Professional Documents
Culture Documents
®
AWWA Standard
Reduced-Wall, Resilient-
Seated Gate Valves for
Water Supply Service
SM
lication o f a standard does not constitute endorsement o f any product or product type, nor does AWWA test, certi fy,
or approve any product. The use o f AWWA standards is entirely voluntary. This standard does not supersede or take
precedence over or displace any applicable law, regulation, or code o f any governmental authority. AWWA standards
are intended to represent a consensus o f the water supply industry that the product described will provide satis factory
service. When AWWA revises or withdraws this standard, an o f cial notice o f action will be placed on the f rst page o f
the O f cial Notice section o f Journal – American Water Works Association . The action becomes efective on the f rst
day o f the month following the month o f Journal – American Water Works Association publication o f the o f cial notice.
proved the standard or not, from manu facturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures
not con forming to the standard. American National Standards are subject to periodic review, and users are cautioned
to obtain the latest editions. Producers o f goods made in con formity with an American National Standard are encour -
aged to state on their own responsibility in advertising and promotional materials or on tags or labels that the goods
are produced in con formity with particular American National Standards.
C au tion n otiCe : The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) approval date on the front cover o f this standard
indicates completion o f the ANSI approval process. This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at
any time. ANSI procedures require that action be taken to rea f rm, revise, or withdraw this standard no later than f ve
years from the date o f publication. Purchasers o f American National Standards may receive current in formation on
all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New
York, N Y 1 0036; 21 2.642.4900; or emailing in fo@ansi.org.
ISBN-1 3, print: 978-1 -62576-1 37-8 eISBN-1 3, electronic: 978-1 -61 300-363-3
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/1 0.1 2999/AWWA.C51 5.1 5
All rights reserved. No part o f this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means,
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ii
Copyright © 201 6 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.
Committee Personnel
Te AWWA Standards C515 Subcommittee that reviewed this standard had the following person-
nel at the time of approval:
Tomas J. Mettler, Chair
M.H. Burns, One Bolt Inc., Denver, Colo. (AWWA)
L.W. Fleury Jr., Mueller Group, Smithfeld, R.I. (AWWA)
S. Flora, M&H Valve Company, Anniston, Ala. (AWWA)
J.J. Gemin, AECOM, Kitchener, Ont., Canada (AWWA)
T.C . Harbour, Clow Valve Company, Oskaloosa, Iowa (AWWA)
T.R. Ingalls,* EJ USA Inc., East Jordan, Mich. (AWWA)
R.L. Larkin, American Flow Control, Birmingham, Ala. (AWWA)
R. Looney, American AVK Company, Minden, Nev. (AWWA)
T.J. Mettler, Waterous Company, South St. Paul, Minn. (AWWA)
K.J. Wright, EJ USA Inc., East Jordan, Mich. (AWWA)
Te AWWA Standards Committee on Gate Valves and Swing Check Valves, which reviewed and
approved this standard, had the following personnel at the time of approval:
Joseph J. Gemin, Chair
Robert Gardner, Vice-Chair
General Interest Members
J.M. Assouline,* CH2M HILL, Englewood, Colo. (AWWA)
M.D. Bennett, MWH, Cleveland, Ohio (AWWA)
D. Diefenbach, Carollo, Phoenix, Ariz. (AWWA)
J.J. Gemin, AECOM, Kitchener, Ont., Canada (AWWA)
J. Hebenstreit, Underwriters Laboratories, Northbrook, Ill. (AWWA)
M.C. Johnson, Utah State University Water Research Laboratory, Logan, Utah (AWWA)
S.M. Passarelli,† Standards Engineer Liaison, AWWA, Denver, Colo. (AWWA)
T.R. Volz, AECOM, Denver, Colo. (AWWA)
M.P. Yoke, Anniston, Fla. (AWWA)
* Alternate
† Liaison, nonvoting
iii
J.V. Ballun, Val-Matic Valve & Manufacturing Corporation, Elmhurst, Ill. (AWWA)
J. Bolender, J and S Valves, Hu man, f Texas (AWWA)
D.E. Burczynski,* Kennedy Valve, Elmira, N.Y. (AWWA)
L.W. Fleury Jr., Mueller Group, Smith feld, R.I. (AWWA)
T.C. Harbour, Clow Valve Company, Oskaloosa, Iowa (AWWA)
T.R. Ingalls,* East Jordan Iron Works Inc., East Jordan, Mich. (AWWA)
R.L. Larkin,* J and S Valves, Gardendale, Ala. (AWWA)
R. Looney, American AVK Company, Minden, Nev. (AWWA)
T.J. Mettler, Waterous Company, South St. Paul, Minn. (AWWA)
D.B. Scott,* American Flow Control, Birmingham, Ala. (AWWA)
J.H. Wilber,* American AVK, Littleton, Colo. (AWWA)
K.J. Wright, EJ USA Inc., East Jordan, Mich. (AWWA)
