ANSI/AWWA C512-15

(Revi si on of AN SI /AW WA C51 2- 07 )

®
AWWA Standard

Air-Release, Air/Vacuum,
and Combination Air
Valves for Water and
Wastewater Service

Efecti ve date N ov. 1 , 201 5.

First edition approved by AWWA Board o f Directors Jan. 26, 1 992.
This edition approved: J une 7, 201 5.
Approved by American N ational Standards Institute: J ul y 6, 201 5.

SM

Copyright © 201 5 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

AWWA Standard
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describe minimum requirements and do not contain all o f the engineering and administrative in formation normally
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lowing the month o f Journal - American Water Works Association publication o f the o f cial notice.

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ISBN-1 3, print: 978-1 -62576-1 1 8-7 eISBN-1 3, electronic: 978-1 -61 300-349-7
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/1 0.1 2999/AWWA.C51 2.1 5

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Copyright © 201 5 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

 Committee Personnel
Te AWWA Standards Committee on Air Valves, which developed and approved this standard,
had the following personnel at the time of approval:
Miles E. Wollam, Chair
General Interest Members
A. Ali, ADA Consulting Ltd., Surrey, B.C., Canada (AWWA)
D.E. Barr, ms consultants inc., Columbus, Ohio (AWWA)
J.J. Cusack Jr., Bryant Associates, Braintree, Mass. (AWWA)
R. DiLorenzo, Mundelein, Ill. (AWWA)
D.M. Flancher,* Standards Engineer Liaison, AWWA, Denver, Colo. (AWWA)
R.G. Fuller,† HDR Engineering Inc., Denver, Colo. (AWWA)
F.H. Hanson, Albert A. Webb Associates, Riverside, Calif. (AWWA)
D.L. McPherson, HDR Engineering Inc., Charlotte, N.C. (AWWA)
W.L. Meinholz, AB&H, A Donahue Group, Chicago, Ill. (AWWA)
J.W. Snead II, JQ Infrastructure, Dallas, Texas (AWWA)
T.J. Stolinski Jr., Black & Veatch Corporation, Kansas City, Mo. (AWWA)
M. Stuhr,† Standards Council Liaison, Portland Water Bureau, Portland, Ore. (AWWA)
R.J. Wahanik, Worley Parsons, Reading, Pa. (AWWA)
R.A. Ward, Tighe & Bond, Westfeld, Mass. (AWWA)
M.E. Wollam, MWH Global, Pasadena, Calif. (AWWA)
Producer Members
D. Alexander, Cla-Val Company, Costa Mesa, Calif. (AWWA)
J.V. Ballun, Val-Matic Valve & Manufacturing Corporation, Elmhurst, Ill. (AWWA)
L. Larson,† DeZURIK-APCO-Hilton Inc., Sartell, Minn. (AWWA)
B.J. Lewis, Crispin Multiplex Manufacturing Company, Berwick, Pa. (AWWA)
W.J. Nicholl, GA Industries LLC, Cranberry Township, Pa. (AWWA)
T. O’Shea, DeZURIK-APCO-Hilton Inc., Schaumburg, Ill. (AWWA)
K. Sorenson,† A.R.I. Flow Control Accessories, South Jordan, Utah (AWWA)
J.M. Radtke, Valve Tech Sales, Mountain Top, Pa. (AWWA)
* Liaison, nonvoting
† Alternate
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J.H. Wilber, American AVK, Littleton, Colo. (AWWA)
N. Zloczower, A.R.I. Flow Control Accessories, Israel (AWWA)

User Members

L. Aguiar, Miami Dade Water and Sewer Department, Miami, Fla. (AWWA)
J.H. Bambei Jr., Denver Water Department, Denver, Colo. (AWWA)
N.E. Gronlund, East Bay Municipal Utility District, Oakland, Calif. (AWWA)
M. MacConnell, Metro Vancouver, Burnaby, B.C., Canada (AWWA)
B. Schade, WaterOne, Lenexa, Kan. (AWWA)
P. Ries,* Denver Water Department, Denver, Colo. (AWWA)

* Alternate

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 Contents
All AWWA standards follow the general format indicated subsequently. Some variations from this
format may be found in a particular standard.
SEC. PAGE
Foreword
I Introduction .................................... vii
I.A Background..................................... vii
I.B History............................................ vii
I.C Acceptance ..................................... viii
II Special Issues. ................................... ix
II.A Advisory Information on Product
Application................................. ix
II.B Venting ............................................ ix
II.C Service.............................................. ix
II.D Pressure Surge Suppression ............... ix
II.E Pipeline Water Column Separation
Protection.................................... x
II.F Minimum Test Pressure .................... x
II.G Maximum Test Pressure .................... x
II.H Internal Protective Coating for
Wastewater Air Valves ................. x
II.I Releasing or Venting.......................... x
II.J Chlorine and Chloramine
Degradation of Elastomers .......... x
III Use of Tis Standard ......................... x
III.A Purchaser Options and
Alternatives ................................. x
III.B Modifcation to Standard ................ xii
IV Major Revisions............................... xii
V Comments ...................................... xii
Copyright © 201 5 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.
SEC. PAGE
Standard
1 General
1.1 Scope ................................................ 1
1.2 Purpose ............................................. 1
1.3 Application........................................ 1
References ........................................ 2
2
3 Def nitions ....................................... 4
4 Requirements
4.1 Data to Be Provided by
Manufacturer or Supplier ............ 6
4.2 Materials ........................................... 6
4.3 General Design and Detailed
Design Requirements .................. 8
4.4 Welding and Fabrication ................. 11
4.5 Workmanship and Coatings ............ 12
5 Veri fcation
5.1 Testing ............................................ 13
5.2 Inspection ....................................... 13
5.3 Rejection ......................................... 14
6 Delivery
6.1 Marking .......................................... 14
6.2 Preparation for Shipment................. 14
6.3 Afdavit of Compliance .................. 14
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 Foreword
Tis foreword is for information only and is not a part ofANSI*/AWWA C512.

