and Decision of the State
Minister of the Environment No. 48 of 1996. According to
ISO, the threshold of normal hearing is < 25 dB(A), while
according to the Decision of the State Minister of the
Environment No. 48 of 1996 the comfort of residential area
is achieved if the level of noise is < 55 dB(A). Based on
the threshold, the interval of noise level is between 25
dB(A) up to the worst level 60 dB(A) as a significant
impact. The scale of significance of the impact of noise
is as presented below:
Scale of significance of impact (I):

439
Criteria of significant Significance of impact

No
impact (I)
(1) Total number of people Drilling Operator
affected
(2) Impact dispersion area Working environment 250
(3) Impact duration Initial noise condition,
3 months
(4) Impact intensity Low
components
(6) The nature of None
cummulative impact
(7) Reversible or None
irreversible
Significance of impact Interval Scale Value
Noise is only < 25 dB(A) 1 Not
impacting on drilling significant
operator s and no 25 – 40 2 Quite

residents are affected dB(A) significant
by the noise therefore
40 – 55 dB(A 3 Significant
the impact scale = 1
55 – 70 dB(A 4 More

440
Significance of impact Interval Scale Value
significant
> 70 dB(A) 5 Extremely
signficant
Without Rock Muffler or AFT noise propagation during
production test may reach 1.000 m, but with Rock Muffler
atau AFT as reducer, noise propagation only reaches a
radius of 250 m. In the radius of 250 m there is no
residential area, while the nearest residential area with
the wells is Wellpad C area i.e. Kampung Baru with a
distance of approximately 500 m. Thus within a radius of
250 m is a working environment and not a residential area,
therefore the noise in the residential area is the same as
the initial noise condition of the environment. Therefore,
the drilling and production test activity plan is predicted
to create quite significant impact on the environmental
comfort and health of the communities in Kampung Baru who
live within the radius of + 1.000 m from the Wellpad C
location. Based on the above description it can be stated
that the noise level impact is moderate (scale 3) and the
significance of the impact is classified as less
3) Public Health

441
During the operation stage, drillings of new wells and
construction of new wellpads will be conducted. Certainly
there will be an increased concentration of CO2 and H2S in
the air and liquid waste. The interview conducted
previously with the communities living close to the project
site, in particular the communities of Jorong Taratak
Tinggi, revealed that the communities felt disturbed by the
smell of sulphur around the residential area, this is even
more so during rainy season. However, at prsent the
communities in Taratak Tinggi no longer smell H2S. It is
predicted that the smell of sulphur gives more impact
during the exploitation activities in the production as
well as maintainance of production well.
A geothermal power plant is a type of power plant which is
environmentally friendly, because the waste produced from
the power generation process is only in the form of warm
water (+500C) which is mostly directly re-sent into the
soil to maintain the fluid supply that has been utilized.
By this method, the potential environmental pollution by
generation waste and its effects on the surrounding
environment is minor. The liquid waste from the drilling
remains in the mud pond and water pond will be re-sent to
the earth through injection wells if it is not used for
drilling activities. Grey water as domestic liquid waste
will be processed in a waste water treatment system in

442
order to meet the standard, while the black water waste
will be channeled to septic tank. Since the communities are
concerned with lacking source of clean water as a result of
drilling activity and deforestation by another party in the
river upstream area, it is predicted that the environmental
impact during the activity at the operation stage is
classified as ‘poor’ (scale 2)
The declining status of public health is the derivative
impact of the activity/project and it is negative. This
impact is due to the production, injection well drilling
activities and production well test and prodution well
maintenance at the post-construction stage (operation). As
a result of the declining status of public health it is
predicted that the total number of people affected is
relatively large, therefore it is categorized as
‘significiant’, and having quite extensive dispersion
impact and therefore it is classsified as ‘significant’.
The intensity and impact last long (significant). The
environmental components affected is not limited to public
health but will also affect the other environmental
components. However the impact is not cummulative and
recoverable (not significant). The impact is irreversible
so that the impact is not significant with the degree of
significance classified as ‘more significant’ (scale 4).

443
5.1.2.5 Land Clearing Activities
1. Erosion and Sedimentation
The project area that has a slope of 25 - 50% needs to be
protected in order to be able to give benefit as to protect
the area thereunder. There is some concern that the soil
works in the sloping area could form a slightly open area
which is potentially prone to erosion. Therefore the
impact is significant due to the erosion as a result of the
planned land opening activity in the area with a sharp
slope for the project site during construction.
Most of the activities have been carried out in the
exploration stage in accordance with UKL-UPL documents i.e.
the construction of access road to the steam field and some
of wellpad areas. While for the additional seven (7) and
the access road section to the additional wellpads there
is no activity at all.
Most of the project area is a dry agricultural area and the
remaining area is in the form of paddy fields and shrubs.
As such the dry agricultural area and shrubs with an area
of tens of hectares is an open area which is more prone to
erosion compared to the opening of project area with area
of tens of hectares in stages. The PLTP area is a dry
agricultural area, while wellpad area and the access road
section are mostly shrubs. The predictiion of the magnitude

444
of soil erosion rate in the land opening activity in the
activity site which is prone to erosion is presented in the
following table:
Table 0-4 Rates of Erosion and Sediment Charge
Erosion
Open Area Erosion Critical

Location
(ha) (ton/ha/year) Threshold
(ton/ha/year)
PLTP Area 7,5 27,8 9
Wellpad Area 4 21,6 9
Road section 3 20,1 9
Erosion critical threshold : Government Regulation No.150
of 2000
The PLTP development project area is considered prone to
erosion, even though the project land opening activity is
considered to be only slightly prone to erosion. Based on
the prediction of the impact of project site land opening
activity due to erosion, the magnitude and significance of
impact are presented in the following scales of impact:
The scale of magnitude of impact (M):
The magnitude of impact of erosion rate shall refer to
Government Regulation No.150 of 2000 regarding erosion
critical threshold. The project site with the depth of soil

445
of more than 150 cm, the erosion critical threshold is <9
ton/ha/year. Further based on the erosion critical
threshold the scale of the magnitude of erosion impact is
presented as follows:
Critical
Magnitude of
threshold Scale Value
impact (M)
(ton/ha/year)
Project site < 3 1 Trivial
erosion rate is 3 - 6 2 Small
ranging between 6 - 9 3 Moderate
20,1 - 27,8 12 – 15 4 Large
ton/ha/year, thus > 15 5 Extremely
the magnitude of large
impact is
classifed as
extremely large,
scale 5
Accoding to the provision, the magnitude of erosion is
considered moderate (quite large) if the erosion rate is >9
ton/hectare/year and is classifed as ‘extremely large’ if
the erosion rate is >15 ton/hectare/year.
Further, the determination on the significance of impact
shall refer to the laws and regulatins and seven (7)
significant impact criteria. The significance of the impact

446
is also described in 5 scales of significant impact which
refers to the provisions of Erosion Rate Classification
pursuant to the Decision of Directorate General of
Reboisation & Rehabilitation of the Ministry of Forestry
No. 041/Kpts/V/1998, as presented in the following table:
Table 0-5 Erosion Rate Classification
Erosion rate
No. Erosion class
(ton/ha/year
1 < 15 Normal
2 15 - 60 Slight erosion
3 60 - 180 Moderate
4 180 - 480 Severe
5 > 480 Extremely severe
Then based on the erosion rate classificatin, the
significance scale on the erosion impact is presented as
follows:
Scale on the significance of impact (I):

No
impact (I)
(1) Total number of people None
affected
(2) Impact dispersion area Well pad, ruas jalan dan

447

No
impact (I)
area PLTP
(3) Lamanya dampak During soil works
(5) Number of environmental Physics- chemical
components
(6) Nature of cumulative Non-cumulative
impact
(7) Reversible or irreversible
irreversible
Erosion rate
Significance of impact Scale Value
(ton/ha/year)
erosion rate of < 15 1 Insignificant
project site is 15 - 60 2 quite
ranging between 20,1 significant
and 27,8 ton/ha/year 60 - 180 3 Significant
is classified as minor 180 - 480 4 More
erosion, so that it is significant
classified as quite > 480 5 Extremely
significant, with significant
scale 2

448
The provisions of Government Regulation No.150 of 2000 are
considered strict, therefore the erosion rate of >15
ton/hectare/year is declared as having a quite significant
impact. The PLTP Muara Laboh Project only opens a
relatively narrow land so that the impact of the erosion is
not classified as significant but requires further
management. Moreover, the impact of land opening activity
against erosion and sedimentation is in the condition
extremely large (scale 5) and the significance of impact is
classified quite significant (scale 2).
2. Surface Water Quality
Water run-off rate may bring sediment to flow to the river
causing concerns that it would give further impact of the
declining physico-chemical and biological quality of the
river. If erosion occurs, there is concern that the
sediment charge is carried along by the water run-off and
goes to the river and causes concerns that it will make the
water turbid and affect the quality of river water
(physics-biology), and possibly sedimentation occurs at the
bottom of the river. The upstream part of the river passing
through the project area is relatively good and thus a
slight change to the water quality, for example due to the
turbidity of the river water, could create a significant
impact. Therefore in anticipation of erosion, along the

449
access road and water run off area of wellpad, a water
trench is constructed with the catch pond at its end, to
prevent turbidity of the river.
The forecast about the impact of soil works during
constrution on the quality of river water is presented
below:
a) Without management of erosion and sediment charge
Without good management of erosion, the sediment charge
that goes to the river may reach a maximum of 388 mg/L,
meaning it is far exceeding the standard of 50 mg/L. The
sediment charge may give rise to the significant impact on
the river water quality. The sediment charge load before
management is presented in the following table.
Table 0-6 Sediment charge Prior to Management
Run Sediment
Open Quality
Activity Erosion Off charge mg/L
Area Standard
Location (ton/ha/year) Rate
(ha) Minimum Maximum (mg/L)
(m3/s)
PLTP Plan 7,5 27,8 0,17 97 388 50
Wellpad
4 21,6 0,12 59 234 50
Area
Road
3 20,1 0,10 50 198 50
Section

450
b) With management of erosion and sediment charge
If erosion is not well managed, the sediment charge which
will enter the river will be far exceeding the standard,
i.e. varying between 50 - 388 mg/L. Therefore it is
necessary to manage the erosion in order that the sediment
charge entering the river is <50 mg/L. The greatest
sediment charge load is that originating from PLTP area,
but after it is managed there is remaining sediment charge
load of 78 mg/L. After the earthworks have been completed,
the sediment load will reduce to <50 mg/L. The prediction
of sediment charge after it is managed is presented in the
following table:
Table 0-7 Sediment Charge after Being Managed
Sediment Sediment
charge, mg/L charge, mg/L Impact

Activity Standard
Prior to After remains
Locatin (mg/L)
management management (mg/L)
Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum
PLTP
97 388 <50 78 28 50
Plan
Wellpad
59 234 <50 47 0 50
Area

451
Sediment Sediment
charge, mg/L charge, mg/L Impact

Activity Standard
Prior to After remains
Locatin (mg/L)
management management (mg/L)
Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum
Road
50 198 <50 40 0 50
section
Based on the prediction of impact of the project site land
opening activity on erosion, the surface water run off and
sediment charge load, the magnitude and significance of the
impacts are presented in the following impact scale:
Scale of magnitude of impact (M):
The magnitude of the impact of surface water run-off that
brings erosion sediment charge shall refer to the
provisions of Government Regulation No. 82 of 2001 on
Water Quality Management and Water Pollution Control,
class-I and class-II, for which the TSS Standard in the
river water is determined to be 50 mg/L. Further the
sediment charge load or mining waste water is allowed to be
up to 200 mg/L. In other words, the mining waste water is
allowed to enter the river with the TSS content of <200
mg/L. Therefore, the limiting factors of the scale of
magnitude of impact are:
 Minimum limit is < 50 mg/L

452
 Maximum limit is < 200 mg/L
The magnitude of impact of sediment charge load which
enters the river is made in the scale of magnitude of
impact, which is presented as follows:
Sediment
Magnitude of
charge Scale Value
Impact (M)
(mg/L)
After being < 50 1 Trivial
managed, the 50 - 200 2 Small

sediment charge
200 - 350 3 Moderate
enters the river
350 – 500 4 Large
at a maximum of
> 500 5 Extremely
78 mg/L, the
Large
magnitude of the
impact is
classified as
small, scale 2
Further when the sediment charge enters the river, it will
further impact the physico, chemical and biological quality
of the river. The most simple phenomenon is the dispersion
of TSS in the river when the waste water coming out from
the catch pond having the content of TSS > 50 mg/L is
immediately mixed with river water and within a second the

453
mixing process occurs throughout the cross-section of the
river.
This event may occur in the steady state condition, meaning
the flow rate as well as the concentration does no longer
depend on the time. This phenomenon may occur in the
downstream part of the river after the mixing zone with the
final concentration of TSS in the river is Co. The mixing
zone is a dispersion area of TSS impact which is estimated
as far as 50 m from the outfall position. Based on the
equation, the steady state condition is achieved at the
content of TSS = 4,8 mg/L while the initial condition of
TSS in Liki river is 4 mg/L. The river is relatively
shallow, so that the dispersion factor is quite large; thus
the TSS dispersion area is estimated to be only about 200 m
from the outlet position. However, due to the low TSS
condition, it is necessary to conduct erosion management
and sediment treatment in more strictly which will be
discussed further in details in RKL.
Further, the determination on the significance of the
impact shall refer to the laws and regulations and seven
(7) significant impact criteria. The significance of the
impact is described in 5 scales of significant impact which
refers to the TSS initial condition and the established
class 1 and class 2 water quality criteria i.e. 50 mg/L.

454
As the limiting factor it is established that :
- TSS condition = 4 mg/L as the minimum scale limit
- Standard = 50 mg/L as the maximum scale limit
Therefore the significance of the impact of the land
opening on the physico-chemical quality of river water can
be presented in the following scale of impact:
Scales of the significance of impact (I):
Significant impact The significance of

No
criteria impact (I)
affected
(2) Impact dispersion area Around 50 m of outfall
(3) Impact duration 4,8 mg/L during soil
works
(5) Number of environmental Physics-chemistry and
components biology
(6) Nature of cumulative of Non cumulative
impact
(7) Reversible or Reversible
Irreversible

455
TSS content Value

Significance of impact Scale
(mg/L)
Dispersion of TSS in < 4 1 Not
the river in the significant
steady state is 4,8 4 - 50 2 Quite

mg/L, thus the impact signfiicant
is classified as
50 - 95 3 Significant
quite signficant,
95 - 140 4 More
scale 2
significant
> 140 5 Extremely
significant
Without good management, the magnitude of the impact is
quite significant and it could reach scale 2, but the
significance of the impat remains in scale 2. The company
already has a policy to manage the project in order that it
does not create an impact (mitigated impact).
Further, the impact of the land opening activity on the
river water quality is classified as ‘low’ (scale 2) and
the significance of the impact is classified as ‘quite
significant’ (scale 2). While the declinining river water
quality as a result of production, injection well drilling,
production well testing and well maintenance is classified

456
as ‘small‘ (scale 2) and the significance of the impact is
classified as ‘quite significant’ (scale 2).
3. Water run-off rate
Earthworks to open the site for the acitivies, in addition
to create impact of erosion, it may also create impact of
water run-off rate. The Wellpad area which is respectively
having an area of +3 ha and PLTP area of +7,5 ha as well
as access road section in the area of +3 ha are too small
compared to the catchment area. However, no matter how
small the water run-off is, it may carry sediment charge to
the river which causes some concern that it may result in
turbidity of the river water and sedimentation at the
bottom of the river. The plan for the project site opening
activity is predicted to possibly cause the impact of an
increased water run-off which possibly could create a
further impact of the declining river water quality. The
magnitude of the impact could be calculated by comparing
the water run-off (Q) before and after the land opening
during earthworks.
The impact of earthworks during construction against water
run-off rate is predicted to be as follows.
Some of the rain water which falls to the land surface will
immediately enter the soil, which is called infiltration of
water, and some will not enter the soil and therefore flow

457
on the land surface to a lower place towards the river,
lake and ocean, and is called water run-off flow (run-
off). Some of the rain water that has entered the soil, in
particular on the soil which is almost or has been
saturated, will come out to the surface of the soil again,
then flow to a lower place and it is called run-off water.
The rain which falls earlier will meet the need of water
for evaporation, interception, infiltration and filling in
the new basin, and the run-off water will occur when the
rainfall has reached infiltratin rate into the soil. This
event may occur if the rain water has achieved a peak flow.
Run-off coefficient (C) of each block of river catchment
area shall depend on the slope class, type of soil and type
of vegetation/cover.
Based on the rational equation, the prediction on the
magnitude of water run-off rate that carries erosion
sediment charge in the project site is presented in the
following table:
Table 0-8 Surface Water Flow Rate
Open Impact on Flow

Location Run Off Rate
Area Rate

458
(ha) Initial
Open
Condition (m3/detik) %
3
(m /detik)
(m3/detik)
PLTP Area 7,5 0.1684 0.1725 0.0040 2.4
wellpad
4 0.1059 0.1187 0.0128 12.1
Area
Road
3 0.0882 0.0096 10.9
section
Based on the predicted impact of the project site land
opening activity on water run-off, the magnitude and
significance of the impact is presented in the following
scale of impact:
Scale of the magnitude of the impact (M):
The magnitude of water run-off impact can be determined by
comparing water run-off prior to and after earthworks,
which is described in the percentage of impact from 0 -
100%. Further, the interval is used to prepare a scale on
the magnitude of impact against water run-off, such as
presented below:
Magnitude of
% impact Scale Value
Impact (M)
The magnitude < 20 1 Trivial

459
of impact on 20 - 40 2 Small
the flow rate

40 - 60 3 Moderate
of 2,4 - 12,1 %
60 - 80 4 Large
so that the
> 80 5 Extremely
magnitude of
large
the impact is
trivial, scale
The magnitude of the impact is described in the increased
water run-off rate which is ranging between 2,4 and 12,1%
from the initial, physical condition. However, the flow
rate is capable to carry sediment charge into the river,
therefore the sediment charge needs to be controlled,
either by controlling erosion or run off.
Further the determination on the significance of the impact
shall refer to the laws and regulations and seven (7)
significant impact criteria. The significance of impact is
also described in 5 scales of significant impact which
refers to the provisions of general mining that describes
that water run-off which may also be called mining waste
water, could carry sediment charge <200 mg/L. Meanwhile,
according to the Government Regulation No. 82 of 2001 it
has been established that the TSS Standard in the river is
50 mg/L. Therefore as a limiting factor, the sediment

460
charge which may be carried by the water run-off is as
follows :
- Minimum limit is < 50 mg/L
- Maximum limit is <200 mg/L
Based on the limit, the scale of significance of impact of
land opening against water run-off can be presented in the
following scale of impact :
Scale of significance of impact (I):
Significant impact The significance of

No
criteria impact (I)
affected
(2) Impacat dispersion area Within project boundary
(3) Impact duration During soil works
(5) Number of environmental Physico-chemical
components
(6) Impact cumulative Cumulative
impact
(7) Reversible or Reversible
irreversible

461
Sediment
Significance of Impact charge Scale Value
(mg/L)
Without good < 50 1 Not
management, water run- significant
off is capable to 50 - 200 2 Quite

carry sediment charge significant
maximum 198 - 388
200 - 350 3 Significant
mg/L thus the impact
350 – 500 4 More
is in scale = 4
significant
> 500 5 Extremely
significant
Therefore the land opening activity creates significant
impact to the increased water run-off because the water
run-off is capable to carry sediment charge> 200 mg/L.
Further the land opening activity against the increased
water run-off may change the environmental condition to
extremely good (scale 1) and the significance impact is
classified more significant (scale 4).
4. Terrestrial Flora and Fauna
With the additional seven (7) new wellpads which are
planned in the Geothermal Development Activities for PLTP
Muara Laboh in Solok Selatan District, it is predicted that

462
it would impact the flora/vegetation in the project site.
The impact occurred in the flora is the loss of vegetation
and the change of structure and composition and the
declining diversity. The change of structure and
composition of vegetation as a result of the plan and/or
activitiy is predicted would happen at the construction
stage which includes land clearing, land preparation, the
existence of main buildings and its supporting facilities,
roads, base camp construction.
With regard to the plan for this Geothermal Development
Activities, it is predicted that the structure and
composition of the type of plants will change and even
removed so as to degrade the good environmental quality
(scale 4) to moderate, and the level of the significance of
the impact is classified as ‘significant’ (scale 3). The
loss of flora or vegetation is as a result of land opening
activity, which does not cover a too large area to build
facilities and infrastructures. Besides, it also affects
the life of the types of fauna existing in the activity
locatin. In this case, the vegetation in forming a
community may play a role as habitat, as provider of
animal feed and place to take a break and place for
protection from the attack of predator enemies.
The significance of impact of flora / vegetation is as
follows :

463
1. Total number of people affected (scale 3, significant).
Negative impact of flora / vegetation is predicted to be
directly felt by the communities in the vicinity due to
the loss of cultivated plants and paddy fields.
2. Impact Dispersion (scale 2, quite significant)
3. Impact duration (scale 3, significant)
4. Impact intensity (scale 2, quite significant)
5. Number of other environmental components affected
moderately (scale 3, significant)
6. The nature of cumulative impact (scale 3,signficant)
7. Reversibility or irreversibility of the impact
(reversible, scale 3, significant)
Based on the above description, the impact for the land
preparation may change the environmental condition to
‘moderate’ (scale 3) and the significance of the impact is
classified as ‘significant’ (scale 3). During this
activity, there is no occurence of/it does not create other
impacts or new impacts.
5. Aquatic Biota
The impact in the form of the abundance of plankton and
bentos which basically is the consequential impact of
degrading river water quality due to the increased
sedimentation content (TSS) and turbidity of water as a

464
result of erosion from land preparation activities in the
form of opening and clearing of land which will be used as
PLTP location and also its supporting facilities. The
higher the sediment charge (TSS) and water turbidity, the
more it will disturb the aquatic biota photosynthesis
activities (particularly Phytoplankton) which will finally
cause the declining abundance of plankton and bentos.
The significance of the impact on flora/vegetation is as
follows:
5. The total number of people affected. In respect of land
preparation activity against aquatic biota, there is no
direct impact to people. Therefore the impact is under
the category of insignificant negative impact.
6. Impact Dispersion. This activity is predicted to
utilize about 4 hectare land. Some lands no longer have
vegetation i.e. the existing wellpads. Therefore the
impact is under the category insignificant negative
impact.
7. Impact duration. The impact occurs during the
construction stage, therefore in terms of the impact
duration, it can be categorized as insignificant
negative impact.

465
8. Impact intensity. Since the impact on the people and the
area is under the category insignificant, the intensity
is therefore concluded as insignificant negative impact.
9. The number of other enviromental components. The impact
occured does not have derivative impact because the
intensity is small and the duration is brief. It is
therefore categorized as insignificant negative impact.
10. Nature of cumulative impact. The impact does not
happen continuously therefore it is not of cumulative in
nature, and thus categorized as insignificant negative
impact.
11. Reversible or irreversible. The change occurring in
aquatic biota habitat will be reversible after the
completion of construction stage. Therefore, based on
the capability of impact to be reversible, it is
classified as insigniciant negative impact.
From the scale of signficance of environment it is
categorized as less significant (scale 1). Therefore in
terms of environment, the environmental condition will
become poor (scale 2) and the significance of impact is
classified as less significant (scale 1) as a result of
this activity.

466
5.1.3 Operation Stage
5.1.3.1 Labor recruitment
1. Work Opportunities
In the operation stage, the labor recruited by SEML must
have competencies and/or certification according to its
field, and the number of workers to be employed is around
200 to 240 persons from various fields of expertise. The
labor recruitment activity will widen the employment
opportunity in the study area, so that it will be able to
improve the environmental quality to moderate (scale 3). In
this stage the impact duration is long, accummulated and
irreversible, the residents affected are significant, and
the impact will disperse extensively, so that the level of
significance of impact is under the category extremely
2. Business Opportunity
In the operation stage, the labor to be recruited is around
200 to 240 persons from various fields of expertise. They
are recruited to be permanent worker and therefore will
give impact to the increased quality of business
opportunity from scale 1 to scale 2.
At this stage the people affected is significant, the
impact will disperse and last very long, the other
environmental components affected are high, accumulated and

467
irreversible. therefore the level of significance of impact
is under the category extremely significant (scale 5).
3. Community Income
The condition of the declining community income level due
to the termination of employement of workers during
construction stage is predicted to experience an increase
again in the operation stage of Muaral Laboh PLTP
development project. The source of increased community
income is originating from the activity of labor
recruitment to operate PLTP. As mentioned in the
dissemination of activities in Hotel Ummi Kalsum Muara
Labuh, the operation workers of PLTP mostly will be
recruited in the study area.
Thus, the labor recruitment in this operation stage will
increase the community inocme from scale 2 (poor) to scale
3 (moderate).
In terms of significance of impact, the total number of
people affected and the dispersion of impact dampak akan
menyebar, the impact will last for a long time, i.e. during
the operation stage. The other environmental components
affected are high, for example the reduced pressure of
residents’ economical activities against forest area, the
increased social status of some of the residents etc. The
impact will be accumulated through multiplier effects and

468
irreversible. Therefore the level of significance of
impact is under the category of extremely significant
(scale 5).
4. Social Values and Norms
The labor recruited during the construction stage of
geothermal power plant is originated from an area outside
Solok Selatan and even outside West Sumatra Province. The
workers recruited have special competencies and expertise
and in general are originating from outside PLTP
development area which bring different values and customs.
While the workers who do not have mining expertise are
originating from local residents already know and
understand the local social cultural condition. Labor
recruitment from the communities outside geothermal
development area certainly bring their own cultural values
which could e understood by the communities because they
are also from the eastern part, it would facilitate the
adaptation process with its surroundings, since it can
almost be said that the difference of cultural values and
social norms universally is the same as they are also from
Indonesia. With respect to labor recruitment against the
change of values and social norms of communities for
environmental quality it could be categorized as moderate

469
(scale 3) while the significance of impact is significant
(scale 3).
5. Perception of the Communities
Labor recruitment in the PLTP development operation stage
in Nagari Alam Pauh Duo is predicted could create various
perceptions and attitude of the communities. The perception
and attitude of communities against labor recruitment for
the geothermal exploitation development in Nagari Alam Pauh
Duo and Nagari Pauh Duo Nan Batigo which belongs to Pauh
Duo District.
This impact becomes significant because the perception and
attitude of the communities against labor recruitment
during the operation stage. During the activities, if there
are things that they receive, understand, think of, feel
and desire are not in accordance with what were perceived
at the initial stage of PLTP development, the tendency is
that there will be a change of perception to negative,
which if not managed, will spread to various layers of
society. In this kind of situation, the impact which is
initially good may change to moderate (scale 3) to poor
(scale 2).
Based on the labor recruitment against the change of
perception of the communities for environmental quality, it

470
can be categorized as poor (scale 3) and the significance
of impact is significant (scale 3)
PLTP Operation Activities
The geothermal fluid in Muara Laboh is classified as wet
steam consisting of HP steam and LP steam, therefore what
would be suitable in the PLTP operation activity plan is
to use dual flash steam cycle technology. The PLTP
operation activity is predicted to creat impact to the
ambient air quality originating from H2S emission. The
higher the NCG emission, the more extensive the dispersion
of H2S gas, to include the areas around PLTP location. In
addition to NCG emission, PLTP operational equipment also
creates noise which rambatan bising cumulatively should be
considered in the preparation of BED (basic engineering
design). Duriing normal operation stage, the noise may only
propagate several tens of meters from the source of noise,
but during abnormal operation (turbine disturbance), the
noise propagation may reach a radius of 1 km. Further,
every year the Cooling tower needs to be cleaned up and the
muds collected from Cooling tower pond is mixed with
condensate water to be returned to the reservoir through
injection wells. Based on the choice of PLTP operation
technology, the impacts created by PLTP are as follows :

471
Table 0-9 Types of Impacts of PLTP Operations
No Source of Impacts The impacts created
1. Non Condensable Gas NCG separated in the Steam
(NCG) carried in HP Jet Ejector is released to
steam and LP steam the atmosphere through Fan
Cooling Tower and thus
creates H2S gas emission
2. Condensate water Returned to the earth
condensing at the through injection wells.
Condenser
3. Cooling Tower sludge Mixed with the condensate
with the content of and then returned to the
oxidized sulphur, in the earth through injection
amount of 1 - 2,5 m3 wells
per year
4. Noise from Steam Steam Turbine and
Turbine, Transformer, Transformer are placed in
Circulating Water Pump, the closed buildings to
Cooling Tower Fan isolate noise
5. High noise due to Reducing noise by
turbine disturbance so installing the noise
that the steam is reducing equipment called
released to the Rock Muffler
atmosphere through

472
No Source of Impacts The impacts created
release valve.
The PLTP operation activity plan creates impacts to the
physico-chemical environmental components, particularly to
air quality and noise. Based on the characteristics of the
PLTP operation, the magnitude of impact created by the PLTP
activity components may be predicted as follows : :
a) Prediction of emission and dispersion of H2S gas
Theoretically it is shown that the change of steam energy
to turbine mechanical energy is taking place in the same
entropy (proses isentropik). Turbine could only receive dry
steam feed, and then the temperature and steam pressure
reduced drastically after it is going out from the turbine,
and 2-phase fluid is formed. The fluid going out from the
turbine is two phase fluid which partly is in the form of
steam fraction so that technically it will be difficult to
return it to the earth. Therefore the 2 phase fluid first
of all should be condensated in the Condenser to become
saturated water so that it is easy to pump and flow it by
gravity to the injection wells. Condenser is operating at
vacuum pressure, because the change of specific volume of
steam into water in no time has created a vacuum pressure
in the Condenser. The next issue is that in the 2-phase

473
fluid there is NCG (Non condensable gas) or gas that is not
able to condense, especialy composed of H2S gas and CO2.
Therefore to release NCG from Condenser the NCG needs to be
sucked using vacuuming equipment called Steam Ejector, then
it is separated and released to the atmosphere through the
Cooling Tower stack. Surely the release of H2S gas
emission and CO2 to the atmosphere may create
environmental impact. Thus based on the description of
principle of thermodynamics, the utilization of geothermal
steam using Dual Flash Steam Cycle can be presented in the
following simple flow diagram:

474
Figure 0-5 Diagram of Simplified PLTP Flow Process
The pressure on the wellhead is estimated to be 10 bara and
HP steam separation operation is taking place at the
pressure of 9,1 bara and the reduced pressure of 1,3 until
HP steam up to PLTP is at the pressure of 8,7 bara. Further
to prevent the formation of silica crust, the operational
pressure of LP Separator should not exceed 4 bara.
Therefore LP steam up to PLTP is controlled at the pressure
of 3,8 bara.
SEML has determined to build the PLTP with the capacity of
70 MW using Dual Flash Steam Cycle technology. HP steam
from Wellpad ML-A is capable to produce 60 MW, then LP
steam flash is added by the additional supply of LP steam
from Wellpad ML-H may provide additional production of 10
MW, as such the total will become 70 MW. Thus HP steam and
LP steam enter the double flow turbine to move 2 2-poles
generator at 3000 rpm (50 Hz).
b) Prediction of H2S gas emission from Cooling Tower
H2S gas which has been separated is released into the
atmosphere through Cooling Tower stack so that H2S gas
emission is released. The preparation of ANDAL is made
after the project Feasibility Study is prepared, so that at
present there are no detail design as yet from the Cooling
Tower which will be used by PLTP. Since gas emission is

475
used as the basic calculation, then the rough calculation
of measurement of Cooling Tower is required. As a
reference for the calculation of Cooling Tower is by
understanding the Cooling Tower scheme as follows:
 Cooling Tower is used to chill the Condenser water,
either latent heat steam load as well as condensed water
sensible heat.
 NCG that has been separated and originating from Steam
Ejector is released into the atmosphere through the
Cooling Tower stack so that H2S gas emission is released
from the Cooling Tower stack.
 NCG is released evenly to all Cooling Tower Fans/Stacks,
so that the amount of H2S gas emission depends on the
number of Cooling tower Fans/Stacks.
 The air flow is adjusted with the requirement of L/G
ratio in order to obtain H2S emission and make optimum
water. Make water Cooling Tower depends on the flow rate
of circulated cooling water.
The assumption will be the basis for the rough calculation
of Cooling Tower which further will be the basis for the
prediction of H2S gas emission. Based on the schematic
description CO2 and H2S gas emission through the stack of
the Cooling Tower is as follows:

476
H2S + COH22+
S +HCO + H2O + Air
2O2+ Udara
Drift
Evaporation
NCG (H2SNCG (H22S) dari

+ CO + COSteam
2) from ejector
Steam Ejector
CerobongStack
Warm condensate
Air kondensat hangat water
Kipas hisap
Water Sprayers
Semprotan air
Aliran udara
Air flow
Additional
Tambahan air danwater
bahanand chemicals
kimia Air Water at ambient
pada suhu ambientemperature
Air asinBrine Ke Condenser
To Condenser
To reinjeksi
injection well Blow down Lumpur Mud
Ke sumur Ke sumur To injection well
reinjeksi
(Cleaning 1 tahunonce
(Cleaning sekali)
a year)
Figure 0-6 Simplified Process Flow Chart of PLTP
Then dispersion of NCG will depend very much on the number
of Cooling Tower fans, where in this project the number of
Cooling Tower fans is determined as 8 fans which will be
technically determined further during BED (Basic
Engineering Design) at a later date. For example, the
Cooling Tower scheme with 4 fans is presented in the
following picture.