User Members
* Alternate
† Liaison, nonvoting
iv
vi
I. Introduction.
I.A. Background. Tis standard describes reduced-wall, resilient-seated gate
valves with nonrising stems (NRS) and outside screw-and-yoke (OS&Y) rising stems,
including tapping gate valves, for water supply service. Te standard applies to water
supply service having a pH range of 6.5 to 8.5 and a temperature from 33° to 125°F
(0.6° to 52°C).
I.B. History. Te frst edition of ANSI/AWWA C509, Resilient-Seated Gate
Valves, was published in 1980. ANSI/AWWA C509 includes body and bonnet parts of
either gray or ductile cast iron with shell-wall thicknesses equal to those of the ANSI/
AWWA C500, Metal-Seated Gate Valves, which was frst issued in 1952 as ANSI/
AWWA C500 but had its roots going back to the frst AWWA standard for gate valves
adopted June 24, 1913.
In 1993, the AWWA Standards Committee on Gate Valves and Swing Check
Valves received authorization from the AWWA Standards Council to prepare a stan-
dard covering reduced-wall, resilient-seated gate valves. Just as other recent AWWA
standards have been developed as a result of the attendant strength of ductile iron (for
pressure pipe and compact fttings), this standard results from its application for gate
valves.
Te Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valves and Fittings Industry
(MSS) has played an important role in developing this standard. Founded in 1924,
MSS has had ofcial organizational representation on AWWA standards committees
dealing with valve and hydrant products since 1930.
ANSI/AWWA C515-09 was approved by the AWWA Board of Directors on
Jan. 25, 2009. Tis edition was approved on June 7, 2015.
I.C. Acceptance. In May 1985, the US Environmental Protection Agency
(USEPA) entered into a cooperative agreement with a consortium led by NSF
International (NSF)† to develop voluntary third-party consensus standards and a
certifcation program for direct and indirect drinking water additives. Other members of
the original consortium included the Water Research Foundation‡ (formerly AwwaRF)
* American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10036.
† NSF International, 789 North Dixboro Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105.
‡ Water Research Foundation, 6666 West Quincy Avenue, Denver, CO 80235.
vi i
xi
® AWWA Standard
SEC TI ON 1 : G EN ER AL
operation in a throttled position. Tese conditions are beyond the intended scope
of this standard and require special consideration in design and construction.
1.1 .5 Joint accessories. Joint accessories for end connections, such as bolts,
gaskets, glands, and follower rings, are not described in this standard.
Sec. 1.2 Purpose
Te purpose of this standard is to provide the minimum requirements for
reduced-wall, resilient-seated gate valves for water supply service, including appli-
cation, materials, design, testing, inspection, rejection, marking, and shipping.
Sec. 1.3 Application
Tis standard can be referenced in specifcations for purchasing and receiving
reduced-wall, resilient-seated gate valves for water supply service.
1.3.1 Stipulations. Te stipulations of this standard apply when this
document has been referenced and then only to reduced-wall, resilient-seated gate
valves for water supply service.