I. Introduction.
I.A. Background. Air valves have been used in the United States for over a
century on liquid piping systems that provide water and wastewater service. Tey
perform various functions in providing a safe and efcient operation of a liquid
piping system. Teir functions include (1) automatically releasing small pockets of
accumulated air and wastewater gases, and (2) admitting or venting large quantities of
air during the draining or flling operation of a liquid piping system. Following are the
three basic types of air valves:
1. Air-release valves, also called small-orifce valves, are designed to automati-
cally release small pockets of accumulated air and wastewater gases from a liquid pip-
ing system while the system operates at a pressure exceeding atmospheric pressure.
2. Air/vacuum valves, also called large-orifce valves, are designed to vent large
quantities of air automatically during a liquid piping system flling and to admit large
quantities of air automatically when the pressure in the liquid piping system drops
below atmospheric pressure.
3. Combination air valves are designed to perform the same function as air/
vacuum valves but, in addition, they will automatically release small pockets of accu-
mulated air and wastewater gases from a liquid piping system while the system operates
at a pressure exceeding atmospheric pressure, like an air-release valve.
I.B. History. Te AWWA Standards Committee on Waterworks Air-Release
Valves was authorized on Nov. 17, 1984, in response to the water industry’s request for
a standard on air valves. Te frst edition of this standard entitled Air-Release, Air/
Vacuum, and Combination Air Valves for Waterworks Service, designated as AWWA/
ANSI C512, was approved by the AWWA Board of Directors on Jan. 26, 1992, the
second edition on June 20, 1999, the third edition on June 13, 2004, and the fourth
edition on June 24, 2007. In 2009, the committee name was changed to Air Valve
Committee to refect the committee’s attention to both the water and wastewater
industries. Tis edition entitled Air-Release, Air/Vacuum, and Combination Air Valves
for Water and Wastewater Service was approved on June 7, 2015.

* American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10036.
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 I.C. Acceptance. In May 1985, the US Environmental Protection Agency
(USEPA) entered into a cooperative agreement with a consortium led by NSF
International* (NSF) to develop voluntary third-party consensus standards and a
certifcation program for direct and indirect drinking water additives. Other members of
the original consortium included the Water Research Foundation (formerly AwwaRF)
and the Conference of State Health and Environmental Managers (COSHEM). Te
American Water Works Association (AWWA) and the Association of State Drinking
Water Administrators (ASDWA) joined later.
In the United States, authority to regulate products for use in, or in contact with,
drinking water rests with individual states.† Local agencies may choose to impose
requirements more stringent than those required by the state. To evaluate the health
efects of products and drinking water additives from such products, state and local
agencies may use various references, including
1. An advisory program formerly administered by USEPA, Ofce of Drinking
Water, discontinued on Apr. 7, 1990.
2. Specifc policies of the state or local agency.
3. Te standard developed under the direction ofNSF: NSF/ANSI 61, Drinking
Water System Components—Health Efects.
4. Other references, including AWWA standards, Food Chemicals Codex,
Water Chemicals Codex,‡ and other standards considered appropriate by the state or
local agency.
Various certifcation organizations may be involved in certifying products in accor-
dance with NSF/ANSI 61. Individual states or local agencies have authority to accept
or accredit certifcation organizations within their jurisdictions. Accreditation of certi-
fcation organizations may vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction.
Annex A, “Toxicology Review and Evaluation Procedures,” to NSF/ANSI 61 does
not stipulate a maximum allowable level (MAL) of a contaminant for substances not
regulated by a USEPA fnal maximum contaminant level (MCL). Te MALs of an
unspecifed list of “unregulated contaminants” are based on toxicity testing guidelines
(noncarcinogens) and risk characterization methodology (carcinogens). Use of Annex A
procedures may not always be identical, depending on the certifer.
* NSF International, 789 North Dixboro Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 (formerly the National
Sanitation Foundation).
† Persons outside the United States should contact the appropriate authority having jurisdiction.
‡ Both publications available from National Academy of Sciences, 500 Fifth Street, NW, Washington,
DC 20001.
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 AWWA/ANSI C512 does not address additives requirements. Users of this stan-
dard should consult the appropriate state or local agency having jurisdiction in order to
1. Determine additives requirements, including applicable standards.
2. Determine the status of certifcations by parties ofering to certify products
for contact with, or treatment of, drinking water.
3. Determine current information on product certifcation.
An ANSI-approved national standard, NSF/ANSI 372, Drinking Water System
Components—Lead Content, was published in 2010. On Jan. 4, 2011, legislation
was signed revising the defnition for “lead free” within the Safe Drinking Water Act
(SDWA) as it pertains to “pipe, pipe fttings, plumbing fttings, and fxtures.” Te
changes went into efect on Jan. 4, 2014. In brief, the new provisions to the SDWA
require that wetted surfaces of these products meet a weighted average lead content of
not more than 0.25 percent.
II. Special Issues.
II.A. Advisory Information on Product Application. For additional guidance
regarding selecting, sizing, locating, and installing air-release, air/vacuum, and
combination air valves, see AWWA Manual M51, Air-Release, Air/Vacuum, and
Combination Air Valves.
II.B. Venting. When selecting types of air valves, it must be noted that air/
vacuum valves, once closed, will not reopen to vent air and wastewater gases while a
liquid piping system operates at a pressure exceeding atmospheric pressure. To vent air
and wastewater gases from a liquid piping system operating at a pressure exceeding
atmospheric pressure, an air-release valve or combination air valve is required. Air/
vacuum and combination air valve orifces should be suitably sized using the
manufacturer’s sizing data, to admit air and to release air and wastewater gases at a
required fow rate specifc to the system application.
II.C. Service. Air valves are designed for either water or wastewater service. Te
type of service must be specifed.
II.D. Pressure Surge Suppression. Large outlet-orifce sizes on air/vacuum and
combination air valves (air-release valves not included) may allow the rapid venting of
air and wastewater gases followed by the sudden orifce closure that may cause pipeline
pressure surges. To suppress surges, the attachment of throttling devices on the outlet
of the air/vacuum valve or combination air valve or the attachment of slow-closing
devices on the outlet or inlet of the air/vacuum valve or combination air valve should
be considered.

