A.

Differentiate the following

a. Descriptive Statistics and Inferential Statistics
Descriptive statistics, also known as samples, can determine multiple
observations you take throughout your research. It's defined as finding group
members that fit the parameters of your research, noting data about groups
you're testing and the application of statistics and graphs to conclude the
findings from this group. Inferential statistics is when you take data from a
sample group and make a prediction that impacts the conclusion on a large
population. You can use random sampling to evaluate how different variables
can lead to you make generalizations to conduct further experiments.
b. Sample and Population
Sample is the group of individuals who actually participate in your study.
These are the individuals who you end up interviewing (e.g., in a qualitative
study) or who actually complete your survey (e.g., in a quantitative study).
People who could have been participants in your study but did not actually
participate are not considered part of your sample. Population is the broader
group of people to whom you intend to generalize the results of your study.
Your sample will always be a subset of your population. Your exact
population will depend on the scope of your study.
c. Quantitative Data and Qualitative Data
Quantitative data can be counted, measured, and expressed using numbers.
Qualitative data is descriptive and conceptual. Qualitative data can be
categorized based on traits and characteristics.
B. Study the different methods of Data Collection. Which of these methods is
considered the best method? Explain your choice.
For me, it is best to collect data through experiments because you can easily control
independent variables and measure the effects of it on the dependent variable.

C. Study the different approaches of Sampling Techniques. Give example for each
approach.
a. Simple random sampling - if you have a sampling frame of 1000 individuals,
labelled 0 to 999, use groups of three digits from the random number table
to pick your sample. So, if the first three numbers from the random number
table were 094, select the individual labelled “94”, and so on.
b. Systematic sampling - if you wanted a sample size of 100 from a population
of 1000, select every 1000/100 = 10th member of the sampling frame.
c. Stratified sampling - in a study of the health outcomes of nursing staff in a
county, if there are three hospitals each with different numbers of nursing
staff (hospital A has 500 nurses, hospital B has 1000 and hospital C has 2000),
then it would be appropriate to choose the sample numbers from each
 hospital proportionally (e.g. 10 from hospital A, 20 from hospital B and 40
from hospital C).
d. Clustered sampling - individual GP practices or towns could be identified as
clusters. In single-stage cluster sampling, all members of the chosen clusters
are then included in the study. In two-stage cluster sampling, a selection of
individuals from each cluster is then randomly selected for inclusion.