1.3.2 Compatibility. Te valves encompassed by this standard require
considerations for compatibility with the material being conveyed from both
chemical and physical perspectives. Wastewater implies a lack of control over its
chemical and physical composition. Valves in compliance with this standard may
be suitable for wastewater applications; however, compliance does not ensure man-
ufacturer approval of a specifc valve in wastewater applications. Suitability for a
specifc valve should be determined by analyzing a particular wastewater applica-
tion in conjunction with the manufacturer.
SECTION 2: REFERENCES
Tis standard references the following documents. In their latest editions,
they form a part of this standard to the extent specifed within the standard. In any
case of confict, the requirements of this standard shall prevail.
ANSI*/AWWA C110/A21.10—Ductile-Iron and Gray-Iron Fittings.
ANSI/AWWA C111/A21.11—Rubber-Gasket Joints for Ductile-Iron Pres-
sure Pipe and Fittings.
ANSI/AWWA C153/A21.53—Ductile-Iron Compact Fittings for Water
Service.
* American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10036.
* Federal specifcations are available from Naval Publications and Form Center, 5801 Tabor Avenue, Philadelphia,
PA 19120.
† ISO Standards are available from International Organization for Standardization, ISO Central Secretariat 1, ch. de
la Voie-Creuse CP 56-CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland.
‡ Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings Industry, 127 Park Street, NE, Vienna, VA 22180.
§ NSF International, P.O. Box 130140, 789 North Dixboro Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105.
should be notifed if this condition exists. Copper alloys that contain more than 16
percent zinc shall not be used in these waters unless specimens of the alloy tested
in accordance with ISO 6509 exhibit dezincifcation depth of less than 25 µm. If
aluminum bronze is used, the alloys shall be inhibited against dealuminization.
4.2.4.5.6 Copper alloys that contain more than 16 percent zinc shall not
contain less than 57 percent copper.
4.2.4.5.7 Copper alloys that contain 16 percent or less zinc shall not con-
tain less than 79 percent copper.
4.2.4.5.8 Valve components manufactured from some grades of manganese,
bronze, or some other materials are subject to stress corrosion. Te manufacturer
shall design the valve and select materials to minimize stress corrosion.
4.2.4.5.9 Copper alloys that contact drinking water shall comply with the
Safe Drinking Water Act.
4.2.4.6 Carbon steel. Carbon steel castings, when used, shall conform to
the requirements of AS TM A27 Grade U-60-30 or equivalent.
4.2.4.7 Stainless steel. Stainless steel used in valves shall comply with the
following:
4.2.4.7.1 Te chemical composition of stainless-steel valve components
shall contain not less than 15 percent chromium or more than 0.25 percent carbon,
and shall be processed to reduce the formation of chromium carbides.
4.2.4.7.2 Stainless-steel valve components shall be made to AS TM recog-
nized alloy specifcations with metal and alloys in the unifed numbering system
(UNS).
4.2.4.7.3 Stainless-steel alloys are not limited to those specifed herein.
4.2.4.7.4 Stainless-steel alloys must meet the performance requirements of
this standard including the minimum yield strength and chemical requirements.
4.2.4.7.5 After fnal forming and machining, exogenous iron shall be
removed from fnished stainless-steel components that come in contact with water
or those components shall be passivated in accordance with AS TM A380.
4.2.4.7.6 Other stainless-steel components shall be cleaned and descaled in
accordance with the manufacturer’s requirements.
4.2.4.8 Gaskets. Gasket material shall be made of inorganic mineral
fber, natural or synthetic rubber composition, or paper that is free from corrosive
ingredients.
