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 University of Nigeria
Virtual Library
Serial No.
ISBN: 978-65143-2-9

Author 1 OKOYE, M. O.

Author 2 EKERE, J. N.

Author 3

Title Arrangement of Library Materials

Keywords

Arrangement of Library Materials

Description

Category Education

Publisher A Publication of the Library Department UNN

Publication
Date 2009
Digitally signed by Arinze Ojionuka

Signature
Arinze DN: CN = Arinze Ojionuka, C =
NG, O = University of Nigeria, OU
= Innovation Centre
Reason: I have reviewed this
Ojionuka document
Date: 2010.02.25 00:01:47 -08'00'
 THE USE OF THE

A..d STUDY S
 INTRODUCTION TO
THE USE OF THE LIBRARY
AND STUDY SKILLS

EDITED BY

Charles 0.Omekwu (Ph.D).

Michael 0.Okoye (Ph.D).
Chinwe N. Ezeani (Ph.D)

A PUBLICATION OF THE LIBRARY DEPARTMENT,

UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA, NSUKKA.
ii Introduction to the usc of the Library and Study Skills

Published by:

The Library Department, University of Nigeria, Nsukka.

O The Library Department, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 2009

All right reserved. This book is copyright and so no part o f it may be

reproduced stored in a natural system or transmitted in any form or by
any means, electronic mechanical, electrostatic, magnetic tape,
photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written
permission qf the copyright owner.

ISBN: 978-65143-2-9

Aweinark Publishers
08033596818,0805050205 1
awemakin@yahoo.com
Introduction to the use of the Library and Study Skills iii
FOREWORD
This book, The Introduction to the Use of the Library and Study Skills,
tries to provide a firm grounding of what the library offers and how
students can maximally utilize the resources. It guides the student on
systematic investigation, appropriate resources to use and how to
articulate their findings. Information on the skills required and needed
both for the investigation and documentation is provided. The book
provides essential and fundamental knowledge for lifelong learning and
research.

The Use o f the Library and Study Skills is one of the added courses as
directed by the National Universities Commission (NUC) of Nigeria, who
saw the need for our students to have a better understanding of the library
and how best to use it for optimal output in terms of graduates. It is
differentiated from Communication in English in order to produce
students who can engage in research and produce papers that are of very
high standards.

This well-written book is a testament to the depths, richness and

comprehensiveness of a pan of information delivery which academic
librarians offer. Chapter one explains the rationale for the course,
chronicling the origin of libraries, dating from collection of records on
tablets of baked clay associated with temples, the papyrus and parchment
rolls of ancient Egypt, Greece and Rome, through the meager equipment
of medieval monasteries. This shows that libraries have undergone a
series of transformations. Types and functions of libraries are also
captured in this chapter. Chapter two deals with library regulations and
etiquettes. The catalogue and classification scheme which are essential for
locating library resources are described in a simple understandable
manner in chapter three. The fourth chapter deals wit11 reference materials
including online materials and general characteristizs of re'xence
 iv Introduction to the use of the'Libraryand Study Skills

materials, while chapter five is on sources of information, highlighting

primary, secondary and tertiary sources as well as how to find
information. Chapter six explains computer applications in library
functions while chapter seven espouses online resources and web
research. Chapter nine is on term paper writing and study skills. Chapter
ten describes how to use the law library.

This is an invaluable contribution to knowledge which every student

should have; and I recommend it to all scholars and institutions.

