101-150. Discuss the concept of World Englishes.

Enumerate and discuss current debates on World

Englishes. What are the implications of this concept in English and Language Education across Asia?
What is your perception about World Englishes? Do you accept? Reject? Why?

English has evolved globally into World Englishes through both linguistic and sociolinguistic changes in
the language and its social functions and uses.

The term World Englishes refers to the differences in the English language that emerge as it is used in
various contexts across the world. Scholars of World Englishes identify the varieties of English used in
different sociolinguistic contexts, analyzing their history, background, function, and influence.

Languages develop to fulfill the needs of the societies that use them. Because societies contain a diverse
range of social needs, and because these needs can differ across cultures and geographies, multiple
varieties of the English language exist. These include American English, British English, Australian English,
Canadian English, Indian English, and so on.

World Englishes is a term for emerging localized or indigenized varieties of English, especially varieties
that have developed in territories influenced by the United Kingdom. World English refers to the English
language as a lingua franca used in business, trade, diplomacy and other spheres of global activity, while
World Englishes refers to the different varieties of English and English-based creoles developed in
different regions of the world.

For the world, an international language is • a communication tool for people to notice the
championship of human rights. English will remain the dominant • presence among international
languages.

it is salutary to consider that educationally and linguis-tically the promotion of English comes at a certain
cost. The challenge for language education in the region is to consider critically how English is best
taught and best used for pedagogical purposes, within complex multilingual education systems, an issue
requiring sensitivity to local issues and the speci fi c sociolinguistic contexts of diverse societies in the
Asian region.

current issues and debates surrounding Global English(es) such as standards and norms, the native-
speaker ideology, and the educational and economic implications of these debates for the teaching of
English in the world today.

World Englishes stands for the localized varieties of English as they are used or spoken in certain areas.
In the Asian context, the concept was introduced by Braj Kachru. The famous "Three Concentric Circles
of English Languages" attributed to Kachru presents the three circles: Inner Circle with ENL (English as a
native language) member countries; the Outer Circle with ESL (English as a second language) member
countries; and the Expanding Circle with EFL (English as a foreign language) member countries. Examples
of countries belonging to the Inner Circle are USA, UK, Australia, New Zealand and Canada. Outer Circle
are Bangladesh, Kenya, Pakistan, Ghana, Malaysia, Philipinnes and others. And the Expanding Circle is
composed of countries such as China, Indoesia, Korea, South Africa, etc.
Aside from the fact that the Outer and Expanding circles are ESL and EFL speaking respectively, they have
been colonized by some member countries in the Inner Circle making the varieties they speak as post-
colonial. It is then to be understood that people have different linguistic and cultural backgrounds
making intercultural communication a significant variable in communication. These varieties have their
own grammatical, lexical, and syntactic features and should not be considered as errors.

The foregoing discussion only shows how dynamic English is. We

Citations:

The Writing Lab & The OWL at Purdue and Purdue University.©1995-2020 English As A Second Language
/ World Englishes

Bolton K. (August 2012). World Englishes and Asian Englishes: A survey of the field). In book: English as
an International Language in Asia: Implications for Language Education (pp.13-26) | ResearchGate

Khan, A. (May 19, 2014). World Englishes | SlideShare

51-100. Read the lecture on “Your Body Speaks”. Enumerate and discuss completely relevant insights you
gained from reading the handout. How significant is Bodily Movements in the communication process?