4.2.4.9 O-rings. O-rings or other suitable elastomeric seals may be used.
Minimum Minimum
Minimum Reduced Minimum Reduced
Nominal Full Waterway Waterway Nominal Full Waterway Waterway
Valve Size Diameter Diameter Valve Size Diameter Diameter
in. in. in. mm mm mm
3 3.00 — 75 76.2 —
4 4.00 — 100 101.6 —
6 6.00 — 150 152.4 —
8 8.00 — 200 203.2 —
10 10.00 — 250 254.0 —
12 12.00 — 300 304.8 —
14 14.00 — 350 355.6 —
16 16.00 — 400 406.4 —
18 18.00 — 450 457.2 —
20 20.00 — 500 508.0 —
24 24.00 — 600 609.6 —
30 30.00 — 750 762.0 —
36 36.00 — 900 914.4 —
42 42.00 — 1,050 1,066.8 —
48 48.00 — 1,200 1,219.2 —
54 54.00 48.00 1,350 1,371.6 1,219.2
Table 3 Minimum thickness of body and bonnet
36 (900) 1¾ (44.5)
3
42 (1,050) 2 (50.8)
48 (1,200) 21 (54.0)
54 (1,350) 23 (60.3)
* Nominal valve size mm is soft conversion (nominal in. size × 25).
† Flange thickness mm is hard conversion (in. × 25.4).
4.4.1 .3.3 A nonmetallic surface shall be epoxy coating.
4.4.1 .4 Valve end connections. Except as agreed upon by the purchaser
and supplier, valve end connections shall conform to the requirements of one of the
following end connection types.
4.4.1 .4.1 Flanged ends:
1. Te thickness of ductile-iron end fanges may be less than specifed in
ASME B16.1 or ANSI/AWWA C110/A21.1 0 but not less than shown in Table 4.
2. Other dimensions and drilling of end fanges of fanged valves shall con-
form to ASME B16.1 Class 125, ANSI/AWWA C207, or ANSI/AWWA C110/
A21.10 except as modifed by the purchase documents.
3. Unless spot facing is required by the purchase documents, the bolt holes
of the end fanges shall not be spot faced except:
a. When the thickness at any point within the spot-face area, as defned in
MSS SP-9, exceeds the required minimum fange thickness by more than indicated
in Table 5 or if the fange is not sufciently fat.
b. When the bearing surfaces for bolting, as defned as the minimum spot-
face diameter according to bolt size in MSS SP-9, are not parallel within 3 degrees
of the fange face.
Copyright © 201 6 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.
1 4 AWWA C51 5 -1 5
4.4.1 .5.1 If the yoke is not an integral part of the bonnet, it shall be made
of ductile iron or gray iron.
4.4.1 .5.2 Te design shall be such that a hand cannot be jammed between
a yoke and the handwheel.
4.4.2 Gate. Te material of the gate shall be ductile iron, gray iron, or
copper alloy (see Table 6 for copper alloys).
4.4.2.1 Resilient seats. Resilient seats shall be bonded or mechanically
attached to the gate.
4.4.2.1 .1 Te proof-of-design test method used for bonding or vulcanizing
shall be AS TM D429, either Method A or Method B.
4.4.2.1 .2 For Method A, the minimum strength shall not be less than
250 psi (1,725 kPa).
4.4.2.1 .3 For Method B, the peel strength shall not be less than 75 lb/in.
(13.2 N/mm).
4.4.2.1 .4 Exposed mechanical attaching devices and hardware used to
retain the resilient seat shall be of a corrosion-resistant material.
4.4.3 Guides. If guiding is required to obtain shutof, the design shall be
such that corrosion in the guide area does not afect seating.
4.4.4 Bolting. Bolting materials, excluding joint accessories, shall meet
the mechanical strength requirements of AS TM A307 and shall have either reg-
ular square, hexagonal, or socket heads with dimensions conforming to ASME
B18.2.1 , ASME B18.2.3.1 M, ASME B18.3, or ASME B18.3.1 M.
4.4.4.1 Corrosion resistance. Bolts, studs, and nuts shall be zinc-coated
(ASTM A153 or AS TM B633) or made corrosion resistant by some other process
disclosed to and acceptable to the purchaser.
