1QI (Penetrameter) Selection in Industrial Radiography Testing & sigay IMAGE OF ASTM IAI How to select the penetrameter (IQ) for radiography? Or How to ensure that proper sensitivity is there on the radiography fim? 1Q or Penetrameteris used to ensure that the minimum required sensitivity is there on the radiography flim, ‘wnat Is sensitivity? ‘Sensitivity of a radiography fim is the minimum size of discontinuity that can be detected in that radiography flim. How we will ensure that the required sensiivty is there on the radiography flim? This is Cone by using 101 or Penetiameter Most of the codes and specication asks for a minimum sensitty of 2% In the below example you wil understand what is mean by 2% sensitivity. Example -1 ‘You nave to radiograph a plate to piate welded jint of 8mm thickness. The spectation asks for 2% senstiy. Now 2% of 8mm=0.16mm.So in the radiography fim a discontinully of size from 0. 16mm should be visible. n other words, al least the iscontinully starting from the size of 0.16mm should be visible. In olher words ihe minimum size of he discontinuity that should be visible in the radiography fim is of 0.16mm. Now how will you measure that the radiography fim is having minimum 2% sensitvity. We have to use the "Instrument called Ia or Penetameter. 1Q1 is a set of standard wires having standard diameter (Hole type IQ! is also used. In that case it wil be standard thickness plates with standard diameter holes). ‘The IL Is placed on a radiography firm while doing the radiography. The image wil be caught in the fim. Ifthe \wire naving 0.16mm diameter is visible in the radiography film, then we can say that the film is having a sensitivity of this 2%. The IG that is commonly used is of ASTM and DIN standards \We will discuss about how the /Ql is selected based on ASTM standara, Below table (Table 293 7-239 .2 in ASME BPVC Sec V) is the set of ASTM wire type Ii with iis wire diameters. TABLE T-233.2 WIRE IOI DESIGNATION, WIRE DIAMETER, AND WIRE IDENTITY as SSS Wire Wire Wire Wire Diameter, in._(mm)_Idestity Diameter, in_(mm)_Ideatity 00032 (008) oor = a25) ow 0008 © (a1) 2 os 7 0.005 cous) ams = aan) 0003 © (016) 4 vez = ast) 9 0008 = (020) 5 0025 © (44) 10 oma 028) 6 032 n ——— Wire Wire We Wire Diameter in. (mm) entity Diameter, in._(mm) Identity Te ee ee TS od = cz) 2 dae G20) os 6271s aoa) 006s eo) e200 508) 19 0080 (203) 1525035) 20 10 sme 0320S)Now to our above example, select the set of IQ) fo be used. How this is done? nat is tne minimum size of wire to be shown in our radiography flm in our example? Its of 016mm, Select the set of wire having 0.16mm dia wire. Itis inset A’ in the above table and the wire is having 2 identity number of 4 So use this sel a! the time of taking radiography and It that wire is visible (3 wires minimum will be visible hat Is wire of thickness 0. 16mm, 02mm. ‘and 0.26mm will be visible) in the film, then that radiography film is said to be of having 2% sensitivity Example 2: Radiography to be done on a plate with thickness of 52mm with 2 minimum sensitivity of 2%. Now the 22% of 32 that Is 32 x 2/100=0.6¢mm Select the set having a wire of 0.64mm thickness from the table given above. It is set B and wire identity number is 10. tin the radiography film of ine above 32mm thickness plale, the wire with identity number 10 Is visible, we can say that the radiography fim is having 2% sensitivity Now do the reverse process to find out what is the sensitivity of a radiography film. \We have taken the radiography of a 60mm thickness plate and in the radiography fim used set C and the wire vwiih identity number up {0 12 is visible (9 wites will be visible in this radiography film). What is the sensitivity? Find the diameter of the wire having identity number 12. From the table, it is 402mm, Senstivly Diameter of the smallest IO! wire visible x 100 / Thickness of the plate radiographed. So in the above case, Sensitivity = 1.02 X 100 / 60= 1.7% So the sensitivily fs higher than that fs required and the radiography film is acceptable from sensitvily point of viewThe 2% sensitivity is an old method or we can say that a thumb rule for calculating sensitivity. ASME BPVC Section 5 specifies the wire identity number that shall be minimum visible while taking radiography of material with minimum thickness range as in the below table. TABLE T-276 1Qi SELECTION a Finn Se WireTwpe WeleType Evertal — WireType Essential Wie Designation Hole _ Essential Wire Nomi! Sigel! Merial Tike Range, come) us 19.025, 9) or a» ar ‘ ver 023 thoath 0.335064 een 99) oar ” ar 3 (ver 0.373 throw G30 [9 throwh 12.72 war 13 ar 8 Dyer 039 owen 075 (22.7 thaw 39.0) we oor a ar 7 (ve 0.75 rough 3.99 09.0 through 23.4) 2% oar 2 ar 8 (ver 1.09 trove 150 (25-4 though 98 sear 2 ar > (ver 50 troish 2.9 36. hrowth 50.0 oar » 2 a (ver 200 trough 250 (50.0 thrush C3.) war = ay n Over 250 thouth £00 (63. thowth 101.0 soar ar 2 (vee 100 thaseh 6.09 COL6 tog 1524) oar 2 ar B (ve 6.00 tough 6.0 (252.4 thous 2032) oar 0 or a (ver 8.00 eyoHeN 30.00 12032 Heh 2540180 0 or ty Ove 1.00 throtch 12.00 (254.0 rough 308) za 100 ar uv Over 12.90 how 3600 948 Huh 4068) 60a 120 tr a (ver L600 throw 20:00 (4054 rounh 508.9) 200 a 100 zr 2 Please note an interesting fact in this. Up to and including 6.4 mm thickness the IQ identity number that shall be visible is 5 for source side and 4 for fm sige ‘The other important point fo note in the {GI selection is that the IOI shall he made up of the same material as that of the material to be radiographed or the IOI shall be of a radiographically similar material In general, in most cases, fim side radiography is done duc to practicality in doing the settings for radiography.