Miriam Ikejiani-Clark
Professor of Political Science & Dean
. School of General Studies
University of Nigeria, Nsukka
Introduction to the use of the Library and Study Skills v

CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1
Introduction to the Use of the L i b i ~ y
...
Charles 0 . Omekwu (Ph.D)
Chljloke F. Ugwuanyil ......................................................................1- 16
CHAPTER 2
The Reader in the Library Environment
Mercy N. Nwegbu
Ifeanyi I. Ezema .............................................................................17 - 37
CHAPTER 3
Arrangement of Library Materials
Michael 0 . Okoye (Ph.D)
Justina N. Ekere ...........................................................................39 - 59
CHAPTER 4.
Reference Sources
Emmanuel D. Chigbu
Vincent 0 . Ekwelem
Jonas U. Ezema .............................................................................61 - 72
CHAPTER 5.
Sources of Information
Roseline I. Echezona (Ph.D)
Cyprian I. Ugwu
Scholastica C. Ukwuoma .................................................................73 - 85
CHAPTER 6
Modern Technologies in Libraries
Nwabuisi T. Imo
Nkiruka E. Iwundu
Nneoma J. Ifeanyichukwu ............................................................ 7 - 104
vi Introduction to the use of the Library and Study Skills

CHAPTER 7
Online Resources and Web Research
Alice M. Okore
Caroline N. Asogwa
Helen N. Eke ................................................................................
1 - 117

CHAPTER 8
How to Cite Sources Consulted in the Research process
Charles 0.Omekwu (Ph.D)
Victoria N. Okafor (Ph.D) ...........................................................119 - 145
CHAPTER 9
Term Paper Writing and Study Skills
Chinwe N. Ezeani (Ph.D)
Ijeoma J. Ibegbulam. ...................................................................147 - 160
CHAPTER 10
Law Libraries
Barr (Mrs) P.N.Ejimofo
Luke A. Iroka .......................................................................
1 6 1 - 180

181 - 188
Index .........................................................................................
'
Introduction to the use of the Library and Study Skills vii

NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS

ALICE M. OKORE (Principal Librarian), Acquisitions Librarians.

Collection Development Division.

BARR (MRS) P.N. EJIMOFO (Deputy University Librarian) Enugu

Campus Library, UNEC.

CAROLINE N. ASOGWA (Senior Programmer), Cataloguing Section.

CHARLES 0 . OMEKWU (Ph.D) (University Librarian) UNN.

CHWIOKE F. UGWUANYI, (Librarian I), Cataloguing Section.

CHINWE N. EZEANI (Ph.D) (Deputy University. Librarian), Special

Collections Division.

CYPRIAN I. UGWU (Senior Librarian), Office of the University

Librarian.

EMMANUEL D. CHIGBU (Principal Librarian), Serials Division.

HELEN. N. EKE, (Higher Executive Officer), Office of the University

Librarian.

IF'EANYI J. EZEMA, (Librarian I), Cataloguing Section.

IJEOMA IBEGBULAM, (Librarian I), UNEC Library UNEC.

JUSTINA N. EKERE, (Librarian I) Head, United Nations Publications

Unit.

LUKE A. IROKA, (Principal Librarian), Head, Medical Library, UNEC.

MERCY U. NWEGBU, (Principal Librarian), Public Services Librarian.

MICHAEL 0 . OKOYE, (Ph.D) Deputy University Librarian, Technical

Services Division. The course coordinator - GSP 11 1
 .., introduction to the use of the Library and Study Skills
~111

NKIRUKA E. IWUNDU (Systems Analyst 11), Office of the University

Librarian.

NNEOMA J. IFEANYICHUKWU (Systems Analyst II), Office of the

University Librarian.

NWABUISI, T. IMO (Senior Librarian), Chief Cataloguer

OBIANUJU NOSIKE (Librarian I), UNEC Library, UNEC
ROSELINE I. ECHEZONA (Ph.D), (Senior Librarian), Circulation
Librarian

SCHOLASTICA C. UKWUOMA, (Assistant Librarian), Cataloguing

Section.

VICTORIA N. OKAFOR (Ph.D) (Librarian II), Cataloguing Section.

VINCENT EKWELEM, (Senior Librarian), Reference Librarian.