4.4.4.1 .1 Te purchaser may specify bolts, studs, and nuts made from a
specifed corrosion-resistant material, such as low-zinc bronze, nickel-copper alloy,
or stainless steel.
4.4.4.1.2 Stainless-steel bolts and studs shall not be used on stainless-steel
nuts unless the threads are coated with an antiseize compound or the fastening com-
ponents are made of diferent alloys or some other means are used to prevent galling.
4.4.4.2 Recessed sockets. Recessed socket in bolts shall be plugged and/or
sealed.
4.4.5 Stem, stem nut, and thrust collar. Copper alloy stems, stem nuts,
thrust collars, and gates shall be made from an alloy listed in Table 6.
Table 6 Stem, gate, thrust collar, and stem nut copper alloys
Copper Alloy*
AS TM Specifcation Number Alloy Designation
AS TM B16 UNS C36000
AS TM B138 UNS C67500
Stems, Gates, and Trust Collars AS TM B283 UNS C67600
AS TM B98 UNS C66100
UNS C86200
AS TM B148 UNS C95200
UNS C95300
UNS C95500
AS TM B584 UNS C86200†
UNS C86500†
UNS C86700
UNS C87500
UNS C87600
UNS C87610
AS TM B763 UNS C86200†
UNS C86500†
UNS C86700
UNS C99400
UNS C99500
AS TM B62 UNS C83600
AS TM B824 UNS C84400†
Stem Nuts and Gates AS TM B124 UNS C37700
AS TM B148 UNS C95200
UNS C95300
UNS C95500†
AS TM B584 UNS C84400
UNS C83450†
UNS C86700
UNS C87500
UNS C87610
AS TM B763 UNS C86500††
UNS C86700
UNS C95200
UNS C95500
UNS C95800
UNS C99400
UNS C99500
* Alloys actually used or specifed are not limited to those listed—see Sec. 4.2.4.5.2.
† Compliance with ANSI/AWWA C515 requires the manufacturer to specify minimum mechanical (yield
strength) or chemical (copper and/or zinc) requirements that exceed the minimums required for this alloy by
the AS TM specifcation(s) listed.
4.4.6.1 .3 Stem-seal plate bolts and nuts shall conform to the requirements
as specifed in Sec. 4.4.4.
4.4.6.1 .4 On NRS valves, the stem opening, thrust bearing recess, and
bonnet face of the stem-seal plate shall be machined or fnished in a manner that
will provide surfaces that are smooth and either parallel or perpendicular to the
stem axis within 0.5 degrees.
4.4.6.1 .5 When an O-ring or other pressure-actuated stem seal is used, the
design shall incorporate at least two such seals.
4.4.6.1 .6 Te dimensions of the O-rings shall be in accordance with ANSI/
SAE AS 568A.
4.4.6.2 OS&Y valves. A stufng box shall be provided to contain stem
packing.
4.4.6.2.1 Stufng-box packing shall be made of fax conforming to Fed.
Spec. HH-P-106d. Hemp, asbestos, or jute packing shall not be used.
4.4.6.2.2 Stufng boxes shall have a depth not less than the diameter of
the valve stem.
4.4.6.2.3 Te internal diameter of the stufng box shall be large enough to
contain adequate packing to prevent leakage around the stem.
4.4.6.2.4 Stufng boxes shall be packed properly and ready for service
when valves are delivered to the purchaser.
4.4.6.2.5 Stufng-box bolts may need to be adjusted to stop leakage at the
time of installation.
4.4.6.3 Packing glands, gland followers, gland bolts, and gland-bolt nuts.
Te packing gland assembly shall be of solid, solid-bushed, or two-piece designs.
4.4.6.3.1 Followers may be formed as a fanged end on the gland or as a
separate item.
4.4.6.3.2 Packing glands shall be made of a copper alloy, synthetic poly-
mer, gray iron, or ductile iron.
4.4.6.3.3 If a gland follower is used, it shall be made of either ductile iron
or gray iron or a copper alloy.