477
15 m
Figure 0-7 Schematic Drawing of Cooling Tower with 4 Fans
The height of Cooling Tower Stack is estimated to be 15 m
as a reference for gas dispersion calculation. Further, to
be able to calculate H2S or CO2 emission, the Cooling Tower
design shall use an approach as described in the following
table:
Table 0-10 Data of Cooling Tower for Calculation of H2S
Emissions
Parameter Unit HP Steam LP Steam Condenser
Pressure bara 8,7 3,8 0,1
o
Temperature F 573,7 477,26 211,34
Steam enthalpy Btu/lb 1180,96 1204,46 1150,12
Water enthalphy Btu/lb 580,2 461,14 179,513
Steam entropy Btu/lboF 1,3606 1,4547 1,7577
Water entropy Btu/lboF 0,779228 0,66129 0,311165
inflow Steam kg/s 120 24,5 144,5

478
Parameter Unit HP Steam LP Steam Condenser
Condensate % 72,6 79,1
Condensate flow kg/s 87,1 19,4
rate
Steam outflow kg/s 32,9 5,1
∆H Steam kJ/h 121.419.661 18.918.781
∆H Air kJ/h 12.644.538
Condenser Load kJ/h 152.982.980
Circulated cooling water flow rate depends on the L/G
ratio, which later determines the amount of Cooling tower
make-up water. The L/G ratio is determined by the enthalpy
of the air and circulated cooling water temperature which
can be described in the following equation:
h2 - h1
Water and air ratio L/G = ----------------
Cp (T1 - T2)
The amount of L/G will determine the air flow rate into
the Cooling Tower, so that it would also affect the amount
of H2S gas emission. Based on the data of the Cooling
Tower and L/G, the amount of H2S gas emission from the
stack of the Cooling Tower can be estimated as follows:

479
L/G ratio Unit 1,6
Circulated cooling t/h 8.345
water
Steam flow rate kg/s 144,5
NCG % 0,6
NCG flow kg/s 0,867
H2S mg/kg 118
H2S flow mg/s 102,306
Total air flow Nm3/h 2.950
Correlation between Cooling Tower water make-up and H2S gas
emission is presented in the following figure:

480
BML
H2S gas emission, mg/Nm2

35 mg/Nm3
Figure 0-8 Correlation between Water Make-up and H2S Gas
Emission
Thus the minimum make-up water is 110 m3/hour in order to
have gas emission which does not exceed its Standard. This
flow rate of make up water will affect the flow rate of
the circulated cooling water and L/G ratio. According to
Regulation of Minister for Environmental Affairs (Permen
LH) No. 21 of 2008, Appendix V – Immovable Source Standard
for PLTP is 35 mg/Nm3. Thus in order to meet the Standard
for the H2S gas emission, the minimum make-up water 100
t/h. The Cooling tower operation is estimated as follows:

481
L/G ratio – 1,6
Circulated cooling m3/h 8.345
water
Make-up water m3/h 101
H2S gas emission of 34,7 mg/Nm3 is considered to be safe
for the environment, though make-up water may reach 101
t/h. Thus the total project water requirement is estimated
to be 130 m3/hour.
c) Predictiom of gas H2S gas dispersion in the atmosphere
H2S and CO2 gas which has been separated from the steam is
released from the Steam Ejector into the atmosphere through
the respective Cooling Tower stack. The Cooling Tower
consists of 8 fans and H2S gas emission is distributed to
all fans of the Cooling Tower. Further, the H2S gas
emission coming out of the Cooling Tower stack will be
dispersed in the atmosphere depending on the direction and
speed of the wind at that time. The pattern of gas and
particle dispersion in the atmosphere can be determined
based on a mathematical algorithm, among others by using
the options of Box Model, Gaussian Model, Eulerian Model
and Lagrangian Model. Here, the dispersion pattern of Stack

482
particles and emission is using Gauss formula. Based on
the Gauss formula, gas and particle concentration at the
ground level can be estimated by using the following
mathematical model:
Where
C = concentration of pollutant at ground level, g/m3
Q = pollutant emission, g/s
U = average wind speed, m/s
σy = deviation standard in plume horizontal, m
σz = deviation standard in plume vertical, m
H = effective stack height, m
x = Distance of dispersion from Stack in the direction
of x axis, m
y = Distance of dispersion perpendicular to centerline,
e = natural number = 2,71828
The design height and Stack diameter will be determined by
a mechanical draft IDF and the desired limit of the gas
dispesion area. Therefore, to calculate maximum gas

483
dispersion, the stack height is the physical stack height
plus stack imaginer height
Hstack = Hfisik + ∆H
Physical stack height (Hfisik) is the height of the stack
measured physically, while the height of, imaginary stack
(∆H) is the additional height of plume as determined by
plume rise velocity. The height of this imaginary stack
may be determined by the following Davidson & Bryant
equation:
∆Ts
∆H = ( Vs )1.4 (1 + )
u T
Thus the imaginary stack height is affected by the plume
rise velocity from the stack (vs), wind speed (u),
temperature of gas coming out of the stack (Ts) and ambient
air temperature (T). With the stack height of 15 m and
stack diameter of 8 m, the average wind speed at the
project location is 2,1 m/second and the wind direction
dominant to the North-West direction, thus the H2S gas
dispersion in ambient air can be estimated.
Gas dispersion in ambient air is of cumulative in nature,
both dispersion originating from one Coolinng Tower and the
others. With the impact of gas and particle dispersion, the

484
ambient air quality (KUA) will experience the following
change:
Ambient air quality = Baseline Condition + Gas dispersion impact
The change of ambient air quality will also change the
environmental carrying capacity. The change of the
environmental carrying capacity is the difference between
the Environmental Standard and the estimated environmental
quality; therefore, the impact on the reative
environmental carrying capacity (DLR) in percentage (%) can
be described by the following equation:
DT ─ DR
DLR = x 100%
DR
Where:
DT = environmental carrying capacity after project =
ambient
air quality – standard
DR = initial environmental carrying capacity = baseline
ambient air qualtiy – Standard
Then the absolute environmental carrying capacity (DLA) in
percentage (%) can be described with the following
formulation: KUA 1
Standard

485
DLA = x 100%
The absolute environmental carrying capacity may be used by
the Regional Government as a reference in spatial design in
relation to the designated purpose of the land for each
type of activity which potentially creates impact on the
air quality. The gas dispersion pattern in ambient air
originating from Cooling tower stack emission is estimated
as follows:
50
Kadar H2S ambien, μg/Nm33
Ambient H2S Content, µg/Nm
HBML
2S Odor
bauLevel
H2S
Standard
40
30
20
Max
10
Min
0
0 Area of 100
Area 200 300 400 500
Dampak
Impact
Jarak dispersi
Distance H2S dari Cooling
of H2S Dispersion Tower,
from Cooling m
Tower, m
Figure 0-9 Dispersion Pattern of H2S Gas from Cooling
Tower
The detailed Cooling Tower design will be determined during
the BED (Basic Engineering Design) stage. The H2S gas

486
dispersion in ambient air is less than 100 m from Cooling
tower stack or is still in the factory buffer zone area.
Therefore the odor of H2S gas does not spread to the
nearest residential area located within the radius of 1000
m from the PLTP area. The characteristics of H2S gas
exposure in ambient air is as follows:
Table 0-11 Characteristics of H2S Gas [and its impacts] on
Human’s Health
H2S gas
Unit Impact to Health
content
15.000 µg/Nm3 Iritation in the eyes and
throat
70.000 µg/Nm3 Smart eyes up to blurred
vision
225.000 µg/Nm3 Collapse and unconscious
400.000 µg/Nm3 Breathless or difficulty in
breathing
800.000 µg/Nm3 Die within 30 minutes
1.400.000 µg/Nm3 Die instantly
At the content of over 225,000 µg/Nm 3 the smell of
H2S gas canno longer be detected by the smell,
however it may have a fatal impact. The maximum

487
content of H 2S gas from the PLTP in ambient air
shall be 43 µg/Nm 3 which only causes repugnant smell
like rotten eggs within a radius of less than 100
m, hence it will only caus e inconvenience to the
work environment of the employee, but it will not
affect the health of the people. The position of
the Cooling Tower in the plant layout of PLTP is
presented in the following figure s:
Cooling
Tower
Figure V-10 Position of Cooling Tower and Plant
Layout of PLTP
Pursuant to Regulation of the Minister of
Environment No. 21 of 2008, the quality standard of
H 2 S emissions is 35 mg/Nm 3 , hence the scale of the
impact of the current well production testing
activities on air quality may be presented in the
scale of impact as follow:

488
Scale of Impact (M):
H 2 S gas
Scale of Impact (M) Scale Score
Emission
Emission of H 2 S gas > 35 mg/Nm 3 1 Very Bad
during production 25 – 35 2 Bad
test is 9.5 mg/Nm 3 , mg/Nm 3
hence the scale 15 – 25 3 Medium
impact shall be mg/Nm 3
equal to scale 4 5 – 15 4 Good
mg/Nm 3
< 5 mg/Nm 3 5 Very
Good
Further, the determination of the significan ce of
the impact shall refer to the legislation and 7
(seven) criteria of significant impacts. The
residential area is located far away from the
location of the wellpad, hence it facilitates the
performance of the production test, without
disturbing the com fort of the people. The laws and
regulations used as the limiting factor is Decision
of the Minister of Environment No. 50 of 1996 on
Odor Standard in which the quality standards of H 2 S
odor is set at 28 mg/Nm 3 as the maximum limit. The
minimum threshold i s set as the minimum limit, that

489
is 0.0005 ppm or 1 mg/Nm 3 . Further, based on these
limits, the significance of the impact is also
expressed in 5 scale s of significant impacts, the
result is as described below:
Magnitude of significance of impact (I):
Significant Impact Signficance of Impacts

No
Criteria (I)
(1) Number of people Drilling Operator
affected
(2) Area of impact Well Pad Area
distribution
(3) Duration of impact Baseline, for 10 days
components
(6) Impact cumulative No impact
nature
(7) Reversibility or No impact
irreversibility
Significance of
Ambient Scale Score
Impact
H 2 S gas < 1 µg/Nm 3 1 Insignificant
dispersion in 1– 10 2 Quite

490
Significance of
Ambient Scale Score
Impact
the ambient air µg/Nm 3 Significant
is normally <4 10– 19 3 Significant
g/Nm 3 and at µg/Nm 3
maximum < 8 19– 28 4 More
g/Nm 3 well below µg/Nm 3 significant
the Quality > 28 µg/Nm 3 5 Very
Standard of 28 significant
g / Nm 3 . The gas
is dispersed in
the work
environment
only, so that
the impact is
equivalent to
scale 2
In the planned well production test activities, the
impact of H2S gas is only dispersed within the
project boundary namely in the wellpad area and
does not extend to people’s settlements. Hence
distribution of the impact of H 2 S gas is within the
work environment which renders the applicable NAB
(Threshold Value) of the work environment. Thus the

491
planned well production test has no significant
impact on the quality of ambient air in the wellpad
and the surrounding area s. Thus, this activity may
change the environment al quality to become good
(scale 4) and the significance of impact is
categorized as quite significant (scale 2).
d) Estimated emission load of CO 2 gas
NCG has CO 2 and H 2 S contents, so that in addition to
causing H 2 S emissions, it also cause s CO 2 emissions.
CO 2 gas does not have a direct impact on the
environment, but it has impact on the global
climate. In other words, CO 2 emissions is not a
significant environmental parameter, hence this
ANDAL (Environmental Impact Analysis) shall only
consider the CO 2 emissions load and its contribution
in the national level. However, due to the concerns
of the world on global war ming issues as the result
of the high greenhouse gas emissions (CO 2 , CH 4 , N 2 O
and HFC) from developed countries, all countries
are required to reduce the the CO 2 emission load.
Based on estimates from various national and
international sources, CO 2 emissions in Indonesia
range between 400 and 500 million tonnes per year.
Many agencies have conducted studies to estimate

492
the CO 2 emissions in Indonesia, but the most
realistic one is the result of a study by the New
Straits Times (1995), which is shown in the
following table.
Tabel V-122 Projected CO 2 Emission in Indonesia
CO 2 Emission in
Year million
tons/year
1988 111
1995 172
2000 220
2005 301
2010 382
2015 533
2020 684
During the production test, the NCG released into
the atmosphere is 2% of the total wet steam flow
rate and 90% of which is in the form of CO 2 gas.
With wet steam flow rate of 34 kg/s and duration
well production test is 10 days, the CO 2 emissions
load released into the atmosphere is equal to the
following:
Wet steam flow rate 34 kg/second

493
NCG Content 2%
CO 2 Content in NCG 90%
Duration of production test 10 days
Number of production well 27 wells
CO 2 emission equivalent 14,3 tonnes/year
National contribution 0 % (trace)
Thus the CO 2 emissions during the production test of
the 27 production wells contribute to national CO 2
emission load of 0% (trace) due to the small load
of CO 2 emissions. The result of the study of primary
tropical rain forest s shows that primary forests
can absorb CO 2 of 18.35 tonnes/ha/year. Thus the CO 2
emissions of 14.3 tonnes/year can be absorbed by
primary forest in the area of 25.8 hectares.
Moreover, the protected forest area in South Solok
is approximately 84,079 hectar es, which is more
than enough to absorb the emissions and the CO 2 gas
dispersion.
e) Estimated Noise during PLTP Operation
Literally noise can be interpreted as an auditory
sensation that can be sensed by the human ear,
while physically sound is a pressure gradient
emitted by the source of the sound. The sound

494
propagates through a medium in which the particles
in the air vibrate and cause changes in air
pressure, and therefore the intensity is expressed
as sound pressure. A -weighted sound pressure level
that is equivalent and continuous (L e q ) is used to
measure the noise level which constitutes
measurement of sound energy and i s expressed in of
decibels (dB). The noise level is a measure of
sound energy that is equivalent and continuous (L e q )
and which is expressed in units of dB (A).
Frequency of sound that can be heard by human ear
is limited, which ranges between 20 Hertz and
20,000 Hertz. This frequency region is called
audiosonic. The human ear is most sensitive at a
frequency of about 3,000 Hertz, which means that at
this frequency, the sound pressure is very weak
though it can still be heard by the human ear. The
limit of the intensity of the sound at a frequency
of 1000 Hertz is 10 - 1 6 Watt/cm 2 and the highest sound
intensity limit before causing pain to the ear is
10 1 4 times the limit of the weakest intensity of 10 - 2
Watt/cm 2 . Thus the noise measurements can be used as
a tool to determine the impact of noise on humans.
Noise monitoring is done by measuring the noise

495
level dB (A) which is aimed to determine the impact
of noise on human health and environmental comfort.
The relationship between the noise level and the
distance from the simple sound source can be basic
formula to predict the propagation of noise from a
source of noise to the environment. Propagation of
noise from PLTP’s equipment can be expressed by the
formula:
L r = L o – 20 Log r - 8 Half open field
Where:
Lr = Level of noise at the distance of r meter
from the sound’s source, dB(A)
Lo = Level of noise at the source of noise, dB(A)
r = distance from source of noise, meter
PLTP (geothermal power plant) equipment having the
potential to cause noise among others, are as
listed in the following table:
Tabel V-13 Propagation of Noise from Equipment of
Geothermal Power Plant ( PLTP)
Level of Equipment
Source of Noise
Noise Location

496
dB(A) Indoor Outdoor
Steam turbine - 105 √
Generator
Condenser unit 102 √
Generator step up 101 √
transformer
Cooling tower fan 114 √
Circulating water 82 √
pump
The steam turbine and generator are located in the
building so it can minimize the noise outside the
building. While Transformer and Cooling towers are
located outside the building so the noise are
directly exposed to the environment. Therefore, the
noise heard from the PLTP are the noises from the
Generator step -up transformers and coo ling tower
fans, which means that the rotation of the many
fans causes the noise. While the rotation of steam
turbine-generator generate s lower noise since it is
muffled in the building. Thus, equipment of PLPT
having potential to be sources of noise is the
steam turbine and Cooling tower. Noise propagation
from each of the primary equipment may be presented
in the following figure:

497
120
BML
Bising peralatan PLTP, dB(A)

110 55 dB(A)
100
Turbine
90
80
70 Cooling tower
60
50
40
1 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
Distrance of Noise Propagation

Jarak rambatan from PLTP,
bising dari PLTP, m m
Figure V-11 Pattern of Propagation of Noise from
PLTP Equipment
PLTP noise can be heard from a distance of 500
meters from the location of PLTP, which has less
significant impact on residential areas which is
located 1000 meters from the location of PLTP.
Emergency situation tak es place when turbine
interruption occurs, causing sudden and automatic
excess pressure throughout the vapor released into
the atmosphere through the release valve. Expansion
of the steam pressure on the release valve
generates very nois y squeak which may be heard at a
distance of 1 km. Therefore, when there is a sudden
pressure due to turbine interruption, the steam
escaping from the relief valve flows into the Rock
Muffler in order to reduce noise. Installation of

498
the Rock Muffler can reduce noise so that it can
only be heard in a radius of less than 300 m from
the noise source.
Scale of Magnitude of the Impact (M):
The magnitude of impact refers to the limit of
noise that is considered safe for the health and
comfort of the environment, in accordance with
Circular of the Minister of Manpower No.SE.01
SE/MEN/1978, Regulation of the Minister of Health
No. 718 of 1987 and Decision of the Minister of
Environment No. 48 of 1996. Based on these
provisions, the tolerable noise level is 55 -85 dB
(A), and based on the foregoing , scale of magnitude
of impact can be made as follows:
Magnitude of Impact
Interval Scale Score
(M)
During the drilling, < 55 dB(A) 1 Very
noise at the little
distance of 10 m 55 – 70 2 Little
from the source of dB(A)
noise = 74 dB (A), 70 – 85 dB(A 3 Medium
whereas during 85 – 100 4 High
production test, dB(A
noise can reach 98 > 100 dB(A) 5 Very High

499
Magnitude of Impact
(M)
dB (A). So the scale
of magnitude of
impact on the
production test is
4.
Furthermore, the determination of the significance
of impact refers to legislation and the 7 (seven)
criteria of significant impacts. The nature of the
importance of the impact is also expressed in 5
scales of significant impacts which refer to the
provisions of ISO (International Standardization
Organization) and Decision of the Minister of
Environment No. 48, 1996. Pursuant to the ISO, the
normal hearing threshold is <25 dB (A), while
according to Decision of the Minister of
Environment No. 48 1996 the co mfort of settlement
will not be disturbed if the noise level is <55 dB
(A). Based on these limits, the intervals between
the noise level is 25 dB (A) to the worst limit of
60 dB (A) which is determined as significant
impact. Scale of the properties of sign ificance of
impact of loud noise can be described as follows:

500
Scale of Significane of Impact (I):
Criteria of Properties of Impact

No
Significant Impact Significance (I)
(1) Number of people Drilling Operator
affected
(2) Area of impact Work environment of
distribution 250 m
(3) Duration of impact Noise baseline, 3
months
(5) Number of None
environmental
components
(6) Cumulation of impact None
(7) Reversibility or None
irreversibility
Significane of Interval
Scale Score
Impact
Noise only affect < 25 1 Not
the drilling dB(A) Significant
operator, and no 25 – 40 2 Quite
people are dB(A) Significant
affected by such 40 – 55 3 Significant

501
Scale Score
Impact
noise, thus the dB(A
scale of impact 55 – 70 4 More
is = 2 dB(A significant
> 70 5 Very
dB(A) significant
Without Rock Muffler noise propagation during
production test can reach ± 1000 m, but with Rock
Muffler propagation of noise only reaches ± 250 m
radius. At a radius of 250 m there is no
settlement, while the nearest settlement to the
wells at Wellpad C is Kampung Baru which is located
approximately ± 500 m from the Wellpad. Thus, the
radius of ± 250 m only covers the work environment
and not the settlement, so the noise at the
settlement is equivalent to the baseline of the
noise. Therefore, the planned drilling and
production test is expected to cause a quite
significant impact on the comfort and health of
people living in Kampung Baru at a radius of ±
1,000 m from the location of Wellpad C.
The impact of drilling and production test in
changing the noise level becomes higher (scale 4)

502
and the impact is categorized as ‘quite
significant’ (scale 2).
f) Quality of Surface Water
Hot water and brine injection activity has the
potential to increase the pH value of the surface
water in the vicinity of the drilling, which means
the water becomes more alkaline (pH> 7). Results of
a laboratory analysis showed that the current value
of the pH of river water still meets class II water
quality standards (Government Regulation No. 82 of
2001) which ranges from 6.05 to 8.2.
With the runoff and infiltration of hot water and
brine, then the pH value of river water is expected
to be higher. This increase is due to the addition
of new more alkaline materials which are
originating from the runoff and infiltration.
However, the increase in the pH value is not
expected to exceed the threshold of water quality
standards, namely 9.
Determination of sig nificant impact based on the
significant impact criteria is described as
follows:
12. The number of people affected. The impact of
operations of the PLTP on the pH value do es not

503
directly affect humans. Therefore, the impact
is categorized as insignificant neg ative
impact.
13. Area of impact distribution. Hot water and
brine injection will be done in production and
injection wells so that the affected area is
very small. Therefore, the impact is
categorized as insignificant negative impact.
14. The duration of the imp act. The impact does not
occur continuously but rather accidentally
namely if there is a leak in the settling pond
at the injection activity. Therefore, the
impact is categorized as an insignificant
negative impacts.
15. The intensity of the impact. An increas e in the
pH value of the water of the river at the site
of injection wells is not expected to be high
so that it can be categorized as insignificant
negative impact.
16. The number of affected environmental
components. An increase in the pH value will
not cause derivative impact due to its low
intensity, so that it can be categorized as a
insignificant negative impact.
17. The cumulative nature of the impact. The impact

504
does not occur continuously, hence it is not
cumulative. Therefore, the impact may be
categorize d as an insignificant negative
impact.
18. Reversibility or irreversibility of the impact.
An increase in the pH value in water bodies
will recover naturally so that it can be
categorized as an insignificant negative
impact.
Based on the above description, it can be noted
that the quality of the environment is on a scale 3
(moderate) to poor (scale 4), with the impact
categorized from ‘quite significant ’ (scale 3) to
‘significant ’ (scale 4).
g) Aquatic Biota
Drilling activities will cause derivatives impact
such as decrease in water quality to increase the
sediment content (TSS) and turbidity of the water,
it will disrupt the photosynthetic activity of
aquatic biota (especially phytoplankton) that will
ultimately lead to decreased abundance of plankton
and benthos. It is predicted to decrease the
environmental quality from scale 3 (medium) to 2
(poor).

505
Determination of significant impact based on
criteria of significant impact is described as
follows:
land clearing activities on aquatic biota will
not have an immediate impact on humans.
Therefore, the impact is categorized as non -
significant negative impact.
20. Area of impact distribution. Some plots of land
which will be used for well sites no longer
have any vegetation namely existing wellpads .
Therefore, the impact is categorized as
21. The duration of impact. The impact will last
during the construction stage, therefore, in
terms of duration of the impact, it can be
22. The intensity of the impact. Since the people
and area affected is not considered as
significant, the intensity will be concluded as
be insignificant negative impact.
23. The number of other environmental components
affected. The impact that occurs does not have
derivative impact due to its low intensity and
short duration. Hence it may be categorized as

506
24. The cumulative nature of the impact. Th e impact
does not occur on continuously, hence it not
cumulative, and it may be categorized as
Changes in aquatic habitat will be restored
after the construction stage ends. The refore,
based on the reversibility of the impact, the
negative impact is categorized as non
significant.
Based on the scale of significan ce, the environment
is categorized as (scale 1) less significant. Based
on the above descriptions, the quality of the
environment will be changed to poor (scale 2) and
the significance of impact is categorized as less
h) Community Perception
The impact of changes in the public perception is a
derivative effect of the noise level at the time of
production well testing activities at this
operation stage. In the situations, the impact
which was originally good turn into medium (scale
3) to poor (scale 2).