GRAPHICITECHNICAL ASSISTANTS
ASADU BONIFACE, (Chief Library Assistant), Circulation Section -
Technical
OZOAGU AFAMEFULA, (Data Entry Operator), Office of the
University Librarian - Graphics
 Chapter 3

ARRANGEMENT OF LIBRARY MATERIALS

Michael 0 . Okoye (Ph.D)

Justina N. Ekere

1.0 Introduction

A need for this chapter arises because library users are often disappointed
due to their inability to locate library resources to address their
information needs. In any library, inaterials are arranged in some sort of
order. The resources are organized using specific type of classification
scheme to collocate materials in a given subject together. Within the
library is a catalogue, which shows where any material can be accessed
using the author, title or sub.ject. In addition to the catalogue, a
classification scheme is used to organize library materials in order to
facilitate access. In this library and many other academic libraries,
Library of Congress Classification is used, while Dewey Decimal
Classification is used in many public libraries. It is hoped that at the end
of this chapter, a student should be able to use a catalogue to access any
material by author, title or subject. Such a student should also be familiar
with the arrangement and location of books using the Library of Congress
Classification scheme which is used in this library and other academic
libraries. He should also be at ease while trying to locate materials in
public libraries during the vacation period. The catalogue and two
classification schemes are dealt with below.

1.1 The Catalogue

Catalogues are of various kinds- library catalogues, booksellers'

catalogues, printers' catalogues, publishers' catalogues to name but a few.
Here, we are concerned with library catalogues. From early times libraries
have attempted to organize their holdings so that readers and staff
members could find what they are looking for. The library clientele is
expected to use the collection of a library either for study, research or
reference. At any one time, the user may not find all the documents on the
shelf. Therefore, in order to know about the complete collection, reliance
has to be placed on a dependable tool called the catalogue of the library.
40 Arrangement of Library Materials

A library catalogue is an indispensable tool which facilitates the use of

library materials.

2.0 Definition

Catalogue: The catalogue is a list or a record of materials arranged

according to some definite plan or order. The list records, describes and
indexes the resources of a collection in a library or group of libraries.

A Catalogue Entry: This is a record of a book in a catalogue giving the

following information-: author, title, edition statement, place of
publication, publisher, date of publication, pagination, and any other
information relevant to the user, including the call number.

Entry Word: This is the word by which an entry is filed in the

arrangement of the catalogue. It is usually the first word of the heading
other than an article. This is also called "Filing Word".

2.1.1 Functions of the Catalogue

The catalogue is an instrument of communication that aids a reader in

locating or tracing and identifying required materials. It can answer the
following questions for a reader-

1. Is this book in the library?

2. What editions of this book are in the library?

3. What books by a given author are there?

4. What books on a subject are in the library?

5. Where is the location of a particular publication in the library?

The catalogue can thus be said to be the key to the library or interpreter of
the library to its users. It can also be regarded as a "finding list" as it helps
to trace what is in the library. Users should know how to use their library
catalogues well for the most effective use of the library.
Michael 0.Okoye (Ph.D) Rr Justina N. Ekere 41

2.2 Physical Forms of Catalogues

There are two forms of catalogues:

(a) Machine readable catalogues are catalogues which can only be

searched through the aid of a mechanical instrument. eg.
Computers, As a result of the developments in the application of
computers, they are being increasingly used for the preparation of
catalogues. e.g. Computer output microfilm (COM), or magnetic
tape forms. The library has online public catalogue (OPAC) which
is searchable electronically.

(b) Manual catalogues: The introduction of automation is capital

intensive and as a result of this, manual or traditional catalogues
are still in use in many libraries.

The commonly used catalogues include the card and printed catalogues
like the sheaf, stlipdex, kalamazoo and kardex.

2.2.1 The Card Catalogue

This appears to be the most popular manual catalogue used by libraries
and is in use here in the University of Nigeria Library system. In this form
of catalogue, entries are made on cards measuring 12.5 x 7.5cm (5'x3'),
which can be filed and interfiled at will.

It contains such information as the author, the title, place of publication,

publisher, date of publication, number of pages, edition other than the
first, call number and series note, if any. Other useful information are
given in a "Note" further down the card. Thus with the Catalogue card of
a book, a reader can sometimes decide without seeing the book whether or
not to bother about the particular title, you can also estimate how long it
will take to read through or study the book., (see Appendix 1).

