Dilution (equation)

Dilution is the process of decreasing the

concentration of a solute in a solution,
usually simply by mixing with more solvent
like adding more water to a solution. To
dilute a solution means to add more
solvent without the addition of more
solute. The resulting solution is thoroughly
mixed so as to ensure that all parts of the
solution are identical.
Diluting a solution by adding more solvent

The same direct relationship applies to

gases and vapors diluted in air for
example. Although, thorough mixing of
gases and vapors may not be as easily
accomplished.

For example, if there are 10 grams of salt

(the solute) dissolved in 1 litre of water
(the solvent), this solution has a certain
salt concentration (molarity). If one adds 1
litre of water to this solution the salt
concentration is reduced. The diluted
solution still contains 10 grams of salt
(0.171 moles of NaCl).

Mathematically this relationship can be

shown by equation:

where

c1 = initial concentration or molarity

V1 = initial volume
c2 = final concentration or molarity
V2 = final volume

Basic room purge equation

The basic room purge equation is used in
industrial hygiene. It determines the time
required to reduce a known vapor
concentration existing in a closed space to
a lower vapor concentration. The equation
can only be applied when the purged
volume of vapor or gas is replaced with
"clean" air or gas. For example, the
equation can be used to calculate the time
required at a certain ventilation rate to
reduce a high carbon monoxide
concentration in a room.

Sometimes the equation is also written as:

where
Dt = time required; the unit of time used
is the same as is used for Q
V = air or gas volume of the closed
space or room in cubic feet, cubic
metres or litres
Q = ventilation rate into or out of the
room in cubic feet per minute, cubic
metres per hour or litres per second
Cinitial = initial concentration of a vapor
inside the room measured in ppm
Cfinal = final reduced concentration of
the vapor inside the room in ppm
Dilution ventilation equation
The basic room purge equation can be
used only for purge scenarios. In a
scenario where a liquid continuously
evaporates from a container in a ventilated
room, a differential equation has to be
used:

where the ventilation rate has been

adjusted by a mixing factor K:

C = concentration of a gas
 G = generation rate
V = room volume
Q′ = adjusted ventilation rate of the
volume

Welding
The dilution in welding terms is defined as
the weight of the base metal melted
divided by the total weight of the weld
metal. For example, if we have a dilution of
0.40, the fraction of the weld metal that
came from the consumable electrode is
0.60.

See also
 Displacement ventilation
Reaction rate
Partial molar quantities
Apparent molar property
Excess molar quantity
Heat of dilution

References

External links
http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ja
01320a004
Easy dilution calculator
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Last edited 11 months ago by RealSanix

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