507
Determination of significant impact based on
criteria of significant impact is described as
follows
26. Number of people affected. The impact of
drilling and production test has potential to
cause direct impact to people. Therefore, the
impact is categorized as significant negative
impact.
27. Area of impact distribution. This activity is
expected to affect only the area around the
activity location. Therefore, the impact is
28. The duration of the impact. This activity lasts
for less than one month, therefore, in terms of
its duration, the impact can be categorized as
29. Intensity of the impact. Since the people and
the area affected is considered as
insignificant impact, the intensity is
concluded as a non significant negative impact.
30. Number of other environmental components
affected. The impa ct that occurs does not have
derivative impact due to its low intensity and
short duration. It may be categorized as an

508
31. Cumulative nature of the impact. The impact
does not occur continuously so it is not
cumulative, it is ca tegorized as an
Changes in aquatic habitat will be restored
after the construction stage ends. Therefore,
based on the reversibility of the impact, the
negative impact is catego rized as
insignificant.
Based on the impact of re cruitment of labor to the
change in community perception for the quality of
the environment, the impact can be categorized as
poor (scale 3) with insignificant impact (scale 1).
i) Public Health
During the operation stage there will likely be
drilling of new wells and construction of new
wellpads. It is intended as an anticipation to the
decline in the quality of the existing production
wells and injection wells. There will certainly be
an increase in the conce ntration of CO 2 and H 2 S in
the air and wastewater. A geothermal power plant is
an environmentally friendly power plant, since the
waste was generated from the generation process

509
which is only in the form of warm water (+/ - 50 0 C)
and the steam as well as small amount of CO 2 and
H 2 S. Since waste water from wells mostly flows
directly back into the ground to maintain the
supply of fluid that has been used, the potential
contamination of the environment by waste
generation has a very small effect on the
environment. Waste water from the drilling which is
contained in the mud pond and water pond will also
be injected back into the bowels of the earth
through injection wells when it is not used for
drilling. Gray water as domestic liquid waste will
be treated in the waste water treatment system in
order to meet quality standards, while the the
domestic liquid waste in the form of black water
will be discharged into septic tanks. However,
interviews with the people in the area adjacent to
the project site especially people of Jorong
Taratak Tinggi, show that the people was once
bothered by the smell of sulphur around their
residences, in which the smell become s even
stronger during the rain. The smell of sulphur is
predicted to generate an impact during well testing
and the production wells maintenance activities.
Hence, it may be predicted that environmental

510
impact of activities in the operation stage has the
environmental quality scale of ‘poor’ (scale 2).
The lowering health status of the people is the
impact derived from the activities/projects and it
is of negative nature. This impact comes from the
production and injection well drilling, and
production well testing and maintenance of
production wells in the post-construction stage
(operational). Due to the lowering health status of
the people, it is estimated that the number of
people affected is relatively large hence the
impact is significant, the distribution of impact
covers quite a wide area which causes the intensity
of the impact to become significant and the impact
will have long duration ( significant).
Environmental components affected are not limited
to public health, instead it will affect other
environmental components. The nature of the impac t
is not cumulative and reversible ( insignificant).
The impact is irreversible, so that the impact is
insignificant and the degree of the significan ce is
categorized as more significant (scale 4)

511
5.1.3.3 Commisisioning
Commissioning which is done first to turbine
operation will result in higher noise levels. This
activity will include test equipment operation,
functional test, protection and interlock tests,
and so on. All competent authorities will be
involved during the test.
Scale of magnitude of the i mpact (M):
The magnitude of impact refers to limit of noise
that is considered safe for the health and comfort
of the environment, in accordance with Circular of
the Minister of Manpower No.SE.01 SE / MEN / 1978,
Regulation of the Minister of Health No. 718 of
1987 and Decision of the Minister of Environment
No. 48 of 1996. Based on these provisions, the
amount of tolerable noise level is 55 -85 dB (A),
and based on the foregoing , the scale of magnitude
of impact can be made as follows:
Magnitude of Impact
(M)
At the distance of < 55 dB(A) 1 Very
10 m from the little

512
Magnitude of Impact
(M)
sources of noise, 55 – 70 2 Little
the level of noise dB(A)
of PLTP equipment 70 – 85 dB(A 3 Medium
ranges between 80-91 85 – 100 4 High
dB (A), hence the dB(A
scale of magnitude > 100 dB(A) 5 Very High
is categorized as
high or equal to 4.
of the impact refers to the legislation and the 7
(seven) criteria of significant impacts. The nature
of the significance of the impact is also expressed
in 5 scale of significant impacts which refer to
the provisions of ISO (International
Standardization Organization) and Decision of the
Minister of the Environment No. 48 of 1996.
Pursuant to the ISO, the normal hearing threshold
is <25 dB (A), while according to Decision of the
Minister of Environment No. 48 1996 the comfort of
settlement will not be disturbed if the noise level
is <55 dB (A). Based on these limits, the intervals
between the noise level is 25 dB (A) to the worst

513
limit of 60 dB (A) which is determined as
significant impact. Scale of the properties of
significance of the impact of noise can be
described as follows:
Scale of Significance of Impact (I):

No
(1) Number of people PLTP Operators
affected
(2) Area of impact 500-1,000 m From PLTP
distribution
(3) Duration of impact Noise baseline, during
the lifetime of the
project
(5) Number of None
environmental
components
irreversibility
Significan ce of Interval
Scale Score
Impact

514
Significan ce of Interval
Scale Score
Impact
During normal < 25 1 Not
operation, noise dB(A) Significant
can be heard from 25 – 40 2 Quite
500 m away, and dB(A) Significant
the closest 40 – 55 3 Significant
residential area dB(A
is more than 1 km 55 – 70 4 More
away, thus the dB(A significant
scale of impact > 70 5 Very
is = 2 dB(A) significant
Thus, Geothermal Power Plant (PLTP) operation does
not create noise to nearby residential areas and
only affect the PLTP operator s. Therefore the
planned operation of PLTP are not expected to crate
a significant impact on the comfort and health of
people living around the location of PLTP. Since
this activity may change the noise level to quite
high (scale 4), the the impact is considered as
‘quite significant ’ (scale 2).
5.1.3.4 Operation of Turbine and Condensor
a) Noise

515
Literally, noise can be interpreted as an auditory
sensation that can be sensed by the human ear,
while physically sound is a pressure gradient
emitted by the source of the sound. The sound
propagates through a medium in which the particles
in the air vibrate and ca use changes in air
pressure, and therefore the intensity is expressed
as sound pressure. A -weighted sound pressure level
that is equivalent and continuous (L e q ) is used to
measure the noise level and constitutes measurement
of sound energy and is expressed in a scale of
decibels (dB). The noise level is a measure of
sound energy that is equivalent and continuous (L e q )
and which is expressed in dB (A).
Frequency of sound that can be heard by human ear
is limited, it ranges between 20 Hertz to 20,000
Hertz. This frequency region is called audiosonic.
The human ear is most sensitive at a frequency of
about 3,000 Hertz, which means that at this
frequency, the sound pressure is very weak though
can still be heard by the human ear. The limit of
the intensity of the sound at a frequency of 1000
Hertz is 10 - 1 6 Watt/cm 2 and the highest sound
intensity limit before causing pain to the ear is
10 1 4 times the limit of the weakest intensity of 10 - 2

516
Watt/cm2. Thus the noise measurements can be used
as a tool to determine t he impact of noise on
humans. Noise monitoring is done by measuring the
noise level dB (A) which is aimed to determine the
impact of noise on human health and environmental
comfort.
In addition to NCG emissions, operation of PLTP
equipment may also cause n oise in which its
cumulation should be considered in the preparation
of BED (basic engineering design) of PLTP
equipment. The relationship between the noise level
and the distance from a simple sound source may
serve as basic formula to predict the propaga tion
of noise from the source of noise to the
environment. Many PLTP equipment are sources of
noise, but among the PLPT equipment, the equipment
which has the highest potential to cause noise
impacts are shown in the following table:
Tabel V-14 Propagation of Noise of PLTP Equipment
Level of Equipment
Source of Noise Noise Location
Steam turbine - 105 √
Generator

517
Level of Equipment
Source of Noise Noise Location
Condenser Unit 102 √
Cooling Tower Fan 114 √
Circulating Water 82 √
Pump
The steam turbine and generator are located in the
building so it can reduce noise outside the
building. While the Transformer and Cooling Tower
are located outside the building so the noise are
directly exposed to the environment. Therefore, the
noise heard from the PLTP are noises from the
Generator step -up transformers and Cooling Tower
Fans, it means that the rotation of the many fan
causes the noise. Meanwhile, the rotation of the
Steam Turbine -Generator generate s lower noise since
it is muffled in the building. Thus, equip ment of
PLPT having potential to be sources of noise is
steam turbine, Circulating Water Pump and Cooling
Tower. Noise propagation from each of the primary
equipment may be presented in the following figure:
PLTP noise can be heard from a distance of 500 m
from its location, so in terms of the noise, the

518
nearest distance of residential area to the
location PLTP is 500 m. In other words, the radius
of 500 m serves as buffer zone for the noise of
geothermal power plant (PLTP). Based on the
predicted impacts of PLTP operations in terms of
noise, the magnitude and the significance of
impacts may be presented in the scale of impact s as
follows:
Scale of magnitude of the impact (M):
The magnitude of impact refers to the limit of
noise that is considered safe fo r the health and
comfort of the environment, in accordance with
Circular of the Minister of Manpower No.SE.01 / MEN
/ 1978, Regulation of the Minister of Health No.
718 of 1987 and Decision of the Minister of
Environment No. 48 of 1996. Based on these
provisions, the amount of tolerable noise level is
55-85 dB (A), and based on the foregoing scale of
magnitude of impact can be made as follows:
Magnitude of Impact
(M)
At the distance of < 55 dB(A) 1 Very
10 m from the little
sources of noise, 55 – 70 2 Little

519
Magnitude of Impact
(M)
the level of noise dB(A)
of PLTP equipment 70 – 85 dB(A 3 Medium
ranges between 80-91 85 – 100 4 High
dB (A), hence the dB(A
scale of magnitude > 100 dB(A) 5 Very High
is categorized as
high or equal to 4.
of the impacts refers to legislation and the 6
(six) criteria of significant impacts. The nature
of the significance of the impact s is also
expressed in 5 scales of significant impacts which
refer to the provisions of ISO (International
Standardization Organization) and Decision of the
Minister of Environment No. 48 of 1996. Pursuant to
ISO, the normal hearing threshold is <25 dB (A),
while according to Decision of the Minister of
Environment No. 48 of 1996 the noise level should
be <55 dB (A). Based on these limits, the intervals
between the noise level of 25 dB (A) and the worst
limit of 55 dB (A) which is determined as
significant impact. Scale s of the significance of

520
the impacts of noise can be described as follows:
Scale of Significane of Impact (I):

No
(1) Number of people PLTP Operator
affected
(2) Area of impact 500-1,000 m from PLTP
distribution
(3) Duration of impact Noise baseline, during
the life of the
project
(5) Number of None
environmental
components
irreversibility
Scale Score
Impact
During normal < 25 1 Not
operation, noise dB(A) Significant
can be heard from 25 – 40 2 Quite
500 m away, an d dB(A) Significant

521
Scale Score
Impact
the closest 40 – 55 3 Significant
residential area dB(A
is more than 1 km 55 – 70 4 More
away, thus the dB(A significant
scale of impact > 70 5 Very
is = 2 dB(A) significant
Thus, Geothoermal Power Plant (PLTP) operation does
not create noise to nearby residential areas and
only affect the PLTP operator s. Therefore the
planned operation of PLTP are not expected to pose
a significant impact on the comfort and health of
people living around the location of PLTP. Since
this activity may change the noise level to quite
high (scale 4), the significance of the impact is
considered as ‘quite significant ’ (scale 2).
b) Quality of Surface Water
Hot water and brine injection activity from the
turbine and condenser operation has the potential
to increase the pH value of the surface water in
the vicinity of the drilling, which means the water
becomes more alkaline (pH> 7 valves). Results of

522
laboratory analysis showed that the current value
of the pH of river water still meets Class II Water
Quality Standards (Government Regulation No. 82 of
2001) which ranges from 6.05 to 8.2.
With the runoff and infiltration of hot water and
brine, then the pH value of river water is expected
to be higher. This increase is due to the addition
of new more alkaline materials which are
originating from the runoff and infiltration.
However, the increase in th e pH value is not
expected to exceed the threshold of water quality
standards, namely 9.
Determination of significant impact based on the
significant impact criteria is described as
follows:
operations of PLTP on the pH value direct ly
creates impact on humans. Therefore, the impact
is categorized as an insignificant negative
impact.
34. The area of impact distribution. Hot water and
brine injection will be done in production and
injection wells so that the affected a rea is
very small. Therefore, the impact is

523
impact.
35. The duration of the impact. The impact does not
occur continuously but rather accidentally
namely if there is a leak in the settling pond
at the injection activit y. Therefore, the
effects are categorized as insignificant
negative impacts.
36. The intensity of the impact. An increase in the
pH value of the water of the river at the site
of injection wells is not expected to be high
so that it can be categorized as a
37. The number of affected environmental
components. An increase in the pH value will
not cause a derivative impact due to its low
intensity, so that it can be categorized as
insignifianct negative impacts.
38. The cumulative nature of the impact. The impact
does not occur continuously, hence it is not
cumulative. Therefore, the impact may be
impact.
An increase in the pH value in water bodies

524
will recover naturally so that it can be
impact.
Based on the above description, it can be noted
that the quality of the environment is on a scale 3
(moderate) to poor (scale 4), with the significance
of impact from quite significant (scale 3) to
5.1.4 Post Operation Stage
Post-operation action plan consists of reclamation
and mine closure activities that have been
regulated in detail in Regulation of the Minister
of Energy and Mineral Resources No . 18 of 2008 on
Reclamation and Mine Closure. This Regulation of
the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources
defines reclamation as activities aimed at
improving or managing the use of land disturbed as
a result of mining activities in order that it will
function and be of use according to its purpose.
The definition of Mine Closure is an activity which
aims to improve usability or to manage the land
disturbed as a result of the termination of mining
and/or treatment and purification activities to

525
meet the criteria in accordance with the Mine
Closure Plan document. The impact of the geothermal
field development activities with a capacity of 70
MW is the same with that of 250 MW. Thus the
estimated impact in the post -operation stage shall
refer to Environmental Impact Analysis of
development geothermal field of 250 MW capacity
based.
5.2 IMPACT EVALUATION
5.2.1 Physico-Chemical Components
Significant impact evaluation is intended to
examine the possibility of significant impacts on
physico-chemical environmental components. In this
ANDAL (Environmental Impact Analysis ), there are
(3) three physico-chemical components of the
environment that is affected the most, although not
all of them are categorized as significant impact,
namely:
 ambient air quality, the presence of H 2S gas
emissions and dispersion during drilling and well
production test and during the operation of PLTP
 noise, ie the noi se exposure of drilling
equipment, production test and equipment of
geothermal power plant, during normal operation

526
or in an emergency operation.
 Brines and condensates which are returned into
the reservoir through injection wells, this
project does not create impact on the quality of
river water and groundwater quality.
Planned activities that are likely to make
significant impacts on physico -chemical
environmental components in the construction stage
are as follows:
5.2.1.1 Study of Impact of Drilling and Well Production Test
Steam field is an area where the production of wet
steam (2 phases) are conducted before being sent to
the PLTP. Components of the activities being the
source of the impact and which is located in the
steam field area are:
 The production facilities which include drilling
equipment, wellhead, production wells,
separators, Rock Muffler, injection wells, pond
and the supporting facilities.
 Distribution pipeline facilities consisting of
wet steam pipes, dry steam pipes, brine pipeline
and other supporting pipes.
 Supporting facilities of geothermal field

527
(offsite facilities) including TPS (Temporary
Disposal Area) of solid waste, laydown areas,
offices and other facilities.
The geothermal field is the source of the impact,
starting from the drilling process until
exploitation well production test. The drilling
process can give rise to noise, but the noise
propagation is only localized in the vicinity of
the drilling rig, hence it has a relatively less
significant impact. During the drilling of the
well, the propagation of noise reaches Raw Noise
Level of 55 dB (A) at a distance of only about 100
m from the rig which is a working environment of
the drilling activities. In addition , during the
drilling process there may be also waste water
generated, namely drilling water. Drilling water is
water with high salinity, hence the TDS (Total
Dissolved Solid) is also high. Waste water is
discharged into the injection wells so that the
impact is not significant. In addition , the
drilling proce ss also results in drilling mud which
has high levels of Al oxides, Fe and ,Ca hence the
TSS (Total Suspended Solid) which is also in high
concentration, can result in turbidity and crust in
the pipeline. Waste water and drilling mud is mixed

528
with brine (s alt water from the Separator), and
then discharged into the bowels of the earth
through injection wells, so the impact is less
significant. The greatest risk encountered by
operators is if there is a leak of H 2 S gas during
the drilling process. Therefore in some places
which are exposed to H2S gas in the wellpad area,
H 2 S detectors are installed in order to detect the
presence or absence of H 2 S gas leak. The handling of
H2S gas leak will follow the standard operating
procedure for drilling that has been established by
SEML.
Following the completion of drilling, the process
of well production test will be performed. Well
production test may create noise of a high level,
but it can be reduced using Rock Muffler or AFT. If
the production test process takes place in the
absence of Rock Muffler or AFT, the propagation of
noise can be heard at a distance of 1 km from the
well pad location. Noise during well production
test has less significant impact on the comfort of
residential area. In the presence of Rock Muffler
or AFT as noise reduces, the propagation of noise
can be reduced so that it can only be heard within
the maximum distance of 250 m from the Rock Muffler

529
or AFT ;thus, it only affects the drilling
operator. The area around the wellpad is vacant
with no settlements , so the noise from the
production test with Rock Muffler or AFT as sound
proofing is considered as insignificant.
The next impact during the well production test is
the release of steam into the atmosphere which
yields NCG (Non Condensable G as), especially in the
form of H 2 S gas. At the time of production tests,
the release of steam from the Rock Muffler raises
the H 2 S gas emissions by 4 -12 mg / Nm 3 , well below
the Standard Quality of H 2S emissions of 35 mg /
Nm 3 . With such H2S gas emissions during production
test, H 2 S gas is odorless with a radius of over 100
m from the wellpad. Thereby well production test
activities have impact on drilling operator s only
and did not extend to residential areas, therefore,
the impact on the health of the environment and
environmental comfort is ‘less significant ’.
5.2.1.2 Study of Impact of PLTP Operation
A Geothermal Power Plant (PLTP) consists of main
processing (main process) facilities and supporting
facilities (utilities a nd offsite facilities). In

530
the PLTP area, the main processing facilities in
PLTP comprise the facilities for operational
activities such as follows:
 Steam receiving facilities that include s
receiving header, scrubber, demister and
supporting facilities
 Generation facility which includes steam turbine,
electric generator and transformer (transformer)
in the switchyard.
 Condensate handling facilit y which includes
condensers, steam ejector, cooling tower and its
supporting units
 Brine and condensate disposal f acility which
includes a pump and pipes to drain condensate and
brine into injection wells in the steamfield .
Furthermore Geothermal Power Plant (PLTP)
supporting facilities include water treatment
units, instrument air system, maintenance workshop
(workshop), fire and safety, warehouse, office,
clinic and other facilities.
SGS (Steam Gathering System) is capable of
producing 2 -phase HP Steam and LP steam so that the
selection of the appropriate technology for the
PLTP is dual flash steam cycle technology, both for
the operation of steam at low and high enthalpy.

531
During the operation , a geothermal power plant can
create noise and emissions of H2S and water
evaporation (evaporation loss) of the cooling
tower. Therefore, the impact that could become
significant is due to emissions and dispersion of
H 2 S gas from the Cooling Tower stacks . The cooling
tower design in detail will be determined at the
stage of BED (Basic Engineering Design). However,
based on the preliminatry engineering calculation
at the FS, it is indicated that H2S emissions
chimney cooling Tower is highly dependent on the
design of the L/G ratio, make -up water for cooling
tower and the desired H 2 S gas emissions during the
operation of PLTP.
If the make-up water for water cooling tower in the
quantity of 101 tons per hour (tph), the H 2S gas
emissions amounted to 34.7 g/Nm 3 , but if the make-
up water for the cooling tower is in the quantity
of 100 tph then H 2 S gas emission is 35 g/Nm 3 . The
Quality Standard for PLT P emissions of H 2 S gas is 35
g/Nm3, the make -up water cooling tower is a
minimum of 100 tph. Make -up water discharge may
affect the water requirements of the project where
the total water demand of the project would not be
more than 130 m 3 /h. Then if H 2 S gas emission is 32

532
g/Nm 3 , the smell of H 2 S gas will only be dispersed
within a radius of 100 m or one can smell H 2 S gas in
the PLPT area only.
Furthermore, the operation of geothermal power
plant may also generate noise from the geothermal
power plant equipment. In normal operation,
propagation of noise reach ing a Raw Noise Level of
55 dB (A) is heard at a distance of less than 300
meters from the source of noise, but at the time of
abnormal operation (turbine interference) the
propagation of noise can r each a radius of 1 km.
Therefore, it is necessary to install Rock Muffler
in order to reduce noise during abnormal operation,
so the noise can be reduced to reach 300 m only.
Therefore, the area of the noise buffer zone is set
300 m from the source of nois e or a maximum of 500
m. The buffer zone is a vacant land or agricultural
land, but not a residential area. Therefore, based
on the noise approach it is necessary to choose
PLTP location with a distance of at least 500 m
away from a residential area . Thus the
environmental components most significantly
affected are the ambient air and the noise.
The occurrence of erosion and the subsequent impact
of sedimentation is resulting from land preparation

533
and revegetation activities. When preparing the
land, land clearing would potentially cause erosion
and sedimentation and the impact is negative. While
the land revegetation will decrease erosion and
sedimentation, so the impact occurred is a positive
impact.
The level of erosion and sedimentation of river s
refers to the calculation on the conditions prior
to the construction activities of PLTP Muara Laboh
which is classified as good (scale 4) and with the
development activities for PLTP Muar Laboh, it
decreased to moderate (scale 3). It means there is
a decline in the quality of the environment by this
activity as much as 1 (one) scale unit. In
connection with the occurence of erosion and
sedimentation, management is needed to reduce the
rate of erosion and sedimentation in rivers.
Land clearing may increas e the rate of water
runoff, as the source of the impact as a result of
land preparation and revegetation activities.
During land preparation, land clearing has
potential impact on the rate of water runoff and it
is considered as negative impact, while the
revegetation of the land instead will decrease in
the rate of water runoff, and it is considered as

534
positive impact.
The rate of surface water runoff based on the
condition of vegetation prior to the construction
of Muara Laboh PLTP is classified as good (scale 4)
and in the presence of Geothermal Power Plant
development activities Muara Laboh is decreased to
moderate (scale 3). This means a decline in the
quality of the environment by this activity is as
much as 1 (one) scale unit. With this rate of water
runoff, management to reduce erosion and
sedimentation in the rivers will be required.
The lowering quality of river water (surface water)
due to increase in the content of some parameters
of river water may occur as a result of the
construction activities of Muara Laboh geothermal
power plant. Activity components as a source of
impact on river water quality degradation is
originating from land preparation, drilling and
operation of the turbine. While revegetation
activities on land that has been opened in stead
will improve the water quality of the river.
The quality of river water around the proposed site
of the construction of Muara Laboh PLTP, before any
activity is classified as good (scale 4) and in the
presence of development activities for Muara Laboh

535
geothermal power plant it is decreased to moderate
(scale 3). This means a decline in the quality of
the environment by this activity as much as 1 (one)
scale unit. To prevent deterioration of water
quality of the river which is located around the
proposed construction site of PLTP Muara Laboh, it
is necessary to manage water quality to keep it
within the quality standards in accordance with the
classification.
5.2.2 Biological Component
5.2.2.1 Flora-Fauna Diversity
The impact on terrestrial flora and fauna as an
environmental component is resulting from land
preparation activities at the time of construction
and land revegetation during post operation stage.
During the land preparation the environmental
quality of flora and fa una will deteriorate, but
after the re -vegetation it will be able to be
recovered. However, the recovery will not be the
same as the baseline condition or prior to the
activity. At the location of the previous
activities, the proponent has initiated the
revegetation of some places, particularly by
planting shade trees on the left and right side of

536
the main road.
Initially, the environmental condition of flora and
fauna is classified as good (scale 4) and during
Muara Laboh PLTP construction activities, it
decreases to moderate (scale 3). It means there is
a decline in the quality of the environment by this
activity of 1 (one) scale unit. Accordingly, it is
necessary to manage impacts to flora and fauna
during construction, operation and during the post -
operation stage.
5.2.2.2 Aquatic Biota Diversity
A decrease in the quality of river water (surface
water) may generate a consequential impact on the
diversity of aquatic biota of the river . As the
source of impact, , the decline of river water
comes from the same activity as the decrease in
water quality.
The land preparation, drilling and operation of the
turbine will cause a reduction in diversity of
aquatic biota of the river . While revegetation
activities on land that has been opened will rather
increase the diversity of aquatic biota of the
river.

537
Diversity of aquatic biota of the river around the
proposed construction site of PLTP Muara Laboh
before any activity is classif ied as good (scale 4)
and in the presence of Muara Laboh geothermal power
development activities it is decreased to moderate
(scale 3). This means the decline in the quality of
the environment by this activity is as much as 1
(one) scale unit. Due to the d ecline in -diversity
of aquatic biota of the rivers around the proposed
construction site of PLTP Muara Laboh, it is
necessary to manage river water quality to keep it
in good condition.
5.2.3 Socio-Economical and Cultural Components
5.2.3.1 Employment Opportunities
Employment opportunities from construction
activities of PLTP Muara Laboh will be created from
the recruitment and dismissal of labor for the
construction phase as well as recruitment and
dismissal of manpower for the operation phase. The
impact of the recruitment is positive and the
impact of the dismissal of labor is negative. As
the people in the community have been employed ,
upon their termination of employment , it is
expected that they are able to open another

538
business to improve their welfare.
Employment opportunity for the people is initially
classified as poor (scale 2) ; with the presence of
PLTP Muara Laboh Construction activities , it
improves the same to moderate (scale 3). It means
there is an improved quality of the environment by
this activity by 1 (one) scale unit. Accordingly,
the impact of employment opportunities needs to be
managed optimally.
5.2.3.2 Business Opportunity
The business opportunities are created during the
construction of Muara Laboh PLTP together with
employment opportunities from the recruitment and
dismissal of the labor for the construction phase
as well as recruitment and dismisal of labor for
the operation stage. The presence of the people and
other labor in the community being employed could
cause the com munities in the surrounding areas to
open business for the people’s daily needs. The
impact on the business opportunity is a positive
impact, but if this activity is no longer in
operation, it will cause a loss of business
opportunity, so that it will rev ert to a negative
impact.

539
Business opportunities for the communities in the
surrounding areas are initially very poor (scale
1); with the presence of Muara Laboh PLTP
construction activities it is increased to poor
(scale 2). It means there is an improved quality of
the environment by this activity as much as 1 (one)
scale unit. In connection with the business
opportunities the increase is very small,
therefore, it is necessary to manage the imp act of
the business opportunities in order to be more
optimum.
5.2.3.3 Community Income
The construction of Muara Laboh PLTP will lead to
an increase in community income as the result of
people being employed during the construction and
operation stage; in addition, there will be
creation of business opportunities for the
communities in the surrounding areas. The impact on
people's income tends to be a positive impact, but
if people do not work anymore or there are no more
business opportunities, it will s omewhat decrease
the income levels.
The income level of the people in the initial
condition is classified as poor (scale 2) ; with the

540
presence of PLTP Muara Laboh construction
activities it will improve to moderate (scale 3).
It means there is an improved quality of the
environment by this activity by 1 (one) scale unit.
Accordingly, it is necessary to manageme the impact
of employment opportunities which creates a
consequential impact on the community income level
5.2.3.4 Social Values and Norms
Changes in social norms and values within the
society due to Muara Laboh PLTP construction
activities are predicted as a result of the
recruitment activities of labor both during the
construction and operation stages. This impact is
likely to be a negative impa ct as potentially it
would change the social norms and values of local
communities because there are labor are not coming
from the local area.
The recruitment of labor does not interfere and
change the values and social norms of the local
community. This is because the workers recruited is
also from the local community and workers from
outside rarely interact with the community in the
surrounding areas because the location of PLTP

541
Development is far from the residential area.
Social values and norms of the local community is
initially classified as good (scale 4) and during
PLTP Muara Laboh construction activities it
increases to moderate (scale 3). It means there is
a decline in social norms and values of society
during this activity by 1 (one) scal e unit making
it a negative impact. In connection with the change
of social values and norms of the society, it is
necessary to manage these impacts in order to
minimize them.
5.2.3.5 Land Tenure
Changes in land tenure is an environmental
component that will occur during PLTP Muara Laboh
construction activities. It is due to acquisition
of the people’s land for the location of
activities. Due to the land acquisition, the amount
of people’s land that can be used both for
plantations and rice fields will be reduced.
Therefore the land will be acquired and certainly
compensation will be given in accordance with
applicable regulations.
Land tenure for additional production wells do not

542
interfere with the social norms and values of the
society, since the land af fected by the addition al
production wells are not located on indigenous
lands/cummunal land in the study area. The land
acquisition ha ving been carried out previously by
the proponent also did not disturb the system of
social values and norms.
Land tenure conditions were initially moderate
(scale 3) and in the presence of PLTP Muara Laboh
construction activities especially during land
acquisition, it decreases to poor (scale 2). It
means there is a decline in land tenure of the
community during this event by 1 (one) scale unit
making it a negative impact.
5.2.3.6 People’s Perception
Community perception of the land acquisition for
the construction of PLTP is quite positive. During
PLTP activity in Alam Pauh Duo village, there are
no people who felt aggrieved because their land is
affected by the construction of PLTP.
Positive perception/support of the people f or the
proposed additional production wells (well pad) of
PLTP is also related to Corporate Social

543
Responsibility (CSR) activities which has been
managed quite well. Government Regulation (PP) No.
47 of 2012 regulating the social and environmental
responsibility of limited liability compan ies.
The CSR programs have commenced from 2012 in the
communities within the study area with the four
focus of activities, namely Education, Health,
Infrastructure Improvement, Community Empowerment
and participation progr am in community activities.
The CSR activities that have been and are being
made by the Proponent are as follows:
 Procurement of computers for some schools
 Relocation and construction of traditional
markets
 Rehabilitation of several mosques
 Embroidery Courses.
 Safari Ramadhan in 13 mosques in 4 districts
 Provision of Handi-Talkie Radio Trunking System
for the Police of Solok Selatan District.
 The provision of social aid for flash flood
victims
 Construction of Welcoming Gate in Solok Selatan
District in Ulu Suliti
 Mass circumcision for 50 children in Solok
Selatan.

544
 Repair of bridge in Jorong Taratak Tinggi
 Repair of road in Kampung Baru
 Repair of road in Pekonina block 0
 Establishment of MFIs (Microfinance Institutions)
as well as providing training for prospective
small entrepreneurs
 Environmental conservation programs in
cooperation with Agriculture Service Office of
Solok Selatan by providing 1,000 rods of
maccademia bean seeds, etc.
Initially, public perception was moderate (scale 3)
and with the geothermal exploitation activities for
PLTP Muara Laboh especially in relation to the land
acquisition, it decreases to poor (scale 2). It
means there is a decline in land tenure by the
people during this event by 1 (one) scale unit
making it as a negative impact.
5.2.4 Public Health Component
Activities that make impact on public health is
drilling of production and injection wells and
production well testing and operation and
maintenance of wells and PLTP. Production well
tests were conducted during const ruction and
operation stages, while maintanance of production

545
wells are carried out during the operation phase.
Those activities have impacted the public health
components in which public health deteriorates.
The level of public health in initial conditio ns
were moderate (scale 3) the presence of PLTP
development activities have decline d the same to
poor (scale 2). It means there is a decline in the
quality of the environment by this activity by 1
(one) scale unit. Accordingly, it is necessary to
manage im pact on public health in order to minimize
the same.
Changes in disease patterns occur in the
construction stage and the proposed operation of
PLTP Muara Laboh Development Activities. Initially,
the condition of the disease in the environment is
moderate and the nature of the impact is more
siginificant. In the baseline condition, the state
of public health were moderate (scale 3). But it
changes slightly due to the activities/events which
turns it into poor (scale 2), thus there is a
decrease in the environmental quality of negative
1.
Based on the result of holistic evaluation, the
proposed PLTP Muara Laboh Construction Activities
causes environment al degradation by 19.51%. Based

546
on the scale of environmental quality, and a
reduction in the environmental component scale from
4, prior to the activities, to 3, after the
activities, or one unit scale. While the average
change in the quality of the envir onment is -0.71
or impacts occurring are small.
The impact evaluation based on the modified Leopold
method is shown in Tabel V-1515.

