I. Determine which of the following sets form a basis for R2 or R3.

Justify
1 3 −3
4 12 −2 4
your answer. −2 , −3 −5 , 10
−6 −6 7
−7 7 5

II. Determine which of the following matrices are invertible. Use the minimum
number of calculations possible. Justify your answers.

3 0 0 −1 −3 0
5 7
−3 −6 b. −3 −4 0 c. 3 5 8 -3
8 5 1 −2 −6 3
0 -1 2 1
5 7 2 −1
III. Let A = −3 −6 and B = 5 −2 .

(i) Calculate A.B, A-1, B-1, and (A.B)-1.

(ii) Verify that (AB)-1 = B-1.A-1 ≠ A-1.B-1
−3 −3
IV. If we know that w = −3 is in the subspace generated by v1 = −3 and
10 10
−3
v2 = −3 , can we say that {v1, v2, w} is a linearly dependent set? Justify.
10
−3
V. Determine whether p = −3 is in Col (A) or in Nul (A) or both, where A
10
2 −3 −4
is the matrix −8 8 6 .
6 −7 −7

VI. Give a basis for Col (A) and determine the dimensions of the subspaces
Col (A) and Nul (A). Is it true that Rank (A) = Dim Col (A) + Dim Nul (A)?

1 -2 -1 2 0
A is the matrix 0 1 1 0 3 , and below is a reduced form of A:
0 0 0 1 0
0 0 0 0 0

1 -2 -1 2 0
 0 1 1 0 3
0 0 0 1 0
0 0 0 0 0

1. Which of the following sets of vectors are bases for R3?

a. {(3,-1,4), (2,5,6), (1,4,8)}
b. {(2,-3,1), (4,1,1), (0,-7,1)}
2. Find bases for the following subspaces of for R3.
a. The plane 3x – 2y + 3z = 0
b. All vectors of the form (a,b,c), where a+b = c.
3. Determine whether b is in the column space of A, and if so, express b as a
linear combination of the column vectors of A.
1 -1 1 5
A= 9 3 1 ; b= 1
1 1 1 1
4. Give the matrix for each of the following transformations in (a) and (b).
(a) The dilation by a factor of 3 in R2.
(b) The reflection about the yz-plane in R3.
(c) Use matrix multiplication to find the reflection of (2,-5,3) about the yz-plane.

I. Prove each of the following assertions:

1. A + B = A + C  B = C, for any matrices A,B and C having equal dimensions.
2. Ax = b has many solutions  Ax = 0 has.
3. If (AB+BA) is defined, then A and B are square matrices having the same size.
4. The matrix equation Ax = 0 is always consistent.
5. If {u,v,w} are linearly independent, then u,v, and w are not in R2.
6. A single linear equation with two unknowns must always have many solutions.
7. If a linear system has more equations than unknowns, then it doesn’t need to be
consistent.

II. Show that the columns of the following matrix are linearly independent.
1 0 0 0
2 5 0 0
3 6 8 0
4 7 9 10
III. Prove that if A is an invertible matrix, then:
 (i) AB = 0  B = 0
(ii) AB = AC  B = C
IV. Show that if a 2×2 matrix B commutes with every2×2 matrix, then B = kI, where
k is any scalar and I is the identity 2×2 matrix.
V. The following augmented matrices are already in echelon forms. Tell which of
them correspond to consistent systems and which don’t. Justify your answers.

1 23 5 2−5−6 1 12 5 0
[ ] [ ] [ ]
A= 0−23−9 , B= 0 3 1 0 ,C= 0 23 1
0000 0001 0 05 0

1 −1 5
VI. Let v1 = 2 , v2 = 0 , and v3 = 4 . Write v3 as a linear combination of v1 & v2.
3 2 0

12 7
[ ]
VII. Consider the matrix A= −25 4 .
−5 6−3

Are the columns of A linearly dependent or not? Justify. If they are dependent,
find a linear dependence relation among them.
VIII. Without any reduction, tell whether the following vectors are linearly
independent or not. Justify your answers.

10 1

1 −1 6 1
[ ]
a. The column vectors of the matrix = 21 3 ;
3 25
2 3
b. ,
2 2 , , and
2 0 ; and c. 3 , 2 .
3 5 9 2 5 1

21 5
IX. a. Consider the matrix A =
[ ]
10−2
32 12
, does the matrix equation Ax = b have

solutions in R3 for every b ∈ R3? Justify.

b. Describe the vectors b for which the equation Ax = b has solutions.

X. Using the fact that a b c

d e f = 8, evaluate each of the following:
g h i
 a b c a b c
5g 5h 5i , and2d+a 2e+b 2f+c
g h i
XI. Use Cramer’s rule to solve the system: -5x1 + 3x2 = 9
3x1 - x2 = -5
[Cofactor( A)]T
XII. Recall that A-1 = , for invertible matrices.
¿ A∨¿¿

10 1
(i) -1
Use the above formula to compute A , when A = 21 3 .
3 25 [ ]
(ii) Using A-1 obtained above, solve the 3×3 system:
x+y+z =6
2x + y +3z =13
3x+2y +5z =22
XIII. Recall that a square matrix A is said to be diagonalizable if A = PDP-1 for some
invertible matrix P.
(i) Knowing that 3 2
−3 12
1 and 1 are the eigenvectors of matrix A = −2 7 ,
determine the two matrices P and D such that A = PDP-1.
(iii) Deduce the values of |A2|, |A3|, and |An|.

3 0 0
XIV. Determine the Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors of the matrix 2 1 4 .
1 0 4