2.3 Types of Public Catalogues

There are two main types:-

1 The Dictionary and

2 The Classified Catalogue
42 Arrangement of Library Materials

2.3.1 The Dictionary Catalogue It is a catalogue in which entries are

filed in one alphabetical sequence. This means that author, title, editor,
subject and other entries are in one alphabetical sequence like entries in a
dictionary.

The AuthorITitle Catalogue: This contains entries under the authors

titles, editors, illustrators, sponsors, and series.

The Author entry is in most cases the main entry. All these entries will be
filed in the author catalogue.

The Main Entry for a book is the name or term under which the book is
primarily entered and filed in a catalogue or in a bibliography. What the
main entry for a book will be, depends on the information on the title
page. The author, editor (where there are many contributors), title (where
an author is anonymus), organization or society.

Added Entries: These are other entries made after the main entry. These
are superimposed on the main entry (see Appendix 11). In this library, we
do not make title entries for over-used phrases such as introduction to,
history of, report of, story of, principles of. Sometimes, that part of a title
which is easily remembered is used, and is referred to as a catchword
title !

When two people write a book, the first name mentioned on the title page
is used for the main envy and the second as an added entry. When three
or more people write a book, only the first mentioned name is used as the
main entry. No added entries are made for the other authors. This practice
is peculiar to U.N.N. Library System.

2.3.2 Subject Catalogue /

The subject catalogue gives the subject approach to the contents of the
Library. Thus a reader who wants to know what the library has in his
subject area but has no particular titles in mind will use the subject
catalogue. More than one subject entry can be made for a book depending
on number of subjects or aspects of a subject the book covers. Each of
these entries will be made on a separate card and each card will file in its
proper alphabetical sequence. These multiple subject entries make it
possible for a reader to see an aspect of his subject treated by a book
which is not necessarily shelved with books nn his subject. Smaller
Michael 0 . Okoye (Ph.D) & Justina N. Ekere 43
libraries tend to make more subject entries on general topics than larger
libraries. For uniformity and consistency, lists of subject headings have
been compiled to aid librarians. A library usually selects (and if necessary
modifies) one such list.

2.4 Union Catalogue

This is the name given to a catalogue that lists holdings of a group of
libraries. This means that the catalogue contains cards from the various
libraries. It can be limited by subject or by geographical area.

An example is the Author Catalogue of the Nnamdi Azikiwe Library

which shows all the holdings of the branch libraries of the Univeisity.

Special Catalogues kept in this library show what we have in our special
collections- eg.,

(a) A fricana In Special Collection

(b) Government Publications Division
(c) United Nations Publications J
(d) Audio-visual
(e) Serials

The Classified Catalogue: classified catalogue is a catalogue in which

entries are arranged according to some scheme of classification.

3.0 Filing:
Entries in catalogues are arranged in a definite and recognizable sequence
according to a set of rules. Where filing is by words or phrases it is
usually in alphabetical sequence.

3.1 Filing Systems

There are two basic system of filing "Letter by Letter" and "Word by
Word" the letter by letter is also known as "nothing before something."
44 Arrangement of Library Materials

Word by Word Letter by Letter

Post Harcourt Portals

Port Harcourt Port of Calabar Port Harcourt

Portrait Port Said Port of Calabar

Port of Calabar Portals Portrait

Portugal Portrait Port Said

Portals Portugal Portugal

Port Said

In this library, we file 'word by word' and punctuation marks are ignored.
This is for the convenience of our readers but is not the usual practice in
some other libraries.

Classification: Libraries apply subject classification in treating books

and other library resources.

4.1 Introduction: Storage of books in a library necessitates some kind

of order if the books are to be easily retrieved. This is usually done
according to common characteristics or affinities. This section of
the lecture considers only book classification or the arrangement
of library materials in a systematic order devised to bring them
together for use.