547
Tabel V-15 Matrix of Impact Evaluation using Modified Leopold Method on Geothermal Development Activities for 250 MW Muara Laboh
Condition of Environmental
Differ
ence
Environmental Quality after Operation
Predicted Score of Envvironmental Condition and Activities
Baseline
Condition of Environmental Components (Scale)/Significance (Scale) [M 1/I1]

Pre-
Post
Constru Construction Operation
Operation
ction
Score of scale of environmental condition x scale of significance
Production and Injection Well Drilling, Production Well Test and Well
Tota Score of All Activities (total M1 x I1) of all Activities

Weighted Environmental Component Quality Scale (A)
Production and Injection Well Drilling, Production Well Test

Maximum Score of Condition x significance
Percentage rate (Column 4/5 x 100%)

Environmental Components
Maximum Score (all activities)

Rehabilitation and Revegetation of Land
Operation of Turbine and Condenser
Interpretation of Impact
Land Preparationtion
Scale (B)
Labor Recruitment
Labor Recruitment
Land Acquisition
Scale %
Maintenance
%
Testing
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
A.PHYSICS-CHEMISTRY
1. Air Quality 4 2 2 3 3 There is a negative impact with the decrease of 1
12 25 48 3 38 100 38 2 -1 -10
3 2 2 5 5 scale or decrease of 10% in air quality
2. Noise 3 4 4 4 4 There is a negative impact with the decrease of 1
9 25 36 2 16 100 16 1 -1 -20
3 1 1 1 1 scale or decrease of 20% in noise level
3. Erosion and 4 5 2 There is a negative impact with the decrease of 2
Sedimentation 4 16 25 64 4 2 4 18 50 36 2 -2 -28 scales or decrease of 28% in erosion and
sedimentation
4. Surface Water Run- 4 1 4 There is a negative impact with the decrease of 2
16 25 64 4 20 50 40 2 -2 -24
off 4 4 4 scales or decrease of 24% in run-off rate
5. Surface Water Quality 3 2 2 2 2 4 There is a negative impact with the decrease of < 1
3 9 25 36 2 2 3 2 2 4 34 125 27 2 0 -9 scale or decrease of 9% in surface water quality
(river water)
B BIOLOGY
1. Diversity of Flora and 4 2 3 There is a negative impact with the decrease of 2
Fauna 4 16 25 64 4 2 3 13 50 26 2 -2 -38 scale or decrease of 38% in diversity oof terrestrial
flora and fauna
2. Diversity of Aquatic 4 2 2 2 4 There is a negative impact with the decrease of 3
Biota 4 16 25 64 4 1 1 1 3 18 100 18 1 -3 -46 schales or decrease of 46% in diversity of aquatic
biota

548
Differ
ence
Baseline

Pre-
Post
Operation
ction




Scale (B)
Labor Recruitment
Labor Recruitment
Land Acquisition
Scale %
Maintenance
%
Testing
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
C. SOCIO-ECONOMIC,
CULTURE AND PUBLIC
HEALTH
1. Employment 2 3 2 3 2 There is a positive impact with the increase of 3
10 25 40 2 41 100 41 3 1 1
Opportunity 5 4 3 5 4 scales or increase of 1% in employment opportunity
2. Business Opportunity 1 2 1 2 2 There is a positive impact with the increase of1
5 25 20 1 30 100 30 2 1 10
5 3 4 5 5 scale or increase of 10% in business opportunity
3. Community Income 2 3 2 3 2 There is a positive impact with the increase of 1
10 25 40 2 46 100 46 3 1 6
5 5 5 5 3 scale or increase of 6% in community income
4. Social Values and 4 4 3 4 There is a negative impact with the decrease of 1
20 25 40 21 50 42 3 -1 -38
Norms 5 3 3 scale or decrease of 38% in social values and norms
5. Land Tenure 3 3 2 There is a negative impact with the decrease of 1
4 12 25 48 4 8 25 32 2 -1 -16 scale or decrease of 16% in land ownership and
tenure
6. Community 3 2 2 2 There is a negative impact with the decrease of 1
15 25 60 3 18 75 24 2 -1 -36
Perception 5 3 3 3 scale or decrease of 36% in community perception
D. PUBLIC HEALTH
1. Public Health 3 2 2 There is a negative impact with the decrease of 1
12 25 48 3 16 50 32 2 -1 -16
4 4 4 scale or decrease of 16% in public health
Conclusion of Evaluation Result:
Total Score 178 337 T h e r e s u l t o f e v a l u a t o i n o f th e P l a n n e d D e v e l o p m e n
Maximum Score 350 1075 Activities for 250 MW Muara Laboh Geothermal
Percentage (%) 50.86 31.35 Power Plant is that it causes decrease in
Scale 3 2 environmental quality by 19.51%, that is from scale
Scale Difference -1.00 3 prior to the presence of the activities to scale 2
Difference (%) -19.51 after the presence of the activities or the quality of
Average Quality -0.714 the environment decreases by 1 scale unit or at an

549
Differ
ence
Baseline

Pre-
Post
Operation
ction




Scale (B)
Labor Recruitment
Labor Recruitment
Land Acquisition
Scale %
Maintenance
%
Testing
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
average decrease of -0.72 and the impact is
categorized as very small.
Remarks: M = Score for Environmental Quality Scale
I = Score for Environmental Significance Scale
Environmental Quality Scale: 1 = very poor Environmental Significance Scale: 1 = Insignificant
2 = poor 2 = quite significant
3 = moderate 3 = significant
4 = good 4 = more significant
5 = very good 5 = very significant

550
5.3 DIRECTIVES FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
Socio-cultural components which is assumed to be affected is the land ownership and tenure during the pre-construction
phase, namely in land acquisition activities. There are still groups of people who perceive that the construction of
Muara Laboh PLTP is located on communal land of the village. The land used for the construction of PLTP is already
cultivated with crops and rice mixture by people of Alam Pauh Duo village.
The ownership and tenure of the land as HGU (Right to Use) which is owned by the Government is granted to SEML for the
construction of PLTP Pauh Duo District, so that the tenure of a relatively wide land by SEM L on ex-HGU is only limited
to the right to use land. To avoid misunderstanding the following management shall be applied:
 Causality between the planned activities and environmental baseline and the positive and negative impacts it
creates.
 The characteristics and nature of significant impacts, both positive and negative, will be continuous during
activity time limit.
 Groups of people who will be affected by negative impact and the group of people who will be affected by positive
impact, the identification of gaps between the desired changes and changes that may occur as a result of the
business or development activities.
 The area which will be potentially affected by this significant impact will only be of local nature or it may extend
to a regional or national scale.
Evaluation of impact is directly aimed to fully understand the causal relationship between the planned activities with
environmental components affected by significant impacts. Therefore, the source of the impact that has caused
significant negative impacts on environmental components could be identified, as well as the nature of impact whether it
is a direct impact or indirect impact. A causal relationship can be described in a flow chart of significant impacts so

551
that the source of the impact and the significant impacts resulted therefrom and environmental components which are the
most significant impacts could be identified . Significant impacts in the Addendum to the Environmental Impact Analysis
and Environmental Management Plan – Environmental Monitoring Plan (RKL -RPL) are described in the flow chart of
significant impact s, while the impact of a relatively less important impact is not included in this figure. Flowchart of
significant impact which serve as a basis for the evaluation of significant impacts may be presented in Figure V-12 dan
Figure V-13.
Further, based on causal relationship depicted in the flow chart of significant impacts, it can be determined that the
direction of the management and monitoring of each of the significant impacts is indeed required, and it will also serve
as a basis for the preparation of RKL -RPL.

552
PRECONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION STAGE
STAGE OF STAGE
ACTIVITIES
TYPES OF
ACTIVITIES Mobilization of
Land Acquisition Labor Recruitment Land Clearing
Equipment and
Materials
PRIMARY
IMPACT Change of Land Opening Up of Opening Up of Disturbance to Erosion and
Disturbance to Terrestrial Fauna and Sedimentation
Tenure Employment Business
Opportunity Opportunity Transportation Flora Increase
SECONDARY Change of
Change of Change in
IMPACT Change of social
Community Co u ity’s surface water
values and norms
Perception Income quality
TERTIARY
IMPACT Change of Distubance to
Community aquatic biota
Perception
Figure V-12 Flow Chart of Significant Impact of Geothermal Exploitation Activities for Muara Laboh 250 MW PLTP in the Pre -
Construction and Construction

553
OPERATION STAGE POST-OPERATION STAGE

STAGE OF
ACTIVITIES
Production and Injection Well Rehabilitation/

TYPES OF ACTIVITIES Operation of PLTP Termination of
Labor Recruitment Drillling, Production Well Testing Revegetation of Land
(Geothermal Power Plant) Employment
and Well Maitenance
Opening Up of Opening Up of Erosion and Passing Up of Passing Up of

PRIMARY Change of air quality Change of surface water Disturbance to
Employment Business Sedimentation Employment Business
and noise quality Terrestrial Flora
IMPACT Opportunity Opportunity Increase Opportunity Opportunity
and Fauna
SECONDARY Change of Social Change in

Public health Change in Public health Change of Aquatic Change of Co u iity’s
IMPACT Values and
Co u ity’s disorder Biota Surface Water
disorder Norms Income
Income Quality
TERTIARY Change of
IMPACT Change of
Disturbance to Community
Community
Aquatic Biota Perception
Perception
Figure V-13 Flow Chart of Significant Impact of Geothermal Exploitation Activities for Muara Laboh 250 MW PLTP in the Operation and
Post Operation
Figure V-13 StageChart of Significant Impact of Geothermal Exploitation Activities for Muara Laboh 250 MW PLTP in the Operation
Flow

554
5.3.1 Guidelines and Direction of Impact in Pre Construction Stage
1. Direction of Management of Land Ownership
The socio -cultural components expected to be
adversely affected are land acquisition during pre
construction activities. There are still groups of
people who perceive that the construction of Muara
Laboh 250 MW PLTP is located on communal land of
the village. The land used for the construction of
PLTP is already cultivated with mixed crops and
paddy field of the people of Alam Pauh Duo village.
Ownership and tenure of the land as the HGU (Right
to Use) land owned by the Government is granted to
SEML for the construction of PLTP Pauh Duo
District, hence the tenure of a relatively wide
land by SEML on ex -HGU is only limited to the right
to use of the land. To avoid misunderstanding the
following and or manage the impact which will be
made, an institutional approach shall be applied,
among others:
 To disseminate the land acquisition plan with
reference to Presidential Dec ree No. 36 of
2005.
 Land acquisition must be done wisely and
equitably in accordance with the regulations

555
applying mainly on the process of land
compensation and productive plant of the
people.
 Consideration must be given to the aspirations
of customary community related to land
acquisition as well as with landowners,
government districts, Nagari and KAN and Ninik
Mamak.
2. Direction of Management of Community Perception
Land acquisition activities may have an impact on
the perceptions and attitudes of the local
community, as a resu lt of compensation that may not
be in accordance with applicable regulations.
Social and cultural issues need to be assessed as
objectively as possible, so as not to disturb the
social impact of culture, as for basic management
of social and cultural impac ts are:
 To identify the ownership of the land to be
acquired.
 To directly acquire land from the owners
through negotiations with wage compensation
paid for the cultivation of paddy fields and
gardens / fields which are acknowledged by

556
Jorong Wali, Wali Na gari, Ninik Mamak, KAN Alam
Pauh Duo or Duo Pauh Nan Batigo.
 Following up the aspirations of customary
community related to land acquisition.
5.3.2 Guidelines and Direction of Impact in Construction Stage
Scope of construction work includes the earthworks,
civil works and concrete structures and steel
structures and mechanical and electrical work (ME)
on steamfield area or area of geothermal power
plant. Earthwork on erosion -prone areas can cause
erosion and increase surface water runoff which
then brought sediment load into the river so that
it created impacts on the water quality.
Additionally, construction requires construction
materials, so that the mobility of trucks
transporting construction materials can have an
impact on air quality and noise. The guidelines for
the management of civil construction impacts that
can become a reference RKL -RPL is as follows:
1. Direction of management of earthwork s during
construction
The project area which has inclination of of 25 -40%
should be protected in order to provide benefits as

557
a protected area thereunder. There are concerns
that the earthworks on the sloping area may lead to
the formation of a little open area that may be
prone to erosion. Construction of access roads,
wellpad area and the area of geothermal power plant
in areas prone to erosion can cause erosion,
increased surface water runoff and ending with the
rising river water quality. Erosion cannot be
prevented completely because it is a natural
process, so that erosion prevention is only an
endeavor to control erosion to prevent any
disaster. Soil erosion management plan to minimize
the load of sediment entering the river are as
follows:
a) Controlling the flow of surface water from
rainfall.
The Management which may be implemented to control
the runoff from rainfall is as follows:
 Constructing a bund (mound) and water lines
which is parallel to contour lines with the
objective to restrain the flow of surface
water.
 Constructing trenches to channel and direct the
water towards the catch pond in an area prone

558
to erosion, which is on the edge of the access
road, in the wellpad area and in the area of
PLTP.
 Constructing a catchpond to stop the flow of
water passing through the trenches so that the
land material carried away by the flow is
retained and deposited in the catchpond. At one
point the catchpond will experience silting, so
the base of the catchpon needs to be dred ged.
b) Controlling the erosion technically and
vegetatively
Management that can be done to control erosion by
technical means and vegetative as well as to the
preservation or conservation of the land is as
follows:
 Tillage and organic fertilizer to increas e
permeability of the soil to make it more loose
so that rainwater easily seep s into the soil.
 Planting perennials (trees) perpendicularly to
the direction of flow (strip cropping).
 Planting perennials parallel to contour lines
(contour strip cropping). Pl anting is aimed to
reduce or restrain the flow rate of the water
and hold soil particles are transported in the

559
flow of rainwater.
 Closing open land which has a steep slope with
perennials (buffering)
With the management of erosion and surface water
runoff, the impact on water quality can be
minimized.
c) Management of flora dan fauna
Impacts on biological components may disturb the
the diversity of protected flora and flora. This
changes occurs in natural forest ecosystems that
will affect the stability of ecological functions.
Directives on environmental management to reduce
the impact are as follows:
 Maintaining flora / vegetation on a location
that is not utilized for the construction of
PLTP.
 The clearing of land from cover vegetation
should be implemented gradually in accordance
with the plan of activities.
 Enriching the vegetation in the open forest
area to replace flora/vegetation lost due to
the activities.

560
 Doing revegetation o n empty area (without cover
vegetation ) which are not used for the purposes
of activities.
 Placing announcement board prohibiting the
catching of protected animals / fauna.
 Cooperating with relevant agencies in
maintaining forest / TNKS from illegal logging.
2. Direction of management of drilling and
production test activity
The drilling process may generate drilling waste
mainly in the form of used drilling mud and drill
cutting. Later production testing can create noise
and emissions of H 2 S gas. Without proper management,
the process of drilling and production test can
result in environmental losses. Therefore, in order
to minimize the possibility of a significant
impact, it is necessary to manage the impact
appropriately. Guidelines for the management of the
impact of drilling and production test that can be
a reference to RKL - RPL are as follows:
a) Direction of management of waste water from
drilling
The waste water from drilling generated from the

561
washing of drilling equipment and floor of the rig
during drilling activities, which lasts about 60 -90
days is estimated at 90 x 32.4 m3/day or equivalent
to ± 2,916 m 3 . The drilling waste water has high TDS
and TSS contents and therefore should not be
discharged directly to the environment. The refore,
based on the technical and economic approach es, the
waste water is collected in a settling pond, and
along with the brine it will be returned to the
earth through the injection wells, so there is no
negative impact caused by the drilling waste water.
Handling of used drilling water is actually the
impact of the proposed management (mitigated
impact) according to the SOP that has been set by
SEML.
b) Direction of management of used drilling mud
Used drilling mud is mud that cannot be used
anymore because it does not meet the technical
specifications as drilling mud. The used drilling
mud is not reusable, and it is managed by piling,
and utilized for construction material mix or
carried out in accordance with the applicable
regulations on Non Hazardous and Toxic waste
treatment.

562
c) Direction of the management of drill ing cutting
Drill cutting, in accordance with Regulation No.
101 of 2014 on Treatment of Hazardous and Toxic
Waste, is categorized as Non -Hazardous and Toxic
Waste, hence the drilling cutting will be managed
in accordance with the applicable regulations on
the treatment of Non Hazardous and Toxic Waste s,
among othe rs: to be utilized internally as a
mixture of construction materials and/or piled
and/or for the purpose of the company's CSR program
and/or managed in accordance with the applicable
regulations on treatment of Hazardous and Toxic
Wastes.
d) Direction of Domestic Waste Water treatment
Efforts to manage domestic waste (biological waste
from Bathing, Washing and Toilet (MCK)) which is
generated from residential activity and employment
activities will be accommodated in a septic tank
(1.5 m x 2 m x 2 m). The decomposition process
takes place in an anaerobic septic tank, whereas
the runoff water with BOD content is seeped in the
land covered with perennial plants. Thus the BOD of
water runoff can be absorbed into the land which is

563
covered with the perennial plant. Thus the BOD of
water runoff is absorbed by the plan and does not
seep into the ground water, instead the plants have
many leaves because the waste water also contains
potassium, phosphorus and organic nitrogen which
serves as plant fertilizer.
e) Direction of solid waste management from labor
activities
Solid waste from labor activity in the form of
materials which were used f or wrapping/packing
materials that is easily biodegradable for example
food and beverage wrapping, bags of mud, cement
bags and wooden/cardboard packing will be collected
and burned in a garbage container (0.75 m x 0.75 m
x 1 m). Then materials which are not easily
biodegradable, such as plastic containers and
plastic wrapping will be collected and the waste
from the materials that were used for wrapping
which are not easily degradable will be transported
to landfill (Final Waste D isposal) of Solok Selatan
District or sold to the users of the used
materials.
f) Direction for the treatment of H 2 S gas emission

564
during drilling
H2S gas emitted from formation water with the
drilling mud during drilling activities will be
managed as follows:
 H 2 S gas that is contai ned in the drilling mud
is dissolved in a suspension of calcium
hydroxide [Ca (OH) 2 ] in a mud container, thus
forming a sulfide salts.
 In respect of free H 2 S gas emissions of which
can not be estimated, one of the actions that
can be taken is to temporarily suspend the
drilling activities, if H2S gas emissions
exceeds safety requirements.
Critical situation during the drilling takes place
when there is an accumulation of free H 2 S in a high
level exposed uncontrollbly from drilled wells and
it could cause fatality to the drilling operator.
Therefore, preventi ve efforts that can be done to
detect the presence of free H2S gas as early as
possible are as follows:
 Equipping the drilling installation with a
large capacity air blower (fan), which is
directed in the direction of the wind.
 Installing the H 2 S gas sensor in certain places
such as: shale shakers, mud tanks and rig

565
floor.
 Setting the H2S gas sensor at concentrations
that could endanger human life on the threshold
of = 10 ppm H 2 S. On such threshold, the
overpowering bad odor will arise that result s
in the occurrence of irritation of the eyes,
nose and throat (indication: burning eyes).
Availability Breathing Apparatus (BA) and personal
H 2 S gas detector at the drilling location for human
safety. At levels of 160 ppm , H 2 S gas was odorless,
but could result in fainting or blackouts for some
time.
H 2 S gas emission during drilling is not an impact,
but it is more accurately described as a disaster
or accident because it is unpredictable.
g) Direction of the management of H 2 S gas emission
during production tests
Before the production test the level of H 2S in
geothermal steam needs to be measured. If the level
of H 2 S are relatively stable at a level of less than
2% then production test will be carried out .
Conversely, if the level of H 2S is too high, i.e
well above 5%, then production test can be carried

566
out with special treatment, for example by
installing the stack higher, having more H2S
detectors and all employees us ing H2S protective
masks and should be on a standby position for
evacuation if H2S exceeds the threshold of work
safety. H2S gas at the level of 2% or maximum 5%
would give less significant impact and there is no
risk to the safety and health of workers. The level
of H2S in Muara Laboh geothermal steam is ranging
between 0.6 and 0.7% NCG and thus there is no
impediments in production tests.
h) Direction of management of noise during
production test
The production test may generate very loud noise,
and the noise needs to be mitigated by noise
reducing equipment called Rock Muffler. Silencer as
noise reduces is not suitable for wet steam, but is
only suitable for dry steam. By installing the Rock
Muffler noise can be controlled within a radius of
about 250 m from the po sition of Rock Muffler.
During this time the use of Rock Muffler is
considered effective to reduce noise, although Rock
Muffler is only able to reduce noise to 80 -85 dB
(A). For noise at this level, the propagation of

567
noise can be controlled within the lim it of the
project or the work environment so it does not
create an impact on the residential areas located
nearby the project site.
5.3.3 Guidelines for the Management of Impact of the Operation of PLTP
Operation of PLTP may generate loud noise from the
operating equipment namely Steam turbine,
Transformer and Cooling Tower. At the time of
normal operation, propagation of noise of 55 dB (A)
can be heard up to 300 m, but when turbine
interruption occurs, the noise propagation can be
heard up to 1 km. Theref ore it is necessary to
install Rock Muffler as a noise reducing equipment
up to the limit of 300 m from the noise source.
In addition , the operation of PLTP can also
generate emissions of NCG (Non Condensable Gas) ,
primarily H2S gas emissions that escape s into the
atmosphere through the Cooling tower stack. H2S
emissions from the stack of the Cooling tower is
approximately 34.7 mg/Nm 3 which is still under the
Standard of 35 mg/Nm 3 , so that the H2S gas
dispersion in ambient air is only about 100 m from
the geothermal power plant.
Therefore, the direction of the management of H2S

568
emissions and noise during the operation of
geothermal power plant can be applied as follows:
1. Direction of management of H 2S gas emission
during the operation of PLTP
Dry steam comi ng out of Separator will rotate the
blades of a turbine coupled with a generator so as
to generate electrical energy.
Fluid that has come out of the turbine will then
enter the Condenser with vapor fraction of about
80%, and because of the expansion proces s of
pressure, within a short time the steam will
condense into water. Extreme changes in the
specific volume of steam into water within a short
time will create a vacuum in the Condenser. NCG
presence in Condenser may cause Condenser vacuum
conditions unable to be achieved optimally, and
further resulting in the declining performance of
geothermal power plant. Thus in order to maintain
the vacuum condition in the Condenser, the NCG must
be removed continuously through a gas extraction
system called Ste am ejectors. NCG gas is then
separated from Steam Ejector and discharged into
the ambient air through a chimney of the Cooling
Tower in the form of emissions of CO 2 and H 2 S gas

569
mixed with water vapor (evaporation losses).
Condensation process in the condenser is done by
flowing cold fluid (ambient temperature) into the
Condenser so that the cold fluid will absorb some
heat from the fluid in two phases so that the phase
of the whole fluid is changed into saturated water.
Therefore the fluid coming out of the Condenser is
saturated water, but the temperature of the fluid
is relatively the same as the initial temperature
when entering the Condenser, because the release of
heat (latent heat) just enough to change the phase,
but not enough to absorb heat (sensibl e heat) to
lower the temperature. In order to get a liquid
fluid which can be used to cool the condenser, the
hot fluid that comes out of this Condenser first
need to be cooled in the Cooling Tower to near room
temperature, after which it can be recirculat ed
into the Condenser. Cooling water from the Cooling
Tower can be used to absorb heat latent heat and
sensible heat. Therefore, it can save the use of
cooling water (fresh water). In this case the use
of fresh water serves only as make-up water for
Cooling towers. After understanding the extraction
process NCG and the cooling systems of Condenser
and Cooling Tower, the direction of the management

570
of H 2 S gas emissions is as follows:
 Design of L/G related to a flow rate Circulated
cooling water for Cooling T ower shall allow the
air flow rate to control gas emissions in
accordance with the target of the operation of
the geothermal power plant
 The magnitude of the ratio L / G will also
determine the make -up water flow for Cooling
Tower which will then affect th e water usage of
the geothermal power plant. The relationship
between make-up water and H 2 S gas emissions is as
follows:
Cooling Tower Make H 2 S gas
Up Water emission
(t/h) (mg/Nm 3 )
70 49,5
80 44,2
90 39,7
100 35,0
110 31,3
Quality Standard of H 2S gas emissions is 35 mg /
Nm 3 , the optimum make -up Cooling Tower is around 100
t / h. The total estimated project water demand is
estimated not to exceed 130 m 3 / h.

571
2. Direction of management of noise during the
operation of PLTP
The highest source of noise is a couple of
Geothermal Steam Turbine and Generator units which
are in the enclosed space so as to reduce noise.
Then the next noise source is a transformer
(Transformer) which use s the air conditioner and
Cooling Tower locate d in the open area. In the
normal operating state, noise can be heard up to a
radius of 300 m, but in the event of interruption,
the turbine noise can be heard as far as 1 km. In
the event of disruption of the turbine, all the
steam discharged into the atm osphere through the
release valve causing squeaky voice like a whistle
at high frequencies. Therefore, the efforts to
manage the noise is as follows:
a. During normal operation
Propagation of noise during normal operation
can reach a radius of 300 m. Therefo re a radius
of 300 m is defined as the noise buffer zone,
accordingly, the area must be vacant and free
from residential areas.
b. During the disturbance to turbine

572
During distrubance to the turbine, there will
be a sudden extreme rise in vapor pressure, so
the pressure will automatically dump valve
(release valve) opens and the valve opening
will cause high frequency noise. Therefore, the
propagation of noise in the event of
disturbances turbines can peak at 1,000 m
radius. To overcome the noi se, the water v apor
off released through the release valve of the
geothermal power plant shall be transmitted
through the Rock Muffler as noise suppression,
making the noise only affects the radius of 300
m from the noise source. Furthermore, a noise
buffer zone with the distance of 300 m defined
as an area that is free from residential areas ,
but it may be used for agricultural areas.
3. Direction for the handling Coolin g tower sludge
Cooling Tower Water needs to be maintained so
as not to form crust and moss in Cooling Tower.
Therefore, for the maintenance of the Cooling
Tower, it is to be injected with scaling
corrosion inhibitor and phosphate -based
inhibitors periodi cally. In addition, biocide
of the type of triazine or phosponium need to

573
be injected until residual chlorine ranged from
0.3 - 0.5 ppm. Then the pH is maintained
between 7.8 and 8.2 and SiO 2 content should not
exceed 150 ppm. However, since Cooling Tower
has always generated sludge, once a year, the
Cooling Tower needs to be cleaned from the
sludge. Sludge is composed of dust particles
and the dissolved H 2 S gas which is oxidized to
form sulfide precipitates, whereas phosphate
and chlorine remains soluble in water Cooling
Tower. Once a year there is as much as 1.0 to
2.5 m 3 of Cooling Tower sludge accummulated . The
sludge volume is very small thus its management
is not bothersome . Sludge can be mixed with
water condensate, and then channeled into the
bowels of the earth through the injection
wells. Thus the mud from Cooling Tower does not
create any impact on the environment.
4. Direction of Management of Social, Economical,
and Cultural Impact
As for the direction of environmental manageme nt to
social, economic and cultural aspects as well as
public health are as listed below:
 To establish communication between the company

574
and the community that extends beyond the land
affairs, it shall also provide information about
employment opportunitie s in a transparent manner,
the amount of labor and the qualifications
required and the selection process.
 Efforts like this can foster a positive
perception of the community of the project
because people can directly feel the benefits of
geothermal development in these locations. The
presence of the project makes the people
anticipate increase in their income. Therefore,
in the recruitment of workers, the company does
need to give priority to local people, as long as
they meet the required qualifications a nd meet
the the labor criteria determined by SEML and
contractors.
 To seek to assist the people in increasing their
income, not only increasing the chance of people
getting a job at the project site, but also
assist in developing the trade and services.
People need to get coaching and training in
business groups so that they can together improve
their livelihood.
 SEML fully supports community based development,
especially in empowering the local economy. CSR

575
(Corporate Social Responsibility) can be used for
the community development program. CSR management
is implemented by stakeholders (SEML, communities
and local governments) under the principle of
consultation and cooperation. The use of CSR in
the community development program is focused on
four areas, namely: health, education, economic
empowerment and environmental co nservation.
5.3.4 Guidelines for and Directions of Management of Impact during Post

Operation Stage
In accordance with the Regulation of the Minister
of Energy and Mineral Resources No. 18 of 2008 on
Mine Reclamation and Closure, the proponent is
obliged to prepare Reclamation and Closure
documents. In the preparation of these documents ,
the Company shou ld also involve the local
government, the people and academicians. However, a
guideline for the direction of impact management
during post-operation stage can be described as
follows:
1. Direction of management of termination of
employment
Prior to the closure of geothermal development , the

576
Company needs to provide specific skills to the
workers so that they can still work in the
community even when they have retired later. With
this kind of preparation it is expected that the
workers can maintain their life so it does not have
a negative impact upon the dismissal of the
manpower.
2. Direction of management of post development of
geothermal
As social responsibility of the Company to the
community, the company will involve the communities
affected by the closure of geothermal development
in the preparation of the proposed closure of the
geothermal exploitation. Thus people who have been
involved in geothermal exploitation do not feel
that they miss something from the geothermal
development even though it is closed forever.
3. Direction of management of
rehabilitation/revegetation
Rehabilitation/revegetation at the closure of
geothermal developmet includes the rehabilitation
and revegetation of the area, to ensure that the

577
post development of geothermal landscape remains
safe and stable from the standpoint of physical
chemistry, geochemistry and ecology. Then the plan
for the use of the land post sustainable geothermal
needs to be developed, agreed and explained
satisfactorily to the governmen t (central and
regional) as well as communities affected by the
closure of geothermal. Thus the post -reclamation
land can be used as much as possible for the
welfare of the people.
4. Direction of the management of remaining waste s
and chemicals.
Just before the closing of geothermal development
activity, the company will process the residual
waste and residual chemicals in order to minimize
the residual impact. Since the design of the
construction, it has been decided that the project
to the extent possible will not use chemicals that
are classified as Hazardous and Toxic Materials so
as to facilitate the handling of residual chemicals
after geothermal exploitation.
5. Direction of management of assets from the
former project

578
Sale or transfer of assets from the former project
will be managed by using the following method:
 Sales agreement in advance through tender or
public auction. The Company sold all the assets
of used items that include machinery, buildings
and equipment with a system of contracts to
third parties.
 Sell and/or donate a used furniture, equipment,
fences and water wells that may be useful for
the community so that they do not have to be
dismantled.
 Local Government may prevent the access road
and other buildings from being torn down
because it can be used by the local government.
Upon the closing of the mine and the end of
Cultivation Right on Land(HGU), all assets are
returned to the local government which is acting
for and on behalf of the State with the task of
utilizing the land as much as possible for the
welfare of the people.
The management shall to ensure that the assets can
be transferred clearly to those in need, without
causing any additional liability for the company.

579
5.4 RECOMMENDATION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL FEASIBILITY
Under the baseline condition of each component of
the environment and the predicted impacts on
environmental components based on each source of
impact or activity as the source of impact, an
evaluation is conducted by using the modified
Leopold method, indicating that Muara Laboh PLPT
Development Activities may have both positive and
negative impacts. The positive impact generated is
necessary to be managed to improve the same, while
the negative impact can be managed to do minimize
the same.
Results of the study and r eview of Addendum to
Environmental Impact Analysis and RKL -RPL
documents, shows that geothermal exploitation for
250 MW Muara Laboh PLTP of PT Supreme Energy Muara
Laboh may be declared as environmentally feasible .
The factors expressing these activities to be
environmentally feasible are:
 The Proposed Geothermal Exploitation Activity
the 250 MW Muara Laboh PLTP has complied with
the Regional Spatial Plan of Solok Selatan
District.
 Policies for the protection and management of
environment and natural resources (PPLH & PSDA)

580
for geothermal activity for Geothermal Power
plant of 250 MW Muara Laboh PLTP have complied
with the laws and regulations.
 Detailed forecast of the magnitude and
significance of the impact viewed from
biophysical chemistry, social, economic,
cultural, spatial and community health impact
aspects at the pre-construction, construction,
operation, and post -operation stage of
Geothermal Development for 250 MW Muara Labo h
PLTP is between 1 to 2 scale unit or the impact
is relatively small.
 The results of holistic evaluation of all
significant impacts as interrelated unity and
which influence one another hence the balance
of the negative and positive significant
impacts of Geothermal Development for 250 MW
Muara Laboh PLPT is determined as -0.71 or
relatively small impact.
 The capacity of the proponent as a n entity in
charge of the activity to mitigate negative
impacts that will result from the business
and/or activity whi ch has been planned is based
on the technological, social and institutional
approach.

