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  • Internal Combustion Engines ME 4142: Dr. Saif Ur Rahman Department of Mechanical Engineering

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    1. Combustion in spark ignition engines occurs through a chain reaction process, where the initial spark ignites highly reactive constituents that generate more active species, allowing the flame to progress through the fuel-air mixture. 2. Normal combustion occurs when the flame spreads continuously and uniformly through the homogeneous mixture. Abnormal combustion occurs when unburned regions autoignite before the flame arrives, resulting in uncontrolled combustion. 3. In a spark ignition engine, the spark is produced slightly before top dead center to allow the flame time to spread through the cylinder and raise the pressure, rather than instantaneous combustion at top dead center which is ideal theoretically but not practically achievable.

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    Lec 17 Fall 2018

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    1. Combustion in spark ignition engines occurs through a chain reaction process, where the initial spark ignites highly reactive constituents that generate more active species, allowing the flame to progress through the fuel-air mixture. 2. Normal combustion occurs when the flame spreads continuously and uniformly through the homogeneous mixture. Abnormal combustion occurs when unburned regions autoignite before the flame arrives, resulting in uncontrolled combustion. 3. In a spark ignition engine, the spark is produced slightly before top dead center to allow the flame time to spread through the cylinder and raise the pressure, rather than instantaneous combustion at top dead center which is ideal theoretically but not practically achievable.

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    17 views10 pages

    Internal Combustion Engines ME 4142: Dr. Saif Ur Rahman Department of Mechanical Engineering

    Uploaded by

    Muhammad Ali
    1. Combustion in spark ignition engines occurs through a chain reaction process, where the initial spark ignites highly reactive constituents that generate more active species, allowing the flame to progress through the fuel-air mixture. 2. Normal combustion occurs when the flame spreads continuously and uniformly through the homogeneous mixture. Abnormal combustion occurs when unburned regions autoignite before the flame arrives, resulting in uncontrolled combustion. 3. In a spark ignition engine, the spark is produced slightly before top dead center to allow the flame time to spread through the cylinder and raise the pressure, rather than instantaneous combustion at top dead center which is ideal theoretically but not practically achievable.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 10

    Lec:17

    23rd Nov.,2018

    Internal Combustion Engines


    ME 4142
    Dr. Saif ur Rahman
    Department of Mechanical Engineering
    Chapter 6

    Combustion in SI Engine
    Chain Reaction Combustion
    • Combustion process is propagated by chain
    reaction
    • At start; highly reactive constituents ignite around
    the spark
    • These generate more active constituents and
    flame progresses
    • And process is controlled by chain forming
    reactions
    • Until the point where chain breaking reactions
    dominate to establish a flame boundary
    Combustion in SI Engines
    • Desired Combustion:
    – Homogeneous Mixture of air and fuel
    – Ignited by spark
    – Rapidly develops into a flame
    – Spreading out in continuous manner
    • Flame spreading without an abrupt change in speed is
    called NORMAL and is the desired combustion
    • Abnormal Combustion;
    – In case of unburned mixture ahead of flame ignites before
    the flame reaches it; it is Called AUTOIGNITION
    Combustion in SI Engines
    • NORMAL Flame produces NORMAL or
    controlled combustion
    • This is the designer’s desired objective
    • AUTOIGNITION on the other hand is result
    of undesired pressure and temperature
    increases and is called uncontrolled
    combustion
    Normal Combustion
    • At the end of Compression stroke we have a relatively
    homogenized mixture of Air, Vaporized fuel and
    residual gases
    • A single spark at High Temperature and High Intensity
    is produced to start combustion; producing thin thread
    of flame
    • Combustion spread into the envelop around this thread
    • The rate of spread depends on;
    – Temperature of the flame front
    – Temperature and density of the material in the surrounding
    envelop
    Theoretical Pressure VS Crank Angle
    Theoretical Pressure VS Crank Angle

    • Compression 0-180 degree; BDC to TDC


    • Instantaneous combustion and increase in
    pressure at TDC
    • Heat Addition and hence the Expansion; from
    180-360 degree
    Actual Spark Ignition Engine
    • Actual Spark ignition does not occur
    instantaneously And not at TDC
    • Spark is produced before TDC
    • Flame takes a finite time to travel across the
    chamber and raising the pressure
    • Constant volume COMBUSTION will produce
    better thermal efficiency
    • However; Smooth and quiet engine may impose
    restriction and process deviates from constant
    volume
    Combustion and Burning
    • Combustion proceeds until Chemical
    equilibrium is reached
    • Burning of the flame is associated with part of
    combustion process travelling as flame front
    moves across the cylinder
    • Burning process is completed when flame
    reaches the far end of cylinder
    • Combustion process is not complete because
    of dissociation caused by high temperature

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