4.4.6.3.4 Gland bolts and nuts shall be according to Sec. 4.4.4.
4.4.6.3.5 Gland-bolt nuts shall be made of a copper alloy or stainless steel.
4.4.6.4 Stem-seal replacement.
4.4.6.4.1 NRS valves shall be designed so that the seal above the stem collar
can be replaced with the valve under pressure in the fully open position.
4.4.6.4.2 Design of OS&Y valves shall be such that the stufng box can be
packed when the valves are in the fully open position and under pressure.
Copyright © 201 6 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.
20 AWWA C51 5 -1 5
4.4.7.6 Color coding. Wrench nuts and handwheels that open the valve
by turning to the right (clockwise) shall be painted red, and wrench nuts and
handwheels that open the valve by turning to the left (counterclockwise) shall be
painted black.
4.4.8 Gearing. If gears are required by the purchase documents, they
shall be accurately formed and smooth running, with a pinion shaft operating in a
bronze, self-lubricating, or permanently sealed antifriction bearing.
4.4.8.1 Material. Geared valves shall be equipped with steel, ductile-iron,
or gray-iron gears.
4.4.8.1 .1 If cast-iron gears are provided, the pinion shall be steel.
4.4.8.1 .2 Material for steel gears shall be AS TM A27 Grade U-60-30 or
equivalent.
4.4.8.2 Gear cases. Valves using O-ring or V-type stem seals may have
the gear case attached directly to the valve.
4.4.8.2.1 When geared valves are provided, enclosed gear cases are required
unless defnitely excluded by the purchaser’s requirements.
4.4.8.3 Indicators. When required by the purchase documents, geared
valves shall be equipped with indicators to show the position of the gate in relation
to the waterway.
4.4.8.4 Gear ratio. Gear ratios shall not be less than those shown in
Table 10.
4.4.8.5 Input torque. Te maximum input torque shall be as recommended
by the manufacturer.
4.4.8.6 Wrench nut/handwheel. Geared valves may have a fabricated
wrench nut or handwheel with an “open” direction tag and arrow mechanically
secured.
Table 10 Gear ratios
Nominal Valve Size
in. (mm)* Minimum Gear Ratio
16–24 (400–600) 2:1
30–36 (750–900) 3:1
42–54 (1,050–1,350) 4:1
* Nominal valve size mm is soft conversion (nominal in. size × 25).
4.4.9 Bypasses. Bypass sizes vary depending on the type of bypass and the
manufacturer’s valve design.
4.4.9.1 Size. If a bypass is required by the purchase documents, the
bypass size shall be by agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer.
SECTION 5: VERIFICATION
5.1 .1 .3.1 Te valves shall be drip-tight under the rated pressure diferential
applied alternately to each side of the gate after the completion of the tests.
5.1 .1 .4 Hydrostatic shell test. One prototype of each valve size shall be
tested to 2.5 times the rated working pressure with the gate in the open position.
5.1 .1 .4.1 For a period of 5 minutes, there shall be no rupture or cracking of
the valve body, valve bonnet, or seal plate.
5.1 .1 .4.2 Leakage at pressure-containing joints shall not be a cause for fail-
ure of the test.
5.1 .1 .4.3 No part of the valve shall remain visibly deformed after the test.
5.1 .2 Production testing. After manufacture, each gate valve shall be sub-
jected to operation and hydrostatic tests at the manufacturer’s plant as specifed in
this section.
5.1 .2.1 Operation test. Each valve shall be operated through a complete
cycle to ensure proper functioning of parts.
5.1 .2.1 .1 Any defects in workmanship shall be corrected, and the test
repeated until a satisfactory performance is demonstrated.
5.1 .2.2 Shell test. A hydrostatic test pressure equal to twice the rated
working pressure of the valve shall be applied to the assembled valve with the gate
in the open position.
5.1.2.2.1 Te test shall show no leakage through the metal pressure-
containing joints or stem seals.