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 II.E. Pipeline Water Column Separation Protection. On pipeline applications
where water column separations may occur, a vacuum breaker with air-release valve or
a combination air valve with restricted outfow should be considered.
II.F. Minimum Test Pressure. Air valves for water and wastewater service are
tested at minimum pressure of 20 psig. If air valves are to be tested at a lower pressure,
the lower pressure should be designated by the purchaser (see item 28 of III.A).
Wastewater air valves may need to operate and seal at pressures below 20 psig during
gravity fow, low pressure fow, and static nonfow conditions.
II.G. Maximum Test Pressure. Air valves for water and wastewater service are
tested at 1.5 times the design pressure. If air valves need to operate at higher pressures
because of transients or initial pipeline tests, the maximum operating pressure should
be designated by the purchaser (see item 3 of III.A).
II.H. Internal Protective Coating for Wastewater Air Valves. An internal smooth
protective coating should be considered to reduce clogging and prevent corrosion.
Refer to item 24 of III.A to designate an internal coating.
II.I. Releasing or Venting. Te releasing or venting of air and wastewater gases,
if present, may involve additional environmental issues regarding corrosion and odors.
II.J. Chlorine and Chloramine Degradation of Elastomers. Te selection
of materials is critical for water service and distribution piping in locations where
there is a possibility that elastomers will be in contact with chlorine or chloramines.
Documented research has shown that elastomers such as gaskets, seals, valve seats, and
encapsulations may be degraded when exposed to chlorine or chloramines. Te impact
of degradation is a function of the type of elastomeric material, chemical concentration,
contact surface area, elastomer cross section, and environmental conditions as well as
temperature. Careful selection of and specifcations for elastomeric materials and the
specifcs of their application for each water system component should be considered to
provide long-term usefulness and minimum degradation (swelling, loss of elasticity, or
softening) of the elastomer specifed.
III. Use of Tis Standard. It is the responsibility of the user of an AWWA
standard to determine that the products described in that standard are suitable for use
in the particular application being considered.
III.A. Purchaser Options and Alternatives. Tis standard includes certain options
and alternatives, summarized in the following list, that the purchaser should designate
when purchasing air valves described in this standard. Te purchaser should review
each item and make appropriate provisions in procurement documents to stipulate

Copyright © 201 5 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

additional requirements. Te following information should be provided in procurement
documents by the purchaser:
1. Standard used—that is, AWWA/ANSI C512, Air-Release, Air/Vacuum, and
Combination Air Valves for Water and Wastewater Service, of latest revision.
2. Valve size.
3. Design pressure and minimum and maximum operating pressure of each
valve (Sec. II.F and II.G).
4. Quantity required.
5. Type of installation (underground, in-plant, in-vault, or outdoor).
6. Warranty statement, if other than manufacturer’s standard warranty.
7. Whether compliance with NSF/ANSI 61, Drinking Water System
Components—Health Efects, is required.
8. Valve type—air-release valve, air/vacuum valve, or combination air valve
(Section 3).
9. Catalog data, if required (Sec. 4.1 .1).
10. Certifed drawings, if required (Sec. 4.1 .2).
11. Operating manual, if required (Sec. 4.1 .3).
12. Details of other federal, state or provincial, and local requirements (Sec. 4.2.1).
13. Records of physical and chemical tests, if required (Sec. 4.2.2).
14. Cover bolt materials of construction (Sec. 4.2.2.4 and Sec. 4.3.2.6).
15. Body inlet confguration, threaded or fanged (Sec. 4.3.2.1 .1).
16. Size of inlet port connection if different from the nominal valve size
(Sec. 4.3.2.1.2).
17. Ball valves and fttings for backwash equipment, if required (Sec. 4.3.2.1 .3).
18. Flanges, if other than fat-faced (Sec. 4.3.2.2.1).
19. Intended service whether potable water, nonpotable water, or wastewater
(Sec. 4.3.2.9).
20. Cover outlet confguration—threaded, fanged, or hooded (Sec. 4.3.2.10).
21. Whether a slow-closing device is required on the valve inlet for water and on
the valve outlet for wastewater (Sec. 4.3.3).
22. Whether a throttling device is required on the valve outlet (Sec. 4.3.4).
23. Whether weld examination is required (Sec. 4.4.6).
24. Internal protective coating, if required (Sec. 4.5.2.2).
25. If required, special external protective coatings, if other than the manufac-
turer’s standard coating (Sec. 4.5.2.3).
26. Holiday testing, if required (Sec. 4.5.2.4).
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 27. Records of tests, if required (Section 5).
28. Lower test pressure, if required (Sec. 5.1.2.1 and 5.1.2.2 and 5.1.3).
29. Plant inspection by purchaser (Sec. 5.2).
30. A fdavit of compliance, if required (Sec. 6.3).
III.B. Modifcation to Standard. f
Any modi cation to the provisions, de nitions,f
or terminology in this standard must be provided by the purchaser.
IV. Major Revisions. Major changes made to the standard in this revision
include the following:
1. f
Modi ed title and scope to include considerations and requirements for air
valves for wastewater service.
2. Reduced lead requirements for materials in contact with potable water were
included where appropriate.
3. f
Scope of standard was modi ed to include steel and stainless-steel bodies;
and requirements were added in the material section as appropriate.
4. f
De nitions of various waters were added.
5. Pressure testing requirements for air valves in wastewater applications were
added.
6. Cleanouts for air valves in wastewater applications were added.
7. Internal Coating and External Coating sections were modi ed to include f
coating requirements and testing for air valves in water and wastewater applications.
8. Welding and fabrication requirements were added.
V. Comments. If you have any comments or questions about this standard,
T
please call the AWWA Engineering and echnical Services Department at 303.794.7711,
FAX at 303.795.7603; write to the department at 6666 West Quincy Avenue, Denver,
CO 80235 -3098; or email at standards@awwa.org.