4.1.1 Definition: Library classification is the arrangement of books on

shelves, or descriptions of them in the manner which is most
useful to readers. It is also defined as the sorting, grouping and
arranging of library materials. It is a knowledge classification of
books.

The most common scheme of arrangement is that which permits shelving

of books according to subjects. This groups the whole field of knowledge
Michael 0 . Okoye (Ph.D) & Justina N. Ekere 45
into broad recognizable classes: Philosophy, Religion, Language,
Literature, Science, History, Social Sciences and Art. Each of the main
classes is divided and subdivided further so that class and its constituent
parts are identified by means of short-hand symbols called notation or
"class marks". These notations should be such that they make sense and
are easy enough to read, write and remember.

Most library users have been known to ask fur books by subjects, thus for
a reader seeking information on a given subject, the arrangement of a
library will be most useful if books are grouped by subjects. Further help
will be given if subjects are arranged according to thcir degree of
relatedness.

4.2 Classification Schemes

Since it is convenient and important that all books on a subject be kept

together, libraries have classification schemes as devices for achieving
this goal. There are many such schemes, the most important ones being:

(1) The D e c i r d Classification of Melvil Dewey (1876)

(2) The Library of Congress Classification (1904)

(3) The Universal Decimal Classification (1905)

(4) The Bibliographic Classification of H.E. Bliss (1 935)

The two most commonly used schemes are library of congress

classification scheme and Dewey Decimal classification scheme.

4.2.1 Library of Congress Classification Scheme (L.C.)

This is the scheme in use in the University of Nigeria Library and in most
Nigerian Universities and other academic libraries. This was devised to
meet the needs of the American Library of Congress in Washington D.C.
when it was decided in 1899 to classify its holdings. The scheme was
produced from a comparison of existing schemes bearing the special
needs of the Library of Congress in mind. This scheme is very detailed
and is best suited for libraries with large collections.
46 Arrangement of Library Materials
The L.C. grouped the whole field of knowledge into 21 main classes
using single letters of the alphabet to denote these main classes as follows

A. General Works Polygraph

8. Philosophy, Religion

C. History-Auxiliary Science

D. History and Topography (except America)

E-F America

G. Geography, Anthropology Folklore, Sports

H. Social Science

J. Political Science

K. Law

L. Education

M. Music

N. Fine Arts

P. Philosophy & Literature

Q Science

R. Medicine

S. Agriculture, Plant and Animal Husbandry

T. Technology

U. Military Science

v. Naval Science

z. Bibliography and Library Science

Michael 0 . Okoye (PbD) & Justina N. Ekere 47
Each main class is subdivided into divisions using two letters of the
alphabet. The first alphabet represents that of the main class eg.

Q Science

QA Mathematics

Qc Physics

QD Chemistry

QH Biology
Topics under the classes and divisions are subdivided using Arabic
numerals sequentially from 1 to 999, according to the need for details eg.

S Agriculture

SB Plant Culture and Horticulture

403-450 FLOWERS AND FLOWER CULTURE. ORNAMENTAL

PLANTS.

403 Periodicals, Societies, Serials.

403-25 History, etc., of horticultural societies, garden

clubs,

etc

404 Florists, Directories

404.5 General Works. By region or country

405 American

406 Other regions or states A-Z

407 Illustrations and descriptions of choice plants

408 Lists of ornamental plants

48 Arrangement of Library Materials

408.3 Culture of individual plants

409 Orchards

410 Roses
'
1
.* *: :y
.++ +;,.+
,. .
General Works
4i j.3 .. &, ;.~
k. -., , ,

Pictoral Work. Exhibition. Showing

413 Other plants, A-Z

e.g., .A7, Aster;

.A9, Azalea;

.B4, Begonia;

.C18, Camellia;

.C3, Carnation;

.C55, Ch~ysanthemum,etc.

(See Appendix I11 for a breakdown of the library of Congress Scheme

according to Departments).