5.1 .2.3 Seat test. A hydrostatic test shall be made from each direction at
a minimum of the rated working pressure to prove the sealing ability of each valve
from both directions of fow.
5.1.2.3.1 Te test shall show no leakage through the metal pressure-
containing joints or past the seat.
Sec. 5.2 Plant Inspection and Rejection
5.2.1 Plant inspection. Work performed according to this standard,
except prototype testing, shall be subject to inspection and acceptance by the pur-
chaser, who shall have access to places of manufacture where these valves are being
produced and tested.
5.2.2 Rejection. Any valve or part that may be determined as not con-
forming to the requirements of this standard shall be made satisfactory, or it shall
be rejected and repaired or replaced by the manufacturer.
5.2.2.1 Repair. Repaired valves must be acceptable to the purchaser and
specifcally accepted when submitted or resubmitted.
Copyright © 201 6 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.
REDUCED -WALL, RESI LIEN T-SEATED G ATE VALVES FOR WATER SUPPLY SERVI CE 25
speci fcations, direction of opening, size and shape of operating nut, number of
turns to open or close, and type of end connections. A visual inspection of the
seating surfaces should be performed to detect any damage during shipment or
scoring of the seating surfaces. Inspection personnel should look for bent stems,
broken handwheels, cracked parts, loose bolts, missing parts and accessories, and
any other evidence of mishandling during shipment. Each valve should be oper-
ated through one complete opening-and-closing cycle in the position in which it
is to be installed.
in the closed position. Each valve should be placed on frm footing in the trench to
prevent settling and excessive strain on the connection to the pipe. Piping systems
should be supported and aligned to avoid damage to the valve.
A.5.2.2 A valve box or vault should be provided for each valve used in a
buried-service application. Te valve box should be installed so as not to transmit
loads or stress to the valve, valve stem, or piping system. Te valve box should be
centered over the operating nut of the valve with the box cover fush with the sur-
face of the fnished area or another level as directed by the purchaser. Valve boxes
should be designed so that a trafc load on the top of the box is not transmitted to
the valve stem or piping system.
A.5.2.3 Valves buried in unusually deep trenches have special provisions
for operating the valve. Tese are either a riser on the stem to permit a normal key
to be used or a notation on valve records that a long key will be required.
A.5.2.4 When valves with exposed gearing or operating mechanisms are
installed belowground, a vault designed to allow pipe clearance and prevent set-
tling on the pipe should be provided. Te operating nut should be accessible from
the top opening of the vault with a valve key. Te size of the vault should provide
for easy removal of the valve bonnet and internal parts of the valve for purposes
of repair. Consideration should be given to the possible entry of groundwater or
surface water and to the need to provide for the disposal thereof.
Sec. A.5.3 Aboveground Installation
Valves installed aboveground or in a plant piping system should be supported
and aligned to avoid damage to the valve. Valves should not be used to correct
misalignment of piping.
Sec. A.5.4 Inspection
After installation and before pressurization of the valve, pressure-containing
bolting (bonnet, seal plate, packing gland, and end connections) should be inspected
for adequate tightness to prevent leakage. In addition, an inspection should be made
for adequate tightness of tapped and plugged openings to the valve interior. Proper
inspection at this time will minimize the possibility of leaks after the piping system
has been pressurized.
Sec. A.5.5 Testing
T o prevent time lost searching for leaks, it is recommended that valve exca-
vations not be backflled until pressure tests have been completed. After instal-
lation, it is desirable to test newly installed piping sections, including valves, at
some pressure above the system design pressure. Te test pressure should not exceed
the rated working pressure of the valve. After the test, steps should be taken to relieve
any trapped pressure in the body of the valve. Te resilient-seated gate valve should
not be operated in either the opening or closing directions at diferential pressures
above the rated working pressure. It should be noted that valves seat better at or near
the rated working pressure of the valve. In addition, wear or foreign material may
damage valve seating surfaces and may cause leakage (see ANSI/AWWA C600).