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 ANSI/AWWA C512-15
(Revi si on of AN SI /AW WA C51 2- 07 )

® AWWA Standard

Air-Release, Air/Vacuum, and

Combination Air Valves for Water
and Wastewater Service

SEC TI ON 1 : G EN ER AL

Sec. 1.1 Scope

Tis standard describes ½-in. (13-mm) through 6-in. (150-mm) air-release
valves and ½-in. (13-mm) through 20-in. (500-mm) air/vacuum valves and com-
bination air valves having gray cast-iron, ductile-iron, carbon steel, or stainless-steel
bodies and covers. Te valves are designed for use in water or wastewater systems
with maximum design pressures of 300 psig (2,070 kPa [gauge]), liquid tempera-
tures ranging from above freezing to a maximum of 125°F (52°C), and a liquid pH
greater than 6 and less than 12.
Sec. 1.2 Purpose
Te purpose of this standard is to provide the minimum requirements for
air-release valves, air/vacuum valves, and combination air valves for water and
wastewater service, including material, design, testing, inspection, marking, and
packaging for shipment.
Sec. 1.3 Application
Tis standard can be referenced in documents for air-release valves, air/vacuum
valves, or combination air valves. Te stipulations of this standard apply when this
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Copyright © 201 5 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

2  AWWA C51 2-1 5

document has been referenced and then only to air-release valves, air/vacuum valves,
or combination air valves for water and wastewater service.
SECTION 2: REFERENCES
Tis standard references the following documents. In their latest editions,
these documents form a part of this standard to the extent specifed in this stan-
dard. In any case of confict, the requirements of this standard shall prevail.
ANSI*/AWWA C550—Protective Interior Coatings for Valves and Hydrants.
ASME† B1.20.1 —Pipe Tread, General Purpose, Inch.
ASME B16.1 —Gray Iron Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings: Classes 25, 125,
and 250.
ASME B16.42—Ductile Iron Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings: Classes 150
and 300.
ASME B16.5 —Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings: NPS ½ Trough NPS
24 Metric/Inch Standard.
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section IX—Welding and Brazing
Qualifcations.
AS TM‡ A36/A36M—Standard Specifcation for Carbon Structural Steel.
ASTM A48/A48M—Standard Specifcation for Gray Iron Castings.
ASTM A105/A105M—Standard Specifcation for Carbon Steel Forgings for
Piping Applications.
ASTM A126—Standard Specifcation for Gray Iron Castings for Valves,
Flanges, and Pipe Fittings.
ASTM A240/A240M—Standard Specifcation for Chromium and Chro-
mium-Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip for Pressure Vessels and for
General Applications.
ASTM A276/A276M—Standard Specifcation for Stainless Steel Bars and
Shapes.
ASTM A285/A285M—Standard Specifcation for Pressure Vessel Plates,
Carbon Steel, Low- and Intermediate-Tensile Strength.

* American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10036.
† ASME International, 2 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016.
‡ AS TM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428.

Copyright © 201 5 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

 AI R-RELEASE, AI R/VACUUM , AN D COM BIN ATI ON AI R VALVES  3

ASTM A307—Standard Specifcation for Carbon Steel Bolts, Studs, and

Treaded Rod 60,000 PSI Tensile Strength.
ASTM A351/A351M—Standard Specifcation for Castings, Austenitic, for
Pressure-Containing Parts.
AS TM A516/A516M—Standard Specifcation for Pressure Vessel Plates,
Carbon Steel, for Moderate- and Lower-Temperature Service.
ASTM A536—Standard Specifcation for Ductile Iron Castings.
ASTM A572/A572M—Standard Specifcation for High-Strength Low-Alloy
Columbium-Vanadium Structural Steel.
ASTM A573/A573M—Standard Specifcation for Structural Carbon Steel
Plates of Improved Toughness.
ASTM A666—Standard Specifcation for Annealed or Cold-Worked Aus-
tenitic Stainless Steel Sheet, Strip, Plate and Flat Bar.
ASTM A743/A743M—Standard Specifcation for Castings, Iron-Chromium,
Iron–Chromium–Nickel, Corrosion Resistant, for General Application.
ASTM B154—Standard Test Method for Mercurous Nitrate Test for Copper
Alloys.
ASTM D395—Standard Test Methods for Rubber Property—Compression
Set.
AS TM D471—Standard Test Method for Rubber Property—Efect of
Liquids.
ASTM D1149—Standard Test Methods for Rubber Deterioration-Cracking
in an Ozone Controlled Environment.
ASTM D2000—Standard Classifcation System for Rubber Products in
Automotive Applications.
ASTM E165/E165M—Standard Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination
for General Industry.
ASTM E709—Standard Guide for Magnetic Particle Testing.
AWS* A5.1 /A5.1 M—Specifcation for Carbon Steel Electrodes for Shielded
Metal Arc Welding.
AWS A5.4/A5.4M—Specifcation for Stainless Steel Electrodes for Shielded
Metal Arc Welding.
AWS A5.5/A5.5 —Specifcation for Low Alloy Steel Electrodes for Shielded
Metal Arc Welding.
* Te American Welding Society, 8669 NW 36 Street, #130, Miami, FL 33166-6672.

Copyright © 201 5 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

4  AWWA C51 2-1 5

AWS D1.1 /D1.1 M—Structural Welding Code—Steel.

