Biology - is the science of life.

Its name is derived from the Greek words "bios" (life)

and "logos" (study). Biologists study the structure, function, growth, origin, evolution
and distribution of living organisms. There are generally considered to be at least nine
"umbrella" fields of biology, each of which consists of multiple subfields.
Biology is the natural science that studies life and living organisms, including
their physical structure, chemical processes, molecular interactions, physiological
mechanisms, development and evolution.
 Biology recognizes the cell as the basic unit of life, genes as the basic unit of heredity,
and evolution as the engine that propels the creation and extinction of species.

Framework of understanding
- All the branches of biology can be unified within a framework of five basic
understandings about living things. Studying the details of these five ideas provides
the endless fascination of biological research:

1. Cell Theory: There are three parts to cell theory — the cell is the basic unit of life,
all living things are composed of cells, and all cells arise from pre-existing cells.
2. Energy: All living things require energy, and energy flows between organisms
and between organisms and the environment.
3. Heredity: All living things have DNA and genetic information codes the structure
and function of all cells.
4. Equilibrium: All living things must maintain homeostasis, a state of balanced
equilibrium between the organism and its environment.
5. Evolution: This is the overall unifying concept of biology. Evolution is the change
over time that is the engine of biological diversity.

The Main Branches of Biology

A through C

• Aerobiology is the study of airborne organic particles.

• Agriculture is the study of producing crops and raising livestock.

• Anatomy is the study of the internal structures of living things.

• Bacteriology is the study of bacteria.

A through C

• Biochemistry is the use of chemistry in the study of living things.

• Bioengineering is the study of living things through the means of

engineering.

• Biogeography is the study of the geographical distribution of living

things.

• Bioinformatics is the use of information technology for the study,

collection, and storage of genomic and other biological data.

• Biomechanics is the study of the mechanics of living beings.

• Biological Earth Sciences are the use of earth sciences, such as

geography, in the study of living things.

• Biomathematics is the application of math to the study of living things.

• Biomedical research is the study of health and disease.

• Bio musicology is the study of music from a biological perspective.

• Biophysics is application of physics to the study of living things.

• Biological Psychology is the application of biology to the study of the

human mind.

• Biosemiotics is the study of biological processes through semiotics,

by applying the models of meaning-making and communication.

• Botany is the study of plants.

• Building biology is the study of the indoor living environment.

• Cell biology is the study of the cell as a complete unit.

• Cognitive biology is the study of cognition as a biological function.

A through C

• Conservation biology is the study of preservation, restoration, and

protection of the natural environment.

• Cryobiology is the study of lower than normally preferred

temperatures on living beings.

• Cytology is the study of cells.

Developmental biology is the study of the processes through which an

organism forms.

• Ecology is the study of the relationships of living things to each other

and to the environment.

• Embryology is the study of the formation and development of living

things from fertilization to birth as independent organisms.

• Endocrinology is the study of hormones.

• Entomology is the study of insects.

• Environmental biology is the study of the natural world especially as

affected by human activity.

• Epidemiology is the study of the health of populations.

• Evolutionary biology is the study of the origin and descent of species

over time.

G through M

• Genetics is the study of heredity and the lifelong development of living

things.

• Histology is the study of tissues.

• Helminthology is the study of worms.

G through M

• Hematology is the study of blood and blood-forming organs.

• Herpetology is the study of reptiles and amphibians.

• Ichthyology is the study of fish.

• Integrative biology is the study of whole organisms.

• Lichenology is the study of lichen.

• Limnology is the study of inland waters.

• Mammology is the study of mammals.

• Marine biology is the study of ocean ecosystems.

• Microbiology is the study of microorganisms.

• Molecular biology is the study of biological functions at the molecular

level.

• Mycology is the study of fungi.

Nano biology is the study of biological functions at the nanoscale.

• Ornithology is the study of birds.

• Paleontology is the study of fossils.

• Pathology is the study of diseases, generally in animals.

• Pharmacology is the study of the actions of chemicals on and within

living things.

• Phycology is the study of algae.

 G through M

• Physiology is the study of the normal functions of living things.

• Phytogeography is the study of the land and its plants.

• Phytopathology is the study of diseases in plants.

• Population biology is the study of groups of species.

• Protozoology is the study of one-celled organisms.

• Psychobiology is the study of the biological bases of psychology.

• Quantum biology is the study of quantum mechanics on biological

functions.

• Sociobiology is the study of the biological bases of sociology.

• Structural biology is the study of the molecular structure of biological

macromolecules.

• Taxonomy is the study of the classification and naming of living

things.

• Virology is the study of viruses.

• Zoology is the study of animals.

• Zoogeography is the study of the land and its animals.