4.2.2 Dewey Decimal Classification Scheme (DDC)

This is a classification scheme used by several public libraries. Fosket
(1998) contends that this is the best known classification scheme and very
simple to use for its decimal cbsification and secondly because it does
not use mixed notation. In this scheme, Dewey groups the entire human
knowledge into ten major classes as shown below with their class marks

000 - Generalities

100 - Philosophy and related disciplines

200 - Religion ,,
1
<4 ; r9 . !"
300 - ~ o 6 sciences
d s''
Michael 0 . Okoye (Ph.D) & lustina N. Ekere 49

400 - Languages

500 - Pure Sciences

600 - Technology (Applied Sciences)

700 - The Arts

800 - Literature (Belies Letters)

900 - Geography and History (including Biography)

After grouping them into ten major classes each of the classes are further
divided into another ten sub classes. This division continues until specific
subject areas are covered. For example 500 class which is pure science is
subdivided into ten as shown below:

500 - Natural Science & Mathematics

510 - Mathematics

520 - Astronomy & Applied Sciences

530 - Physics

540 - Chemistry & Applied Sciences

550 - Earth Sciences

560 - Paleontology

570 - Life Sciences

580 - Botanical Sciences

590 - Zoological

5.0 Call Numbers

A call number is the number assigned to a book to distinguish it from the
others. It got its name during the early days of libraries when books were
kept in stacks or shelves inaccessible to the public so that the reader had
50 Arrangement of Library Materials

to request for or "call" for the book he wanted after going through the
catalogue. This in a way still holds for library collections not open to the
public.

A call number will consist of a class mark (subject classification number);

author's number (first letter of author's surname and number representing
author's name); date (to differentiate editions); volume or copy number;
location symbol and a sign indicating size (where necessary). In this
library, oversized books are indicated in the call number with a plus sign
(+) while tiny books and pamphlets are indicated with a division sign (+).

The simplest call number will comprise: the subject classification number
the author number, e.g.,

QH 308 Class Mark

K49 - Author Number
Call numbers are usually written on the spine of book or front cover, if the
spine is too narrow or covered with prints. They help to establish shelf
order. They are also found on catalogue cards so that the user is guided
from the catalogue to the shelf.

5.1 Location Symbols

In large libraries, there are different sections and branches and because of
this location symbols are added to the call numbers to show where the
books can be located. For example University of Nigeria Library
maintains a union list which contains the holdings of our branch libraries
also. Different symbols are used to indicate these various branches.
Certain materials like periodicals, reference works, Africana, microforms
and theses are organized separately for effective use. The following
symbols are used to indicate these locations.
Michael 0.Okoye (Ph.D) & Justina N. Ekere 51
Reference Materials in open stacks

Reference Materials in the Reference Room

Serials

Law Library
Agricultural Library

Education Library
Engineering Library

Medical Library

Microforms

Africana

Government Publication

U.N. Publications

Theses

The above symbols also form part of the call number, and are written in
parenthesis

The first need in an open access library is to provide directional guides;

large, clear, comprehensive, signs in all key traffic areas stating what each
floor houses, and where main subjects are shelved. in keeping to this
need, it is important that book stocks be effectively guided and to show
which shelves hold what books. Shelf guides give a searcher a brief
outline of what materials are on a particular shelf. They are therefore an
aid to getting at the required information.
 52 Arrangement of Library Materials

APPENDIX I
A CATALOGUE CARD
Author Title
I

I
v
DIKE, Kenneth Onwuka .+
I

. .
Trade and politics In the Niger Delta
1830- 1885; an introduction to the economic
Place of - - - - - - - - - - - + and political history of Niger4,- - - - - - - - - - - - .-D"eof
publication ; - -:::::::J3xf0&,ftdndon Puhl~cation
Press; 1956
Publisher - -'
! I
vi, 250p. fold map, tables. + - - - - - - - - .- Series
, (Oxford studies in African affairs)
Pagination - - - - - - - ' Bibliographical references included in
"Notes on t$e sources" y.224-23
I NO.
Hc63f4----------
1 D575
t ?,-,
I
I I
I I
I 1

Notes ~ o c a d o nMark

APPENDIX I1 Call Ii

AuthorIMain Card
FORD. Ednlund Briscoe. 1901-
Genetics for Medical Students. 6IhEd
rev. & reset. Methuen, 1967.
x, 21 1p. illus

Bibliography: pp. 195-204.