AWS D1.6/D1.6M—Structural Welding Code—Stainless Steel.
AWWA Manual M51, Air-Release, Air/Vacuum, and Combination Air Valves.
NSF*/ANSI 61—Drinking Water System Components—Health Efects.
NSF/ANSI 372—Drinking Water System Components—Lead Content.
SSPC† SP10/NACE‡ No. 2 —Near-White Blast Cleaning.
SECTION 3: DEFINITIONS
Te following defnitions shall apply in this standard:
1. Air fow rate: Te fow rate expressed in standard cubic feet per minute
(SCFM) for air passing through a square-edged orifce at standard atmospheric con-
ditions of temperature at 60°F (16°C) and pressure of 14.7 psia (101 kPa absolute).
2. Air-release valve: A hydromechanical device designed to automatically
release to the atmosphere small pockets of accumulated air and wastewater gases as
they accumulate within a full and pressurized liquid piping system.
3. Air/vacuum valve: A direct-acting, foat or diaphragm-operated, hydro-
mechanical device designed to automatically vent or admit large volumes of air dur-
ing the flling or draining of a liquid piping system. Tis valve will open to relieve
negative pressures and when closed will not reopen to vent air and wastewater gases
when the piping system is full and operating above atmospheric pressure.
4. Combination air valve: A device with a single valve body having the
features of both an air-release valve and an air/vacuum valve or a device with dual
valve bodies—one body having air-release valve features attached directly to or
attached by an interconnecting piping to a second body with air/vacuum valve
features.
5. Design pressure: Te maximum pressure rating a manufacturer specifes
for an air valve without exceeding the allowable stress of any of its components.
6. Manufacturer: Te party that manufactures, fabricates, or produces
materials or products.

* NSF International, 789 North Dixboro Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105.

† Te Society for Protective Coatings, 40 24th Street, 6th Floor, Pittsburgh, PA 15222.
‡ NACE International, 1440 South Creek Drive, Houston, TX 77084.

Copyright © 201 5 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

 AI R-RELEASE, AI R/VACUUM , AN D COM BIN ATI ON AI R VALVES  5

7. Operating pressure: Te maximum and minimum pressure in pounds

per square inch (psi), or kilopascals (kPa), in which an air valve is designed to func-
tion. It is also referred to as working pressure.
8. Orifce: Te opening in the air valve mechanism through which air and
wastewater gases are vented from or air is admitted into the liquid piping system.
9. Potable water: Water that is safe and satisfactory for drinking and
cooking.
10. Purchaser: Te person, company, or organization that purchases any
materials or work to be performed.
11. Raw water: Raw water is also referred to as source water. See Source
water.
12. Reclaimed wastewater: Wastewater that becomes suitable for benefcial
use as a result of treatment.
13. Slow-closing device: A mechanical device mounted on the inlet of an
air/vacuum valve or combination air valve for water service to control the infow of
air from the liquid piping system, or mounted on the outlet of an air/vacuum valve
or combination air valve for wastewater service to restrict the fow of air exiting the
valve. Note: On dual-body combination air valves slow-closing devices are inef-
fective if installed on air-release valve bodies due to their small outlet-orifce sizes.
14. Source water: Water from a supply source with visual debris removed
before formal treatment, conveyance, and distribution. Source water is also referred
to as raw water.
15. Supplier: Te party that supplies material or services. A supplier may
or may not be the manufacturer.
16. Trottling device: An adjustable mechanical device mounted on the
outlet of an air/vacuum valve or combination air valve to control the venting rate
of air and wastewater gases exiting the valve.
17. Trim: Te internal mechanisms of the valve including the foats, stems,
bushings, linkages, and orifces.
18. Vacuum breaker valve: A direct-acting foat-operated or hydrome-
chanical device designed to admit large volumes of air automatically when the
internal pressure in the liquid piping system drops below atmospheric pressure. Te
valve does not open to vent air.
19. Valve size: Te nominal diameter of the valve inlet at its connection
with the liquid piping system or the diameter of the outlet orifce when a larger
sized inlet connection is provided.

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6  AWWA C51 2-1 5

20. Wastewater: A combination of the used liquid and liquid-carried

waste from residences, commercial buildings, industrial plants, and institutions,
which may include the infow of groundwater, surface water, and stormwater that
may be present.
21. Water: Source, potable, or reclaimed wastewater used in water service.
22. Working pressure: Working pressure is also referred to as operating
pressure. See Operating pressure.

SECTION 4: REQUIREMENTS

Sec. 4.1 Data to Be Provided by Manufacturer or Supplier

If requested by the purchaser, the manufacturer or supplier shall provide the
following information:
4.1 .1 Catalog data. Te catalog data shall include illustrations, valve per-
formance data, a parts schedule that identifes the materials used for various parts,
and the total net assembled weight for each valve size.
4.1 .2 Certifed drawings. A set of certifed drawings shall include princi-
pal dimensions, construction details, and materials used for all parts of the valve.
4.1 .3 Operating manual. An operating manual shall include the man-
ufacturer’s installation and operating instructions, a recommended list of spare
parts, and the maintenance procedures. Te contents shall be sufciently detailed
to direct the assembly and disassembly of the valve and to direct the ordering of
parts.
Sec. 4.2 Materials
4.2.1 Materials. Materials for air valves shall comply with the require-
ments of the Safe Drinking Water Act and other federal regulations for source
water, potable water, wastewater, and reclaimed water systems as applicable.
4.2.2 Physical and chemical requirements. Te physical and chemical
requirements of the components of air-release, air/vacuum, and combination air
valves shall be as required by ANSI, AWWA, ASME, and AS TM standards ref-
erenced in this standard. Whenever valve components are made to conform to
ANSI, AWWA, ASME, or AS TM standards that include test requirements or test-
ing procedures, the valve manufacturer shall comply with the requirements and
procedures. Te records of all tests shall be made available to the purchaser if
required.