581
 Social values or views of the people as a
result of the proposed Geothermal Development
Activity for 250 MW Muara Laboh Geothermal
Power Plant can be managed, so that th e impact
can be minimized.
 The impact of the disruption to key species
ecological entity, the ecological importance
value, the economic importance value and the
scientific importance value resulting from the
proposed Geothermal Development Activity for
250 MW Muara Laboh Geothermal Power Plant is
able to be managed.
 The proposed Geothermal Development Activity
for 250 MW Muara Laboh Geothermal Power Plant
do not cause disruption to the business and/or
activities that have existed around the
Proposed Geothermal Development Activity for
the PLTP Muara Laboh 250 MW.
The carrying capacity and environmental carrying
capacity of the location of the proposed Geothermal
Development Activities for 250 MW Muara Laboh
Geothermal Power Plant which is not exceeded after
the management is in accordance with management
directives .

582
CHAPTER VI ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND
MONITORING PLAN (RKL-RPL)
6.1. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
6.1.1 Preconstruction Stage
6.1.1.1 Socio-Economic and Culture Components
6.1.1.1.1. Land Tenure
a. Environmental Impact to be Managed
 Changes in land tenure.
b. Sources of Impact
 Source of impact comes from land acquisition. Most of
the land had been acquired during the exploration
stage.
c. Indicators of Environmental Management Success
 Indicator for success of management is that the
changes in land tenure that does not cause conflict in
the community.
Form of Environmental Management
Environmental management programs that need to be
implemented to prevent or mitigate potential impacts
will be based on a socio-economic approach, including:

583
RKL-RPL Geothermal Development for Muara Laboh Power Plant 250 MW
 Conducting dissemination of land acquisition plans in
accordance with Presidential Regulation No. 36 of
2005,
 Conducting land acquisition wisely and fair in
accordance with applicable laws, particularly the
compensation for land and productive plants to
communities,
 Considering the aspirations of customary community
regarding land acquisition with land owners, sub-
district government, Nagari, and KAN, as well as Ninik
Mamak.
e. Locations for Environmental Management
 In the vicinity of the site, including Nagari Alam
Pauh Duo and Pauh Duo Nan Batigo, Pauh Duo
Subdistrict, Solok Selatan District.
f. Timing and Period of Environmental Management
 Environmental management will be performed during the
pre-construction stage.
g. Institutions for Environmental Management
1) Implementing Party : PT Supreme Energy Muara Laboh
2) Supervising Agencies:
 Environmental Service Office of Solok Selatan
District,

584
 Government of Pauh Duo Subdistrict,
 Energy and Mineral Resources Service Office of Solok
Selatan District,
 Land Agency of Solok Selatan District,
 Governments of Nagari, KAN Alam Pauh Duo, and Pauh
Duo Nan Batigo.
3) Report Receiving Agencies :
District,
Selatan District,
 Directorate General of New and Renewable Energy, and
Energy Conservation (EBTKE).
6.1.1.1.2 Community Perception
 Negative perception of communities at pre-construction
stage.
 Source of impact comes from land acquisition. Most of
the land had been acquired during the exploration
stage.

585
 Less negative perceptions towards land acquisition.
d. Form of Environmental Management
Environmental management programs to be implemented to
prevent or mitigate potential impacts will be based on a
socio-economic approach, including:
 Identification of ownership of the land to be
acquired.
 Conducting land acquisition directly to the land
owners through negotiation for compensation for
cultivation fees/income for paddy fields and
plantation/crop fields, acknowledged by Wali Jorong,
Wali Nagari, Ninik Mamak, KAN Alam Pauh Duo and Pauh
Duo Nan Batigo.
 Following up the aspirations of the customary
community related to land acquisition.
 In the vicinity of site, including Nagari Alam Pauh
Duo and Pauh Duo Nan Batigo, Pauh Duo Subdistrict,
Solok Selatan District.
f. Period of Environmental Management

586
pre-construction stage.
g. Institution of Environmental Management
1) Implementing Party : PT Supreme Energy Muara
Laboh
District,
Selatan District,
Duo Nan Batigo.
3) Report Receiving Agencies:
District,
Selatan District,

587
6.1.2.1 Physical and Chemical Components
6.1.2.1.1 Ambient Air Quality
 Changes in air quality.
 Production well and injection well drilling,
production well testing, and construction of
geothermal power plant.
 Air quality from fugitive emissions and dispersed TSP
meet TSP ambient quality standard pursuant to
Government Regulation No. 41 of 1999 (ambient TSP
standard < 230 µg/Nm3),
 H2S gas emission meets the standard (Regulation of the
Minister of the Environment No. 21 of 2008 on H2S
emission (< 35 mg/Nm3),
 Odor level meets the H2S standard (Minister of
Environment Decision No. 50 of 1996 - H2S odor level <
28 µg/Nm3).

588
technological approach, including:
 Securing the well location and setting a safe zone
limit for surrounding residents according to the SOP
of SEML,
 Providing safety equipment for workers in the vicinity
of the wells,
 Installing H2S monitoring equipment at production test
sites,
 Maintaining construction vehicles,
 Reducing the speed of vehicles, with maximum speed of
30 km/hour,
 Frequently watering the road during dry season,
 Reducing H2S emissions by technical-economic-
environmental approach,
 Installing pipe along the fault line to avoid broken
pipe when soil movement occurs,
 Installing the signs for Occupational Health, Safety,
and Environment in accordance with the SOP.
 Well drilling and production testing sites,

589
 Residential areas in the location of access road to
the project
construction stage.
g. Institution of Environmental Management
District,
Selatan District.
District,
Selatan District,
6.1.1.1.2. Noise
 The impact occurs is Changes in noise level.

590
Sources of Impact
production well testing.
Indicators of Environmental Management Success
 Noise levels meet the standards for residential area <
55 dB(A) and industrial area <70 dB(A) according to
Minister of Environment Decision No. 48 of 1996,
 For project workers, Threshold Limit Values (TLV) for
working environment according to Circular Letter of
Ministry of Manpower No. 01/MEN/ 97 (TLV working
environment < 85 dB(A)).
Form of Environmental Management
 Providing educative information to the surrounding
communities.
 Setting up a buffer zone for noise,
 Installing rock muffler to reduce noise while
operating production tests,

591
 Use of hearing protection equipment for workers In the
vicinity of production test locations.
 Implement SOP for reducing noise.
 Wells located nearest to residential areas.
construction stage.
1) Implementing Party: PT Supreme Energy
Muara Laboh
District,
Selatan District.
District,
Selatan District,

592
6.1.2.1.3 Erosion and Sedimentation
 Changes in erosion and sedimentation.
 Land preparation.
 Controlled erosion rates comply with Minister of
Forestry, Directorate General for Reforestation and
Rehabilitation Decision No. 041/Kpts/V/1998 (<15
ton/ha/of).
 Controlling the surface water runoff, for instance by
building trenches to direct rain water flow to the
catch ponds,
 Implementing technical and vegetative erosion control,
for instance by planting trees perpendicular to the

593
water flow or parallel to the contour or in open areas
that are prone to erosion,
 Whenever possible conducting earth works during the
dry season.
 Areas prone to erosion in segments of access road,
wellpad sites, and geothermal power plant area.
construction stage.
District,
Selatan District.
District,
Selatan District,

594
6.1.2.1.4. Surface Water Runoff Rates
 Changes in surface water runoff rates.
 Controlling erosion rates to comply with Minister of
ton/ha/year),
 Controlling sediment loads that will be discharged
into river according to Government Regulation No. 82
Year 2001 (<50 mg/L),
 Controlling TSS levels to be equal to the Liki River
baseline, of 4 mg/L, and at < 50 mg/L maximum to
comply with Government Regulation No. 82 of 2001.

595
 Controlling surface water runoff, for instance by
building trenches to direct rain water flow to the
catch ponds,
 Technical and vegetative erosion control, for instance
by planting trees perpendicular to water flow or
parallel to the contour or in open areas that are
prone to erosion,
 Conducting earth works during the dry season whenever
possible.
Geothermal power plant project site area.
construction stage.
1) Implementing Party: PT Supreme Energy Muara Laboh
District,
Selatan District.

596
District,
Selatan District,
6.1.2.1.5 Surface Water Quality
 Changes in surface water quality.
 Land preparation, production well and injection well
drilling, and production well testing.
 TSS level in the river is under control = Liki River
TSS baseline i.e. 4 mg/L and < 50 mg/L maximum and
comply with Government Regulation No. 82 of 2001.

597
 Controlling surface water runoff due to rains, for
instance by building trenches to direct rain water
flow to the catch ponds,
 Technical and engineering and vegetative erosion
control, for instance by planting trees perpendicular
to water flow or parallel to the contour or in open
areas that are prone to erosion,
 Carrying out earthworks during the dry season.
 Geothermal power plant project area.
construction stage.
Institutions for Environmental Management
1) Immplementing Party: PT Supreme Energy Muara Laboh
District,
Selatan District.
3) Report Receiving Party:

598
District,
Selatan District,
6.1.2.2 Biological Components
6.1.2.2.1 Terrestrial Flora and Fauna
 Disturbance to terrestrial flora and fauna.
 Land clearing in accordance with requirements.
 Minimizing open areas without vegetation,
 Gradual land clearance in accordance with activity
plan,
 Relocation of protected flora around the project site,

599
 Revegetation on open land using types of local plants
suited to the local climatic and soil conditions,
 Planting the project area using types of plants that
could be used as animal feed.
 Prohibiting animal hunting and capturing as well as
taking protected flora.
 Building and developing nursery ground to develop loal
plant seeds
 Working together with the relevant institutions to
safeguard forest area/Kerinci Seblat National Park
(TNKS, Taman Nasional Kerinci Seblat) from illegal
logging activity
 Compensation for the value of the trees cut in the new
area.
 Environmental management to be implemented in
disturbed areas.
Environmental management will be performed during the
construction stage.

600
District,
Selatan District,
 Forest Agency of Solok Selatan District.
District,
Selatan District,
 Forest Agency of Solok Selatan District,
6.1.2.2.2 Aquatic Biota
 Disturbance to aquatic biota.
 Land preparation, production well and injection well
drilling, and production well testing.

601
 Changes in the composition of aquatic biota in the
river in the open area.
 Efforts to minimize disturbance to aquatic biota
through erosion and sedimentation controls (refer to
section 6.1..2.1.3), management of surface water
runoff rates (refer to section 6.1.2.1.4), and
management of surface water quality (refer to section
6.1.2.1.5).
construction stage.
District,

602
Selatan District.
District,
Selatan District,
 Directorate General of Renewable Energy and Energy
Conservation.
6.1.2.3.1 Employment Opportunities
 Increase in employment opportunities.
 Labor recruitment activity
 Number and proportion of local workers hired for
construction activities.

603
 Dissemination of job vacancies and skills requirements
for construction of Muara Laboh Geothermal Power Plant
to jorong in the surrounding areas,
 Selection and recruitment of labor is in accordance
with predetermined proportion by prioritizing workers
from Nagari Alam Pauh Duo, Pau Duo Nan Batigo, and
surrounding areas,
 Providing education and training programs for the
labor to be recruited in Muara Laboh Geothermal Power
Plant and conducting community development programs.
 In the vicinity of site, including Pauh Duo
Subdistrict and Sangir Subdistrict, Solok Selatan
District.
construction stage.

604
District,
Selatan District,
 Social, Manpower, and Transmigration Service Office
of Solok Selatan District,
Duo Nan Batigo.
District,
Selatan District,
6.1.2.3.2. Business Opportunity
 Increase in business opportunities.
 Labor recruitment.

605
 Number and proportion of local businesses absorbed in
the construction activities.
 Facilitating and assisting communities in the
surrounding areas in setting up business through CSR
programs,
 Entrepreneurship education, training, and other
community development programs for the communities in
the surrounding areas,
 Training for workers in the industry that absorb high
number of workers (Presidential Regulation No. 28 of
2008 on National Industrial Policy), in particular
training in creative industry such as handicrafts,
performance arts, interactive games etc.
District.

606
 Environmental management will be performed during
construction stage.
1) Implementing Agency: PT Supreme Energy Muara Laboh
District,
Selatan District,
 Governments of Nagari, KAN Alam Pauh Duo and Pauh
Duo Nan Batigo.
District,
Selatan District,

607
6.1.2.3.3 Community Income
 Changes in community income.
 Sources of household income outside of agricultural
sector,
 Average level of household expenses.
 Determination of wages or salaries in accordance with
Decent Living of Standard (KHL, Kebutuhan Hidup
Layak),
 Conducting community development program.

608
District.
construction stage.
District,
Selatan District,
 Governments of Nagari and local KAN
District,
Selatan District,

609
6.1.2.3.4 Social Values and Social Norms
 Changes in social values and social norms as a result
of the recruitment of construction workers
 Construction labor recruitment.
 Increasing public trust in Company’s commitment to
prioritize local hiring of jorong and nagari that are
directly related to the geothermal development
projects.
 Dissemination of the labor recruitment in accordance
with the principles of honesty and transparent
justice,
 Initiating and implementing labor recruitment based on
the standards and regulations of the Company,

610
 Implementing the commitment to recruit workers from
areas directly related to the development of
geothermal power plant project.
District.
construction stage.
District,
Selatan District,

611
District,
Selatan District,
 Changes in community perception.
 Labor release / termination of employment in the
construction stage of Geothermal Power Plant.
 Decrease in negative perception of recruitment
activity in the construction stage.

612
 Providing adequate skill training for workers during
their employment in Geothermal Power Plant project, so
that when they are laid-off they are ready and are
competitive in getting new jobs,
 Providing information regarding job opportunities to
the workers laid-off for the completion of
construction of geothermal power plant.
District.
construction stage.
District,
 Government of Nagari and local KAN.

613
District,
6.1.2.4 Public Health Components
 Public health disorder / deterioration of public
health condition.
Sources of Impact
production well testing, well maintenance, and
Geothermal Power Plant construction.
 No increase in environmental diseases and no changes
to disease patterns. The community can utilize water
resources for daily needs and have easy access to
health services around the project location.

614
 Providing adequate sanitation facilities such as
toilets, and trash bins around the project area
through CSR activities,
 Increasing public awareness of environmental health by
providing educative information directly and
indirectly.
 Coordinating with the community health centre
(puskesmas) and Health Service Office particularly
conducting an observation of diseases around the
project.
Subdistrict, Sangir Subdistrict, Solok Selatan
District.
construction stage.

615
District,
 Energy and Mineral Resources Service Office of
 Health Service Office of Solok Selatan District.
District,
 Health Service Office of Solok Selatan District,
 Directorate General of New and Renewable Energy,
and Energy Conservation (EBTKE).
6.1.3.1 Physical-Chemical Components
production well testing, as well as emission and

616
dispersion from cooling tower stack during operation
stage of Geothermal Power Plant project.
Indicators of Environmental Management Success
meets the standards (Government Regulation No. 41 of
1999 (ambient TSP standard < 230 µg/Nm3),
 H2S emission gas meet the standards pursuant to
Regulation of the Minister of the Environment No. 21
of 2008 on H2S Emission Standards (< 35 mg/Nm3),
 Odor levels meet the H2S standards (Decision of the
Minister of the Environment No. 50 of 1996 on H2S Odor
Level Standard (< 28 µg/Nm3), meanwhile the minimum
limit of human sense of H2S gas smell is 181 µg/Nm3.
 Securing the well locations and setting a safe zone
limit for surrounding residents
 Providing safety equipment for workers in the vicinity
of wells,
 H2S monitoring equipment installed at production test
sites,

617
 Frequently watering the road during dry seasons,
 Reducing H2S emissions by techno-economy-environment
approach,
 Installation of signs for Occupational Health, Safety,
and Environment in accordance with the SOP.
 Well drilling and production testing,
 Residential areas adjacent to the project site
entrance.
operation stage.
District,
Selatan District.
District,

618
Selatan District,
6.1.3.1.2 Noise
 Changes in noise levels.
production well testing, and Geothermal Power Plant
operation.
 Noise levels meet the applicable standards for
residential < 55 dB(A) and industrial <70 dB(A)
according to Minister of Environment Decision No.
48 of 1996,
 For projects worker, Threshold Limit Values (TLV)
for working environment according to Circular
Letter of Minister of Manpower No. 01/MEN/ 97 (TLV
working environment < 85 dB(A)).

619
 Setting up a buffer zone for noise,
 Use of hearing protection equipment for workers in the
vicinity of production test locations.
 Measurement of noise level in the residential area by
the entrace of the project.
 Measurement of noise level within work environment in
Geothermal Power Plant location and wellpads located
closest to the residential area.
operation stage.
District,
Selatan District.

620
District,
Selatan District,
production well testing, as well as turbine and
condensate operation.
TSS levels in the river are under control = Liki River
baseline of 4 mg/L, maximum < 50 mg/L pursuant to
Government Regulation No. 82 of 2001

621
 Controlling surface water runoff from the rain, for
instance by building trenches to direct water flow to
the catch ponds,
 Technical and vegetative erosion control, for instance
by planting trees perpendicular to water flow or
parallel to the contour or in open areas that are
prone to erosion.
operation stage.
2) Supervising Agencies :
District,
Selatan District.
District,

622
Selatan District,
production well testing, and Geothermal Power Plant
operation and maintenance.
 Reducing impact due to changes in the composition of
aquatic biota.
 Efforts to minimize disturbance to aquatic biota
through management of surface water (refer to section
6.1.3.1.3).

623
operation stage.
District.
Selatan District.
District
Selatan District.
Energy Conservation (EBTKE)

624
 Opening up of employment opportunity,
 Increase in small to medium economic sector
activities,
 Increase in community income.
 Number and proportion of local workers hired for
operation stage activities.
 Diissemination of job vacancies and skills
requirements for operational implementation of
Geothermal Power Plant to jorong around the activity
location.,
 Selection of candidate manpower and recruitment of
manpower in accordance with predetermined proportions
by prioritizing workers from jorong arund the activity
location.

625
 Provide labor education and training programs for
workers of Laboh Geothermal Power Plant and conduct
community development programs,
District.
 During construction stage.
District,
Selatan District,
District,

626
Selatan District,
6.1.3.3.2 Business Opportunity
 Increasing business opportunities.
 Number and proporton of local businesses created
during the operation stage.
prevent or mitigate potential impacts through socio-
economic approach, including:
 Facilitating and helping the communities Nagari Alam
Pauh Duo, Pauh Duo Nan Batigo, and in the surrounding
area for setting up new businesses through CSR
programs,

627
 Conducting entrepreneurship education and training
programs and community development programs for
residents from jorong around the activity location.
 Conducting manpower training in the field of labor-
intensive industry (Presidential Decision No. 28 of
2008 on National Industrial Policy), in particular
training in the fields of creative industries such as
crafts (handicrafts), performance art, interactive
games, and others,
 Utilization of CSR fund shall be further arranged
through agreements among the Company, communities, and
Government.
d. Locations for Environmental Management
District.
e. Period of Environmental Management
operation stage.
f. Institutions for Environmental Management

628
District,
Selatan District,
 Governments of Nagari, local KAN.
District,
Selatan District,
 Changes in community income (economic growth of small
and medium businesses).

629
 Increase of community income due to labor recruitment
in operation stage.
 Determination of wages and salaries in accordance
with Decent Standard of Living (KHL, Kebutuhan Hidup
Layak),
 Conducting community economic development programs
District.
operation stage.

630
District.,
Selatan District,
District,
Selatan District,
6.1.3.3.4 Social Values and Norms
 Changes in social values and norms due to operation
labor recruitment.
 Operational worker recruitment.

631
 Increasing public trust in the Company's commitment to
prioritize local hiring from jorong and nagari that
are directly related to geothermal development
projects.
 Disseminating information concerning labor recruitment
in accordance with the principles of honesty and
transparent justice,
 Initiating and implementing labor recruitment based
on the standards and regulations of the Company,
 Implementing the commitment of prioritizing local
hiring from area that directly related to the
development of geothermal power plant project.
Subdistrict, Sangir Subdistrict, Solok Selatan
District.

632
operation stage.
District,
Selatan District,
 Governments of Nagari, local KAN
District,
Selatan District,

633
 Decrease of negative perceptions toward labor
recruitment in the construction stage.
 Providing skills training for laid-off workers to be
competitive in getting new and better jobs,
 Providing information regarding job opportunities to
the workers laid-off on the completion of Geothermal
Power Plant activities.
Subdistrict and Sangir Subdistrict Solok Selatan
District.

634
operation stage.
District,
Selatan District,
 Governments of Nagari, local KAN
District,
Selatan District,

635
 Public health disorder/deterioration of public health
conditions.
 Drilling of production well and injection well,
production well testing, and operation and maintenance
of well and geothermal power plant.
 Parameter to be monitored is environmental disease
that can cause infection and is related to the
degradation of quality of the environment,
 Sanitation facilities such as clean water supplies,
toilets, healthy house and solid waste management.
 Providing adequate sanitation facilities such as
toilets, toilets, and trash bins around the project
area,

636
 Increasing public awareness of environmental health by
providing educative information directly and
indirectly.
 In the vicinity of the site, including Pauh Duo
District.
operation stage.
District,
 Governments of Nagari and local KAN.

637
District,
 Directorate General of New and Renewable Energy,
and Energy Conservation (EBTKE).
6.1.4.1 Physical-Chemical Components
 Rehabilitation/revegetation.
 Erosion rates are under control and comply with
Decision of the Director General for Reforestation and
Rehabilitation of the Ministry of the Environment No.
041/Kpts/V/1998 (< 15 ton/ha/of).

638
 Technical and vegetative erosion control. For example,
by planting trees perpendicular to flow or parallel to
contours or on open areas that are prone to erosion,
 Continuing erosion and sedimentation management that
have been implemented in the construction and
operation phases.
 Areas prone to erosion along the access road, wellpad
area, and geothermal power plant area no longer used.
post operation stage.
District,
Selatan District.

639
District,
Selatan District,
6.1.4.1.2 Surface Water Runoff Rates
 Changes in surface water runoff rates
 Sediment load entering river is under control and in
accordance with Government Regulation No. 82 of 2001
(<50 mg/L).

640
 Technical and vegetative erosion control. For example,
by planting trees perpendicular to flow or parallel to
contours or on open areas that are prone to erosion,
have been implemented since the construction and
operation phases.
 Areas prone to erosion along the access road, site
area, and around geothermal wells no longer used.
 Environmental Management will be performed during the
District,
Selatan District.
District,

641
Selatan District,
 TSS content in the river is under control = baseline
of TSS in the river is 4 mg/l and < 50 mg/l maximum,
according to the Government Regulation No. 82 of 2001.
 Technical and vegetative erosion control. For
example, by planting trees perpendicular to flow or
parallel to contours or on open areas that are prone
to erosion,

642
have been implemented since the construction and
operation phases.
 Areas prone to erosion along the access road, site
area, and around geothermal wells no longer used.
District,
Selatan District.
District,
Selatan District,

643
 Increasing flora and fauna.
 Land Rehabilitation/revegetation.
 Total land of revegetated area,
 Type of flora planted,
 Success rate of revegetation plant growth,
 The existence of protected plants in accordance with
Government Regulation No. 07 of 1999.
 Conducting revegetation using types of plants suited
to the climatic and soil conditions in open land such
as guava, Ficus sp., and grasses,

644
 Planting the project area using types of plants that
could be used as animal feed,
 Prohibiting animal hunting and capturing and taking
protected flora.
 Monitoring will be conducted in areas where
rehabilitation/revegetation is implemented.
District,
Selatan District.
District,
Selatan District,

645
 Land Rehabilitation/revegetation.
 Changes in the composition of aquatic biota.
 Controlling soil erosion and sedimentation, management
of surface water runoff, and management of surface
water quality.
g. Locations for Environmental Management
 Areas prone to erosion along the former location of
access road, wellpad area, and around geothermal
wells no longer used.

646
District,
Selatan District.
District,
Selatan District,
6.1.4.3.1 Employment Opportunity
 Loss of employment opportunity.
 Termination of employment of operation workforce

647
 The number and proportion of unemployment resulting
from the loss of jobs in the project.
 Disseminating the project closure plan to the workers,
 Disseminating the plan for workforce termination of
employment to the workers,
 Providing fair compensation to employees in accordance
with applicable regulations,
 Disseminating information concerning the end of the
project activities to the workers.
District.

648
District,
Selatan District,
 Government of Nagari, KAN Alam Pauh Duo and Pauh Duo
Nan Batigo.
District,
Selatan District,
 Directorate General of Renewable Energy and Energy
Conservation.(EBTKE).
6.1.4.3.2 Business Opportunity
 Loss of business opportunities.

649
 Termination of employment of operation workers
 Reduced number and proportion of businesses in the
post operation stage,
 The value of compensation provided as a result of
workforce termination of employment being in
accordance with applicable regulations.
 Disseminating the plan for termination of employment
to the workers,
 Providing fair compensation to employees in accordance
with applicable regluations,
 Disseminating information concerning the end of

650
District.
District,
Selatan District,
 Governments of Nagari, and local KAN.
District,
Selatan District,

651
 Changes in community income (decrease of community
income due to termination of employment
 Termination of employment of operation workforce
(compensation provided laying off the workforce
during project activity is in accordance with
applicable regulations).
 Reduced income of the local community due to
termination of employment in the post operation stage.

652
 Disseminating the plan for labor termination of
employment ,
 Providing fair compensation to the employees in
accordance with applicable regulations,
District.
District,
Selatan District,

653
District,
Selatan District,
 Termination of employment of operational workers
 Reduced negative perceptions toward labor termination
of employment

654
 Disseminating the plan for labor termination of
employment ,
 Providing fair compensation to the employees in
accordance with applicable regulations,
District.
District,

655
Selatan District,
District,
Selatan District,
of Solok Selatan District.
 Directorate General of New and Renewable Energy and
Energy Conservation
6.1.5 Management Of Other Impacts
 Solid waste and water waste from Geothermal Power
Plant activities.
 Drilling wells, sump pits, and production wells
(during production test).
c. Indicators of Environmental Management Success.

656
 Wastewater quality meets the applicable standards,
 Comply with applicable regulations on hazardous and
toxic waste management (Government Regulation No. 101
of 2014) .
Domestic Solid Waste
 Dispose solid waste in landfill.
Liquid Waste:
 Treat domestic liquid waste from all activities at the
project area in waste water treatment plants,
 Condensate and brine, produced during the production
test and operation of geothermal power plant, to be
injected through reinjection wells,
 Building sump pits covered with waterproof coating.
Water collected in the sump pits will be used in the
drilling process as drilling mud component and then
will be reinjected to the well.
Hazardous and Toxic Wastes:
 Ensuring equipment and materials used by SEML do not
contain PCBs, asbestos, ODS (ozone depleting

657
substances), and other materials that are prohibited
for use as provided by regulations,
 Neutralizing battery acid and store used lead acid
batteries safely,
 Collecting used oil in drums and hand it over to a
registered hazardous and toxic waste management
company for further treatment,
 Installing secondary containment around flammable and
dangerous materials as needed,
 Periodically conducting training for workers in
handling hazardous and toxic wastes.
 Hazardous and toxic waste temporary storage,
 Waste water treatment plants,
 Non-hazardous and non-toxic waste landfill,
 Wellpads.
 Environmental management will be performed from the
construction stage until the post operation stage.

658
District,
Selatan District,
District,
Selatan District,

659
Table VI-1 Environmental Management Plan Matrix for Geothermal Development Activities for 250 MW Muara Laboh Power Plant by PT Supreme Energy
Muara Laboh
Form of Period of Institution of Environmental Management

Environmental Impact Source of Indicator of Location of Environmental
No Environmental Environmental Implementing Supervising Report Receiving
to be Managed Impact Success Management
Management Management Party Agency Agency
A Pre-Construction Stage
1. Change in land Land Changes in land Environmental In the vicinity of site, During the SEML  Environmental  Environmental
ownership and land acquisition ownership and management including Nagari Alam Pauh pre- Service Office Service Office
tenure activity. Most land tenure do programs need Duo and Pauh Duo Nan construction of Solok of Solok
of the land had not cause to be Batigo, Pauh Duo stage. Selatan Selatan
been acquired conflict in implemented to Subdistrict, Solok Selatan District District.
during the communities. prevent or District.  Government of  Energy and
exploration mitigate Pauh Duo Mineral
stage. potential Subdistrict. Resources
impacts through
 Energy and Service Office
socio-economic of Solok
Mineral
approach, Selatan
Resources
including:
Service Office District.
 Conducting of Solok  Land Agency of
dissemination Selatan South
of land District. Directorate
acquisition  Land Agency of General of New

plans with Solok Selatan and Renewable
reference to District. Energy and
Presidential Energy
 Governments of
Regulation No. Conservation
Nagari, KAN
36 of 2005. (EBTKE)
Alam Pauh Duo,
 Conducting land and Pauh Duo
acquisition Nan Batigo
wisely and
fairly in
accordance with

660

applicable
laws,
especially the
process of
compensation
for land and
productive
plant to
communities.
 Considering the
aspirations of
customary
community
regarding land
acquisition
with land
owners,
district
government,
Nagari and KAN
as well as
Ninik Mamak.
2. Community perception Land Reduced Environmental In the vicinity of site, During the SEML  Environmental  Environmental
acquisition negative management including Nagari Alam Pauh pre- Service Office Service Office
activity. Most perceptions programs need Duo and Pauh Duo Nan construction of Solok of Solok
of the land had towards land to be Batigo, Pauh Duo stage. Selatan Selatan
been acquired acquisition. implemented to Subdistrict, Solok Selatan District District.
during the prevent or District.  Government of  Energy and
exploration mitigate Pauh Duo Mineral
stage. potential Subdistrict. Resources
impacts through
 Energy and Service Office
socio-economic of Solok
Mineral
approach,

661

including : Resources Selatan
Service Office District.
 Identification
of Solok  Land Agency of
of ownership of
Selatan Solok Selatan
the land to be
District. District.
acquired.
 Land Agency of  Directorate
 Conducting land
Solok Selatan General of New
acquisition
District. and Renewable
directly to the
 Governments of Energy and
land owners
Nagari, KAN Energy
through
Alam Pauh Duo, Conservation
negotiation by
and Pauh Duo (EBTKE)
paying
Nan Batigo.
compensation
for the
cultivation of
paddy fields
and
plantation/crop
fields
acknowledged by
Wali Jorong,
Wali Nagari,
Ninik Mamak,
KAN
 Following up
the aspirations
of customary
community
related to land
acquisition

662

1. Changes in air quality Production well  Air quality Environmental  Well drilling and During the SEML  Environmental  Environmental
and injection from fugitive management production testing construction Service Service
well drilling, emissions and programs need to sites, stage Office of Office of
production well dispersed TSP be implemented to  Residential areas in Solok Selatan Solok Selatan
testing, and meet the prevent or the location of project District. District.
construction of standards mitigate potential access. Energy and  Energy and
geothermal (Government impacts through Mineral Mineral
power plant. Regulation technology Resources Resources
No. 41 of approach, Service Service
1999 - TSP including : Office of Office of
ambient Solok Selatan Solok Selatan
 Securing the
standard < District. District.
3 well location
230 µg/Nm ),
and setting a  Directorate
 H2S emission
safe zone limit General of
gas meets the
for surrounding New and
applicable
residents Renewable
standard
according to Energy and
(Minister of
SOP of SEML, Energy
Environment
Conservation
Regulation  Providing
(EBTKE)
No. 21 of safety
2008 - H2S equipment for
emission < 35 workers in the
mg/Nm3), vicinity of the
 Odor level wells,
meets the H2S  Installing H2 S

standard monitoring
(Ministry of equipment at
Environment production test
Decision No. sites,
50 of 1996 -  Maintaining
H2S odor construction
level < 28

663

µg/Nm3). vehicles,
 Slowing the
speed of
vehicles, with
maximum speed
of 30 km/hour,
 Frequently
watering the
road during dry
season,
 Reducing H2 S
emissions by
technical-
economic-
environmental
approach,
 Installing pipe
along the fault
line to avoid
broken pipe
when soil
movement
occurs,
 Installing the
signs for
Occupational
Health, Safety,
and Environment
in accordance
with the SOP.