Sec. A.5.6 Records
Once the valve is installed, the valve location, size, make, type, date of instal-
lation, number of turns to open, direction of opening, and other information
deemed pertinent should be entered on permanent records.
Sec. A.5.7 Application Hazards
Resilient-seated gate valves should not be installed in applications or for ser-
vice other than those recommended by the manufacturer. Te following list of
precautions is not inclusive but will help avoid some applications hazards.
A.5.7.1 Resilient-seated gate valves should not be installed in lines where
service pressure will exceed the rated working pressure of the valve.
A.5.7.2 Resilient-seated gate valves should not be used for throttling service
unless the design is specifcally recommended for that purpose or accepted in ad-
vance by the manufacturer.
A.5.7.3 Resilient-seated gate valves should not be used in applications that
are exposed to freezing temperatures unless sufcient fow is maintained through
the valve or other protection is provided to prevent freezing.
A.5.7.4 Pipe, fttings, and valves installed in underground piping are gener-
ally joined with push-on or mechanical joints. Tese joints are considered unre-
strained-type joints because no signifcant restraint against longitudinal separation
is provided.
Gate valves should not be installed at a dead end or near a bend in a pipeline
without proper and adequate restraint to support the valve and prevent it from
blowing of the end of the line. Rigid piping systems incorporating fanged valves
are not recommended for buried service.
Trust blocks, restrained joints, or other means of restraint are needed on
or adjacent to valves on pipelines; or where unusual conditions exist, such as high
internal pressures, adjacent fttings, or unsuitable soils; or as a means to anchor a
pressurized pipe section when an adjacent section is depressurized to be modifed
or repaired.
Copyright © 201 6 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.
REDUCED-WALL, RESI LI EN T-SEATED G ATE VALVES FOR WATER SUPPLY SERVI CE 31
A.5.7.5 To prevent damage, 3-in. (75-mm) NPS and 4-in. (100-mm) NPS
resilient-seated gate valves should not be operated with input torques greater than
200 ft-lb (270 Nm). Gate valves 6-in. (150-mm) NPS to 16-in. (400-mm) NPS
should not be operated with input torques greater than 300 ft-lb (406 Nm). For
valves larger than 16 in. (400 mm), consult the manufacturer.
SECTION A.6: MAINTENANCE
Sec. A.6.1 Valve Exercising
Each valve should be operated through a full cycle and returned to its normal
position on a time schedule that is designed to prevent a buildup of tuberculation
or other deposits that could render the valve inoperable or prevent a tight shutof.
Te interval of time between operations of valves in critical locations or valves sub-
jected to severe operating conditions should be shorter than for other less impor-
tant installations, but it can be whatever time period is found to be satisfactory
based on local experience. Te number of turns required to complete the operation
cycle should be recorded and compared with permanent installation records to
ensure full gate travel.
When using portable auxiliary power actuators with input torque capacities
exceeding the maximum operating torques recommended in Sec. A.5.7.5, extreme
care should be taken to avoid applying excessive torque to the valve stem. If the
actuator has a torque-limiting device, it should be set below the values in Sec. A.5.7.5.
If there is no torque-limiting device, the recommended practice is to stop the power
actuator three or four turns before the valve is fully opened or fully closed and com-
plete the operation manually.
Maintenance should be performed at the time a malfunction is discovered to
avoid a return trip to the same valve or to prevent neglecting it altogether. A record-
ing system should be adopted that provides a written record of valve location, con-
dition, maintenance, and each subsequent inspection of the valve.
Sec. A.6.2 Inspection
Each valve should be operated through one complete operating cycle. If the
stem action is tight, the operation should be repeated several times until proper
operation is achieved. With the gate in the partially open position, a visual inspec-
tion should be performed, where practical, to check for leakage at joints, connec-
tions, and areas of packing or seals. If leakage is observed, defective O-rings, seals,
1 P –2M 43 51 5 -2 01 5 (0 3 /1 6) I W P ri n te d o n Re c ycl e d Pa p e r