QH43 I
.F699
Michael 0.Okoye (Ph.D) & Justina N.Ekere 53
Subject Card

I FORD, Edmund Briscoe, 1901

GENETICS

Genetics for Medical Students. 6"' ed.

rev. & reset. Methuen, 1967.
x, 21 1p. illus.
Bibliography: pp. 195-204.
QH43 1
.F699
1967
(44)

Title Added Entry Card

Genetics for Medical Students
FORD Edmund Briscoe, 1901-
Genetics for Medical Students. 6Ihed
rev. & reset. Methuen, 1967.
x, 2 11p. illus.

Bibliography: pp. 195-204

54 Armngement of Library Materials

APPENDIX 111

BREAKDOWN OF THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS

CLASSIFICAITON SCHEME ACCORDING TO THE
DEPARTMENTS AT THE UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA

I. Faculty of Agricultural Sciences

Agricultural Management HD, S
Animal Science SF
Crop Science S
Food and Home Sciences TS, TT,TX
Soil Science S, SB
Veterinary Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology SF
Veterinary Medicine and Surgery SF

2. Faculty of Arts
English PA, PN, PR, PS
Fine and Applied Arts NB-ND, NK
History and Archaeology C-F
Modem Languages RD-PF, PQ, PT
Mass Communication PN
Music M

3. Faculty of Biological Sciences

Biochemistry QD. QH, QP, RZ
Botany QK
Microbiology QR
Pharmacy RS, SF
zoology QL
Michael 0.Okoye (Ph.D) & Justina N.Ekere 55
4. Faculty of Education
Education L
Health and Physical Education GV, RA, RM
Vocational Teacher Education HF, LC

5. Faculty of Engineering
Agricultural Engineering S
Civil Engineering TD-TH
Electrical and Electronics Engineering TK
Mechanical Engineering TJ
Surveying GA, QB, QE, TA
6. Faculty of Environmental Studies

Architecture NA
Estate Management HG
Geography G-GG, H

7. Faculty of Physical Sciences

Chemistry QD
Geology QE
Mathematics QA
Physics Qc
Statistics QA, HA

8. Faculty of the Social Sciences

Economics HB-HJ
Political Science JA-JC, JX
Psychology BF
eligion BL-BX
56 Arrangement of Library Materials
Philosophy B-BJ
Sociology and Anthropology GN, HM-HX

Faculty of Business Administration

Accountancy HF
Fji~ance HG
Management HD
Marketing HC, HF

Faculty of Law
Commercial and property law HF, K
International law and Jurisprudence JX,K
Public and Private Law K

Faculty of Medicine
Anaesthesiology
Anatomy
Medical Microbiology
Medicine
Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Orthopaedic
Ophthalmology
Otolaryngology
Paediatrics
Pathology
Morbid Anatomy
Haematology
Pharmacology and Therapeutics
Physiology
 Michael 0. Okoye (Ph.D) & Justina N. Ekere 57

Physiotherapy RA, RJ, RM

Preventive and Community Medicine RA
Psychiatry RC
Radiology RA, RC
Surgery RD

6.0 Library Stock: Non-Book Materials

Introduction

There are non-book materials in the library which are equally organized in
the library in such a way that retrieval will be easy. The classification of
these resources usually follows the same pattern with that of books.
However, in the cataloguing process, the kind of material will be
indicated.