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 AI R-RELEASE, AI R/VACUUM , AN D COM BIN ATI ON AI R VALVES  7

4.2.2.1 Gray cast iron. Gray cast iron shall equal or exceed the require-
ments of ASTM A126, Class B, or AS TM A48/A48M, Class 35.
4.2.2.2 Brass or bronze. Valve components of brass or bronze shall
be made to AS TM requirements and shall have a minimum yield strength of
14,000 psi (96,500 kPa). Any bronze alloy used in the cold-worked condition
shall pass the mercurous nitrate test in accordance with AS TM B154 to mini-
mize susceptibility to stress corrosion.
4.2.2.2.1 Bronze parts subject to wetting by line contents shall be made
of low-zinc alloys containing less than 16 percent zinc. If aluminum-bronze is
used, the alloy shall be inhibited against dealuminization using a temper anneal at
1,200°F ±50°F (650°C ±28°C) for 1 hr/in. (25.4 mm) of section thickness, followed
by cooling in moving air or by water quenching.
4.2.2.3 Stainless steel. Stainless steel shall equal or exceed the requirements
of ASTM A240/A240M, Types 304 and 304L or Types 316 and 316L; ASTM A276,
Types 304 and 304L or Types 316 and 316L: AS TM A351/A351M, Grades CF8 or
CF8M; ASTM A666, Types 316 and 316L; or ASTM A743, Grades CF8 or CF8M.
4.2.2.4 Cover bolting. Cover bolting materials shall equal or exceed
the minimum physical strength requirements of AS TM A307, unless otherwise
required by the purchaser.
4.2.2.5 Ductile iron. Ductile iron shall equal or exceed the requirements
of AS TM A536, Grade 65-45-12.
4.2.2.6 Fabricated and forged carbon steel. Fabricated and forged carbon
steel shall equal or exceed the requirements of AS TM A36/A36M; AS TM A285,
Grades B and C; AS TM A516/A516M Grade 70; AS TM A572; ASTM A573; or
AS TM A105/A105M.
4.2.2.7 Fabricated stainless steel. Fabricated stainless steel shall equal or
exceed the requirements of AS TM A240/A240M.
4.2.2.8 Elastomers. Elastomers shall comply with the following:
4.2.2.8.1 Rubber shall be resistant to microbial attack, copper poisoning,
and ozone attack. Rubber compounds shall contain no more than 8 ppm of copper
ion and shall include copper inhibitors to prevent copper degradation of the rubber
material.
4.2.2.8.2 Rubber compounds shall be capable of withstanding an ozone-
resistance test when tested in accordance with ASTM D1149. Te tests shall be
conducted on the unstressed samples for 70 hr at 104°F (40°C) with an ozone

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8  AWWA C51 2-1 5

concentration of 0.5 ppm; and there shall be no visible cracking in the surfaces of
the test samples after tests.
4.2.2.8.3 Rubber compounds shall have a maximum compression set value
of 18 percent when tested in accordance with ASTM D395, Method B, for 22 hr
at 158°F (71°C).
4.2.2.8.4 Rubber compounds shall be free of vegetable oils, vegetable oil
derivatives, animal fats, and animal oils.
4.2.2.8.5 Rubber compounds shall contain no more than 1.5 parts wax
per 100 parts of rubber hydrocarbon and shall have less than a 2 percent volume
increase when tested in accordance with AS TM D471 after being immersed in
distilled water at 73.4°F ±2°F (23°C ±1°C) for 70 hr. Reclaimed rubber shall not
be used.
4.2.2.9 Gaskets. Gasket material shall be made of rubber composition
or paper that is free of asbestos or corrosive ingredients. O-rings or other suitable
elastomeric seals may be used for gaskets.
4.2.2.1 0 O-rings. O-rings shall be compounded in accordance with
ASTM D2000 and have physical properties suitable for the application.
Sec. 4.3 General Design and Detailed Design Requirements
4.3.1 General design.
4.3.1 .1 Allowable stress. Te allowable stress at valve design pressure shall
not exceed one-third of the yield strength or one-ffth of the ultimate strength of
the metallic materials used.
4.3.1 .2 Venting. Air-release valves and the air-release mechanism of com-
bination air valves shall be designed to open positively and release air and waste-
water gases to the atmosphere at system pressures up to the maximum operating
pressure, at a fow rate dictated by the venting orifce size.
4.3.2 Detailed design requirements.
4.3.2.1 Body and cover.
4.3.2.1 .1 Te material of construction for bodies and covers shall be of gray
cast iron, ductile iron, carbon steel, or stainless steel and shall have threaded or
f anged connections, as required by the purchaser.
4.3.2.1 .2 Large outlet orifces, air/vacuum valves, and combination air
valves 2-in. (50 mm) or larger shall have a minimum fow area equal to or greater
than the fow area of a circle having a diameter equivalent to the nominal valve
size. Valves for wastewater service smaller than 2-in. (50 mm) in size shall have
an enlarged inlet connection of at least 2 in. (50 mm) to reduce clogging. For

