MOTION -

LECTURE 4

Qualified GATE Examination in Chemistry

Seema Rao
B.Sc, M.Sc (Organic Chemistry) 5,000+ students mentored for NTSE and Olympiad
 Equations of uniformly accelerated motion

1st Equation of motion:

 Equations of uniformly accelerated motion

2nd Equation of motion:

 Equations of uniformly accelerated motion

3rd Equation of motion:

 Equations of uniformly accelerated motion

v = u + at
s = ut + ½ at2

v2 = u2 + 2as
Kinematics Graphs
 Displacement - Time graph

s s

t t
 Displacement - time graph
Case 1: When the body is at rest.
The s −t graph is along the
X-axis.

t
 Displacement - time graph

Case 2: The displacement is constant.

The s −t graph is parallel to X-axis.

t
 Displacement - time graph

Case 3: The body moving with uniform velocity starting from rest.
The s −t graph is a straight passing through origin and making an angle with
the X-axis.

t
 Displacement - time graph

Case 4: A body having uniform velocity with some initial displacement.

The s −t graph is a straight line making a positive angle with the
horizontal and has a positive intercept on the Y-axis.

t
 Displacement - time graph

Case 5: The body moving with acceleration.

The s −t graph is a straight line making a positive angle with the
horizontal and has a positive intercept on the Y-axis.

t
 Displacement - time graph

Slope of chord between any two points on position - time graph gives us average
velocity.

X (m)

=
B t2 – t1
x2

=
x1 A Δt
t (s)
t1 t2
 Displacement- time graph

Slope of Tangent to position - time graph at any instant gives us instantaneous

velocity at that instant

X (m)

θ
t (s)

The area under a speed-time graph represents the distance travelled.

Example In which of the case does the particle starts from rest
s
s s s

t t t t

A B C D
Example In which of the case initial velocity is –ve

s s s s

t t t t

A B C D
Example In which of the case initial velocity is +ve

s s s s

t t t t

A B C D
Example In figure BC represents a body moving:

(A) Backward with uniform velocity

(B) Forward with uniform velocity

(C) Backward with non-uniform velocity

(D) Forward with non-uniform velocity

A B

C
s

O
t
Velocity - time graph

Case1: When the body is at rest.

The graph is a straight line along the X-axis.

t
Velocity - time graph

Case2: The body moving with uniform velocity.

The graph is a straight line parallel to the X-axis.

t
Velocity - time graph

Case3: The body moving with uniform acceleration.

The initial velocity of the body is zero and moves with non-uniform or variable
velocity.

t
Velocity - time graph

Case4: The body moves with increasing acceleration.

The initial velocity of the body is zero and moves with non-uniform or variable
velocity.