6.1 Rationale for Non-Book Materials in Libraries

A University Library will only perform its functions successfully if its
importance is effectively matched with adequate collection. Apart from
books, non- book materials have long become major sources of
information in a university library. Recent developments in computer
technology have produced materials which store knowledge and joined
the group of alternatives to the printed work. Book and non-book
materials are procured in large numbers and in great variety to cover all
the disciplines in a university and beyond. The collection should be
regularly brought up to date if the library will perform its functions.

6.2 What are Non-Book Materials?

Fothergill and Butchart (1980) contend that non-book materials
encompass just about any item in a library's collection that is not a book.
They are viewed or heard (or both) rather than read. They can be
projected or non- projected. Some of the non-projected ones are chart,
globes, maps, models, photographs, pictures.

Some of the projected ones are television, videos films, audiotapes,

i filmstrips, microforms, slides, transparencies. These would need the
i application of electricity and some hardware to operate them.
3
 58 Arrangement of Library Materials

6.3 Applications (General)

Extension of the library's function to include provision of non-book

materials and services actually developed in the United States, and has
existed for several decades. As early as the 1920s early collections of
recordings of musical and cultural value were established.

There is a wide array of multimedia forms that can contribute to the

effectiveness of the library's programme. The use of electronic data-
bases. CD-ROM and telecommunications is on the increase. Libraries are
intensely involved in the many ways information is being electronically
processed and made accessible.

Non-book materials can form Special Collection when materials are kept
together in a room, place or a section of the library irrespective of their
subject treatment.

The handicapped benefit from non-book technology for example, the

blind cannot see print but they can listen to tapes and feel through the
sense of touch (Braille). There are also hearing aids for the deaf.

6.4 Services in U.N.N. Library

The Nnamdi Azikiwe Library maintains an audio-visual unit which stocks

many non-book materials like. Camcorders, computers, CD-ROMs,
Digital Cameras, Diskettes, Flash Drives and Braille. Volumes of Braille
for the blind are housed there and the blind students often borrow them
for their studies. The unit lends out educational films on various subjects
to clienteles. The unit has an efficient Public Address System which could
be borrowed for use. Overhead projectors and screens which could be
used in classrooms are available A set of musical equipment for
entertainment on occasions, is also available.

Conclusion

The library catalogue has been meticulously treated in this chapter,

. spanning from definition, functions physical forms and types. Filing and
filing systems are also covered. In this wise, the catalogue serves as an
index to the holdings of a library as well as facilitates use of the library by
the clientele. Another facility which is found on the catalogue is the
classification number. Of the many classification systems available, only
Michael 0. Okoye (Ph.D) & Justina N. Ekere 59
the Library of Congress and Dewey Decimal Classification are
considered. Classification numbers are inevitable for locating and
retrieving library materials and the various classes of (LC and Dewey) are
itemized. Shelf-guides are also discussed.

Non-book materials and their contributions to library services are also

documented. This chapter contributes tremendously to the knowledge of
library holdings and effective utilization of library resources. The chapter
attempts to demystify a complex subject. The authors hope that students
will find it useful in locating library materials and in accessing the
informationlknowledge contained in them.

Bibliography

Australian Union Catalogue (2007). Union catalogues.

Available at www.nla.gov.au/2ibraries/resources/cat.html
Accessed on 28/03/09.

Britannica Concise Encyclopaedia (2006). Library Classification.

Available at http://www.answers.com/topic/library~class~fication
Accessed on 28/03/09)

Encyclopaedia Britannica Online (2009). Dictionary catalogue.

Available at http://www.britannica.comlEBchecked~topic/
162284/dictionary-catlogue
Accessed on 28/03/09

Edoka, B.E. (2000). Introduction to library science. Onitsha: Palma.

E-learning Courseware for Basic Cataloguing ECBC (2007) Library

catalogues and bibliographic records: functions
Available at http://ecbchandouts.blogspot.com/2007/04Aessen-I-
library-catalogue-and.html
Accessed on 29/03/09.

Wikipedia, the free encyclopaedia (2009). Library catalogue.

Available at http://en.wikipedia.org/wikiJlibrary-catalogue
Accessed on 28/03/09.
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