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 AI R-RELEASE, AI R/VACUUM , AN D COM BIN ATI ON AI R VALVES  9

wastewater air valves, the large orifce area and corresponding nominal valve size
shall be determined by the air-fow requirements and the inlet connection shall
be equal to the orifce area or larger when designated by the purchaser.
4.3.2.1 .3 Te cylindrical or conical valve body for wastewater service shall
be elongated such that the interior height is at least twice the average interior diam-
eter. Te interior bottom shall be sloped and ftted with a minimum 1-in. (25-mm)
National Pipe Treads (NPT) cleanout drain port located near the bottom of the
valve and a minimum ½-in. (13-mm) NPT fush port near the top of the valve. If
required by the purchaser, the drain and fush ports shall be ftted with ball valves
and fttings to provide for the attachment of backwash equipment.
4.3.2.2 Valve connections. Valve connections shall conform to the fol-
lowing requirements:
4.3.2.2.1 Flanged-end dimensions and drilling for cast-iron bodies and cov-
ers shall conform to ASME B16.1 , Class 125 or Class 250. Flanged-end dimensions
and drilling for ductile-iron bodies and covers shall conform to ASME B16.42,
Class 150 or Class 300. Flanged-end dimensions and drilling for stainless-steel and
carbon steel bodies and covers shall conform to ASME B16.5, except fanges shall
be fat-faced unless otherwise required by the purchaser.
4.3.2.2.2 Treaded-end connections and drain and fush ports shall con-
form to the requirements for tapered pipe threads for general use, NPT, in accor-
dance with ASME B1.20.1 .
4.3.2.3 Floats. Floats shall be capable of withstanding collapse pressures
of at least 2.5 times the valve design pressure.
4.3.2.4 Flanged joint seals. Flanged joints shall be sealed with gaskets
that comply with Sec. 4.2.2.9 or with O-rings that comply with Sec. 4.2.2.10.
4.3.2.5 Orifces.
4.3.2.5.1 Te air-release valve outlet orifce shall be suitable to release at the
design fow rate the volume of air and wastewater gases that accumulates in a liquid
piping system over the range of operating pressures. Te orifce size is specifc to
the system releasing requirements.
4.3.2.5.2 Te air/vacuum valve outlet orifces shall be suitably sized, using
the manufacturer’s sizing data, to vent air or to admit air at a required fow rate
specifc to the system application.
4.3.2.6 Cover bolting. Unless otherwise required by the purchaser, bolts,
studs, and nuts shall comply with Sec. 4.2.2.4.

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1 0  AWWA C51 2-1 5

4.3.2.7 Seats and diaphragms. Seats and diaphragms made of elastomeric

materials shall be designed with a material selected for watertight shutof (zero
leakage) and long-term service at a minimum pressure of 20 psig (138 kPa [gauge]).
Valve seat and diaphragm design shall permit easy removal and replacement.
4.3.2.8 Special fttings.
4.3.2.8.1 Drain/test ports on air valves for water service with a 1-in. (25-mm)
diameter or larger inlet shall have a ½-in. (13-mm) NPT minimum drain/test port
located near the bottom of the valve body and a ½-in. (13-mm) NPT minimum
diameter test port near the top of the valve. Te drain/test ports shall be plugged.
4.3.2.8.2 A combination air valve for wastewater service assembled with
interconnecting piping between the air-release valve and air/vacuum valve shall
have the interconnecting pipe equal to or greater in size than the inlet connection
size of the air-release valve to prevent clogging and entrapment of waste debris. Te
piping between the air/vacuum valve and the air-release valve shall be installed to
allow air and wastewater gases to rise to the air-release valve.
4.3.2.9 Valve trim materials. Valve trim material shall be compatible
with the intended service designated by the purchaser.
4.3.2.10 Valve outlet. Valve outlets shall be threaded, fanged, or hooded
as required by the purchaser (or protected with another shielding device that is
positively anchored to the valve cover).
4.3.3 Slow-closing device. When required by the purchaser, the manufac-
turer shall install a slow-closing device on the air/vacuum valve inlet connection for
water service and on the outlet orifce for wastewater service; test the assembly in
accordance with Sec. 5.1.1; and coat the assembly in accordance with Sec. 4.5.2.3.
Te device shall provide full-size fow area in the reverse direction. When installed
on the inlet connection, the body shall be gray cast iron, ductile iron, carbon steel, or
stainless steel, with a closure disc that may be held open with stainless-steel compres-
sion spring. Upon entry of air or water, the disc shall close and allow the passage of
air or water through adjustable orifces except that orifces may not be adjustable for
valves with an outlet connection 2 in. (50 mm) and smaller. Te disc shall be brass,
bronze, or stainless steel.
4.3.4 Trottling device. When required by the purchaser, a throttling device
shall be provided for mounting directly on the venting orifce of an air/vacuum valve
or combination air valve. Trottling devices shall have an adjustable closure disc that
throttles the air and wastewater gas fow between 5 and 100 percent of full fow. Te
device shall provide full-size fow area in the reverse direction.

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 AI R-RELEASE, AI R/VACUUM , AN D COM BIN ATI ON AIR VALVES  11

Sec. 4.4 Welding and Fabrication

4.4.1 General requirements. Welding procedures, weld repair procedures,
and welding operators shall be qualifed under Section IX, Part A of the ASME
Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code or under AWS D1.1 or other similar procedures.
4.4.2 Weld preparation. Weld areas shall be free of oxide, oil, grease, and
other contaminants prior to welding. Te weld root shall be protected from oxida-
tion by using inert-gas backing purge or other suitable means.
4.4.3 Weld materials.
4.4.3.1 Electrodes for carbon steel. Welding electrodes for carbon steel
shall conform to AWS A5.1 or AWS A5.5. Use electrodes in the E70XX series.
4.4.3.2 Electrodes for stainless steel. Welding electrodes for stainless steel
shall conform to AWS A5.4.
4.4.4 Weld production. Fabricated fanges shall be made from seam-
less forgings, cut from plate as a single piece, welded bar rings, or segmented and
welded plates. Longitudinal welds of the body shell and radial welds of the fanges
shall be full penetration. Attachment welds of the body shall be of uniform width
and height for the entire length of the weld.
4.4.5 Stress relieving. Body fabrications shall be post-weld heat treated in
accordance with AWS D1.1 or AWS D1.6 before machining.
4.4.6 Weld examination. When required by the purchaser, the body lon-
gitudinal welds and the welds connecting the fanges to the body shell shall be
examined by the magnetic particle or liquid penetrant methods. In the absence
of requirements by the purchaser, the examination method shall be chosen by the
manufacturer.
4.4.6.1 Magnetic particle examination. Magnetic particle examination
shall be conducted in accordance with AS TM E709. Te following indications are
unacceptable:
a. Any cracks or linear indications.
b. Rounded indications with dimensions greater than 3⁄16 in. (4.7 mm).
c. Five or more rounded indications in any 3-in. (76-mm) length of weld.
4.4.6.2 Liquid penetrant examination. Liquid penetrant examination
shall be conducted in accordance with AS TM E165. Te following indications
are unacceptable:
a. Any cracks or linear indications.
b. Rounded indications with dimensions greater than 3⁄16 in. (4.7 mm).
c. Five or more rounded indications in any 3-in. (76-mm) length of weld.

