Meteorology

Assignment-2

Section : 2(B)

Submitted
To
Mam Faryal Shams
By
Name Muhammad Abubakar
Roll no. 70078318
 Altimeter
An instrument that measures air pressure. It works to measure height above sea level because the
air's pressure decreases at a more or less regular rate as you ascend. This is the most important
navigation instruments for aircraft and spacecraft pilots who monitor their height above the
Earth's surface.

Working of an Altimeter
A standard measuring instrument contains a stack of sealed aneroid wafers with an interior
pressure of 29.92" Hg. These wafers expand and contract based on the static pressure inside the
casing of the altimeter. This static air enters the casing through tube attached to the static ports.
A higher static pressure presses down on the wafers and causes them to collapse. A lower static
pressure allows the wafers to expand. Mechanical linkages connect the movement of wafers to
needles on the internal face of the altimeter. Compression of wafers translates to decrease in
altitude while expansion translates to an increase in altitude.
 Q-codes
Q codes are three-letter codes starting with the letter Q used in radio communication They
provide a succinct and accurate to communicate, initially by way of morse code but have
continued their use even in the era of voice transmissions. Codes in the range QAA–QNZ are
reserved for aeronautical use QOA–QQZ for maritime use and QRA–QUZ for all services.

 QDM - Magnetic heading

 QDR - Magnetic bearing
 QFE - Atmospheric pressure at aerodrome elevation
 QFU - Magnetic orientation of runway
 QNH - Altimeter sub-scale setting to obtain elevation when on ground
 QTE - True bearing