THEORETICAL/CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Theory
refers to an abstract generalization that offers a systematic explanation about how phenomena are
interrelated.

is a set of interrelated constructs, definitions and propositions that present a systematic view of
phenomena by specifying relations among variables with the purpose of explaining and predicting the
phenomena.

Framework – is the overall conceptual underpinnings of the study.

Theoretical framework – is presented when the study is based on a theory
Conceptual Framework – is used when the study has its roots in a specified conceptual model
Theoretical Framework
This is the “creative” section of your work, where you define your researcher’s theoretical/conceptual
frame.
The build-up of arguments from the literature review, to the theoretical or conceptual framework, to
the research problem and hypothesis should be clear and logical.
Theoretical Framework
It is different from the literature review, in here you discuss your own original integration of the major
theories and/or frameworks that you intend to apply, which serves as the basis of the conceptual
definitions of your variables and the laws of interactions or presumed relationships among them.

Nursing Theorists
Florence Nightigale
Environmental approach to nursing
1st nursing theorist

Lydia Hall
3 aspects of Nursing
The person or the care of nursing
The body or the core of nursing
The disease or the cure of nursing
Virginia Henderson
Lists of 14 components of nursing care

Focus on helping the patient with activities or providing conditions under which he can perform them
unaided.

Hildegard Peplau
Nursing is a significant therapeutic interpersonal process . . . . an educative instrument, a maturing force
that aims to promote forward movement of personality in the direction of creative, constructive,
productive, personal and community living.
4 planes of Nurse-patient relationship; orientation, identification, exploitation and resolution.
Peplau cont…….
Interpersonal model
Peplau based her model on psychodynamic nursing, which she defines as using an understanding of
one’s own behavior to help other identify their difficulties.
Faye Abdellah
Patient’s problems into 21 categories
Views the nurse as a problem solver.

Dorothea Orem
Theory of self-care
The nurse provides “wholly compensatory
Partial compensatory”
“supportive-educative” care.

Martha Rogers
Unitary person as the basis of nursing uniqueness.

Myra Levine
Four conservation Principles:
- conservation of patients energy, structural integrity, personal integrity, social integrity
Sister Callista Roy
ADAPTATION MODEL

4 adaptive models
basic physiologic needs
self-concept
role function
interdependence

Imogene King
General systems in 1978-human & level of functioning
Basic concepts
People
Environment
Nursing
Health
Dynamic interaction of these concepts

Betty Neuman
Health care system models that views a person as a complete system with parts & sub parts that:
-interrelate, inter-personal, intrapersonal and extra personal

Rosemarie Rizzo Parse

Paradigm that provides explicit framework allowing nurses to uncover the meaning of phenomenon experienced
by human being.

Dorothy E. Johnson theory - Behavioral System Model

Patricia Benner - From Novice to Expert: Excellence and Power in Clinical Nursing Practice
Jean Watson - Philosophy and Science of Caring
Ernestine Weidenbach - The Helping Art of Clinical Nursing

Kathryn E. Barnard MODEL - Patient-Child Interaction Model

Madeline Leininger theory - Culture Care: Diversity and Universality Theory
Nola J. Pender theory - The Health Promotion Model
Joyce Travelbee theory (Human-to-Human Relationship Model

Conceptual Framework

A conceptual model deals with abstractions (concepts) that are assembled because of their relevance to a common
theme.
Conceptual models provide a conceptual perspective on interrelated phenomena, but they are more loosely
structured than theories
A conceptual model broadly presents an understanding of a phenomenon and reflects the assumptions of the
model’s designer.
Conceptual models can serve as springboards for generating hypotheses.

Schematic models (or conceptual maps) visually represent relationships among phenomena and are used in both
quantitative and qualitative research.
Concepts and linkages between them are depicted graphically through boxes, arrows, or other symbols.
Conceptual Models of Nursing Used by Nurse Researchers
Open systems model
Theory of culture care diversity and universality
Conservation model
Health care systems model
Health as expanding consciousness
Self-care model
Theory of human becoming
Science of unitary human beings
Adaptation model
Theory of caring