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1 2  AWWA C51 2-1 5

Sec. 4.5 Workmanship and Coatings

4.5.1 Workmanship. Workmanship employed in the fabrication and
assembly of valves manufactured in accordance with this standard shall ensure the
valves function as designed.
4.5.1 .1 Interchangeable parts. Valve parts shall be designed with manu-
facturing tolerances set to provide interchangeability in the products of any one
manufacturer between units of the same size and type.
4.5.1 .2 Castings. Castings shall be clean and sound, without defects that
will impair their service. Plugging, welding, or repairing of these defects in gray
cast-iron or ductile-iron castings will not be allowed. Stainless-steel castings shall
be free of adhering sand, scale, cracks, and hot tears. Unacceptable visible surface
discontinuities shall be removed. Teir removal shall be verifed by visual examina-
tion of the resultant cavities, which shall be repaired in accordance with AS TM
A351/A351M. Internal surfaces of the castings shall be smooth and free of sharp
corners.
4.5.2 Coatings.
4.5.2.1 Internal surfaces. Interior surfaces of the valve body shall be clean
and smooth.
4.5.2.2 Internal protective coating. When required by the purchaser,
an internal protective coating in accordance with ANSI/AWWA C550 shall be
applied to the wetted interior surfaces of air valves, except machined or bearing
surfaces and corrosion-resistant components.
4.5.2.3 External protective coatings including fange faces. Exterior gray
cast-iron, carbon steel, or ductile-iron surfaces shall be coated with the manufac-
turer’s standard coating or a corrosion-resistant coating selected for the specifc
application as required by the purchaser. Te coating shall be compatible with
anticipated feld coating when the feld coating is identifed in the purchase docu-
ments. Flange faces may be coated for protection from atmospheric corrosion only.
4.5.2.4 Holiday testing. When required by the purchaser, the interior or
exterior surfaces of the valve shall be holiday tested and shall be holiday free in
accordance with ANSI/AWWA C550.
4.5.2.5 Surface preparation. Surface preparation shall be in accordance
with the requirements of SSPC SP-10/NACE No. 2 or as required by the coating
manufacturer.

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 AIR-RELEASE, AI R/VACUUM , AN D COM BI N ATI ON AI R VALVES  13

SECTION 5: VERIFICATION

Sec. 5.1 Testing

5.1 .1 Shell test. With the valve outlet open to the atmosphere, an internal
hydrostatic pressure equal to 150 percent of the design pressure shall be applied.
During the test, there shall be no evidence of leakage through the valve, nor shall
any part show evidence of permanent damage or distortion. Te duration of the
hydrostatic test shall be sufcient to allow visual examination for leakage and shall
be at least 1 min for valves 8 in. (200 mm) and smaller and 3 min for valves 10 in.
(250 mm) through 20 in. (500 mm).
5.1 .2 Air-release valve seat leakage test.
5.1 .2.1 Hydrostatic test. Each valve shall be tested at an internal hydro-
static pressure of 20 psig (138 kPa [gauge]), unless otherwise required by the pur-
chaser. Te outlet of the valve shall be open to the atmosphere. Te duration of
each test shall be at least 30 sec. At the test pressures, the valve shall be droptight
(zero leakage).
5.1 .2.2 Operational test. After completing the hydrostatic test, each valve
shall be opened and closed three times, using water at 20 psig (138 kPa [gauge])
or at a lower pressure, if required by the purchaser, to activate the foat and foat
mechanism. During the test, the valve shall be visually observed to be droptight
(zero leakage).
5.1 .3 Air/vacuum valve and combination air valve seat leakage test. Each
valve shall be tested at an internal hydrostatic pressure of 20 psig (138 kPa [gauge]),
unless otherwise required by the purchaser. Te outlet of the valve shall be open to
the atmosphere. Te duration of each test shall be at least 30 sec. During this test,
the foat or plug shall be rotated four times in 90° increments. Tere shall be no
evidence of leakage in any of the test positions.
Sec. 5.2 Inspection
Work performed according to this standard shall be subject to inspection by
the purchaser.
5.2.1 Plant inspection. Te purchaser shall have access to all places of
manufacture where materials are produced or fabricated and where tests are con-
ducted and shall be able to inspect the facilities and observe the tests.

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1 4  AWWA C51 2-1 5

Sec. 5.3 Rejection

Any valve or valve part that does not comply with the requirements of this
standard shall be rejected.
SECTION 6: DELIVERY

Sec. 6.1 Marking

Each valve shall be marked by body markings or a corrosion-resistant name-
plate or both that clearly indicate the manufacturer’s name or trademark, size of
the valve, size of the orifces if diferent from the valve size, and the designation
of the maximum and purchaser’s-stated minimum operating pressure (or 20 psi if
none is stated) rating of the valve.
Sec. 6.2 Preparation for Shipment
Valves shall be complete in all details when shipped. Cavities shall be drained
of water to protect from freezing. Te openings shall be covered to prevent entry of
foreign material, and the threads shall be protected. Te manufacturer shall care-
fully prepare the valves for shipment. Valves shall be fully packaged or attached to
pallets at the manufacturer’s option.
Sec. 6.3 f
A davit of Compliance
Te purchaser may require an afdavit from the manufacturer that the mate-
rial provided complies with applicable requirements of this standard.

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