664

2. Changes in noise level Production well  Noise levels Environmental Environmental management in During the SEML  Environmental  Environmental
and injection meet the management the location of the wells construction Service Service
well drilling, applicable programs to be nearest to the residential stage Office of Office of
production well standards for implemented to area Solok Selatan Solok Selatan
testing. residential < prevent or District. District.
55 dB(A) and mitigate potential  Energy and  Energy and
industrial impacts will be Mineral Mineral
<70 dB(A) based on a socio- Resources Resources
according to economic approach, Service Service
Ministry of including: Office of Office of
the  Providing Solok Selatan Solok Selatan
Environment educative District. District.
Decision No. information for  Directorate
48 of 1996. the communities General of
 For project in the New and
workers, surrounding Renewable
Threshold area. Energy and
Limit Values Environmental Energy
(TLV) for management Conservation
working programs that need (EBTKE)
environment to be implemented
according to to prevent or
Circular mitigate potential
Letter of impacts will be
Ministry of based on a
Labor No. technological
01/MEN/ 97 approach,
(TLV working including:
environment <
 Setting up a
85 dB(A)).
buffer zone for
noise,
 Using of hearing

665

protection
equipment for
workers In the
vicinity of
production test
locations.
 Implementing SOP
related to noise
control
3. Change in Erosion and Land Erosion rates Environmental Areas prone to erosion in Once during SEML  Environmental  Environmental
sedimentation preparation comply with management segments of access road, the Service Service
Decision of programs to be wellpads, and geothermal construction Office of Office of
Directorate implemented to power plant area. stage Solok Selatan Solok Selatan
General for prevent or District. District.
Reforestation mitigate potential  Energy and  Energy and
and impacts will be Mineral Mineral
Rehabilitation based on a Resources Resources
of the Ministry technological Service Service
of Forestry No. approach, Office of Office of
041/Kpts/V/1998 including: Solok Selatan Solok Selatan
(<15  Controlling the District. District.
ton/ha/of). surface water  Directorate
runoff, for General of
instance by New and
building Renewable
trenches to Energy and
direct rain Energy
water flow to Conservation
the catch (EBTKE)
ponds,
 Implementing
technical and

666

vegetative
erosion
control, for
instance by
planting trees
perpendicular
to the water
flow or
parallel to the
contour or in
open areas that
are prone to
erosion,
 Conducting
earthworks
during the dry
season as much
as possible.
4. Changes in surface Land  Erosion rate Environmental Geothermal power plant During the SEML  Environmental  Environmental
water runoff rates preparation comply with management project site area construction Service Service
Decision of programs to be stage Office of Office of
Directorate implemented to Solok Selatan Solok Selatan
General for prevent or District. District.
Reforestation mitigate potential  Energy and  Energy and
and impacts will be Mineral Mineral
Rehabilitatio based on a Resources Resources
n of the technological Service Service
Ministry of approach, Office of Office of
Forestry No. including: Solok Selatan Solok Selatan
041/Kpts/V/19  Controlling District. District.
98 (<15 surface water  Directorate
ton/ha/year). runoff, for General of

667

 Sediment instance by New and

charge that building Renewable
will flow trenches to Energy and
into river is direct rain Energy
under control water flow to Conservation
according to the catch (EBTKE)
Government ponds,
Regulation  Technical and
No. 82 Year vegetative
2001 (<50 erosion
mg/L) control, for
 TSS level is instance by
under control planting trees
= Liki River perpendicular
baseline, to water flow
i.e. 4 mg/L, or parallel to
and < 50 mg/L the contour or
maximum.and in open areas
comply with that are prone
Government to erosion,
Regulation  Conducting
No. 82 of earth works
2001 during the dry
season.
5. Changes in surface Land TSS level in Environmental Geothermal power plant During the SEML  Environmental  Environmental
water quality preparation, the river. is management project site area construction Service Service
production well under control = programs to be stage Office of Office of
and injection TSS baseline implemented to Solok Selatan Solok Selatan
well drilling, for Liki River prevent or District. District.
and production which is 4 mitigate potential  Energy and  Energy and
well testing. mg/L and impacts through a Mineral Mineral

668

maximum < 50 technological Resources Resources
mg/L according approach, Service Service
to PP No. 82 including : Office of Office of
Year 2001  Controlling Solok Selatan Solok Selatan
surface water District. District.
runoff from  Directorate

rain, for General of
instance by New and
building Renewable
trenches to Energy and
direct rain Energy
water flow to Conservation
the catch (EBTKE)
ponds,
 Technical and
vegetative
erosion
control, for
instance by
planting trees
perpendicular
to water flow
or parallel to
the contour or
in open areas
that are prone
to erosion,
 Conducting
earth works
during the dry
season as much
as possible.

669

6. Disturbance to Land Land clearing Environmental In disturbed areas During the SEML  Environmental  Environmental
terrestrial flora and preparation according to management construction Service Service
fauna requirements programs to be stage Office of Office of
implemented to Solok Selatan Solok Selatan
prevent or District. District.
mitigate potential  Forestry  Forestry
impacts through a Service Service
technological Office Office
approach,
 Energy and  Energy and
including :
Mineral Mineral
 Minimizing open Resources ResourcesServ
areas without Service ice Office
vegetation, Office of, of, Solok
 Gradual land SolokSelatan Selatan
clearance in District District
accordance with  Directorate
activity plan, General of
 Relocation of New and
protected flora Renewable
around the Energy and
project site, Energy
Conservation
 Revegetation on
(EBTKE)
open land using
types of plants
suited to
climatic and
soil conditions
in an open land
by using local
plants.
 Reforestation
of activity

670

area by using
types of plants
that could be
used as animal
feed
 Prohibiting
animal hunting
and capturing
as well as
taking of
protected
flora.
 Working
together with
the relevant
institutions to
safeguard
forest
area/TNKS from
illegal logging
activity.
 Replacing trees
that will be
cut in the new
area.
7. Disturbance to aquatic Land Changes in the Environmental Geothermal power plant During the SEML  Environmental  Environmental
biota preparation, composition of management project site area construction Service Service
production well aquatic biota programs to be stage Office of Office of
and injection in open land implemented to Solok Selatan Solok Selatan
well drilling, prevent or District. District.
and production mitigate potential  Energy and  Energy and
well testing. impacts through a Mineral Mineral

671

technological Resources Resources
approach, Service Service
including : Office of Office of
Efforts to Solok Selatan Solok Selatan
minimize District. District.
disturbance to  Directorate
aquatic biota General of
through : New and
 erosion and Renewable
sedimentation Energy and
controls Energy
Conservation
 management of
(EBTKE)
surface runoff
rates
 management of
surface water
(as referred to
in section
8. Increase of employment Labor Number and Environmental In the vicinity of site, During the SEML  Environmental  Environmental
opportunities recruitment proportion of management including Pauh Duo construction Service Service
local workers programs to be Subdistrict, Sangir stage Office of Office of
hired for implemented to Subdistrict, Solok Selatan Solok Solok
construction prevent or District. Selatan Selatan
activities mitigate potential District. District.
impacts through a  Social,  Social,
socio-economic Manpower, and Manpower, and
approach, Transmigratio Transmigratio
including: n Service n Service
 Dissemination of Office of Office of
job openings and Solok Selatan Solok Selatan
skills District. District
requirements for  Energy and  Energy and

672

construction of Mineral Mineral
Muara Laboh Resources Resources
Geothermal Power Service Service
Plant to jorong Office of Office of
around the Solok Selatan Solok Selatan
location District. District.
activity.  Governments  Directorate
 Selection of of Nagari and General of
candidates for local KAN New and
employment and Renewable
recruitment is Energy and
in accordance Energy
with the Conservation
predetermined (EBTKE)
proportion by
prioritizing
workers from
jorong around
the location
activity.
 Education and
training
programs for
workers to be
employed in
Muara Laboh
Geothermal Power
Plant and
community
development
activities
9. Opening up of business Labor Number and Environmental In the vicinity of site, During the SEML  Environmental  Environmental

673

opportunities recruitment proportion of management including Pauh Duo construction Service Service
local programs to be Subdistrict, Kecamatan stage Office of Office of
businesses implemented to Sanngir, Solok Selatan Solok Selatan Solok Selatan
absorbed in prevent or District. District. District.
construction mitigate potential  Social,  Social,
stage impacts will be Manpower, and Manpower, and
based on a socio- Transmigratio Transmigratio
economic approach, n Service n Service
including: Office of Office of
 Facilitating and Solok Selatan Solok Selatan
assisting District District.
communities in  Energy and  Energy and
the surrounding Mineral Mineral
areas in setting Resources Resources
up business Service Service
through CSR Office of Office of
programs, Solok Selatan Solok Selatan
 Entrepreneurship District. District.
education,  Governments  Directorate
training, and of Nagari, General of
other community local KAN New and
development Renewable
activities for Energy and
residents in the Energy
surrounding Conservation
areas, (EBTKE)
 Training for
workers in the
industry that
hire high number
of workers
(Presidential

674

Regulation No.
28 of 2008 on
National
Industrial
Policy,
particularly
training in
creative
industry such as
handicraft,
performance art,
interactive
games etc.
10. Change in Community Labor  Sources of Environmental In the vicinity of site, During the SEML  Environmental  Environmental
income recruitment household management including, Pauh Duo construction Service Service
income other programs to be Subdistrict, Sangir stage Office of Office of
than from implemented to Subdistrict, Solok Selatan Solok Solok
agricultural prevent or District. Selatan Selatan
sector. mitigate potential District. District.
impacts will be  Social,  Social,
 Average level
based on a socio- Manpower, and Manpower, and
of household
economic approach, Transmigratio Transmigratio
expenses
including: n Service n Service
 Determination of Office of Office of
levels of wages Solok Selatan Solok Selatan
or salaries in District. District.
accordance with  Energy and  Energy and
Decent Standard Mineral Mineral
of Living (KHL, Resources Resources
Kebutuhan Hidup Service Service
Layak), Office of Office of
 Conducting Solok Selatan Solok Selatan

675

economic District. District.
empowerment  Governments  Directorate
programs for the of Nagari, General of
community local KAN New and
Renewable
Energy and
Energy
Conservation
(EBTKE)
11. Changes in social Labor Increasing Environmental In the vicinity of site, During the SEML  Environmental  Environmental
values and social recruitment for public trust in management including Pauh Duo construction Service Service
norms construction Company’s programs to be Subdistrict, Kecamatan stage Office of Office of
commitment to implemented to Sangir, Solok Selatan Solok Selatan Solok
prioritize lical prevent or District. District. Selatan
hiring of jorong mitigate potential  Social, District.
and nagari that impacts will be Manpower, and  Social,
are directly based on a socio- Transmigratio Labor, and
related to the economic approach, n Service Transmigratio
geothermal including: Office of n Service
development  Disseminating Solok Selatan Offic eof
projects. the labor District Solok Selatan
recruitment in  Energy and District.
accordance with Mineral  Energy and
the principles Resources Mineral
of honesty and Service Resources
transparent Office of Service
justice, Solok Selatan Office of
 Initiating and District. Solok Selatan
implementing  Government of District.
labor Nagari and  Directorate
recruitment local KAN General of
based on the New and

676

standards and Renewable
regulations of Energy and
the Company, Energy
 Implementing Conservation
the commitment (EBTKE)
of prioritizing
local hiring
from areas
directly
related to the
development of
geothermal
power plant
project.
12. Changes in community Labor release Decrease of In the vicinity of site, During the SEML  Environmental  Environmental
Environmental
perception in construction negative including Pauh Duo construction Service Service
management
stage of perception Subdistrict, Sangir stage Office of Office of
programs to be
Geothermal towards Subdistrict, Solok Selatan Solok Selatan Solok Selatan
implemented to
Power Plant. recruitment District. District. District.
prevent or
activity in  Social,  Social,
mitigate potential
construction Manpower, and Manpower, and
impacts will be
stage Transmigratio Transmigratio
based on a socio-
n Service n Service
economic approach,
Office of Office of
including:
Solok Selatan Solok Selatan
 Providing District. District.
adeaqute skill  Energy and  Energy and
training for Mineral Mineral
workers so that Resources Resources
when they are Service Service
laid off they Office of Office of
are ready and Solok Selatan Solok Selatan

677

competitive in District. District.
getting new  Government of  Directorate
jobs, Nagari, local General of
 Providing KAN New and
information Renewable
regarding job Energy and
opportunities Energy
to workers laid Conservation
off at the end
of construction
of geothermal
power plant
13. Public health Production well No increase in Environmental In the vicinity of site, During the SEML  Environmental  Environmental
disorder/deterioration and injection environmental management including Pauh Duo construction Service Service
of public health well drilling, diseases and no programs to be Subdistrict and Solok stage Office of Office of
condition. production well changes in implemented to Selatan District. Solok Selatan Solok Selatan
testing, and disease prevent or District. District.
Geothermal patterns. People mitigate potential  Social,  Social,
Power Plant around the site impacts will be Manpower, and Manpower, and
construction. location can based on Transmigratio Transmigratio
utilize water technological n Service n Service
resources for approach, Office of Office of
daily needs and including: Solok Selatan Solok Selatan
have easy access  Providing District. District
to health adequate  Energy and  Energy and
services around sanitation Mineral Mineral
the project facilities such Resources Resources
location. as latrines, Service Service
toilets, and Office of Office of
trash bins Solok Selatan Solok Selatan
around the District. District..
project area,  Government of  Directorate
Nagari and General of

678

 Increasing local KAN New and

public Renewable
awareness of Energy and
environmental Energy
health by Conservation
providing (EBTKE)
educative
information
directly and
indirectly
C Operation Stage
1. Changes in air quality Production well  Air quality Environmental  Well drilling and During the SEML  Environmental  Environmental
and injection from fugitive management production testing operation Service Service
well drilling, emissions and programs to be locations, stage Office of Office of
production well dispersed TSP implemented to  Residential areas Solok Selatan Solok Selatan
testing, as meet TSP prevent or adjacent to the access District. District.
well as ambient mitigate potential road to the project.  Energy and  Energy and
emission and standards impacts will be Mineral Mineral
dispersion from according to based on a Resources Resources
cooling tower Government technological Service Service
stack during Regulation approach, Office of Office of
operation stage No. 41 of including: Solok Selatan Solok Selatan
of geothermal 1999 (TSP  Securing the District. District.
power plant. ambient air well locations
 Directorate
standard < and setting a
General of
230 µg/Nm3), safe zone limit
New and
 Emission and for the
Renewable
gas surrounding
Energy and
dispersion community .
Energy
from cooling  Providing Conservation
tower stack safety (EBTKE)
when equipment for

679

geothermal workers in the
power plant vicinity of
is in wells,
operation.  H2S monitoring
 H2S gas equipment
emission installed at
meets the production test
standards sites,
pursuant to  Frequently
Minister of watering the
Environment road during dry
Regulation seasons,
No. 21 of
 Reducing H2S
2008 - H2S
emissions by
emission
techno-economy-
standard < 35
environment
mg/Nm3),
approach,
 Odor levels
 Installation of
meet the H2S
signs for
standards
Occupational
according to
Health, Safety,
Ministry of
and Environment
Environment
in accordance
Decision No.
with the SOP.
50 of 1996 -
H2S odor
level < 28
3
µg/Nm ).
Minimum limit
of human
sense of H2S
gas smell is

680

181 µg/Nm3.
2. Changes in noise level Production well  Noise levels Environmental Working environment and During the SEML  Environmental  Environmental
and injection meet the management wells adjacent to the operation Service Service
well drilling, applicable programs to be residential area stage Office of Office of
production well standards for implemented to Solok Selatan Solok Selatan
testing, and residential < prevent or District. District.
Geothermal 55 dB(A) and mitigate potential  Energy and  Energy and
Power Plant industrial impacts will be Mineral Mineral
operation. <70 dB(A) based on Resources Resources
according to technological Service Service
Ministry of approach, Office of Office of
Environment including: Solok Selatan Solok Selatan
Decision No.  Setting up a District. District.
48 of 1996, buffer zone for  Directorate
 For projects noise, General of
workers,
 Installing Rock New and
Threshold
Muffler to Renewable
Limit Values
reduce noise Energy and
(TLV) for
during Energy
working
production Conservation
environment
test. (EBTKE)
must be
 Use of hearing
complied with
protection
according to
equipment for
Circular
workers In the
Letter of
vicinity of
Minister of
production test
Manpower No.
locations.
01/MEN/ 97
(TLV working
environment <
85 dB(A)).

681

3. Changes in surface Production well TSS level in Environmental Geothermal power plant During the SEML  Environmental  Environmental
water quality and injection the river is management project site area operation Service Service
well drilling, under control = programs to be stage Office of Office of
production well Liki River implemented to Solok Selatan Solok Selatan
testing, as baseline of 4 prevent or District. District.
well as turbine mg/L, maximum < mitigate potential  Energy and  Energy and
and condensate 50 mg/L impacts will be Mineral Mineral
operation. pursuant to based on a Resources Resources
Government technological Service Service
Regulation No. approach, Office of Office of
82 of 2001 including: Solok Selatan Solok Selatan
 Controlling District. District.
surface water  Directorate
runoff from General of
rain, for New Energy,
instance by Renewable and
building Energy
trenches to Conservation
direct rain
water flow to
the catch
ponds,
 Technical and
vegetative
erosion
control, for
instance by
planting trees
perpendicular
to water flow
or parallel to
the contour or

682

in open areas
that are prone
to erosion.
 Whenever
possible
conducing
earthworks
during dry
season.
4. Disturbance to aquatic Production well Reduced impact Environmental Geothermal power plant During the SEML  Environmental  Environmental
biota and injection due to the management project site area operation Service Service
well drilling, changes in programs to be stage Office of Office of
production well composition of implemented to Solok Selatan Solok Selatan
testing, and aquatic biota. prevent or District. District.
well operation mitigate potential  Energy and  Energy and
and maintenance impacts will be Mineral Mineral
and Geothermal based on a Resources Resources
Power Plant technological Service Service
approach, Office of Office of
including: Solok Selatan Solok Selatan
District. District.
 Efforts to
minimize  Directorate
disturbance to General of
aquatic biota New Energy,
through Renewable and
management of Energy
surface water Conservation
quality
5. Opening up of Labor Number and Environmental In the vicinity of site, During the SEML  Environmental  Environmental
employment recuitment proportion of management including Pauh Duo operation Service Service
opportunities local workers programs to be Subdistrict, Sangir stage Office of Office of

683

hired for implemented to Subdistrict, Solok Selatan Solok Selatan Solok Selatan
activities prevent or District. District. District.
during mitigate potential  Social,  Social,
operation stage impacts will be Manpower, and Manpower, and
 Disseminating Solok Selatan Energy and
job vacancies District. Mineral
and skills  Energy and Resources
requirements Mineral Service
for operational Resources Office of
implementation Service Solok Selatan
of Geothermal Office of District.
Power Plant to Solok Selatan Solok Selatan
all jorong in District District.
the surrounding
 Governments  Directorate
areas,
of Nagari, General of
 Selection and local KAN New and
recruitment of Renewable
manpower in Energy and
accordance with Energy
predetermined Conservation
proportions by (EBTKE)
prioritizing
workers from
Nagari Alam
Pauh Duo, Pau
Duo Nan Batigo,
and surrounding
areas,
 Providing

684

education and
training
programs for
labor to be
recruited in
Muara Laboh
Geothermal
Power Plant and
conducting
community
development
programs.
6. Opening up of business Labor Number of local Environmental In the vicinity of site, During the SEML  Environmental  Environmental
opportunities recuitment businesses management Pauh Duo Subdistrict, and operation Service Service
absorbed during programs to be Sangir Subdistrict Solok stage Office of Office of
the operation implemented to Selatan District. Solok Selatan Solok Selatan
stage. prevent or District. District.
mitigate potential  Social,  Social,
impacts through Manpower, and Manpower, and
socio-economic Transmigratio Transmigratio
approach, n Service n Service
 Facilitating Solok Selatan Solok Selatan
and helping the District. District.
communities in  Energy and  Energy and
the surrounding Mineral Mineral
area for Resources Resources
setting up new Service Service
businesses Office of Office of
through CSR Solok Selatan Solok Selatan
programs, District. District.
 Conducting  Governments  Directorate

685

entrepreneurshi of Nagari, General of
p education and local KAN New and
training Renewable
programs and Energy and
community Energy
development Conservation
programs for (EBTKE)
residents
around the
activity
location,
 Conducting
manpower
training in the
labor-intensive
industry
(Presidential
Decision No. 28
of 2008 on
National
Industrial
Policy), in
particular
training in the
fields of
creative
industries such
as crafts
(handicrafts),
performance
art,
interactive
games, and

686

others,
 Utilization of
CSR fund shall
be further
arranged
through
agreements
among the
Company,
communities,
and Government.
7. Changes in community Labor Increase in Environmental In the vicinity of site, During the SEML  Environmental  Environmental
income. recuitment local community management including Pauh Duo operation Service Service
income due to programs to be Subdistrict and Sangir stage Office of Office of
labor implemented to Subdistrict, Solok Selatan Solok Selatan Solok Selatan
recruitment in prevent or District. District. District.
operation stage mitigate potential  Social,  Social,
impacts will be Manpower, and Manpower, and
 Determination Solok Selatan Solok Selatan
of wages and District. District.
salaries in  Energy and  Energy and
accordance with Mineral Mineral
Decent Standard Resources Resources
of Living (KHL, Service Service
Kebutuhan Hidup Office of Office of
Layak), Solok Selatan Solok Selatan
 Conducting District. District.
economic  Governments  Directorate
empowerment of Nagari and General of

687

programs for local KAN New and
the communiithy Renewable
Energy and
Energy
Conservation
(EBTKE)
8 Changes in social Operational Increasing Environmental In the vicinity of the During the SEML  Environmental  Environmental
values and social worker public trust in management site, including, Pauh Duo operation Service Service
norms as a result of recuitment the Company's programs to be Subdistrict and Sangir stage Office of Office of
operational worker commitment to implemented to Subdistrict, Solok Selatan Solok Selatan Solok Selatan
recruitment prioritize prevent or District. District. District.
hiring locally mitigate potential  Social,  Social,
or from jorong impacts will be Manpower,and Manpower, and
and nagari that based on a socio- Transmigratio Transmigratio
are directly economic approach, n Service n Service
related to including: Office of Office of
geothermal Solok Selatan Solok Selatan
 Disseminating
development District. District.
information
project.
concerning  Energy and  Energy and
labor Mineral Mineral
recruitment in Resources Resources
accordance with Service Service
the principles Office of Office of
of honesty and Solok Selatan Solok Selatan
transparent District. District
justice,  Governments  Directorate
 Initiating and of Nagari and General of
implementing local KAN New and
labor Renewable
recruitment Energy and
based on the Energy
standards and Conservation

688

regulations of (EBTKE)
the Company,
 Implementing
the commitment
of prioritizing
local hiring
from area that
directly
related to the
development of
geothermal
power plant
project.
9. Changes in community Labor Decrease in Environmental In the vicinity of site, During the SEML  Environmental  Environmental
perception recruitment negative management including Pauh Duo operation Service Service
perceptions of programs to be Subdistrict and Sangir stage Office of Office of
recruitment implemented to Subdistrict, Solok Selatan Solok Selatan Solok Selatan
activity in prevent or District. District. District
operation stage mitigate potential  Government of  Energy and
impacts will be Pauh Duo Mineral
based on a socio- Subdistrict Resources
economic approach, Service
 Energy and
including: Office of
Mineral
 Providing Resources Solok Selatan
skills training Service District.
for laid-off Office of  Land Agency
workers to be Solok Selatan of Solok
competitive in District. Selatan
getting new and  Land Agency District.
better jobs, of Solok  Directorate
 Providing Selatan General of
information District. New and

689

regarding job  Governments Renewable
opportunities of Nagari and Energy and
to the workers local KAN Energy
laid-off as Conservation
PLTP activities (EBTKE)
have been
completed.

690

10. Public health Drilling of  Parameter to Environmental In the vicinity of site, During the SEML  Environmental  Environmental
disorder/deterioration production well be monitored management including, Pauh Duo operation Service Service
of public health and injection is programs to be Subdistrict and Sangir stage Office of Office of
conditions. well, environmental implemented to Subdistrict, Solok Selatan Solok Selatan Solok Selatan
production well based disease prevent or District District District
testing, and that can mitigate potential  Social,  Energy and
operation and cause impacts will be Labor,and Mineral
maintenance of infection and based on a Transmigratio Resources
well and is related to technological n Service Service
geothermal degradation approach, Office of Office of
power plant. of including: Solok Selatan Solok Selatan
environment  Providing District District
quality, adequate  Energy and  Health
 Sanitation sanitation Mineral Service
facilities facilities such Resources Office of
such as clean as latrines, Service Solok Selatan
water toilets, and Office of District
supplies, trash bins Solok Selatan  Directorate
latrines, around the District General of
healthy house project areas,
 Government of New and
and garbage  Increasing Nagari and Renewable
management. public local KAN. Energy and
awareness of Energy
environmental Conservation
health by (EBTKE)
providing
educative
information
directl and
indirectly
D Post Operation Stage
1. Changes in erosion and Rehabilitation/ Erosion rates Environmental Areas prone to erosion During the SEML  Environmental  Environmental

691

sedimentation revegetation are under management along the access road, post- Service Service
control and programs to be wellpad area, and area of operation Office of Office of
comply with implemented to geothermal power plant no stage Solok Selatan Solok Selatan
Decision of prevent or longer used. District. District.
Director mitigate potential  Energy and  Energy and
General for impacts will be Mineral Mineral
Reforestation based on a Resources Resources
and technological Service Service
Rehabilitation approach, Office of Office of
of Ministry of including: Solok Selatan Solok Selatan
Forestry No.  Technical and District. District.
041/Kpts/V/1998 vegetative  Directorate
(< 15 erosion control General of
ton/ha/of). for example, by New and
planting trees Renewable
perpendicular Energy and
to flow or Energy
parallel to Conservation
contours or on (EBTKE)
open areas that
are prone to
erosion,
 Continuing
erosion and
sedimentation
management that
have been
implemented in
the
construction
and operation
phases.

692

2. Changes in surface Rehabilitation/ Sediment charge Areas prone to erosion During the SEML  Environmental  Environmental
Environmental
water runoff revegetation entering river along the access road, post- Service Service
management
is under wellpad area, and operation Office of Office of
programs to be
control and in geothermal power plant stage Solok Selatan Solok Selatan
implemented to
accordance with area no longer used. District. District.
prevent or
Governement  Energy and  Energy and
mitigate potential
Regulation No. Mineral Mineral
impacts will be
82 of 2001 (<50 Resources Resources
based on a
mg/L). Service Service
technological
Office of Office of
approach,
including:
District. District.
 Tecnical and
 Directorate
vegetative
General of
erosion
New and
control. For
Renewable
example, by
Energy and
planting trees
Energy
perpendicular
Conservation
to flow or
(EBTKE)
parallel to
contours or on
open areas that
are prone to
erosion,
 Continuing
erosion and
sedimentation
management that
have been
implemented
since the

693

construction
and operation
phases.
3. Changes in surface Rehabilitation/ TSS levels in Areas prone to erosion During the SEML  Environmental  Environmental
Environmental
water quality revegetation the river being along the access road, post- Service Service
management
under control = wellpad area, and operation Office of Office of
programs to be
Liki River geothermal power plant stage Solok Selatan Solok Selatan
implemented to
baseline of 4 area no longer used. District. District.
prevent or
mg/L, maximum <  Energy and  Energy and
mitigate potential
50 mg/L Mineral Mineral
impacts will be
pursuant to Resources Resources
based on a
Government Service Service
technological
Regulation No. Office of Office of
approach,
82 of 2001 Solok Selatan Solok Selatan
including:
District. District.
 Controlling the
 Directorate
technical and
General of
vegetative
New and
erosion. For
Renewable
example, by
Energy and
planting trees
Energy
perpendicular
Conservation
to flow or
(EBTKE)
parallel to
contours or on
open areas that
are prone to
erosion,
 Continuing
erosion and
sedimentation
management that

694

have been
implemented
since the
construction
and operation
stages.
4. Increasing terrestrial Rehabilitation/  Total land of In areas where the During the SEML  Environmental  Environmental
Environmental
flora and fauna revegetation revegetated rehabilitation/revegetation post- Service Service
management
area, is done operation Office of Office of
programs to be
 Type of stage Solok Selatan Solok Selatan
implemented to
flora/vegetat District. District.
prevent or
ion planted,  Energy and  Energy and
mitigate potential
and Mineral Mineral
impacts will be
Resources Resources
 Success rate based on a
Service Service
of technological
Office of Office of
revegetation approach,
plant growth, including:
District. District.
 The existence
 Conducting  Directorate
of protected
revegetation General of
plants in
using types of New and
accordance
plants suited Renewable
with
to the climatic Energy and
Government
and soil Energy
Regulation
conditions, Conservation
No. 07 of
such as guava, (EBTKE)
1999.
Ficus sp., and
grasses,
 Planting the
project area
using types of
plants that

695

could be used
as animal feed,
 Prohibiting
animal hunting
and capturing
and taking
protected
flora.
5. Disturbance on aquatic Rehabilitation/ Changes in the Areas prone to erosion During the SEML  Environmental  Environmental
Environmental
biota revegetation composition of along the access road, post- Service Service
management
aquatic biota wellpad area, and operation Office of Office of
programs to be
geothermal power plant stage Solok Selatan Solok Selatan
implemented to
area no longer used. District. District.
prevent or
 Energy and  Energy and
mitigate potential
Mineral Mineral
impacts will be
Resources Resources
based on a
Service Service
technological
Office of Office of
approach,
including:
District. District.
 Efforts to
 Directorate
minimize
General of
disturbance to
New and
aquatic biota
Renewable
is through Soil
Energy and
erosion and
Energy
sedimentation
Conservation
control,
(EBTKE)
management of
surface water
runoff, and
management of

696

surface water
quality.
6. Loss of employment Termination of The number and Environmental In the vicinity of site, During the SEML  Environmental  Environmental
opportunity employment of proportion of management including Pauh Duo post- Service Service
operations unemployment programs to be Subdistrict and Sangir operation Office of Office of
labor resulting from implemented to Subdistrict, Solok Selatan stage Solok Selatan Solok Selatan
the loss of prevent or District. District. District.
jobs in the mitigate potential  Social,  Social,
project. impacts will be Manpower, and Manpower, and
 Disseminating Solok Selatan Solok Selatan
the project District. District.
closure plan to  Energy and  Energy and
the workers, Mineral Mineral
 Disseminating Resources Resources
the plan for Service Service
labor Office of Office of
termination of Solok Selatan Solok Selatan
employment , District. District.
 Providing fair  Governments  Directorate
compensation to of Nagari and General of
employees in local KAN New and
accordance with Renewable
applicable Energy and
regulations, Energy
 Disseminating Conservation
information (EBTKE)
concerning the
end of the
project

697

activities to
the workers.
7. Loss of business Termination of  Reduced Environmental In the vicinity of site, During the SEML  Environmental  Environmental
opportunity employment of number and management including Pauh Duo post- Service Service
operations proportion of programs to be Subdistrict, Sangir operation Office of Office of
labor businesses in implemented to Subdistricti, Solok Selatan stage Solok Selatan Solok Selatan
the post prevent or District.. District. District.
operation mitigate potential  Social,  Social,
stage, impacts will be Manpower, and Manpower, and
based on a socio-
 Amounts of Transmigratio Transmigratio
compensation
provided as a
result of  Disseminating Solok Selatan Solok Selatan
termination the project District. District.
of employment closure plan to  Energy and  Energy and
is in the workers, Mineral Mineral
accordance  Socializing the Resources Resources
with plan for labor Service Service
applicable termination of Office of Office of
regulations. employment , Solok Selatan Solok Selatan
 Providing fair District. District.
compensation to  Governments  Directorate
employees in of Nagari, General of
accordance with KAN Alam Pauh New and
applicable Duo and Pauh Renewable
reguations, Duo Nan Energy and
 Disseminating Batigo Energy
information Conservation
concerning the (EBTKE)
end of project
activities to
the workers.

698

8. Changes in community termination of The decreased Environmental In the vicinity of site, During the SEML  Environmental  Environmental
income (decrease in employmnent of local community management including Pauh Duo post- Service Service
community income due operation labor income due to programs to be Subdistrict, Sangir operation Office of Office of
to termination of termination of implemented to Subdistrict, Solok Selatan stage Solok Selatan Solok Selatan
employment. employment in prevent or District. District. District.
the post mitigate potential  Social,  Social,
operation stage. impacts will be Manpower, and Manpower, and
labor Office of Office of
termination of Solok Selatan Solok Selatan
employment , District. District.
 Providing fair  Governments  Directorate
compensation to of Nagari, General of
the employees KAN Alam Pauh New and
in accordance Duo and Pauh Renewable
with applicable Duo Nan Energy and
regulations, Batigo Energy
 Disseminating Conservation
information (EBTKE)
concerning the
end of project
activities to
the workers.
9. Changes in community Termination of Decreasing in Environmental In the vicinity of site, During the SEML  Environmental  Environmental

699

perception employmnent negative management including Pauh Duo post- Service Service
perceptions programs to be Subdistrict, Sangir operation Office of Office of
due to implemented to Subdistrict, Solok Selatan stage Solok Selatan Solok Selatan
termnation of prevent or District. District. District.
employment of mitigate potential  Social,  Social,
operation labor impacts will be Manpower, and Manpower, and
termination of Office of Office of
employment , Solok Selatan Solok Selatan
 Providing fair District. District.
compensation to  Government of  Directorate

the employees Nagari, KAN General of
in accordance Alam Pauh Duo New and
with applicable and Pauh Duo Renewable
reguations, Nan Batigo Energy and
 Disseminating Energy
information Conservation
concerning the (EBTKE)
end of project
activities to
the workers.
E. Management of Other Impacts

1. Heavy metals and Drilling wells,  Wastewater Environmental  Hazardous waste From SEML  Environmental  Environmental
hazardous and toxic sump pits, and quality meets management construction Service Service

700

materials production the programs to be temporary storages, stage until Office of Office of
wells, which applicable implemented to post Solok Selatan Solok Selatan
 Liquid Waste Treatment
potentially standards, prevent or operation District. District.
Plant,
produce  Comply with mitigate potential stage  Energy and  Energy and
hazardous and applicable impacts will be  Non-Hazardous and Toxic Mineral Mineral
toxic waste and Waste disposal area,
provisions of based on a Resources Resources
non-hazardous hazardous and technological  Wellpads. Service Service
non toxic toxic waste approach, Office of Office of
waste management including: Solok Selatan Solok Selatan
(Government Domestic Solid District. District.
Regulation Waste  Directorate  Directorate
No. 101 of  Disposing of General of General of
2014. solid waste in New and New and
landfill. Renewable Renewable
Energy and Energy and
Liquid waste:
Energy Energy
 Treat domestic
Conservation Conservation
liquid waste
(EBTKE) (EBTKE)
from all
activities at
the project
area in liquid
waste treatment
plants,
 Condensate and
brine, produced
during the
production and
operational
testing of
geothermal
power plant, to
be injected

701

into injection
wells,
 Building sump
pits covered
with waterproof
coating. Water
collected in
the sump pits
will be used in
the drilling
process as
drilling mud
component and
then will be
reinjected into
the injection
well.
Hazardous and
Toxic Waste:
 Ensuring
equipment and
materials used
by SEML do not
contain PCBs,
asbestos, ODS
(ozone
depleting
substances),
and other
materials that
are prohibited
for use as

702

provided by
regulations,
 Neutralizing
battery acid
and store used
lead acid
batteries
safely,
 Collecting used
oil in drums
and hand it
over to a
registered
hazardous waste
management
company for
further
treatment,
 Takings in
drilling mud
will be
collected in
sump pits,
 Installing
secondary
containment
around
flammable and
dangerous
materials as
needed,

703

 Utilizing the
drill taking
after the
permit for
utilization is
issued by the
authorized
agency,
 Periodically
conducting
training for
workers in
handling
hazardous and
toxic wastes.

704
6.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN
6.2.1 Pre-Construction Stage
6.2.1.1.1 Land Tenure
a. Type of Impact
 Changes in land tenure.
b. Indicator / Parameter to be Monitored
 One of the indicators for successful monitoring is
that the changes in land tenure will not cause
conflict.
c. Sources of Impact
 Land acquisition.
d. Data Collection Methods and Analysis
 Data collection done through observations and
interviews,
 Data analysis performed with comparative and
descriptive qualitative methods.
e. Location of Environmental Monitoring
 Nagari Alam Pauh Duo and Pauh Duo Nan Batigo, Pauh Duo
Subdistrict.
f. Timing and Frequency of Environmental Monitoring

705
 Environmental monitoring will be carried out once
during the pre-construction stage.
g. Institutions for Environmental Monitoring
District,
 Government of Pauh Duo Subdistrict
Selatan District,
District,
Selatan District,
a. Type of Impact

706
b. Indicator/Parameter to be Monitored
 Decrease in negative perceptions on land acquisition.
 Land acquisition.
d. Data Collection Method and Analysis
 Data collection done through observations and
interviews,
 Nagari Alam Pauh Duo and Pauh Duo Nan Batigo, Pauh Duo
Subdistrict, Solok Selatan District
Timing and Frequency of Environmental Monitoring
during the pre-construction stage.
District,

707
Selatan District,
District,
Selatan District,
Energy Conservation.
a. Type of Impact
b. Indicators/Parameters to be Monitored
meet the standards pursuant to Government Regulation
No. 41 of 1999 (TSP ambient air standard < 230
µg/Nm3),

708
 H2S emission gas meets the standard pursuant to
Minister of Environment Regulation No. 21 of 2008 H2S
emission standards ( < 35 mg/Nm3),
 Odor level meets the H2S standards pursuant to
Minister of Environment Decision No. 50 of 1996 (H2S
odor level < 28 µg/Nm3).
 Well production and injection well drilling,
production well testing, and emission and dispersion
from cooling tower stack during PLTP operation.
 Ambient air measurement with TSP sampling in ambient
air using high volume sampler,
 Data analysis using SNI 19-7119.3-2005 method,
 Ambient H2S measurement.
e. Locations of Environmental Monitoring
 Residential area in the location of project’s access
road,
 H2S gas in ambient air at a distance of:
- > 500 m from cooling tower,
- >1,000 m from cooling tower.

709
 Environmental management will be carried out twice a
year during the construction stage
District,
Selatan District.
District,
Selatan District,
6.2.2.1.2 Noise Level
a. Type of Impact
 Changes in noise level.
b. Indicators /Parameters to be Monitored
 Noise levels meet the standards for residential area <
55 dB(A) and industrial area <70 dB(A) pursuant to

710
Decision of the Minister of the Environment No. 48 of
1996,
 For projects workers, Threshold Limit Values (TLV) for
Minister of Manpower No. 01/MEN/ 97 (TLV working
 Production well and injection well drilling, and
 Noise level measurements using sound level meter,
 Data analysis in accordance with Regulation of the
Minister of the Environment No. 48 of 1996.
 Noise level measurements in residential area located
in project’s access road,
 Noise level measurement in PLTP within the work
environment of the Geothermal Power Plant and the
wellpads nearest the residential area.
 Environmental monitoring will be carried out during
construction stage

711
 Frequency of the monitoring is twice a year during the
construction stage.
District,
Selatan District.
District,
Selatan District,
a. Types of Impacts
 Erosion rate is under control and in accordance with
Decision of Directorate General for Reforestation and

712
Rehabilitation of the Ministry of Forestry No.
041/Kpts/V/1998 (<15 ton/ha/of).
 Land erosion measurement using small square method,
 Rainfall monitoring.
 Areas prone to erosion along access road, well pad,
and geothermal power plant area.
construction stage.
 Frequency of monitoring is twice a year during the
construction period/stage
District,
Selatan District.

713
District,
Selatan District,
6.2.2.1.4 Surface Water Runoff
a. Type of Impact
 Changes in surface water runoff.
b. Indicators/ Parameter to be Monitored
 Sediment charge that will flow into the river is under
control according to Government Regulation No. 82 of
2001 (<50 mg/L).
 Sediment charge sampling is taken in inlet and outlet
of the catch pond, and laboratory analysis for Total
Suspended Solids (TSS) uses SNI 06-6989.3-2004 method,
and simultaneously the effectiveness of the catch
ponds is to be determined.

714
e. Locations for Environmental Monitoring
 Sediment charge in PLTP project sites,
 Inlet and outlet of the catch ponds, representing
sediment that can be well managed.
construction stage.
 Frequency of environmental monitoring is twice, once
during wet season and once during dry seson during
land preparation
District,
Selatan District.
District,
Selatan District,

715
a. Type of Impact
 TSS level in the river is under control = Liki River
 Land preparation,
 TSS in river sampling,
 Suspended Residue Sampling (TSS), then laboratory
analysis using SNI 06-6989.3-2004 method.
 Sediment charge from Geothermal Power Plant project
sites.
 Inlet and outlet of catch pond, representing sediment
that can be well managed,

716
 TSS sampling from Bangko Jernih River, Bangko Keruh
River, and Liki River at:
- Outfall,
- 20 m upstream of outfall,
- 100 m downstream of outfall,
representing sediment that has passed into the river.
construction stage.
 Monitoring frequency will be twice a year during the
construction stage.
District,
Selatan District.
District,

717
Selatan District,
a. Type of Impact
 Open land as needed.
 Data collection method through inventory/direct
observation on the area to be cleared and revegetated.
 Data analysis through vegetation analysis.
 Environmental monitoring of the revegetated sites.
construction stage after land preparation phase.

718
 Frequence is twice a year during construction stage.
District,
Selatan District,
 Forestry Service Office of Solok Selatan District.
District,
Selatan District,
 Forestry Service Office of Solok Selatan District,
a. Type of Impact
b. Indicators/Paramaters to be Monitored

719
 Changes in aquatic biota composition in the land to be
cleared.
 Changes in aquatic biota composition.
 Land preparation,
 Data analysis number of types, composition, abundance,
and diversity of plankton and benthos
 Rivers near activity locations (Bangko Jenih, Bangko
Keruh, and Liki River).
the construction stage
 Frequency is twice a year during the construction
stage

720
District,
Selatan District.
District,
Selatan District,
6.2.2.3.1 Job Opportunities
a. Type of Impact
 Job opportunities.
 Number and proportion of local workforce employed
during the construction stage.
 Secondary data collection from HRD of SEML,

721
 In the vicinity of site (Nagari Alam Pauh Duo and Pauh
Duo Nan Batigo).
 Environmental monitoring will be carried out once a
year during the construction stage.
2) Supervising Agencies :
District,
Selatan District,
Duo Nan Batigo.
District,

722
Selatan District,
6.2.2.3.2 Business Opportunities
a. Type of Impact
 Business opportunities.
during construction stage,
 Number and proportion of new business opened during
operation of PLTP Muara Laboh development project.
 Labor recruitment,
 Termination of employment.

723
 In the vicinity of site (Pauh Duo Subdistrict and
Sangir Subdistrict).
District,
Selatan District,
District,
Selatan District,

724
a. Type of Impact
 Changes in community income from labor recruitment
and labor lay off activities during construction
stage.
 Termination of employment
 In the vicinity of project location (Nagari Alam Pauh
Duo and Pauh Duo Nan Batigo).

725
District,
Selatan District,
District,
Selatan District,
a. Type of Impact
 Changes in values and social norms from construction
workforce recruitment.

726
 Changes in social values and norms, and also local
traditions.
 Construction labor recruitment activities,
 Termination of Employment of Construction labor.
 Data recorded from formal and informal meetings with
community figures and members,
 Data analysis performed in comparative and descriptive
qualitative methods.
 In the vicinity of the activity site (Pauh Duo
Subdistrict and Sangir Subdistrict).
District,

727
Selatan District,
District,
Selatan District,
a. Type of Impact
b. Indicators of Environmental Monitoring Success
 Decreased negative perception of workforce
recruitment activity during construction stage,
 Decreased negative perception of production well and
injection well drilling, production well testing
during construction and development of PLTP.

728
production well testing, and development of PLTP.
 Data collection on community perceptions,
District,
Selatan District,

729
3) Report Receiving Agencie:
District,
Selatan District,
a. Type of Impact
 Disturbance to public health/deterioration in public
health status.
b. Indicators / Parameters to be Monitored
 Parameters to be monitored are infectious
environmental disease types impacting to the degrading
of environmental quality,
 Environmental sanitation facilities which include
clean water supply, toilets, healthy house, and solid
waste management.

730
production well testing
 Interviews with the head of projects and secondary
data collection from Community Health Centre
(Puskesmas),
 Interviews with community figures and health clinic
employees regarding environmental disease pattern.
 In the vicinity of site (Nagari Alam Pauh Duo and Pauh
Duo Nan Batigo).
every year during the construction stage.
District,
Selatan District,

731
District,
Selatan District,
a. Type of Impact
meet the applicable standards in accordance with
Government Regulation No. 41 of 1999 (TSP ambient air
standard < 230 µg/Nm3),
 Gas emission and dispersion from cooling tower stack
during operation of PLTP,

732
 H2S gas emission meets the applicable standards
pursuant to Minister of Environment Regulation No. 21
of 2008 - H2S emission < 35 mg/Nm3),
 Odor level meets the H2S standard pursuant to Minister
of Environment Decision No. 50 of 1996 - H2S odor
level < 28 µg/Nm3).
production well testing, and emission and dispersion
from cooling tower stack during operation of PLTP,
 Commissioning,
 Turbine operation and condensate.
 Ambient air measurements with TSP sampling in ambient
air using high volume sampler,
 Data analysis using SNI 19-7119.3-2005 method,
 H2S gas measurement in ambient air
 Residential area located in the project’s access road
 H2S gas in ambient air at distances:
- > 500 m from cooling tower,
- >1,000 m from cooling tower.

733
the operation stage.
 Frequency of monitoring is once every 6 (six) months.
District,
Selatan District.
District,
Selatan District,
Energy Conservation (ETKE).
6.2.3.1.2 Noise
a. Type of Impact
 Changes in noise level.
 Noise levels meet the applicable standards for
residential < 55 dB(A) and industrial <70 dB(A) area

734
according to Minister of Environment Decision No. 48
of 1996,
 For project workers, Threshold Limit Values (TLV) for
Minister of Labor No. 01/MEN/ 97 (TLV working
production well testing,
 Commissioning,
 Turbine and condensate operation.
d. Data Collection Methods and Analysis,
 Noise level measurement using sound level meter,
 Data analysis in accordance with Minister of
Environmental Regulation No. 48 of 1996.
 Noise level measurement in residential area located
in the project’s access road.
 Noise level measurements in PLTP working area and the
wellpad nearest to residential area.

735
 Frequency of monitoring is once every 6 (six) months.
District,
Selatan District.
District,
Selatan District,
6.2.3.1.3 Surface Water Runoff
a. Type of Type of Impact
 Changes in surface water quality
 TSS levels in the river is under control = Liki River

736
production well testing,
 Turbine opeation and condensate.
 River TSS sampling,
 Total Suspended Solid (TSS) sampling; laboratory
analysis using SNI 06-6989.3-2004 method.
 Sediment loads at PLTP project site,
that can be managed,
- Outfall,
f. Timing and Frequency of Environmental Management

737
 Frequency of monitoring is once every 6 (six) months
District,
Selatan District.
District,
Selatan District,
a. Type of Impact

738
production well testing, well and PLTP operation and
maintenance.
 Data analysis number of types, composition, abundance,
 Frequency of monitoring is once every six months.
District,
Selatan District.

739
District,
Selatan District,
a. Type of Impact
 Employment opportunities.
during the operation stage.

740
Kecamatan Sangari).
year during the operation stage.
District,
Selatan District,
District,
Selatan District,

741
a. Type of Impact
 Business opportunities.
 Number and proportion of businesses absorbed during
Sangir Subdistricti.

742
District,
Selatan District,
District,
Selatan District,
a. Type of Impact

743
 Increased local community income from increased
workforce recruitment during the operation stage.
Timing and Frequency of Environmental Monitoring
District,
Selatan District,

744
District,
Selatan District,
a. Type of Impact
 Changes in social values and norms from operational
workforce recruitment.
 Changes in values and social norms, and also local
traditions.
 Labor recruitment activities for operation

745
 Data recorded from formal and informal meetings with
community figure and members,
Sangir Subdistricti).
District,
Selatan District,

746
District,
Selatan District,
a. Type of Impact
 Decreased negative perception on land acquisition and
from labor recruitment activity during operation
stage,
 Decreased negative perception of production well and
injection well drilling, production well testing,
also well and PLTP operation and maintenance.

747
production well testing, and well and PLTP operation
and maintenance.
 Data collection of community perception,
Sangir Subdistrict)
District,
Selatan District,

748
District,
Selatan District,
a. Environmental Impact to be Monitored
 Disturbance to public health/deterioration in public
health status.
 Parameter to be monitored is infectious environmental
disease types related to the impact of environment
quality degradation,
 Environmental sanitation facilities, which include
clean water supplies, toilets, healthy houses, and
solid waste management.

749
production well testing, and well and PLTP operation
and maintenance.
 Interviews with project head and secondary data
collection from community health centre (Puskesmas),
 Interviews with community figures and health clinic
employees regarding environmental disease pattern.
 In the vicinity of project site.
Timing and f. Frequency of Environmental Monitoring
District,
Selatan District,

750
District,
Selatan District,
a. Type of Impact
 Erosion rate is controlled pursuant to Minister of
ton/ha/of).
 Rehabilitation/re-vegetation.
 Land erosion measurement using small square method.

751
 Areas prone to erosion along access road, well pad,
and geothermal power plant area.
every six months during the post operation stage.
District,
Selatan District.
District,
Selatan District,
6.2.4.1.2 Surface Water Runoff Rates
a. Type of Impact

752
 Changes in surface water runoff.
 Sediment charge going into river is under control
according to Government Regulation No. 82 of 2001 (<50
mg/L).
 Sediment loads sampling in inlet and outlet of catch
pond, and laboratory analysis for Total Suspended
Solids (TSS) using SNI 06-6989.3-2004 method, as well
as determining the effectiveness of the catch pond.
 Sediment loads at PLTP project site,
that can be well managed.

753
District,
Selatan District.
District,
Selatan District,
a. Type of Impact
 TSS levels in the river are under control = Liki
River baseline of 4 mg/L, maximum < 50 mg/L pursuant
to Government Regulation No. 82 of 2001

754
 TSS river sampling,
 TSS laboratory analysis using SNI 06-6989.3-2004
method.
- Outfall,
f. Timing and Frequency of Environmental Management
District,
Selatan District.

755
District,
Selatan District,
a. Type of Impact
 Re-vegetated area, type of planted flora/vegetation,
and success rate of re-vegetated plant growth,
presence of protected flora refers to Government
Regulation No. 07 of 1999, and diversity index.
 Data collection method through inventory/direct
observation on the area to be revegetated.
 Data analysis through vegetation analysis.

756
 Monitoring at all rehabilitated/re-vegetated areas.
District,
Selatan District.
District,
Selatan District,
a. Type of Impact

757
 Data analysis of the types, composition, abundance,
District,
Selatan District.

758
District,
Selatan District,
a. Type of Impact
 Decrease in job opportunities.
b. Indicators of Environmental Management Success
 Number and proportion of unemployment as a result of
workforce layoff from project activity.
 Termination of Employment.

759
year during the post operation stage.
District,
Selatan District,
District,
Selatan District,

760
Energy Conservation. (EBTKE).
a. Type of Impact
 Decrease in business opportunities.
 Decreasing number and proportion of businesses during
the post operation stage.

761
District,
Selatan District,
Duo Nan Batigo.
District,
Selatan District,
a. Type of Impact

762
 Decreased community income from workforce lay off
activities during the post operation stage.
c. Source of Impact
 In the vicinity of project location (Pauh Duo
Subdistrict and Sangir Subdistrict).
District,
Selatan District,

763
 Social, Manpower, and Transmigration Service Offfice
District,
Selatan District,
 Social, Manpower, and Transmigration Service Offfice
a. Environmental Impact to be Monitored
 Decreased negative perception to closure activities
for production well, injection well, pipeline
demobilization and demobilization of supporting
facilities and PLTP at post operation stage,
 Decreased negative perceptions of workforce layoff
activity during the post operation stage.

764
 Closure of production well, injection well,
demobilization of pipeline and supporting facilities,
also Geothermal Power Plant demobilization.
 In the vicinity of project locations (Pauh Duo
Subdistrict and Kecamatan Sangari).
District,
Selatan District,

765
Duo Nan Batigo.
District,
Selatan District,
6.2.5 Other Impact Monitoring
a. Type of Impacts
 Non-industrial solid waste: type and amount of solid
waste collected, transported, disposed at landfill
and recycled,
 Domestic liquid waste: Biochemical Oxygen Demand,
Chemical Oxygen Demand, Total Suspended Solids and
pH,
 Type and amount of hazardous and toxic wastes and,
 Spills: spills type and amount.

766
 Comply with Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources
Regulation No. 045 of 2006 regarding Drilling Mud
Requirement and Management,
 Comply with the applicable regulation on hazardous
and toxic treatment (Government Regulation No. 18 of
1999 and Government Regulation No. 85 of 1999).
 Municipal solid waste,
 Domestic liquid waste from Liquid Waste Treatment
Plant (IPAL), and
 Any activities producing hazardous and toxic waste
 Measure the amount of solid waste generated by
counting the total number of trucks carrying solid
waste to dispose at landfill,
 Collect, prepare, and analyze water sample from all
domestic liquid waste treatment plant outlets
according to SEML protocol based on SNI, also conduct
measurement of pH, conductivity, and temperature of
water sampling (in situ),
 Monitor that Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) for
the prevention of oil spills is implemented
appropriately.

767
 Monitor that the Standard Operating Procedures (SOP)
for hazardous and toxic waste handling and disposal
is implemented appropriately.
 Domestic solid waste landfill,
 Domestic Liquid Waste Treatment Plant,
 Location for the collection of hazardous and
toxic waste
During construction stage until operation stage:
 Solid waste: every Timing solid waste is disposed
to landfill,
 IPAL: once every six months (twice a year); and
 At the location where hazardous and toxic waste is
collected : once every six months
(twice a year).

768
District,
Selatan District,
District,
Selatan District,
(EBTKE)

769
Table VI-2 Environmental Monitoring Plan Matrix of Geothermal Development Activities for 250 MW Muara Laboh Geothermal Power Plant by PT Supreme Energy
Muara Laboh
Environmental Impact to be Monitored Form of Environmental Monitoring Environmental Monitoring Institution
Data Collection
No. Indicator/Paramete Monitoring Duration Implementin Supervising Report Receiving
Type of Impact Source of Impact Methods and
r Locations and Period g Party Agencies Agencies
Analysis
1. Changes in land One of the Land acquisition.  Data Pauh Duo Once during SEML  Environemntal  Environemntal
tenure. indicators for collection Subdistrict and the pre- Agency of Agency of Solok
successful done through Sangir constructio Solok Selatan Selatan District
management is that observations Subdistrict n stage. District  Energy and
the changes in and  Government of Mineral Resources
land tenure will interviews, Pauh Duo Service Office of
not cause conflict  Data analysis Subdistrict. Solok Selatan
performed  Energy and District.
with Mineral  Land Agency of
comparative Resources Solok Selatan
and Service District.
descriptive Office of  Directorate
qualitative Solok Selatan General of New
methods. District Energy, Renewable
 Land Agency and Energy
of Solok Conservation
Selatan (EBTKE)
District
 Nagari
Government
and local KAN
2. Changes in Decrease in Land acquisition.  Data Pauh Duo Once during SEML  Environmental  Environmental
community negative collection Subdistrict and the pre- Service Service Office of
perception perceptions on done through Sangir constructio Office of Solok Selatan

770
Data Collection
Analysis
land acquisition observations Subdistrict n stage. Solok Selatan District
and District.  Energy and
interviews,  Government of Mineral Resources
 Data analysis Pauh Duo Service Office of
performed Subdistrict Solok Selatan
iwith  Energy and District.
comparative Mineral  Land Agency of
and Resources Solok Selatan
descriptive Service District.
qualitative Office of  Directorate
methods. Solok Selatan General of New
District. Energy, Renewable
 Land Agency and Energy
of Solok Conservation
Selatan (EBTKE)
District.
 Governments
of Nagari and
local KAN
1. Changes in air  Air quality Well production and  Ambient air  Residential Twice SEML  Environmental  Environemntal
quality. from fugitive injection well drilling, measurement area located during the Service Agency of Solok
emissions and production well testing, with TSP in the constructio Office of Selatan District
dispersed TSP and emission and sampling in project’s n stage Solok Selatan  Energy and
meet TSP dispersion from cooling ambient air access road. District. Mineral Resources
ambient tower stack during using high  Gas H2S in  Energy and Service Office of
standard Geothermal Power Plant volume ambient air Mineral Solok Selatan
according to operation. sampler, with distance: Resources District.
Government  Data analysis Service
- > 500 m from  Directorate
Regulation No.

771
Data Collection
Analysis
41 of 1999 using SNI 19- cooling Office of General of New
(Applicable 7119.3-2005 tower, Solok Selatan and Renewable
standard of TSP method, - >1,000 m from District. Energy and Energy
ambient < 230  H2S data cooling Conservation
µg/Nm3), measurement in tower. (EBTKE)
 Emission and ambient air.

gas dispersion
from cooling
tower stack
when Geothermal
Power Plant is
in operation.
 H2S emission
gas meets the
applicable
standard in
accordance with
Minister of
Environment
Regulation No.
21 of 2008 on
appplicable
standard of H2S
emission (< 35
3
mg/Nm ),
 Odor level
meets the H2S
standards in
accordance with
Decision of the

772
Data Collection
Analysis
Minister of the
Environment No.
50 of 1996 (
H2S odor level
(< 28 µg/Nm3).
2. Changes in noise  Noise levels Production well and  Noise level  Noise level Twice SEML  Environmental  Environmental
level. meet the injection well drilling, measurements measurements during the Service Service Office of
applicable and production well using sound in constructio Office of Solok Selatan
standards for testing. level meter, residential n stage Solok Selatan District
residential  Data analysis area located District.  Energy and
area< 55 dB(A) in accordance in the  Energy and Mineral Resources
and industrial with project’s Mineral Service Office of
area <70 dB(A) Regulation of access road Resources Solok Selatan
according to the Minister  Noise level Service District.
Decision of the of the measurement Office of  Directorate
Minister of the Environment in PLTP Solok Selatan General of New
Environment No. No. 48 of working District. and Renewable
48 of 1996, 1996. environment Energy and Energy
 For project’s and the Conservation
workers, wellpad
Threshold Limit nearest to
Values (TLV) residential
for working area.
environment
according to
Circular Letter
of Minister of
Manpower No.
01/MEN/ 97 (TLV
working

773
Data Collection
Analysis
environment <
85 dB(A)).
3. Changes in erosion Erosion rate Land preparation  Land erosion Areas prone to Twice SEML  Environemntal  Environmental
and sedimentation comply with measurement erosion along during Agency of Service Office of
Decision of using small access road, constructio Solok Selatan Solok Selatan
Directorate square method, well pad, and n stage District District
General for  Rainfall geothermal power  Energy and  Energy and
Reforestation and measurement. plant area Mineral Mineral Resources
Rehabilitation of Resources Service Office of
the Ministry of Service Solok Selatan
Forestry No. Office of District
041/Kpts/V/1998 Solok Selatan  Directorate
(<15 ton/ha/of). District General of New
and Renewable
Energy and Energy
Conservation
(EBTKE)
4. Changes in surface Sediment charge Land preparation Sediment charge  Sediment loads Twice SEML  Environmental  Environmental
water runoff flowing into sampling in from wellpads during the Service Service Office of
river is under inlet and outlet of PLTP constructio Office of Solok Selatan
control according of the catch project sites, n stage Solok Selatan District
to Government pond, and  Inlet District
and  Energy and
Regulation No. 82 laboratory outlet of the  Energy and Mineral Resources
of 2001 (<50 mg/L) analysis for catchpond, Mineral Service Office of
Total Suspended representing Resources Solok Selatan
Solids (TSS) sediment that Service District
using SNI 06- can be Office of  Directorate
6989.3-2004

774
Data Collection
Analysis
method, as well managed. Solok Selatan General of New
as determine the District and Renewable
effectiveness of Energy and Energy
catch ponds. Conservation
(EBTKE)
5. Changes in surface TSS level in the  Land preparation,  TSS in river  Sediment Twice SEML  Environmental  Environmental
water quality river is under  Production well and sampling, charge of the during the Service Service Office of
control = Liki injection well  Suspended wellpad area constructio Office of Solok Selatan
River baseline of drilling, production Residue of PLTP n stage Solok Selatan District
4 mg/L, maximum < well testing. Sampling project sites, District  Energy and
50 mg/L pursuant (TSS), then  Inlet and  Energy and Mineral Resources
to Government the outlet of the Mineral Service Office of
Regulation No. 82 Laboratory catch pond, Resources Solok Selatan
of 2001 analysis representing Service District
using SNI 06- sediment that Office of  Directorate
6989.3-2004 can be Solok Selatan General of New
method. managed, District and Renewable
 TSS sampling Energy and Energy
from Bangko Conservation
Jernih River, (EBTKE)
Bangko Keruh
River, and
Liki River at:
- Outfall,
- 20 m
upstream of
outfall,
- 100 m

775
Data Collection
Analysis
downstream
of outfall,
- 200 m
downstream
of
outfall,
representin
g sediment
that has
discharged
into the
river.
6. Disturbance to Open land as Land preparation  Data Environmental Twice SEML  Environmenta  Environmental
terrestrial flora needed. collection monitoring of during the l Service Service Office of
and fauna. method through the site to be constructio Office of Solok Selatan
inventory/dire opened and n stage Solok District,
ct observation revegetation has Selatan  Energy and Mineral
of the area to been carried District, Resources Service
be cleared and out.  Energy and Office of Solok
re-vegetated. Mineral Selatan District,
 Data analysis Resources  Forestry Service
through Service Office of Solok
vegetation Office of Selatan District,
analysis. Solok
 Directorate
Selatan
General of New and
District,
Renewable Energy,
 Forestry
and Energy
Service
Conservation
Office of
(EBTKE)
Solok

776
Data Collection
Analysis
Selatan
District.
7. Disturbance to  Changes in  Land preparation, Data analysis of Rivers near Twice SEML  Environmental  Environmental
aquatic biota aquatic  Production well and number of types, activity during the Service Service Office of
biota injection well composition, locations constructio Office of Solok Selatan
composition drilling, and abundance, and (Bangko Jenih, n stage Solok Selatan District
in the area production well diversity of Bangko Keruh, District  Energy and
to be testing. plankton and and Liki River)  Energy and Mineral Resources
opened. benthos Mineral Service Office of
 Changes in Resources Solok Selatan
aquatic Service District
biota Office of  Directorate
composition. Solok Selatan General of New
District and Renewable
Energy and Energy
Conservation
(EBTKE)
8. Opening up of Number and Labor recruitment  Secondary In the vicinity Once a year SEML  Environmental  Environmental
Employment proportion of data of site (Pauh during Service Service Office of
opportunities local workforce collection Duo Subdistrict constructio Office of Solok Selatan
employed during from HRD of and Kecamatan n stage Solok Selatan District,
the SEML, Sangari) District,  Energy and
construction  Data analysis  Energy and Mineral Resources
stage. performed Mineral Service Office of
with Resources Solok Selatan
comparative Service District
and Office of  Social, Manpower,
descriptive Solok Selatan and
qualitative District Transmigration

777
Data Collection
Analysis
methods.  Social, Service Office of
Manpower, and Solok Selatan
Transmigratio District.
n Service  Directorate
Office of General of New
Solok Selatan and Renewable
District. Energy and Energy
 Governments Conservation
of Nagari and (EBTKE)
local KAN
9. Opening Up of  Number and  Labor recruitment,  Secondary In the vicinity Once a SEML  Environmental  Environmental
Business proportion of  Termination of data of site (Nagari year, Service Service Office of
opportunities local workforce Employment. collection Alam Pauh Duo during Office of Solok Selatan
employed during from HRD of and Pauh Duo Nan constructio Solok Selatan District,
construction SEML, Batigo) n stage, District,  Energy and
stage,  Data  Energy and Mineral Resources
 Number and analysis Mineral Service Office of
proportion of performed Resources Solok Selatan
new businesses with Service District
abbsorbed comparative Office of  Social, Manpower,
during and Solok Selatan and
operation of descriptive District Transmigration
PLTP Muara qualitative  Social, Service Office of
Laboh methods. Manpower, and Solok Selatan
development Transmigratio District.
project. n Service  Directorate

778
Data Collection
Analysis
local KAN.
10 Changes in Increased  Labor recruitment,  Secondary In the vicinity Once a SEML  Environmental  Environmental
. community income community income  Ttermination of data of site (Pauh year, Service Service Office of
from labor employment collection Duo Subdistrict during the Office of Solok Selatan
recruitment and from HRD of and Sangir constructio Solok Selatan District,
termination of SEML, Subdistrict) n stage District,  Energy and
employment during  Data analysis  Energy and Mineral Resources
construction stage performed Mineral Service Office of
local KAN
11 Changes in social Changes in social  labor recruitment  Data recorded In the vicinity Once a SEML  Environmental  Environmental
. values and norms values and norms, workforce termination from formal of site year, Service Service Office of
and also local of employment and informal (Kecamatan Pauh during Office of Solok Selatan
meetings with Duo and Sangir constructio Solok Selatan

779
Data Collection
Analysis
traditions. members and Subdistrict) n stage District, District,
community  Energy and  Energy and
figures Mineral Mineral Resources
 Data analysis Resources Service Office of
performed in Service Solok Selatan
comparative Office of District
and Solok Selatan  Social, Manpower,
descriptive District and
qualitative  Social, Transmigration
methods. Manpower, and Service Office of
Transmigratio Solok Selatan
n Service District.
Offfice of  Directorate
 Governments Energy and Energy
of Nagari, Conservation
KAN Alam Pauh (EBTKE)
Duo, and Pauh
Duo Nan
Batigo.
12 Changes in  Decreased  Labor recruitment  Data In the vicinity Once a SEML  Environmental  Environmental
. community negative  Production well and collection on of site year, Service Service Office of
perception perception of injection well community (Kecamatan Pauh during Office of Solok Selatan
labor drilling, production perceptions, Duo and Sangir constructio Solok Selatan District
recruitment well testing, and  Data analysis Subdistrict) n stage District.  Energy and
activity during development of PLTP. performed with  Energy and Mineral Resources
construction comparative Mineral Service Office of
stage, and Resources Solok Selatan

780
Data Collection
Analysis
 Decreased descriptive Service District.

negative qualitative Office of  Social, Manpower,
perception of methods. Solok Selatan and
production well District. Transmigration
and injection  Social, Service Office of
well drilling, Manpower, and Solok Selatan
production well Transmigratio District.
testing during n Service  Directorate
construction Office of General of New
and development Solok Selatan and Renewable
of PLTP. District Energy and Energy
local KAN

781
Data Collection
Analysis
13 Disturbance to  Parameter to be Production well and  Interviews In the vicinity Once a SEML  Environmenta  Environmental
. public monitored are injection well drilling, with project of site (Pauh year, l Service Service Office of
health/deterioratio environmental and production well head and Duo Subdistrict during Office of Solok Selatan
n in public health infectious testing. secondary and Sangir constructio Solok District
status disease types data Subdistrict). n stage Selatan  Energy and
impacting to collection District Mineral Resources
the degrading from  Energy and Service Office of
environmental community Mineral Solok Selatan
quality, health centre Resources District
 Environmental (Puskesmas), Service  Health Service
sanitation  Interviews Office of Office of Solok
facilities with Solok Selatan District
which include community Selatan  Directorate
clean water figures and District General of New
supply, toilet health clinic  Health and Renewable
healthy house, employees Service Energy and Energy
and solid waste regarding Office of Conservation
management. environmental Solok (EBTKE)
disease Selatan
pattern. District,
 Governments
of Nagari,
KAN Alam
Pauh Duo,
and Pauh Duo
Nan Batigo.
C. Operation Stage
1. Changes in air  Air quality  Production well and  Ambient air  In Once every SEML  Environmental  Environmental
quality from fugitive injection well drilling, measurements residential six months Service Service Office of
emissions and production well testing, with TSP are located

782
Data Collection
Analysis
TSP meet the and emission and sampling in in the during the Office of Solok Selatan
standards dispersion from cooling ambient air project’s operation Solok Selatan District
pursuant to tower stack during using high access road, stage. District.  Energy and
Government operation of PLTP, volume  H2S gas in  Energy and Mineral Resources
Regulation No.  Commissioning, sampler, ambient air Mineral Service Office of
41 of 1999 (TSP
 Turbine and condensate  Data analysis at distances: Resources Solok Selatan
ambient using SNI 19- Service District.
operation. - PLTP fence
applicable 7119.3-2005 Office of  Directorate
- 300 m from
standard < 230 method Solok Selatan General of New
3 PLTP fence
µg/Nm ), District. and Renewable
 H2S gas data
 Emission and Energy and Energy
measurement
gas from Conservation
in ambient
cooling tower (EBTKE)
air
stack during
operation of
PLTP,
 H2S gas
emission meets
the ]standards
pursuant to
Minister of
Environment
Regulation No.
21 of 2008 on
standard of H2S
emission (< 35
mg/Nm3),
 Odor level
meets the H2S
applicable

783
Data Collection
Analysis
standard
pursuant to
Minister of
Environment
Decision No. 50
of 1996 ( H2S
odor level
standard < 28
µg/Nm3).
2. Changes in noise  Noise levels  Production well and  Noise level  Noise level Once every SEML  Environmental  Environmental
level meet the injection well drilling, measurement measurement six month Service Service Office of
standards for and production well using sound in during the Office of Solok Selatan
residential testing, level residential operation Solok Selatan District
area < 55 dB(A)  Commissioning, meter, area stage District.  Energy and
and industrial  Data located in  Energy and Mineral Resources
 Turbine and condensate
area <70 dB(A) analysis in the Mineral Service Office of
operation.
according to accordance project’s Resources Solok Selatan
Minister of with road Service District.
Environment Minister of access. Office of  Directorate
Decision No. 48 Environment  Noise level Solok Selatan General of New
of 1996. al measurement District. and Renewable
 For project Regulation s in PLTP Energy and Energy
workers, No. 48 of working Conservation
Threshold Limit 1996. area and (RBTKE)
Values (TLV) the wellpad
for working nearest to
environment residential
according to area.
Circular Letter
of Minister of

784
Data Collection
Analysis
Labor No.
01/MEN/ 97 (TLV
working
environment <
85 dB(A)).

785
Data Collection
Analysis
3. Changes in surface TSS level in the  Production well and  River TSS  Sediment Once every SEML  Environmenta  Environmental
water quality river is under injection well sampling, charge from six months l Service Service Office of
control = Liki drilling, and  Sampling of wellpad of during the Office of Solok Selatan
River baseline of production well Suspended PLTP project operation Solok District,
4 mg/L, maximum < testing, Residue (TSS) site, stage. Selatan  Energy and Mineral
50 mg/L pursuant  Turbine and condensate then  Inlet and District. Resources Service
to Government operation. laboratorium outlet of the  Energy and Office of Solok
Regulation No. 82 analysis catchpond, Mineral Selatan District,
of 2001 using SNI 06- representing Resources  Directorate
6989.3-2004 sediment that Service General of New and
method. can be well Office of Renewable Energy,
managed, Solok and Energy
 TSS sampling Selatan Conservation.(EBTK
from Bangko District. E).
Jernih River,
Bangko Keruh
River, and
Liki River at:
- Outfall,
- 20 m
upstream of
outfall,
- 100 m
downstream
of outfall,
- 200 m
downstream
of outfall,
representing

786
Data Collection
Analysis
sediment that
has discharged
into the river.
4. Disturbance to Changes in aquatic Production well and Data analysis, Rivers near Once every SEML  Environmental  Environmental
aquatic biota biota composition injection well drilling, total number of activity six month Service Service Office of
production well testing, types, locations Every 6 Office of Solok Selatan
well and PLTP operation composition, (Bangko Jenih, (six) Solok Selatan District
and maintenance. abundance, and Bangko Keruh, months District  Energy and
diversity of and Liki River) during the  Energy and Mineral Resources
plankton and operation Mineral Service Office of
benthos stage Resources Solok Selatan
Service District
Office of  Directorate
Energy and Energy
Conservation
(EBTKE)
5. Job opportunities Number and Labor recruitment  Secondary In the vicinity Once every SEML  Environmental  Environmental
proportion of data of site (Pauh six months Service Service Office of
local workforce collection Duo Subdistrict during the Office of Solok Selatan
absorbed during from HRD of and Sangir operation Solok Selatan District,
the operation SEML Subdistrict) stage District,  Energy and
stage.  Data analysis  Energy and Mineral Resources
performed Mineral Service Office of
qualitative District

787
Data Collection
Analysis
methods.  Social, Transmigration
Labor, and Service Office of
n of Solok District.
Selatan  Directorate
District. General of New
 Governments and Renewable
of Nagari and Energy and Energy
local KAN Conservation
(EBTKE)
6. Increasing business Number and Labor recruitment  Secondary In the vicinity Once every SEML  Environmental  Environmental
opportunities proportion of new data of site (Nagari six months Service Service Office of
businesses collection Alam Pauh Duo during the Office of Solok Selatan
absorbed during from HRD of and Pauh Duo Nan operation Solok Selatan District,
the operation SEML Batigo). stage District,  Energy and

788
Data Collection
Analysis
of Nagari,
KAN Alam Pauh
Duo, and Pauh
Duo Nan
Batigo.
7. Changes in Increased Labor recruitment  Secondary In the vicinity Once a year SEML  Environmental  Environmental
community income community income data of site (Pauh during the Service Service Office of
from labor collection Duo Subdistrict operation Office of Solok Selatan
recruitment during from HRD of and Sangir stage Solok Selatan District,
the operation SEML Subdistrict) District,  Energy and
local KAN.

789
Data Collection
Analysis
8. Changes in social Changes in social Labor recruitment  Data recorded In the vicinity Once a year SEML  Environmental  Environmental
values and norms values and norms, from formal of site during the Service Service Office of
and also local and informal (Kecamatan Pauh operation Office of Solok Selatan
traditions meetings with Duo and stage Solok Selatan District,
community Kecamatan District,  Energy and
figure and Sangari)  Energy and Mineral Resources
members, Mineral Service Office of
 Data analysis Resources Solok Selatan
performed with Service District
comparative Office of  Social, Manpower,
and Solok Selatan and
descriptive District Transmigration
qualitative  Social, Service Office of
methods. Manpower, and Solok Selatan
local KAN
9. Changes in  Decreased  Labor recruitment,  Data In the vicinity Once a year SEML  Environmental  Environmental
community negative  Production well and collection of of site during the Service Service Office of
perception perception on injection well community (Kecamatan Pauh operation Office of Solok Selatan
land drilling, production perception Duo and stage Solok Selatan District
acquisition and well testing, and well Data analysis Kecamatan District.  Energy and
from workforce and PLTP operation and performed with Sangari)  Energy and Mineral Resources
recruitment maintenance. comparative Mineral Service Office of

790
Data Collection
Analysis
activity during and Resources Solok Selatan
operation descriptive Service District.
stage, qualitative Office of  Social, Manpower,
 Decreased methods. Solok Selatan and
negative District Transmigration
perception of  Social, Service Office of
production well Manpower, and Solok Selatan
and injection Transmigratio District.
well drilling, n Service  Directorate
production well Office of General of New
testing, also Solok Selatan and Renewable
well and PLTP District. Energy and Energy
operation and  Government of Conservation
maintenance. Nagari and (EBTKE)
local KAN
10 Disturbance to  Parameter to be Production well and  Interviews In the vicinity Once a year SEML  Environmenta  Environemntal
. public monitored is injection well drilling, with project of site during the l Service Agency of Solok
health/deterioratio environmental production well testing, head and (Kecamatan Pauh operation Office of Selatan District,
n in public health disease types and well and PLTP secondary Duo and stage Solok  Energy and
status. that cause operation and maintenance. data Kecamatan Selatan Mineral Resources
infection as an collection Sangari) District Service Office of
impact of from  Energy and Solok Selatan
environment Community Mineral District
quality, Health Centre Resources  Health Service
 Environmental (Puskesmas), Service Office of Solok
sanitation  Interviews Office of Selatan District,
facilities, with Solok
 Directorate
which include community Selatan
General of New
clean water figure and District

791
Data Collection
Analysis
supplies, health clinic  Health and Renewable
toilets, healthy employees Service Energy and Energy
houses, and regarding Office of Conservation
solid waste environmental Solok (EBTKE)
management. disease Selatan
pattern. District,
 Governments
of Nagari
and local
KAN
D. Post Operation Stage
1. Changes in erosion Erosion rate is Rehabilitation/revegetatio Land erosion Areas prone to Once every SEML  Environmental  Environmental
and sedimentation under control in n measurement erosion along six months Service Service Office of
accordance with using small access road, during the Office of Solok Selatan
Decision of square method. well pad, and post Solok Selatan District
Director General geothermal power operation District  Energy and
for Reforestation plant area. stage  Energy and Mineral Resources
and Mineral Service Office of
Rehabilitation, Resources Solok Selatan
the Minister of Service District
Forestry,No. Office of  Directorate
041/Kpts/V/1998 Solok Selatan General of New
(<15 ton/ha/of). District and Renewable
Energy and Energy
Conservation
(EBTKE)
2. Changes in surface Sediment charge Rehabilitation/revegetatio Sediment charge  Sediment Once every SEML  Environmental  Environmental
water runoff rates that will be n sampling in charge of six months Service Service Office of

792
Data Collection
Analysis
discharged into inlet and outlet wellpad of during the Office of Solok Selatan
river is under of the catch PLTP project post Solok Selatan District
control according pond, and site, operation District  Energy and
to Government laboratory  Inlet and stage  Energy and Mineral Resources
Regulation No. 82 analysis for outlet of Mineral Service Office of
of 2001 (<50 Total Suspended catch pond, Resources Solok Selatan
mg/L). Solids (TSS) representing Service District
using SNI 06- sediment that Office of  Directorate
6989.3-2004 can be well Solok Selatan General of New
method, as well managed. District and Renewable
as determining Energy and Energy
the Conservation
effectiveness of (EBTKE)
the catch pond.
3. Changes in surface TSS levels in Rehabilitation/revegetatio  TSS residue  TSS sampling Once every SEML  Environmental  Environmental
water quality river are under n sampling and from Bangko six months Service Service Office of
control = TSS then it is Jernih River, during the Office of Solok Selatan
baseline for Liki analized Bangko Keruh post Solok Selatan District
River is 4 mg/L using SNI 06- River, and operation District.  Energy and
and maximum < 50 6989.3-2004 Liki River stage  Energy and Mineral Resources
mg/.L according to method. at: Mineral Service Office of
PP No. 82 of 2001 - Outfall Resources Solok Selatan
- 20 m Service District.
upstream of Office of  Directorate

outfall, Solok Selatan General of New
- 100 m
downstream Energy and Energy
of outfall, Conservation.(EBT
KE)
- 200 m
downstream

793
Data Collection
Analysis
of outfall,
representing
sediment that
has passed into
the river.
4. Disturbance to the Re-vegetated area, Rehabilitation/revegetatio  Data Monitoring at Once every SEML  Environemntal  Environmental
flora and fauna type of planted n collection all six months Agency of Service Office of
flora/vegetation, method rehabilitated/re during the Solok Selatan Solok Selatan
and success rate through -vegetated post District District
of re-vegetated inventory/dir areas. operation 
 Forestry Forestry Service
plant growth, ect stage Office of Solok
Service Office
presence of observation Selatan District,
of Solok
protected flora of the area
Selatan  Energy and
refers to to be
District, Mineral Resources
Government revegetated.
 Energy and Service Office of
Regulation No. 07  Data analysis
Mineral Solok Selatan
of 1999, and through
Resources District,
diversity index. vegetation
Service Office  Directorate
analysis.
of Solok General of New
Selatan and Renewable
District. Energy, and
Energy
Conservation.
5. Disturbance to Changes in aquatic Rehabilitation/revegetatio Data analysis of Rivers near Once every SEML  Environmental  Environmental
aquatic biota biota composition. n number of types, locations six months Service Service Office of
composition, (Bangko Jernih during the Office of Solok Selatan
abundance, and River, Bangko post Solok Selatan District
diversity of Keruh River, and operation District  Energy and
plankton and Liki River) stage  Energy and Mineral Resources

794
Data Collection
Analysis
benthos Mineral Service Office of
Resources Solok Selatan
Service District
Energy and Energy
Conservation
(EBTKE)
6. Decrease in Number and Termination of employment  Secondary In the vicinity Once every SEML  Environmental  Environemental
employment proportion of data of site six months Service Agency of Solok
opportunities unemployment as a collection (Kecamatan Pauh during the Office of Selatan District,
result of from HRD of Duo and post Solok Selatan  Energy and
termination of SEML Kecamatan operation District, Mineral Resources
employment in  Data analysis Sangari) stage  Energy and Service Office of
project activity. performed Mineral Solok Selatan
with Resources District
comparative Service  Social, Manpower,
and Office of and
descriptive Solok Selatan Transmigration of
qualitative District Solok Selatan
methods.  Social, District.
Manpower, and  Directorate
Transmigratio General of New
n Service and Renewable
Office of Energy and Energy
Solok Selatan Conservation
District. (EBTKE)
 Governments
of Nagari

795
Data Collection
Analysis
and local
KAN
7. Decrease in Decreasing number Termination of Employment  Secondary In the vicinity Once in six SEML  Environmental  Environmental
business and proportion of data of site months Service Service Office of
opportunies businesses during collection (Kecamatan Pauh during the Office of Solok Selatan
the post operation from HRD of Duo and post Solok Selatan District,
stage. SEML Kecamatan operation District,  Energy and
 Data analysis Sangari) stage  Energy and Mineral Resources
local KAN.
8. Changes in Decreased Termination of employment  Secondary In the vicinity Once a year SEML  Environmental  Environmental
community income community income data of site during the Service Service Office of
due to termination collection (Kecamatan Pauh post Office of Solok Selatan
of employment from HRD of Duo and operation Solok Selatan

796
Data Collection
Analysis
during the post SEML Kecamatan stage District, District,
operation stage.  Data analysis Sangari)  Energy and  Energy and
performed Mineral Mineral Resources
with Resources Service Office of
comparative Service Solok Selatan
and Office of District
descriptive Solok Selatan  Social, Manpower,
qualitative District and
methods.  Social, Transmigration
Manpower, and Service Office of
n Service District.
 Governments Energy and Energy
of Nagari and Conservation
local KAN (EBTKE)

9. Changes in  Decreased  Closure of production  Secondary In the vicinity Once in six SEML  Environmental  Environmental
community negative well, injection well, data of site (Nagari months Service Service Office of
perception perception to demobilization of collection Alam Pauh Duo during the Office of Solok Selatan
the closure of pipeline and supporting from HRD of and Pauh Duo Nan post Solok Selatan District,
production facilities, also PLTP SEML Batigo) operation District,  Energy and
well, injection demobilization.  Data stage  Energy and Mineral Resources
well, pipeline  Termination of analysis Mineral Service Office of
demobilization employment performed Resources Solok Selatan
and with Service District
demobilization comparative Office of  Social, Manpower,
of supporting and Solok Selatan and

797
Data Collection
Analysis
facilities and descriptive District Transmigration
PLTP at post qualitative  Social, Service Office of
operation methods. Manpower, and Solok Selatan
stage, Transmigratio District.
 Decreased n Service  Directorate

negative Office of General of New
perceptions of Solok Selatan and Renewable
termination of District. Energy and Energy
employment  Governments Conservation
during the post of Nagari and (EBTKE)
operation local KAN
stage.
E. Monitoring of Other Impacts
1.  Non industrial  Comply with  Domstic solid waste,  Measuring the SEML  Environmental  Environmental
 Municipal During
Solid waste: Minister of  Domestic waste water amount of Service Service Office of
solid waste constructio
solid waste type Energy and from Waste Water solid waste Office of Solok Selatan
landfill, n stage
and quantities Mineral Treatment Plant (WWTP), generated by Solok Selatan District.
until
collected, Resources counting the District.  Energy and
 Domestic operation
transported, Regulation No. numbers of  Energy and Mineral Resources
Waste Water stage:
disposed at 045 of 2006 trucks Mineral Service Office of
Treatment
landfill and regarding carrying  Solid Resources Solok Selatan
Plant,
recycled, Drilling Mud solid waste waste: Service District.
 Domestic waste Requirement and to dispose at  Well location every Office of  Directorate
water: Management, landfill, (sump pits Timing Solok Selatan General of New
Biochemical  Comply with  Collecting, and mud waste solid District. and Renewable
Oxygen Demand, requirements of preparing, disposal). waste is  Department of Energy and Energy
Chemical Oxygen applicable and analyzing disposed Social, Conservation
Demand, Total hazardous and water sample to Labor, and (EBTKE)
Suspended Solids toxic waste from all landfill Transmigratio
and pH; management domestic n of Solok

798
Data Collection
Analysis
 Hazardous and regulations waste water , Selatan

toxic waste (Government treatment District.
 WWTP:
types and Regulation No. plant outlets
once
quantitities, 18 of 1999 and according to
every
 Spills: spill Government PT SEML
six
types and Regulation No. protocol
months
quantities 85 of 1999). based on SNI,
(twice a
spilled. also conduct
year)
in situ
and,
measurement
of pH,
 At the
conductivity,
location
and
of
temperature,
hazardou
 Monitoring s and
the toxic
implementatio waste
n of Standard collecti
Operating on. Once
Procedures every
(SOP) to six
prevent oil months
spills, (twice a
 Monitoring year)
the
implementatio
n of Standard
Operating
Procedures
(SOP) of

799
Data Collection
Analysis
hazardous and
toxic waste
handling and
disposal,
 Conducting
toxicity
characteristi
c leaching
procedure
tests for
drilling mud,
mud waste,
and drilling
dust.

800
Map VI-1 Locations for Environmental Management and Monitoring during Pre-Construction Stage

801
Map VI-2 Locations for Environmental Management and Monitoring during Construction Stage

802

803

804
Map VI-3 Locations for Environmental Management and Monitoring during Operation Stage

805
No. ML-RSH-LTR.002.I.2015 Jakarta, January 5, 2015
STATEMENT LETTER
The undersigned:
Person in : Priyandaru Effendi
Charge
Position : VP Relations and SHE
Office Address : Equity Tower, 18th Floor, Sudirman
Central Business District (SCBD)
Lot. 9, Jalan Jend. Sudirman Kav.
52-53 Jakarta 12190, Indonesia
Telephone : (021) 5155 222
Number
Faximile : (021) 5155 333
Number
In this matter acting as the Proponent of Geothermal
Power Plant in Solok Selatan District, West Sumatra
Province, hereby declare that:

806
 We will fulfill the commitment of management and
environmental monitoring as specified in these
Environmental Impact Analysis (ANDAL), Environmental
Management Plan (RKL) and Environmental Monitoring
Plan (RPL) documents,
 We are willing to take responsibility in accordance
with the prevailing regulations, if we are proven to
have failed to perform environmental management and
monitoring in a proper manner.

807

Addendum ANDAL RKL-RPL Geothermal Power Plant

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Addendum ANDAL RKL-RPL Geothermal Power Plant

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Draft Addendum Environmental Impact Analysis

(ANDAL), and Environmental Management Plan and

Project Number: 50156-001

INO: Muara Laboh Geothermal Power Project

Geothermal Development Activities for 250 MW

HEAD OF SOLOK SELATAN DISTRICT

WEST SUMATRA PROVINCE

DECREE OF THE HEAD OOF SOLOK SELATAN DISTRICT

ENVIRONMENTAL FEASIBILITY OF THE PLAN FOR THE AMENDMENT TO

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ANALYSIS (ANDAL), ENVIRONMENTAL

MANAGEMENT PLAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN (RKL-RPL)

OF GEOTHERMAL DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES FOR 250 MW MUARA LABUH

GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT (PLTP MUARA LABOH 250 MW) IN SOLOK

SELATAN DISTRICT, WEST SUMATRA PROVINCE BY PT. SUPREME

ENERGY MUARA LABOH

THE HEAD OF SOLOK SELATAN DISTRICT,

Considering : a. that according to Article 50 of

Government Regulation Number 27 of

2012 on the Environmental Permit, in

respect of the plan for the changes of

activities of PT Supreme Energy Muara

Laboh it is necessary to formulate a

document on the Environmental Impact

Analysis (ANDAL), Environmental

Management Plan (RKL) and

Environmental Monitoring Plan (RPL) on

the activities of Geothermal

Development for 250 MW (Mega Watt)

Muara Laboh Geothermal Power Plant

(PLTP Muara Laboh 250 Mega Watt (MW))

in Solok Selatan District , West

b. that the documents of the amendment to

the ANDAL, RKL and RPL for Geothermal

Development activities for 250 MW

Muara Laboh Geothermal Power Plant

(PLTP Muara Labuh 250 MW) in Solok

Selatan District, West Sumatra

Province by PT. Supreme Energy Muara

Laboh is a part of Environmental

Impact Analysis (AMDAL) Study.

c. that pursuant to Government Regulation

Number 27 of 2012 on the Environmental

Permit, any activities and/or business

required to have AMDAL must obtain

[approval under] a Decree on

Environmental Feasibility based on the

Recommendation and the result of the

assessment by AMDAL Assessment

Committee of Solok Selatan District;

d. that based on the considerations as

referred to in letter a, b and c, it

is necessary to establish a Decree of

the Head of the District;

In view of : 1. Law Number 5 of 1990 on the

Conservation of Biological Natural

Resources and its Ecosystem (State

Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia

1990 Number 49, Supplement to State

Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia

2. Law Number 38 of 2003 on the

Establishment of Dharmasraya District,

Solok Selatan District and West